H ^h n

&oa, fol. 94, l*i c*Jo, fol. 134, to betray a French origin.

would seem

jjob^i J,

medan Hasan

This copy was transcribed by a Mohamcalled Hasan B. Jamfd B. Ahmad B.for a Christian personage of rank,

Nothing is said of the name or country of the royal personage by whose order, as here But it is said stated, the work was written.at the

designated as

end that

it

was completed A.D. 1690^-AS-

:

It

is

endorsedis

but in the text the workwithout specifictitle.

termed

JL,

MOHAMMEDAN THEOLOGY,THE COHAN ANDITS COMMENTARIES.

Add. 23,252.Foil.

472

;

10^

in.

by 6|

;

12

lines,

3|

in.

with two doublelong; written in fine Naskhi, finished in shaded gold, page 'Unwans, highly at the beginning, as well as illuminated headings andgold-ruled margins throughout, in the 16th century. apparently [ROB. TAYLOR,.]

extracts from various, mostly Shi'ah, commentaries, in which the traditional

The notes are

comments of the Imams are frequently adduced.Foil.

466 a

468 a contain a prayer to

The Goranphrase

in Arabic, with a Persian parawritten in small Nestalik and red ink

be recited after a complete reading of the Goran and a Fal-Namah in Persian verse, both written in alternating blue and goldlines.

between the

lines, and copious marginal anSee Arab. Catal. p. 537. notations. For the sake of comparison with the folor other versions, we give here the

On fol. 468 bthis

is

a Persian note stating that

copy was written by Mulla 'Abd Ullah

lowing,

c rendering of the 100th Surah,

Tabbakh, the master (in calligraphy) of Aka Ibrahim, who was himself the master of Mirza Ahmad Nairizi, and that it was worth

e>V*l uri

O

the

500 Rupees. Mulla 'Abd Ullah Tabbakh, of Herat, is mentioned amo'ng the great penmen wholived in the reign of Sultan

873911).fol.

Husain (A.H. See Mir'at ul-'Alam, Add. 7657,

459

b.

leaves containing other prayers or additional notes in modern handwriting areJU>

Some

added at beginning and end, and occasionally in the body of the volume.

THE GORAN AND Add. 5548-5551.

ITS

COMMENTARIES,

perfectly uniform, and offera continuous text, separated only by the ing binding. They contain respectively foil. 192,

Four volumes,

The Goran in Arabic, with a Persian version written in small Naskhi, and redink between the lines, and a few marginalnotes.

187, 184, and 190 ; 11 in. by 7|, with 13 lines, 5 in. long ; written in a large and

Surah 100

:

angular Naskhi, with illuminated borders enclosing the first two pages, and the two last,

marginal ornaments and gold headings, apparently in the 14th century.

[CHARLES HAMILTON.]

The Goran in Arabic, with a Persian versionadded in small writing and red ink under the text see Arab. Catal., p. 57. The Persian;

version presentsas

many

antiquated forms, such

^T and LLbT for sail and GT, o{j for Jjsr"* etc., but it is singularly incorrect, and

The

often exhibits a complete perversion of the persons and tenses of the Arabic.

page contains the *x>\3 ..^designating on the authority oflast

oImam

Ja'far

As a specimen, the Persian of the 100thSurahis

Sadik the days and hours in which the reading of the Goran is especially blessed.

here transcribed with

all its faults

:

Add. 7218.&Foil.

long ;

15 lines, 2| in. by 5 written in small and neat Naskhi, on;

262

9

in.

;

iiji

lj-_J

j

(JLw*lfcjjS

paper, with gilt headings and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th century. Bound in painted and glazed

extremely thin

covers.

[01. J. EICH.]

Theby

eight leaves have been defaced an English translation written over thefirst

The Goran in Arabic, with an interlinear Persian version and marginal notes ; seeArab.Catal., p. 57.

Persian.

Or. 1340.Toll.;

The Persian version, written in red ink and minute Nestalik, is separated from the text by gold-lines, and the notes in themargins, written in aare similarly enclosed.still

long double-page 'Unwans, illuminated headings, marginal ornaments, and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th century. Bound in

by 6| 10 lines, 3f in. written in good Naskhi with two539 ; lOfin.;

smaller character,

Surah 100

\\ u-a jj

stamped chagreen covers. [Sir CHARLES A. MURRAY.]

*

8

MOHAMMEDAN THEOLOGY.BoundIspahan, Zulhijjah, A.H. 1113 (A.D. 1702). in painted and glazed covers.[Sir

JUMil Jyi.

CHARLES A. MURRAY.]

Twolater

and two

and a half at the beginning at the end have been added by a hand, and present an imperfect imitationleaves

The Goran in Arabic, with the same Persian version as in the preceding copy, and copious marginal notes. The copyist/Abd ul-'Azim ur-Rizawi, states in the subscription that this was the eighth or ninth Goran he had transcribed.

of the old writing.Foil. 358;

Add. 7601.10in.

by 6small

;

Or. 1341.280; 9| in. by 6^; 14 lines, 3 in. written in fair Naskhi, with a rich double-page 'Unwan, gilt headings and goldruled margins, apparently about the close of the 17th century. Bound in stamped andlong;

long

;

written

in

29 lines, 4 in. Naskhi dated;

Jaunpur, A.H. 883 (A.D. 1478).[01. J.

Poll.

RICH.]

gilt leather.

[Sir

CHARLES A. MURBAY.]

The Goran in Arabic, with a Persian version written in a small neat Nestalik and in red ink between the lines of thetext,

The Persian translation of the Commentary of Abu Ja'far Muhammad B. Jarir ut-Tabarl upon the Coran see Arab. Catal. The first two pages contain the p. 370.;

gold lines. planatory notes, also in Persian, and in the same handwriting, cover a considerable part of the margins.

which

it

is

divided by

from Ex-

author's Arabic Preface,

beginning*si\

:

This version agrees substantially with that of Add. 7218, as the following beginning of

Surah 100 will show:j Jt3\ aij

^

^

j\j

Persian preface of one an account of the translation. page giving It is here stated that the Arabic original, in forty volumes, having been brought from Baghdad to the Amir Malik Muzaffar Abu(the same Samani Tabari's history was translated), he convened the 'Ulama of Mawera un-Nahr, and, after obtaining from them a decision to the effect -that it was lawful to translate that work, ordered them to elect out of their number the ablest men to carry out the task. It is added that the original

Then

follows a

Salih

Mansur B. Nuh,

prince for

whom

Or. 1342.Foil.

334; 10 J

in.

by 6|

;

12

lines,

long, in a page, written in a handwriting similar to that of the preceding copy, and ornamented in the same style ; dated

3|

in.

was considerably abridged by leaving out the Isnads, and that, on the other some

of hand, the historical notices included were brought down to A.H. 345. See the text of this

THE COHAN AND

ITS

COMMENTARIES.

9

The preface in the Arab. Catal., loo. cit. Persian translation is mentioned by Haj. Khal. vol. ii., p. 346.Tabari's

Surah III., foil. 5796, Surah IV., foil. 8194, Surah V., in detached portions, foil. 105, 107,111, 115, 118. They are partly accompanied with an interlinear Persian translation. But

Commentary

deals

chiefly with

the persons and events, legendary or historical, referred to in the Goran, and with the circumstances under which the several

further on the text

is

very incomplete, most

of the spaces reserved for its insertion having been left blank.Transcriber's

Surahs have been revealed.It is divided

name

:

c-oU' ^a?

large character.

by numerous headings in The following are thoseSurahII.,foil.

^

iijb

which

relate

to

2856

:

Add. 7602.**

Foil.j-j^i

589; 11

in.

by

7;

25

lines,

4|

in.

long; written in small and neat Nestalik,

with TJnwan and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th century.Jyj'ads-

*i'

A376.

Persian

Commentary upon the Coran,;

with the Arabic text&>n--

see Arab. Catal., p.

Author

:

Husain Va*i? Kashif I

Beg.

Kamal ud-Din Husain..

B. 'All,

surnamed

al-Va'iz ul-Kashifl, born at Baihak, Sabzawar, lived at Herat in the reign of Abul-GhazI Sultan-Husain, where he soon acquired a great fame as an eloquent preacher and an

elegant prose- writer, and enjoyed the special favour of Mir 'AH Shir. He died there A.H.910.XL!

See Habib us-Siyar, Add. 6561,

fol.

538,

S.

de Sacy, Calila et Dimna, preface,

p. 42,

Jourdain, Biogr. Univ., vol. xx. p. 435,J

Ham-

mer, Schone Redekiinste Persiens, p. 275. The author had undertaken, as stated inthe preface, by desire of Mir 'Ali Shir, to write an extensive Commentary, in four

part of the volume some at full chapters of the Goran are inserted length and in a larger character, viz.

In the

first

:

Surah L,

fol.

4,

Surah

II.,

foil.

628,

volumes, entitled j*.

*l-

b

Petersburg

Catal.

p.

Aumer, Miinchen

Catal., p. 127.

In bothj(>

places a Commentary with the same beginning as ours is described under the title of

JlU

j

The wordsThereis

Jawiihir

which belongs to the fuller Commentary mentioned in the preface. The work is frequently called, from itsut-TafsIr,

Jl^i. j$Z>

j

^

(for +>j* is a

clerical error) express

A.H. 899.

a mistake in the date of tran-

author's name, Tafsir i Husaini,as for instanceat the

scription of the present

volume

;

for the 31st

end of the next following copy.

year of Aurangzib corresponds to A.H. 1098, not to 1095, as written in words in thesubscription.

Add. 16,667.4 in. long; written in clear Nestalik, with an 'Unwan and ruled margins; dated A.H. 1097 (A.D. 1686). [Wie. YULE.]Foil.;

590

10|

in.

by 6

;

19

lines,

Egerton 998.Foil.

443; lOf

in.

by 6f ; 25

lines,

4|

in.

long;

The first half of the above work, comprisingSee Arab. Catal., p. 376. It is slightly imperfect, wanting the latter of Chapter xviii. from the middle of part verse 81 to the end.

written partly in Naskhi, partly in Nestalik, apparently in India, about the close

Chapters

i.

xviii.

of the 17th century. The first half of the above Commentary, closing with the end of Chap, xviii. ; see Arab.Catal., p. 377.\

Transcriber

:

Egerton 999.

Add. 16,668.uniform with the preceding, and written by the same hand; dated Kul Jalall, Subah of Akbarabad, Ramazan, A.H.Foil.;

21 lines, 41 in. long; written in Nestalik, in India; datedFoil.;

485

llf

in.

by 6|

;

645

Jumada

A.H. 1094 (A.D. 1683). The second volume, from the beginning of Chap. xix. to the end see Arab. Catal., p. 377.II.,;

1095, the 31st of the reign of Aurangzib.

[WM. YULE.]half of the work, extending from the beginning of Chapter xix. to the endlatter

page is a Persian note relating to the purchase of the MS. in Ahmadabad,first

On

the

The

A.H. 1130, in whichsignated as the second

it

is

incorrectly

de-

volume

of the Goran.

The present copy and one of the following, Egerton 999, contain a conclusion not found in the first MS. There

Add. 5565.Foil.

366; 10|

in.

by 6; 12

lines,

4

in.

THE CORAN AND

ITS

COMMENTARIES.

11

long; written in fair Indian Nestalik, with an TTnwfin and ruled margins; dated Jumada I., A.H. 1097 (A.D. 1686).

The comments on the Basmalah and the Eatihah itself begin at fol. 33 a, and occupythe rest of the volume.

[CHARLES HAMILTON.] The latter half of the same Commentary, from the beginning of Chap. xix. to the end;

Eoll.

see Arab. Catal., p. 377.

346;

Add. 7603. Hi n> by 7. 21i

lines,

3

in.

Transcriber

:

.*..*

^^^;

long

;

written in a neat Naskhi with

'Unwan

Thethe

fly-leaf contains a table of chapters

page bears the name of a former owner, Robert Watherston.first

and gold-ruled margins; dated Mashhad, Jumada I., A.H. 1076 (A.D. 1665).[Cl. J. RICH.]

Add. 23,577.by 5|; 20 lines, 31 in. written in small and neat Nestalik;' long; dated Jumada II., A.H. 1021 (A.D. 1612).Poll.in.

242; 10

of the larger Commentary of Husain Va'iz ul-Kashif i ; see Arab. Catal., p. 377.

ApartBeg.

bT

[RoB. TAYLOR.]

A volume of a very extensive Commentaryon the Coran, withouttitle or

This volume contains the comments uponthe Surat ul-Bakarah or Chapt. II. It probably is only the latter half of what the

author's name.

The writerof Shawahid

lived at the time of the author

un-Nubuwwahliving, fol.

quotes as

still

5

b.

(Jam!) whom he This and, still

author in the preface to the Mawahib (see Add. 7602 p. 9) calls his first volume, the only one then written, the first half consistingof the prolegomena

more, thefollowing,

great similarity in style and arrangement of the present volume with the

and the comments on the

Add. 7603, renderit

bable that

contains the

first

very proportion of the

it

Eatihah, which, according to Haj Khal., vol. formed part of the same volume. ii., p. 641,

same work, namely ^x^l Xa^ _^~ai5l j*W The MS. is imperfect at the beginning it commences in the middle of the second of;

Neither author's name nor title is to be found in the text, but the style is that of Husain Va'iz, and there appears to be no reason to doubt the correctness of the titlewritten on thefirst

six introductory chapters called

W \JAP, treating

page

:

j~~sc\ jiAfr

jy'

jl*.\\

of the necessity and science of Exegesis^JbM J*

pre-eminence of the.

^e

The remainingCopyist:

,.-^, J.C-

four are as followsEol.

:

(m

5

b.

III.

On

fS(j\jLa'3\

jj--*! ,Jp

"*

Or. 244.Foil.

The author hadthepreface,

a

written, as he states in full commentary in five

540

;

13;

in.

by 10

;

24

lines,

5|

in.

volumes, containing altogether one hundred

long, in a page

and eighty thousandy-av*"thatits

lines,fi*;

and

entitled

written in fair Naskhi with 'Unwan and ruled margins ; dated Rabi' L,[GEO. "W. HAMILTON.]

A.H. 1082 (A.D. 1671.)

f \j\

j

yJfcUM

but perceivingof most

bulk put it out of the reach readers, he determined to write the abridgement, chiefly intended for ignorant of Arabic. It evinces a

present

persons

marked

Shi'ah tendency and relies exclusively on the tradition of the Imams and their sectaries.

Another copy of the second volume. It was transcribed by Muhammad Kasim Kausi for Aka Muhammad Shaft'.Shaft' ul-Yazdi, the latter, states in a apparently the son of note at the end, that he collated this volumefor the third

The same author wrote also a Commentary on the Nahj ul-Balaghah, Add. 16850, which is said to have been completed A.H. 955, and in which he calls himself Fath Ullah B. Shukr Ullah ul-Kashani see below, He is called p. 18, and Arab. Catal., p. 512. Fath Ullah Kashani in Stewart's Catal.,;

'Abdullah B.

Muhammad

time in Kashmir, in A.H. 1044JJ-

(read 1144).Itis

endorsed

Foil. 2

^J* _#-& ij^ 7 contain a table of contents in:

p. 171.

This

MS.

contains the

first

half of the;

the handwriting of the copyist. On the fly-leaf is a modern title in which the authoris

work, closing with the end of Chap, xviii. see Arab. Catal., p. 378. At the end is found a transcript of the author's own subscription, in which the

called

(jyjj^i*

-

according to the

Hanaf i

school.

Author: SalamatHazakat KhanBeg.

'All

Khan, known as

[CHARLES HAMILTON.]

The second volume of the above work, beginning with the book on marriage, and ending with the book on Wakf, or piousfoundations.p. 71 vol.ii.

wTheto

author, while acting as legal assistant

Mr. John Knife in the Court of Second

(Hamilton's translation, vol.

i.

Instance at

Muhammad- Abad, compiled

the

Foil. 1

p. 359). 3 contain a table of contents.

present work, in order to facilitate the decision of criminal cases. He states hissources as follows:

,_^>^ j *^JA

_j

L

Add. 5545.552 uniform with the two prevolumes. ceding [CHARLES HAMILTON.] The third volume, beginning with the book on sales, and ending with the book on " ghasb," or appropriation by force. (Hamilton's translation, vol. ii. p. 360 vol. iii. p.Foil.;

XHe

j JOa

-

j a*o ii-

adds that he

commenced the work

in

560).

Table of contents,

foil.

24.

A.H. 1212, a date expressed by its title, and presented it to Mr. John Dean. The work is divided into an introduction &*j and two books it consists entirely of,

;

Add. 5552.Foil.

from the original Arabic works, with a Persian translation " en regard." It has been printed in Calcutta, A.H.extracts

1244380;

10

in.

by 6

;

17

lines,

3

in.

See Biblioth. Sprenger., no. 663.

written in fair Nestalik, in the latter part of the 18th century.

long

;

Add. 24,040.FoU. 210; 111 in. by 6| 15 lines, 4^ in. written in Indian Nestalik, in .two long gold-ruled columns, about the beginning of the 19th century. [H. H. WILSON.]; ;

[CHARLES HAMILTON.]

The fourth and last volume, from the bookon " Shufah," or the right of pre-emption, to the end of the work. (Hamilton, vol. iii. 561 vol. iv. p. 574). p.

The same work.

LAW.

25

Add. 19,433.by 5| 17 lines, 4 in. long ; written in cursive Indian Nestalik, in the early part of the 19th century.Foil.

and subdivided into chapters (Bab).first

The

book,

0,1^

i-r'W'> is

imperfect at the

63

;

9

in.

;

beginning. The second begins,

fol.

14

o, as

follows

:

[TURNER MACAN.]

The

last book,fol.

which227

is

imperfect at theas follows:

A

treatise

on penal law, according to theas

end, begins,t_->b

b,

Hanaf I

school.:

Author Amir ud-Din Ahmad, known Amr Ullah Khan

tji

M

j^b j d*>.^j> Ji'.

*4io*

^j J j Obi5 jla-

There are also some

cunes in the body of the volume. The MS., although endorsed ^Ucis

V>

Beg. g}j^\ j^

J\

a different work from the compilation so

The author, who claims descent from Arab ancestors settled in India since the time of Babar, states, in the preface, thatoffice

called,

Add. 23,578, and apparently

earlier.

he had acceptedFoil.

under the English, and acted for eight In years as judge of the court of Ghazipur. consequence of the appointment of English judges, in A.D. 1795, he lost his place, but found a kind patron in Henry Colebrook. It was owing to his advice and kind encouragement that he wrote the present work, which he completed and dedicated to him in

Add. 23,578.long;

207 ; 8 in. by 5| ; 26 lines, 3| in. written in clear Naskhi, in the 17th

century.

[ROBERT TAYLOR.]

A.H. 1223.written in the form of questions and answers, and divided into chapters (Bab) andItis

exposition of the law, according to the Shi'ah school.

A popular:

Author

Baha ud-Din Muhammad

'Amili,

sections

(Fasl), a table of

which occupies

Beg.

three pages at the beginning. The authorities referred to under every head are quoted in the original Arabic.

Add. 23,579.Foil.

237

;

1\

in.

by 5

;

17

lines,

3

in.

in the 16th century.

long ; written in cursive Nestalik, apparently [ROBERT TAYLOR.]

A

treatise of law, according to the Shi'ah

school.

number of books (Kitab) the headings usual in legal treatises, bearingIt is divided into a

Shaikh Baha ud-Din Muhammad, born in A.H. 953, accompanied, as a boy, his father, Mir Sayyid Husain, of Jabal 'Amil, near Damascus, to Persia. The latter, an eminent Shi'ah divine, became Shaikh ul-Islam in Ardabil, and afterwards Mujtahid in Ispahan. Baha ud-Din became, under his father, a comlaw he learnt plete master of tradition and also physics, mathematics, and astronomy, from the great masters of the day. After;

uldischarging for a time the office of Shaikh

26

LAW.scription ascribes the,

Islam at Ispahan, he gave it up to perform the pilgrimage, and led for many years the wandering life of a Darvish. He is the author of numerous works on theology, law, and thesciences;

work

to

^

the above-named con-

tinuator.

he leftSee

also some poetry and a large

The Jami' i 'Abbas! has been lithographed in Lucknow, A.H. 1264, and in Persia, A.H.1277, d. 1285 ; see Zenker, vol. ii., p. 93, and Dorn's Catalogue des ouvrages arabes, see Fleisetc., no. 27. For other MS. copies

collection of Analecta in seven volumes, called

Kashkul.

Alam

Arai, Add. 16,684, foU.

38, 40 and 377, where Iskandar Mirza, the author's contemporary, says that he died at Ispa-

han on the 12th of Shavval, A.H. 1030, and had been working to the last at the Jami' The above date is confirmed by 'Abbasl. two versified chronograms due to contemporary poets.Notices of hislife

Dresden Catal., no. 338 ; Leyden Catal., vol. iv., p. 178 ; De Jong, Catal. Bibl. Acad., 130 Cop. 237 ; Aumer, Munich Catal., p. penhagen Catal., p. 5 ; and Bibl. Sprenger.,cher,;

No. 654.

are also

found in the Khulasat ul-Asar, Add. 23,370, fol. 179; 'Ikd ul-Jawahir, Add. 16,647, fol. 279 Eiyaz ush-Shu'ara, Add. 16,729, fol. 79 ; Atashkadah, Or. 1268, fol. 95 ; and the Majmu'ah, Add. 7719, fol. 197. See also SprenMalcolm, History ger, Oude Catal., p. 368 of Persia, vol. i. p. 558 and Dorn, S. Peters; ; ;

Add. 18,871.Foil.

158

;

8J

in.

by 5

;

17

lines,

5f

in.

long; with TJnvan and gold ruled margins ; dated A.H. 1233 (A.D. 1818).

written in small and neat Naskhi,

burgh Catalogue,

p. 238.

The author

states, in

a short preface, that

he wrote this work by command of Shah 'Abbas (A.H. 9961037), for the benefit of his subjects. It is divided into twenty chapters (Bab), which follow the usual arrangement of legal books, and a table of which is given at the end of the preface. The firsttreats of purification

very full exposition of the ordinances a Shi'ah work. of Islamism ,.^-c

A

^

^K^,

Authorrasani

Muhammad Hasan Muhammad Ibrahim,:

Ibn

ul-Khu-

Beg.

U

.

.

.

.

L.JJ

aJ)

0,1^, the

last of blood-

money \^ yf'. At the beginning

of Bab vi., fol. 72 5, is found a second preface. Here it is stated that, the author having died on the 12th of Shawal, A.H. 1031 (not 1030 as in theArai), after finishing the first five the writer, Nizam B. Husain Savaji, Babs, received, and carried out, the royal commands to complete the remaining fifteen Babs.

The author says, in a short preface, that work was written at the request of a vast number of believing brethren, and thatthisit

consists

(Maksad),

of an introduction, four parts Maksad I. and a conclusion.

treats of the acts of worship

obLfr, and

is

'Alam

divided into ahaj.

number

of books called

Man-

and 200207, have been supplied in A.H. 1202 by a copyist namedFoil.

213,

&> (J**^*> wn the older writing was

u^ *?

states that the date of

The only portion contained in the present a^jjU volume is the introduction, UUJL> of a duly qualified ^Jjte, on the necessity Mujtahid, foil. 2 b 6 b, and secondly, the The latter treats first Manhaj of Maksad I. of the legal prayer, and is itself very fully

^

A.H. 1063.

The sub-

divided into four sections (Mabha), beginning

THEOLOGY (KALAM) AND CONTROVERSY.at

27

and a Khatimah treating of funeral rites, J fol. 136 6.foil.

6

6,

35

,

93

,

and 122

a,

douhts which invalidate the legal prayer, according to Shi'ah practice. Muhammad Bakir B. Sayyid Author Hasan B. Khalifah Sultan ul-Husaim.:

Add. 16,835.Foil.;

32

;

4f

in.

by 3|

;

10

lines,

2

in.

Beg.

long in the 18th century.

written in Naskhi, apparently early

[Wsr. YULE.]

The work is dedicated to Shah Sultan Husain (A.H. 11051135). It is dividedinto five chapters (Easl).

A

popular

treatise

on the defects and

THEOLOGY (KALAM) AND CONTROVERSY.Egerton 702.Eoll.;

and order of the universe, in eleven chapters,fol.

28

6.

100; 9

in.

by

5;

17

lines,

3|

in.

long written in cursive Nestalik, apparently in India, in the 17th century.

proofs derived from the condition and nature of man, in five chaptersIII.

On

other

(Bab),

fol.

591

a.

[ADAM CLAEKE.]

A full table of theb,;

contents

is

found on thei_ajlla) L-^Ui'

A treatise on scholastic theology (Kalam), without title or author's name.Beg.j

fly-leaf, fol.

with the headingtitle is

JlA&

the same

written at the end

in the handwriting of the transcriber, and lastly at the back of the first page, as follows:

The author

says, in his preface, that,

on

approaching the throne of the reigning sovereign, Mu'izz ud-Dunya wad-Din, Ghiyas. ul-Islam wal-Muslimm, Abul-Eath Muham-

The celebrated theologian, Eakhr ud-DmRazi

(Muhammad

B. 'Umar), to

whom

the

mad B. Malakshah, Kasim i Amir ul-Mumimn,he decided to offer to him, as the most valuable gift he could command, these subtle thoughts and ingenious observations on matters of faith, yja sl^ii IfSo 3^^ajJa),

work is here attributed, was born in A.H. 544, and died A.H. 606. See Ibn Khallikan, deSlane's transl., vol.therefore, haveii.

p. 655.

He could not,

the fruit

been the author of a work Muhammad B. Malak511. shah, who reigned A.H. 498dedicated to Sultan

As

to the title

of forty years study. The work consists of the following three sections (Makalah):

^IA& uJulla), althoughitself, itit

it

does not appear in the work well have been given to it, for

may,

the excellence of knowledge; in seven chapters (Easl), fol. 6 6.I.

On

II. On the proofs of the existence of a Creator, which are drawn from the existence

would seem to be derived partly from the word l^jLlaJ by which the contents are designated in the preface, and partly from Ghiyas ud-Dln, theSultan's surname.

E 2

28

THEOLOGY (KALAM) AND CONTROVERSY.This treatise was notgives the see vol. ;fol.

whowork

samev., p.

to Haj. Khal., title to a very different

known

317.

the subscription that this copy was transcribed, during the rule of Hafiz Rahmat Khan Bahadur Hafiz ul-Mulk,It is stated in

On

5 a

is

a Persian note stating that

for

Mulla Dindar Khan, by Khalifah Ghulam

the MS. was bought in Jaunpur, A.H. 1144, by a certain Lutf Ullah.

Muhyi ud-Dln.This MS., like many others in the Hamilton collection, once belonged to the Royal library of Lucknow, and bears the vermillion

Or. 222.by 5J; 17 lines 3| in. long; written in Nestalik, dated Pill Bhit, Parganah of Bareli, Sha'ban, A.H. 1181Foil. 199;in.

10

stamps of two kings of Oude, Sulaiman Jah and Amjad 'All, containing the followinginscriptions in verse.aJla-i

(A.D. 1767).

[GEO.

W.

HAMILTON.]

A controversial work, in which the authorof hisgives an account of the true own time.

U,

Jt

Ji

and

false doctors

Author

:

Shaikh

Darvizah

Nankarhari,Poll.

Add. 25,857.181;

5|

in.

by 4

;

12

lines,

2|

in.

Beg. CjjAa.

j.,V>U

\>

long written in Naskhi, apparently in the 17th century. [WILLIAM CURETON.];

the well-known apostle of Afghanistan, commonly called Akhund Darvizah (see fol. 103 5), who so successfullyis

The author

Jp.

lixa

exerted himself to crush the Raushaniyyah sect. See Dr. Leyden, Asiatic Researches, vol.416, and Elphinstone, "Account of Caubul," i., p. 276. He says, in his preface, that before reading a book people should ascertainx., p.

clean polisher for the brightening of the Truth-reflecting Mirror,' " a Musulman refutation of Geronimo Xavier's " Defence of Christianity " (see p. 3). Author: Sayyid Ahmad B. Zain ul-'Abidin'

"The

that the author was a true believer and safe

ul-Alawi ul-'Amili,

He

guide ; if not, the book should be destroyed. then proceeds to give numerous instances

Beg.

of unsound passages in current religious works. He wrote the present Tazkirah, he further says, to enable the people of Hindostan and Afghanistan to distinguish between the true and the false doctors. He states, at the end (fol. 199 a), that the work was writ-

j\

The author dedicates his work to the reigning Shah (here called Shah Safi, instead of Shah 'Abbas, by a mistake of the tranthen states that, in obedience conveyed to him in A.H. 1030, the Imam Mahdi, in a vision, he had by prewritten a work entitled viouslyscriber). to a message

He

ten A.H. 1021.

The

title is

the back of the the workis

found in the colophon, and at first page. In the preface

^

^b,

,,y

designated only as Tazkirah.

,

against the Christians, and

THEOLOGY (KALAM) AND CONTROVERSY.another called yb^j*. against the Jews.t__*s> J->,.

29

AuthorBeg.U

:

Ibn 'Umar Mihrabi,

In A.H. 1032, having heen shown by two Christian priests, viz. Padre Juan ^j*- andPadre BrioUi(?)

j>

,

the work entitled ^&iJT

It is written in the

form of a dialogue

written in defence of the Trinity by the great Christian divine known as Padre

J-

,

a^L^,, he felt called upon to write the present treatise in refutation of it. It was completed, as stated at the end, in the

between a parrot and a sharak (a species of talking-bird), and is preceded by a fabulous account of the origin of the work. It wasDamyati, the daughter of Nal Rae, king of Naldrug, in the Mahrattah country. A young andcomposed,it

is

stated,

for

month of Muharram of the same year, viz. A.H. 1032. From numerous and extensive quotationsit

that the author had before him, not the larger work of Jerom Xavier (Harl.is clear

accomplished Mussulman, who had become enamoured of the princess, after training

abridgment by the same author (see above, p. 4, Add. 23,584). The present work has itself called forth a5478),

but

its

two talking birds to repeat alternately the questions and answers, found means to have them purchased by her, and thus effected her conversion. The work, which was byin letters of gold, into the treasury of subsequently passed Gujrat, where it long lay forgotten, until Rae Karan discovered it, and, after somefruitless attempts by his it at last interpreted to

very full and extensive refutation in the

her order written

down

Apologia pro Christiana a R. P. Philippo Guadagnolo Religione, qua respondetur ad objectiones Ahmed filii Zin Alabadin, Persae Asphahensis, contentas inentitled:

book

own

Pandits, had

libro inscripto Politor Speculi.

Romae, 1631.

him by a strange

former reply had been written by P. Bonav. Malvalia in 1628. See Schnurr, iv., p. 241, and the S. Petersburg!! Catal., p. 244. A full account of the author's first work,^ib j*\p,

A

Brahmin, secretly converted to Islamism,

when

the king's own conversion followed as a matter of course. The reason which the

written, also in reply to J. Xavier,

A.H. 1031, is given by S. Lee in his preface to Henry Martyn's " Controversial tracts on Christianity and Mohammedanism," Cambridge, 1824, pp. xiici.

author gives for translating it from the Indian tongue into Persian is, that in his time the children of Mohammedans dwellingin villages, and associating with idolaters,

Add. 5602.Foil.

becoming imbued with their superstitious creeds, and heathenish practices. A work entitled f^cipal'All,

^Jjw^o**

and against'All

his prin-

followers,

Nur

Shah,

Baunak

Aka Mahdi Kirmani, and Mirza Taki

was tortured to death. The latter was thrown into prison. Nur 'All, frightened, fled to Mossul, where he died of the plague.Mirza Taki, as the author exultingly states in a post-scriptum, was also overtaken bythe divine wrath, in other words, put to death, three months after the completion of of this work. short account of these dis-

Kirmani.It begins with a letter addressed to an eminent Sayyid, whose name is not given.

Here the author says that, a letter written by the Asafjah, or Prime Minister (Mirza

A

Muhammad

Shaft',

see

Brydge's

turbancesHistory

is

given by Malcolm in his Historyii.,

of the Kajars, p. 28), to the Beglerbegi, or Governor of the Province, and relat-

of Persia, vol.

pp. 417

423.

ing to the said Ma'sum 'All, having been shown to him, he was shocked to find a manof great piety supporting the arch enemy of the faith, no doubt in ignorance of hisreal character,

of composition, A.H. 1211, is indicated by the word Ol^i-, from which

The timetitleis

the

derived ; but the

work was not

finished before the" 1st of Jumada-1-akhir, A.H. 1214 ; for that is the date rather enig-

and

felt

himself called upon

matically conveyed by the author in the

to

unmask and

refute the foul heresy.

Ac-

concludingIt

lines.

cording to our author, the first appearance of Ma'sum 'All as a public teacher took place in Isfahan, under 'Ali-Murad Khan (A.H.

may beof

1196

1199),

by whose

order,

and in conse-

portion " Nafahat-ul-uns," is here inserted in full for the sake of refutation.

Jami's

noticed that a considerable Notices of the Sufis,

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.

35

Add. 16,831.110 7i in. by 4$ ; 11 lines, 2 in. written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan long ; and gold-ruled margins, apparently in thePoll.;

an Introduction, two chapters The (Bfib), and a Conclusion (Khatimah). Introduction, fol. 3 a, defines, in a few lines, the meaning of Iman and Islam. Bab I.,preface, intofol.4t

17th century.

[Ww. YULE.]

a,

contains

five

sections

(Rukn),

treating of the principal points of the Shi'ahcreed.

short exposition of the creed and religious duties, according to the Shi'ah doctrine, without author's name.

A

Bab

II., fol.

52

a,

expounds, in five

sections (Fasl), the ordinances relating to prayers, fasting, alms, pilgrimage, and Jihad.

The KhatimahThisis

is

wanting.

Beg.

\j

^&y>.\

i_*-\j j*

JnoJ

^M

_j

&$

,xv>.

Cl**ujl iij- (_^a.Jj\ (JyO\ ^Uai

W

quite distinct

This treatise

is

divided, according to the

scribed p. 30, Egerton 1020, similar title.

from the work dewhich bears a

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.Add. 16,833.Foil.

This tract, whichlines,t^jLai^all)

is

commonly known

as

19

;

7 in.

by 4

;

from 8 to 10

joe-

&-\ji-

!U^j,

consists of invoca-

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulka'dah, the 21st year (probably of Shah 'Alani, i. e. A.H. 1193, A.D. 1780).

2^

in.

tions to God, followed by pious exhortations addressed to devotees.It is

[WM.

in the form oflatter the

YTJLES.]

written in prose, mixed with verses Rubfus and Ghazals. In the

A

religious tract, inscribed

a?-\ji-

Beg.iXT,.jl-

author designates himself, in some the name of 'Abd Ullah, in others, places, by by that of Piri Ansar, which, according to Walih, Add. 16,729, fol. 4, was the Takhallusof 'Abd Ullah Ansari.

(j*jy

IplailP jo

y

t>b

Abu Ismail 'Abd Ullah

B. Abil-Mansur

ul-Ansarl ul-Haravi, surnamed Shaikh ul-Islam, a celebrated devotee, and

Muhammad

Other copies are found in Add. 16,825, See also the Vienna Cata26,292, 26,303.logue, vol.iii.,

p. 497,

and the

S.

Petersburgh

the author of Manazil

us-Sii'irin,

was born

Catalogue, p. 254.

in Kuhandiz, A.H. 396, and died in Herat, A.H. 481. Notices of his life are to be

Or. 257.Foil.

found in the Nafahat ul-Uns, Add. 16,718, fol. 158 ; Majalis ul-'Ushshak, Or. 208, fol. 46 Haft Iklim, Add. 16,734, fol. 267 and Biyaz See also ush-Shu'ara, Add. 16,729, fol. 4.; ;

141

;

8|

in.

by 6|

;

17

lines,

3

in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, apparently in the 16th century. [GEO. W. HAMILTON.]

S.

de Sacy, Not. et Extr., vol.

xii., p.

352.

A

work, without

title

or author's name,

F 2

36

ASCETICISM

AND

SUFISM.i"

containing the religious teachings, moralprecepts,

and pious observances, of Muhamhis followers.1

ri

mad andBeg.\

v-^wi

J-?

U

.

.

.

efiJUt L^J

A

j^

r'

'

e^dj*

iSfi& j

The work begins with a short introduction on the duty of the devotee of attaching novalue to his pious works. It contains fiftyfive chapters (Bab), a table of which occupies the first

two pages.

They

treat of true

devotion, the terrors of death, the ordeal of the grave, resurrection, heaven and hell,

moral duties, vices

and

virtues,

religious

observances, the pre-eminence of certain days and months, the virtue of the recitation of the

This copy breakslast chapter.

off before

the end of the

Goran and prayers,

finally, of

the miracles of

Muhammad.Their headings are as follows

The language is archaic, and found in early translations from the Arabic. The text is a mere compilationsuch asis

*.U jjj

Muhammad, the companions, and some holy men of the 2nd and 3rd cenof sayings ofJjfe

turies, as

Shakik Zahid(d.

Ma'az RazI

A.H.

174), Yahya 258), etc., with anec(d.

A.H.

dotes relating to the same.

'

An author frequently quoted hid Abu-1-Lais Samarkand!.r-'j li j'similar

Fakih ZaHe wrote ais

i

r

* |r10

'

wy_^

^|A'

w\i;(i

work in Arabic, entitled yxijUM ,JJu~>, from which the present seems to be in great part derived. Abu 1-Lais. died A.H. 375. See Al-Waf! bil-Wafayat, Add. 23,359, fol.Haj. Khal., vol. ii., p. 51 ; Tornberg, Upsala Catal., p. 289; and Biblioth. Sprenger., No. 914.;

IV

124

rr

Jri

Jj^ll jil, written a later hand,in the margin of the table of by contents, and the endorsement, (j^LJl W'JA, on fol. 2 a, are of doubtful authority. title,tlju3Ua!\

The

cL-olj*

Add. 25,026.rrrf-.

rl

...

Foil.in.

313; 13i;

in.

by 9^; 23

lines,

6J

long

written with

the vowels, in fine

ASCETICISMPersian Naskhi, with 'Unvan and ruled margins ; dated Zul-hijjah, A.H. 672 (A.D. 1274).

AND68b.

SUFISM.fellowcreatures,

37

course with3.

O^

j&~3\

(j}J$\ *N1

J^

Man's duty to God, or the acts of worship and religious observances, obUfr fol. 31 b. 2. Man's duty to man, or rules to be observed in the intertuallife,

as follows

:

1.

Foil.

227

;

Add. 7604. 9i in. by 6; 23

lines,

4$

in.

,

long

;

written in Naskhi by various hands.[01. J.

RICH.]

38

ASCETICISM AND STJFISM.section (Bab) of Asl

portion of the same work, extending from the beginning of Eukn I. to the end

A

3 to the end of the

Eukn.Copyist:

of

Rukn

III.foil.

The older part of the MS.,

150,Or. 258.2| in. long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'TJnvan and gold-ruled margin, apparently in the 15th century. [GEO. W. HAMILTON.]

probably the 15th, but a few leaves have been supplied here and there by still later hands.

196 225, appears to be of the 13th century. Most of the remaining portion is of

FoU. 333; 8f

in.

by

5;

12

lines,

Add. 25,841.17 lines, 4 in. long ; written in Naskhi, with gold headings and ruled margins, apparently in the 15th century. [WM CURETON.] The first half of the same work, containing the preface, the introduction, and the firstFoil.

M*J! Jl AXxJl

248; 9

in.

by 5|

A

^ aUaM &*j*spiritual

Sufi

work treating of the

;

progress (tiUL.) of the soul through its three stages, viz., the original state, AJU*)!, the

.

present

life,

^UJ)

,

and the world

to come,

Author:

Abu Bakr

two Eukns.

hammad

B.

'Abd 'UHah B. MuMuhammad B. Shahavar ul-

Asadi ur-Eazi

Add. 25,842.Beg.Foil.

159; 9

in.

by 7; 21

lines,

5

in..

written in cursive Nestalik, apparently in India, in the 18th century.

long

;

The author

says in the introduction, that,

[WM. CURETON.]Thefirst

half of the same work,

as in

the preceding copy. Transcriber U$

\Ji

Haj. Khal., vol.

v., p.

495, calls

him

^v_i

,

whilefol.>

inhis

Javahir

ul-Asrar,is

Add. 7607,

49,j>\

name

It

consists

written

of eighty

chapters

(Fasl).

jjlU

^

*

!j>\

*.

See Stewart's

Each of these begins with a Coranic verseor Hadls. in Arabic, as a text;

this is followed

Catalogue, p. 43, and Fliigel, Vienna Catalogue, vol. iii., pp. 417 and 453, where a

fourth reading of the author's patronymicoccurs, namely,Foil.

jy^

^

329, 320,

and 333 have been sup-

by a modern hand. This MS. bears the stamps of the kings of Oude, Sulaiman Jah and Amjad 'All.plied

by a Persian paraphrase, and some approof Jalal priate quotations from the Manavi The spiritual meaning is ud-Din Kumi. afterwards developed in prose, and further illustrated by some apologue or anecdote, in the same metre as the Magnavi. The title is found in the following subis described scription, in which the author as a disciple of Jalal ud-Din (d. A.H. 672),

Or. 251.Foil.

164

;

8

in.

by 5

;

21

lines, 3

in.

long; written in Nestalik

;

dated Rabi' L.

A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753).[GEO.

W.

HAMILTON.]

vol. Haj. Khal. gives the same title, notice. further p. 78, but without any

iii.,

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.This MS. bears the same stamps as thepreceding.Foil. 103;

Add. 7817.15 lines, 2| in. Indian Shikastahlong; written in cursive Amiz, apparently in the 18th century. [01. J. RICH.] The same work.7in.

by 4&

;

Or. 1229.by 6 16 lines, 4 in. long written in Nestalik, A.H. 925 (A.D. 1519).Foil.

84 ; 8

in.

;

;

[ALEX. JABA.]

Thecopy,ing,

real title is found, as in the preceding in the concluding section ; the follow-

mixed prose and verse, in which the nature and rules of spiritual life i^jl~ are explained, and illustrated by anecdotes and sayings of holy men.Sufi

A

work

however, has been written, apparently:

in

by the copyist, on the first page

Authorul-Husaini

:

Husain B. 'Alim B. Abil-HasanFoU. 344

Egerton, 691.;

lOf

in.

by 6|

;

17

lines,

3|

in.

Beg.

3f

long; with 'Unvan and gold-ruled marginsas

written in Naskhi on tinted paper,;

dated

Amir Husaini,frequently called,

oris

Fakhr us-Sadat,

he

is

Eabi'

I.,

A.H. 1084 (A.D. 1673).

celebrated both as Sufi

[ADAM CLAKKE.]

and

as poet.

He was

born in Guziv, in the

country of Ghur, but lived chiefly in Herat, where he died A.H. 718. See Nafahat ul-

Uns, Add. 16718,shak,Or.

fol.fol.

281, Majalis ul-'Ush96,

"The KeyGodlylife,

208,

and

Eiyaz

ush-

of Paradise," or Guide to a containing directions relating to

Shu'ara, Add. 16,729, fol. 116. Daulatshah, however, places his death in A.H. 719, and

prayers,

the Haft Iklim, Add. 16,734,

fol.

262, in

observances, and moral conduct, based upon the precepts of Muhammad and other holy men.religious

Compare Hammer, Schone Eedekiinste Persiens, p. 228 Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 430 and Haj. Khal., vol. vi.,A.H. 717.;;

Beg.

The authorface, fol.

gives hisit

nameis

p.

321.

2 a, where

in the prewritten AS?

above, name, as well as the title and the date of occurs, composition, A.H. 711, in the concludinglines,fol.

The

author's

as

written

c_^vi.,

&-9-j,

probably for

Muhammad

j^

Mujir

B. Wajih-ud-Din, while by Haj. Khal., vol.p.

11,

83.

The work

is

divided into

Din.least

He

simply "Wajlh-udfurther describes himself as the

he

is

called

twenty-eight chapters (Fasl.), the headings of which are given by Krafft, p. 190, and byFliigel,

Vienna Catalague, vol. iii., p. 418. Copies are also mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue, p. 29, No. XC. the Copenhagen;

Catalogue, p. 7; thelogue, p. 437;

Petersburgh Cataand Bibl. Sprenger., No. 1604.St.

Transcriber:

and humblest "servant of the Sultan of Shaikhs and Walls, etc., etc., Nasir ulHakk vash-Shar' vad-Din, and states that he compiled the present work from the most approved treatises on law and tradition, and the best commentaries on the Coran, for the use of persons ignorant of Arabic, and included in it some forms of prayer jlj\

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.which he had learnt from his father and from, his paternal uncle, Maulana Ziya udDin, the author of a Tafsir entitled

41(d.:

^M.

The work(Bab),

divided into twenty- five books variously subdivided into chaptersis

A.H. 633 see Saf inat ulAuliya, Or. 224, fol. 89) he can be no other than the celebrated Indian saint, Farid udDin, surnamed Ganj i Shakar, who was, as;

Din Bakhtiyar

(Fasl), a complete table of

which concludes

stated in the Safinat ul-Auliya, fol. 90, a disciple and Khalifah of Kutb ud-Din Bakh-

the preface ; foil. 3 a 5 b. They treat of the following subjects: 1. Tahlil, or the formula " La Hah ilia 5 b fol.'llah,";

in Ajwadhan," near Debalpur, province of Multan, and died there A.H. 664, at 95 years of age. On the other hand, thetiyar, settled

2.

Ablutions,4.;

fol.

31 b

;

42 a; 110 a

Fasting,

fol.

Legal prayer, 1026; 5. Alms,to the

3.

fol.

fol.

visit to

author records incidentally (fol. 292 d) his the tomb of Sultan 'Ala ud-Din, whodied A.H. 716,

6.

Reward promised;

secret;

and

refers to

Nizam ud-Din

motives of the believer's heart, fol. 137 8. Indulgence 7. Good manners, fol. 138 b

(Auliya),to

who

died A.H. 725, as belonging

and anger, forgiveness, pride and humility, 9. Mocovetousness and envy, fol. 144 a fol. 154 a 10. Truth and lying, desty,;

already somewhat remote past. there can be little doubt that the Lastly, holy personage, Nasir ud-Din, whose servant

an

;

he

calls

fol.

slander, continence of tongue, sin, usury, 156 a ; 11. Claims of kindred, fol. 179 a; 12. Gratitude, fol. 196 a; 13. Patience andfol.

known named Chiragh

himself in the preface, is the wellsaint, Nasir ud-Din Mahmud, suri

Dihli,

who was

the most

resignation, best times for their being granted, fol. 205 a 15. Prayers for special objects, fol. 212 b;

200 a

14. Prayers,

and the;

eminent disciple and the successor of Nizam ud-Din Auliya, and died A.H. 757 (see

Akhbar ul-Akhyar, Or. 221,name, however,it

fol.

69).

As

his

is

;

followed by the formula,

16. Prayers for safety, fol.

250 b ; 19. Efficacy fol. 254 b 20. Protection of various prayers, in the trial of the grave, fol. 258 a 21. The causes of wealth and poverty, fol. 270 b ; 22. The virtues of certain aliments, fol. 279 23. Anecdotes of Khalifs and kings, fol. 282 b ; 24. Signs of the resurrection, fol. 25. Prayers for special days and 294 a months, fol. 302 a. The occurrence of such local terms asfol.; ; ;'

against pain and Increase of memory,

17. Prayers fol. 235 a ; 18. sickness,;

221

b

is to be inferred that the present work was written after his death. The works most frequently quoted are Tafsir i Mughni, Tafsir i Munir, Tafsir i Zahidi, Tanbih ul-Ghafilin, by Abul-lai Sa-

markandi, Salat i Mas'udi, Wasilat ul-Kulub, Khalisat ul-Haka'ik (Haj. Khal, vol. iii.

;

and Silk i Suluk. The last is, according to 'Abd ul-Hakk, Or. 221, fol. 90, a work of Ziya ud-Din Nakhshabi, who died A.H. 751.'p. 128),

t^J,

,

Jja-

,

etc.,

points

to

India as the

author's country.

the worktions.

to his time, itself affords the following indicaoral teachings of Shaikh ul-Islam

With regard

Add. 23,983.Foil. 169; 7 in. by 3|; 17 lines 2 in. long; written in elegant Naskhi, with five 'Unvans

The

Farid

ud-Dm

are frequently adduced.it

This

Farid ud-Din was himself, as some passages, fol. 15 a, 226friend

b,

appears from 259 a, etc., a

and gold-ruled margins; dated Muharram, A.H. 858 (A.D. 1454).

Baha ud-Din Zakariyya (who died A.H. 661; see Akhbar ulAkhyar, Or. 221, fol. 26), and of Kutb udanddisciple of

Nowganjvol.v.,

Pakpatanp.

;

see the account of Farid Shakar-

by Mohan

Lai, Journal of the As. Soc. of Bengal,

635, and Thornton's India Gazetteer, under

Pauk Putten.

G

42

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.

Five treatises by the Sufi Sa'in ud-Din 'Ali Tarikah Isfahan!, ^yV^iu^ *Jy ^.^ ^^a

^

preters

-

on the value of the word which occurs in the same verse.;

also

(

ud-Din is known as the author of commentaries upon the Fusus ul-Hikam, the Kasidah of Ibn Fariz, and other standard works on Sufism. He held the office of Kazi in Yazd, but, being accused of infidelity, on the strength of some unguarded expressions in his writings, he

Khwajah

Sa'in

Beg.III. Fol. 35.

A

treatise

on three

classes of Sufis,

de-

signated

by the names

of jUi-1

_,

j\j>\

3

^

was conveyed, by order of Shahrukh, to Herat, where he had much to endure from the fierce persecution of the 'Ulama, and died in A.H. 835. See Habib us-Siyar, Add. 6561, fol. 363 Majalis ul-Muminin, Add. 23,541, fol. 296 (where his death is placed in A.H.;

Beg.

jaIt is divided into a

_,

Mukaddimah and

three

chapters (Asl).

IV. Fol. 53.

830)

;

Taki KashI, in the Oude Catal.,vol. vi., p. 8.

p.

27

;

and Haj. Khal.,

iy, which

Sprenger reads Turkah, was, according to the 'Alam-Ara, Add. 16,684, fol. 40, the name of a family of Kazis in Ispahan.I.

Five contests or debates between allegorical personages, namely, Reason and Love, yllaU ^f\ b Jas- ~Z t_A*r^jisfol.

56

;

Fol. 2.

Fancy and Reason, JJifr b j>j j, fol. 95; Fancy and Imagination,6j tjb\j,

fol.

99105

;

A

treatise

on the

letters of

the Arabic

>

j

*.>

JS^U*

,

fol.

;

Hearing and Sight, Lover and Beloved,

alphabet and their mystic meanings.

U*, fol. 113..

Beg.

V. Fol. 131. In the introduction three kinds of lettersaredistinguished,viz.

the

written

^j,

TheBeg.

author's profession of faith.

spoken ^Jati, and mental letters tsy**, the last term applying to letters used as numerical signs. These are separately discussed in three chapters (Asl); in an Appendix (Taznlb), an instance of the application of the system is given by the interpretation of the words

appears from the beginning of this tract that the author addressed it to Shahrukh, inIt

In the concluding lines, the ij^\ -f~ author refers, for further developments, to the work entitled.

answer to the attacks of some 'Ulama, who had impugned his orthodoxy. He ends by begging to be relieved of a professorship inNaishapur to which, after twelve years of seclusion, he had been called, much againsthis will, by the Vazir Fakhr ul-Mulk. adds, in conclusion, that Shahrukh returned

II. Fol. 21.

He

A treatise on the splitting of the moon, mentioned in the Goran, and the meaningattached toit

a nattering answer, and declined to accepthis resignation.

by various

classes of inter-

The author's name does not appear in this MS. but the first four treatises are found;

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.ud-Dm in another volume, Add. 16,839, and there is no reason to doubt that the fifth is from the same hand.ascribed to Sa'in

43for

of

Ahmad Shah Bahmani,historical

whom

he wrote

an

poem

entitled

Bahman Namah.

After his return to his native land he spent the last thirty years of his life in retirement,

Add. 7607.Foil. 226;

and diedlines,

at 82 years of age, in Asfara'in, or, according to others, Asfizar. in

A.H. 866,

9

in.

by 5|; 19

3J

in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with goldruled margins dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1034;

(A.D. 1614).

[01. J. RICH.]

See Daulatshah, Add. 18,410, fol. 204, where the present work is mentioned Habib us-Siyar, Add. 6561, fol. 392 ; Majalis ulMumimn, Add. 23,541, fol. 335 Haft Iklim, fol. 325 Eiyaz ush-Shu'anl, fol. 42; Khizanah;

;

;

" The Pearls of Mysteries," a work treating of the esoteric meaning of various sayings of

'Amirah, Or. 232, fol. 12; Oude Catalogue, pp. 19,70, 315; Hammer, Schone Redekiinste,i

Muhammad:(

p. 300. Firishtah, Add. 6572, fol. 299, gives a full account of Shaikh Azari's life and his

and other holy men.

AuthorBeg.

Shaikh Azari, ^iT

^in the pre-

stay at the Bahmani court, a passage which his translator, Col. Briggs, has omitted with-

^jlS 3

The author givesface, fol.

his

own name:

6

a, as follows

^ J* ^

tj^

^ Js-

out any notice. The author had written, as he states in the preface, on his return from Syria in A.H. 830, a work on the same subject entitled

But

this is probably a clerical error for

for most biographers our author Hamzah B. calling agree 'All Malik, and in the subscription of theJ.frsjv>-

^

J* _)^,

in

present

MS. he appears

as

Jalal

ud-Dm

Hamzah. Azari was born at Marv and brought up in Asfara'in, which his father, a Sarbadar ofBaihak, governed under the rulers of his race. He cultivated poetry from his youth, the month of taking his Takhallus from and attracted Azar, in which he was born,the notice of Shahrukh, who promised him the title of Malik ush-Shu'ara. But he soonto devote himself gave up worldly pursuits, to a religious life under the guidance of Shaikh Muhyi ud-Dm Tusi, and subsequently that of the famous saint Ni'mat Ullah Vali. After performing the pilgrimage he repaired to India, and stayed some time at the court

While staying in India, at the capital of Ahmad Shah Ghazi (i.e. Ahmad Shah Bahmani, A.H. 825838), and preparing to set out on a second pilgrimage, he was appealed to by many friends anxious to obtain that book, and, on his return home, he yielded to their entreaties by writing it over again in a more condensed form, adding to it at the same time some new biographical notices, relating to holy men, which he had is gathered on his travels. The preface dated A.H. 840.

}jd\

-Ala*.

The Jawahir al-Asrarinto

is

divided, like its

books (Bab), viz., prototype, 1. Mysteries of the detached letters in the 2. Mysteries of some Hadis., Goran, fol. 9 b 3. Mysor sayings of Muhammad, fol. 15 bfour; ;

teries of the sayings of the Shaikhs, in prose and in verse, fol. 54 a ; 4. Mysteries of the b. sayings of the poets, fol. 173

Copyist

:

J]^is;

ys

^

This

work

Catalogue, p. 38

mentioned in Stewart's the author's Divan and his

G 2

44

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.Beg.U

Ghara'ib ud-Dunya in the S. Petersburgh Catalogue, p. 399, and the CopenhagenCatalogue, p. 40.

This order, which is here represented as a branch of that of the Sufis, traces its originto All, the Jtj "par excellence,"lines,

Add. 16,820.Foil.

and aims at

52; 9

in.

by 5

;

9

2

in.

moral perfection and practical excellence,

long ; written in fine Nestalik, with TJnvan and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th century. [Wn. YULE.]

Futuwat." The treatise

is

divided into an introduction,

twelve chapters (Bab), and a conclusion. This copy is imperfect at the end it also;

wants the rubrics from"Lawa'ih," a collection of Sufi apoph-

fol.

86 to the

last.

thegms, with paraphrases in Ruba'is. Author Nur ud-Din 'Abd ur-Rahman:

Egerton 1026.FoU. 121; 8| in. by 5; 17 lines, 3 in. long, in a page; written in neat Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, in the reign of

Jami,

^UuiJLJI

. (

J*-}\

iXffr

^.^ tf

(d.

A.H. 898

;

see p. 17 a).

Beg.

jyo >U3 jfj JL/vl4J*is

A$

^ja^\ 1

Muhammad

Shah (A.D. 171949).

The workof which

so called

from the smallv.,

sections headed La'ihah, or " flash of light,"it consists.

See Haj. Khal. vol.

p. 344; Dorn, S. Petersburgh Catalogue, Aumer,Munich Catalogue, p. 21; and p. 252 Biblioth. Sprenger., No. 812.;

A collection of edifying discourses, relatingto the Patriarchs

and Prophets,

to

Muham-

mad,

'All,

and

divers saints, as well as to

of this copy are covered with annotations, written in a minute and neatNestalik, apparently by the same hand as the text, and enclosed in gold lines. Most

The margins

some other

religious subjects.

Author: Saif uz-Zafar Naubahari,

of them are ascribed to a commentator,

named

The author, apparently a SunnI Fakir, states, that he had gathered the contentsfrom the lips of the servants of the faith, in whose company he had spent his life. The

and some to another called:

Copyist

work

is

Add. 22,705.Foil.

(Bab), a table oflines,

divided into thirty-three chapters which is given at the end offirst is

166; 9

the preface; the

in.

by 6f

;

17

3

in.

~

headed cJu-ii A J**

long; written in neat Nestalik, apparently in the 16th century. [Sir JOHN CAMPBELL.],IL\ , [JUaLxj &c\j,

rVL

the last a/c*!^. J*\

,j

i.

djfcjis

A treatise on the character,Futuwat. Author: Husain Kashifi see above, (d. A.H. 910 9;

rules,

servances, of the religious order called

and obAhl i

cJ^ y Jkb. JU3 j v\#* &* The headings of the chapters have been given in full in the Munich Catalogue, p. 58, by Aumer, who calls the author Saif uz-Zafar B. ul-Burhan also by Fliigel, Vienna Cata;

logue, vol.

iii.,

p. 444,

author

is

not named.i.,

Catalogue, vol.,

p.

where, however, the In the Leyden copy, 359, the work is calledSaif

p.

and the author

ud-Dm

Zafar

ASCETICISM AND SUFISM.Naubahari. The latter's name is given as above in Stewart's Catalogue, p. 26.1026,fol.

45

77 b. The first page bears the of " Claud Martin." stamp

The first page of the original MS. is lost, and has been replaced by a spurious beginning.Foil.

Add. 16,834.30;

4i

in.

by 2

;

11;

lines,

If

in.

Add. 5563.Foil.

long ; written in neat Nestalikval,

dated Shav[War. YULE.]

A.H. 1114 (A.D. 1703).

176

;

7f

in.

by 5|

;

12

lines,

4

in.

long, in a page

; written in a cursive Indian character, apparently in the 18th century.

A Treatiseits

on the nature of the soul and

[CHABXES HAMILTON.]

condition after death.

The same work.Beg.

w \j^ThistractItis

consists

of

eight

chapters

page bears the name of a former owner, Robert Watherston.first

The

(Fasl).

followed,break,

fol.

19

a,

without(Bab)

any apparenttreating, inracles,

by a

section

six chapters, of prophecy, mi-

Add. 16,836.by 3f 16 lines, 2| in. written in a cursive Indian character, long probably in the 18th century. [War. YULE.]Foil.;

and:

inspiration,

under the following_,

heading

oU/jijJi)

Ol}**,

Cj# ^Llji i_b

126; 7

in.

;

^^ ^jatiThestates, in

yUb j

etc.

The same work, imperfect. This copy breaks off in the middle of Bab 22 see Eg.;

MS.

Hidayat Ullah Zarrin Rakam, the subscription, that he wrote this in the camp of 'Alamgir, then besiegingcopyist,

Kundanah.

PAESISM.

Roy. 16 B.Foil.

viii.

end of the poem,verse:

fol.

70

a, in

the following

71

;

10

in.

by 6J

;

15

lines,

3|

in.

long; written in flowing Nestalik, apparently in the 17th century. [THOMAS HYDE.]

from which we learn that his father was Bahrain, son of Pazhdu (not Pazdawam, asZaratusht-Namah, also called ZartushtKamah, a translation in Persian verse ofthelife

On his in Eastwick's translation, p. 522). his claim to authorown showing, however,ship is but slight, for, as he tells us a few lines before, fol. 69 b, he merely followed

of Zoroaster, originally written in

Pehlevi.

AuthorBeg.

:

Zartusht

i

Bahrain,

the words,

i.e.

the version, of a learned and

w_

pious man, Ka'us Kai (probably for Kaika'us, which the metre did not allow), son of

" " Historia religionis veterum Persarum, A review of its contents will pp. 328-9. be found in J. Wilson's Par si Religion, Bombay, 1843, pp. 417 427, together with an English translation of the whole work by E. B. Eastwick, pp. 477522. Its substance is found in Anquetil's Vie de Zoroastre, Zend-Avesta, part ii., pp. 1 70, and

notice of this work, with a table of its headings, has been given by Hyde in his

A

Kaikhusrau, of the city of Kai

:

\j

might be supposed that version was in prose, but itIt

thisis

earlier

distinctly

stated in anotherverse, so that

we

in the " Miracles of Zartusht," or Mu'jizfiti

passage that it was in are left in ignorance as to

Zartushti, published in Gujrati

by

Edalji

Darabji, Bombay, 1840. The author gives his name, towards the

the process by which Zartusht made it his own. In the introduction of the poem, fol. 3 a, the same Kaika'us, who there speaks in the first person, relates how he had been

PAESISM.urged to turn this history into verse, first by the learned Mobad, with whose assistance he had read the Pehlevi original, then by adivine messengerhis sleep, lastly his own father.

47

In an epilogue found in the present copy, fol. 70 b, but wanting in the other, as alsoin Eastwick's translation, Zartusht adds that, after completing the present work, he wascalled

who appeared

to

him

in

by the pressing advice of The latter is designated in

upon by a heavenly voice;

to write, as

the following lines as Kaikhusrau, the son of Dara, of an ancient and noble house of

a companion to it, a poetical version of the book of Ardavlraf see Eoy. 16 B. ii. The last five lines, containing a muchlater date, the year

Eai:

853 of Yazdagard, have

himself

U

been added by some transcriber, Mavandad B. Khusrau.

who

calls

jj~&-"

Roy. 16 B.Poll.

ii.

si

J JJ>

wy>i o

This last passage has been curiously rendered by Eastwick, who translates, p. 479: " 'Twas Kujapur the city of my sire."

lines, 3| in. on European Nestalik, long; the same hand as the preceding paper, by MS. dated in the month of Bahman, the year 1047 of Yazdagard (A.D. 1678).;

152

11

in.

by 6^

;

15

written in

;

[Tno. HYDE.]Foil.

an ancient name," etc. thus transferring the poet's birthplace from Eai to some undefined place in India.is

"The house of Kuja

106152.

Zartusht states in the concluding lines, fol. 70 a, that he wrote the poem in thecourse of two days, working at it day and night, in the month of Aban and the year 647 of Yazdagard (A.D. 1277-8):

A

poetical version of the

Viraf,c*'

Book of Ardaiby the same Zartusht B. Bahram,

Beg.

original, Arda-Viraf Namak, has been published, with an English trans-

The Pehlevi

lation

and introduction, by Dr. M. Haug, Another English transBombay, 1872.

JJD

J

recorded, in a somewhat different wording, in another copy, Add. 27,268, fol. 75 ais:

The same date

based upon the poetical version of Zartusht, was printed in London, 1816, under the following title, "Ardai Viraf Nameh, or the revelation of Ardai Viraf,lation, principally

translated

by

J.

A. Pope," but

is

_

w ^bTIt is

sl

Museum Library. the work, derived from Pope's translation, will be found in J. Wilson's Parsi Religion,found in thepp. 435

not to be Abstracts of

(,jlfe

found also in Anquetil's MSS. ZendAvesta, part ii., p. 6, and in Eastwick'stranslation, p. 521.

Spiegel's Traditionelle Literatur der Parsen, pp. 120 128. The

444,

and inis

present version

Zend-Avesta, vol.

mentioned by Anquetil, ii. p. xxxii.; and another

PAKSISM.poetical translation,

Nausari,

is

by Ka'us, Herbad of noticed in the same volume,

volved the Persian empire and the Zoroastrian faith.

p. xxx. See also Ouseley Collection, No. 560. The author's name appears in the follow-

ing

the beginning of the epilogue, fol. 150 a, where he calls himself Zartusht, son of Bahrain, son of Pazhdu, exactly as in the preceding work :line, at

subscription of the MS., from which the present copy was taken, is transcribed at the end. It is here stated to have been

The

completed in Shavval, A.H. 1203 (A.D. 1789), by Pishutan Jiv, son of Hir Ji B. Homjl, of Nausari. This town, twenty miles to the south of Surat, is one of the oldest Parsisettlements in India.

y

b

JSB

jyAJ*

13$

Theon the

first

two leaves contain two notices

The time of composition is not stated, but, both works having one and the same author, their dates cannot be far apart; moreover, as we have seen in the preceding MS., the author proposed to write the story of Ardai Vlraf immediately after completing theZartusht Namah,i.e.,

Namah in English, the first by the second transcribed from the Hindley,"Vlraf

original

MS.

Roy. 16 B. xv.lines, 2| in. written in Nestalik, and dated Mulong;

in the year 647 of

Foil. 65;

Yazdagard. The date of A.Y. 900 (A.D. 1530 1531), which Dr. Haug assigns tothe present versionEssays, p. xix.,is

8i

in.

by 4f

;

15

harram A.H. 1050 (A.D. 1640).

in

his

Introductory

therefore inadmissible.

A

poetical version

of the

[Tno. HYDE.] Sad Dar, or

Transcriber

:

Ju^

^^bxa

Hundredsections

The first part of the volume contains the same text, written in the Zend character, foil. 2 94, and some short notices and extracts in the same writing, foil. 95 105, the detail of which will be found in Prof. Sachau's Contributions to the knowledge of Parsee Literature, Journal of the

Gates, a popular exposition of the Zoroastrian law, so called from the hundred

which:

it

contains.

Author

Iranshah B. Malakshah,

Beg.

olio

_,

ol o

.w^ji-

.lij

Royal Asiatic Society, 1870, p. 279. A fly-leaf at the end contains some Latinnotes, in the handwriting of Tho.

Hyde.

Hyde has given an account, and a condensed Latin translation, of this work, with the text of the Prologue, in his " Historiareligionis veterum see also Spiegel,

Persarum,"

p.

431

488

:

Einleitung in die Literatur

Add. 6940.Foil. 64; 13 in. by 8 ; about 25 lines a page; written by the Rev. John Haddon Hindley on paper bearing in its water-mark the date 1814.

der Parsen, p. 182; Anquetil, Zend-Avesta, Part ii., p. xxxiv..; and Sachau, Contributions, etc., p. 280.

The author gives

namefol.

The same work.This copy has at the beginning nineteen additional verses relating to the conquest of Alexander and the ruin in which it in-

his own and his father's in the following verse of the Prologue, 4 b (Hyde, p. 435).

He

states there that

having been led by

PAESISM.divine will to Kirman, he met there a pious learned and illustrious Dastur, Shahriyar, son of Dastur Ardashir B. Bahramshah, with

49

Roy. 16 B.Toll. 330,

i.

other Dasturs of the

same family,

whom

he enumerates with great praises, stayed in their service, and wrote this version in obedience to their commands. It was completed, he adds (fol. 4 b, Hyde, p. 436, and Eoy. 16 B. i., f. 185), on the sixth day of the month of Isfandarmuz, in the year 864 ofYazdagard (A.D. 1495).

lines, 3| in. on European long; Nestalik, paper, by the same hand as Eoy. 16 B. ii., in the 17th century. [Tno. HYDE.];

11

in.

by 6

16

written

in

I. Poll. 18174 The poetical version of the Book of Ardai-viraf (see Eoy. 16 B. ii.), in the Zend and Persian characters. The Persian is written in red ink under each.

line of theII. Poll.

Zend

writing.

sl_x>

poetical version of the Sad-dar (see Eoy. 16 B. xv.), written also in both characters..

174 i

330.

The

thirty Dars, or sections, are wantin this copy. ing

The last

is

The corresponding date of the Hijrah, 900, expressed by the chronogram :> in thefol.

following line at the end,

65

:

is written: "This booke hard to be procur'd, for when I had very prevailed with the Priest to write it for me, he durst not let his owne cast or sect know of it, but wrote it all in the night, when all

On

the fly-leaf

is

eyes were shut and asleep."

The

original

work

is said, fol.

2

b,

to

have

been compiled in prose, by some great doctors not named, from the Avasta, Zend and Pazend.Poll.

Add. 27,268.98 ; 7i in. by 4|. [Sir JOHN MALCOLM.]I. Poll. 11 lines, 2| in. long; written in Nestalik; dated Surat, in the month of Ardibihisht of the year 1046 of Yazdagard (A.D. 1677).

Roy. 16 B.Foil. 65;

vii.

176;

15 lines, 3 in. long; written in Nestalik, with ruled margins dated Surat, in the month of Ardibihisht, and

9|

in.

by 5

;

;

the year 1043 of Yazdagard (A.D. 1674).[Tuo. HYDE.]

Theheading

poetical version of the

The same work.Copyist:

Zoroaster (see Eoy. 16 B.

History of viii.), with the

is

The person for whom this MS. was written named in the following line at the end:

Copyist

Another MS., Eoy. 16 B. vi., written by the same scribe, A.Yazd. 1042, has a similarcolophonp. 268.;

II.

Foil.

7798

;

11

lines,

3|

in.

long

;

see Sachau, Contributions, etc.,

written in Nestalik; dated Surat, in the month of Bahman of the year 1107 of Yaz-

dagard (A.D. 1738), Jumada

II.,

A.H. 1151.

50

PARSISM.

Add. 24,413.History of the settlement of the Parsis in India, in Persian verse.Foil 94; 8J in. by 6$; 13 lines, 4f in. long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-

Author

:

Bahman, son

of Kaikubad,

^^

Beg.

Amiz, by different hands; dated Bombay, in the months Tir and Khordad, and the year 1179 of Yazdagard, A.D. 1809.[Sir

JOHN MALCOLM.]

English translation of this work by E. B. Eastwick, with notes by the Rev. John Wilson, has been published in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Asiatic Society,given in W. Hamilton's Description of Hindostan, vol. i., p. 613 see also Dosabhoy Frami.,;

An

A collection of Parsi tracts, most of which were composed for Major (afterwards Sir John) Malcolm, by Mobad 'Aidal of Bombay, and are written in the author's own hand.'Aidal,

vol.

pp. 167

191.

An abstract

of it

is

whouo,

calls

himself here,

fol. 31,

jC-

JOj*

^He

4->;

JJy

jee,

"the Parsees," London, 1858, pp. 7

was familiarly known by the name of Edal Diiru, and was the chief priest of the Rasmisect of the Parsis.is

Anquetil, Zend-Avesta, Discours Preliminaire, pp. 318 324; Part ii., p. xxxiv.,;

21

the author of a

life

and

J.

Wilson, Religion of the Parsis, pp.

210213.The author states in the epilogue that his name was Bahman, and his dwelling-place Nausari that his father, Kaikubad, was the;

of Zoroaster in Gujarat!, entitled Mujizat i Zartushti, and published in Bombay, A.D. 1840. He was still alive in 1843. SeeJ.

Wilson, The Parsi Eeligion, Bombay, 1843,Contents:I.

p. 9.

Foil.

118.

The KissahII.),

son of a great Dasturing, Sunjanah.

named Hurmuzyar,his vast learn-

i

Sanjan (see Add. 27,268,:

with the

and surnamed, on account of

heading

completed the present work in the year 969 of Yazdagard (A.D. 1500). He adds that he wrote it down from the records of his ancestors, and that it wascorrected by his master.

He

c^

j\

Copyist

:

J& ^j/ &>

2225. Fragment of a vocaof Zend and Pazend words, bulary explained in Persian. This is the initial portion of the fourth section of the Appendix to the FarII. Foil.

fa

hang

i

Jahangiri.

Both the above works are correctly described in a Persian note on the fly-leaf,dated A. Yazd. 1180 (A.D. 18101811). There is also at the end of the volume an English note of the same date, in which it isstated that these

*U*U, dlijy Pehlevi and words occurring in the Shahnamah. Pazend,.

III. Foil.

3144.

A glossary of the old Persian,\j>jj\*j

Beg. eiJj~

o-li%j

(jsj.li*

j (_>U~,

works were got from Dastur

Kaus

here the second is called "Kessa Senjan, or Story of St. John's." We " This MS. was given read, on the same page, to me by Mr. Duncan." [Signed] J. M. (i. e.;

of

Surat

The author, Mobad 'Aidal B. Dariib, states in the preamble that he compiled this glossary from various dictionaries in obedience to the

commands

of Major Malcolm,

who was very

John Malcolm).

fond of reading the Shahnamah. IV. Foil. 4957. yljj-iji *JU,

The

tract so called in the subscription

was

PARSISM.also

51in

Malcolm

written by Mobad 'Aidal for Major in the year 1179 of Yazdagard. It:

Babagan,

Pehlevi, with:

the(

following

Persian heading

w

l$Jb

j*"'*j

yb^^j^T.

contains the following headings Account of the fire-temple built by Nushirvan, theJust,i>y.

t^ \M

Jjlfr ^Ij^juiiy

*

jjT ^l^-b jlfrT

This MS. has been described by Professor " " Sachau, Contributions etc., p. 280.

Story of the Parrukh Namah, given by the Hirbud Ramish Aram to Abul-Khair Amri. The oath of Nushirvan and his sendingfor the Dastur

Add. 22,378.Poll. 53;

9f

in.

by 6

;

about 16

lines,

Yunan. Account of Marghu-

4

zan, the palace of Nushirvan, which the Khalif Mamun attempted to demolish. Seefor similar accounts Anquetil,

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in Gujarat, in the 18th century.in.

Zend

A vesta,

2nd Part, p. xxxvi., tions etc., p. 263.V. Pol. 61to the68.

and Sachau, Contribu-

fragment of the Bundehesh, namely, chapter xviii. and portions of chapters xix. and xx., in Pehlevi, withI.

PoU.

29. A

interlinear transcriptions in Persian charac-

Visit of

Harun ur-Rashid

ters,

and with Persian paraphrase.

tomb

of Nushirvan the Just, C-o

Beg.

yVf

See Anquetil and Sachau,

ib.

VI. Poll.

6974.

"The assembly

held

II.

PoU.

by Nushirvan, his questions to Yunan, and the latter's answers in admonition, a fragmentin verse, ui-yj w'jjs^y

1017.

The beginning ofjoSi., in

Shi-

w a/ u-Vl>

j&'

kand Gumani Guzar,^^ ^j\* levi and Persian, as above.III. Poll.

Peh-

*\*Beg.

b

1849. A

Zend-Sanscrit-Per:

sian vocabulary, with the heading OU3 jjj U5 ^y* b. It is written in

three columns

;

the

first

contains the

Zend

This fragment agrees in substance, and often in words, with the corresponding portions of a rhymed history of Nushirvan,written about the year 980 of Yazdagard, " by Marzubiin Ravari. See Sachau, Contributions"etc.,

words in the original character, with a Persian transcription underneath ; the second the Sanscrit words in Devanagari, also accompanied with a transcription, on the first page in Gujarat!, and on the others in Persiancharacters; the third, the Persian equivalents. It must be noticed, however, that the

pp.

258263,

282.

VII. Poll.

7784.

A

tract

on the old

second column containsare not Sanscrit at

Persian names of the days and months, and on the festivals of Nauruz, Mihragan, andTirgan, compiled from Pehlevi and Pazend books by Mobad 'Aidal B. Darab, for Major

many words which

Malcolm, with the heading

:

A*~>\

^

all, but only Zend words transcribed in Devanagari. The words are arranged roughly by subjects, but without any division into classes.

IV. Poll. 50

53.

Some remarks on

the

VIII. Poll.

8594. A

history of Ardashir

and on the permutations which they undergo in Zend and in the cognate Persian and Sanscrit words. H 2

Zend

letters

52Beg.

PARSISM.written in Nestalik, on European papei dated A.H. 1226 (A.D. 1811).

described by Professor " Sachau, Contributions etc., p. 282, and Dr. Justi in his Introduction to the Bunby"

This

MS. has been

33

Foil. 1 ft 37 a, Ormazd Yasht, v. 1the text in the Persian character, with Persian paraphrase and commentary.I.;

dehesh, p. 17.

Foil. 39;;

Add. 22,379. 9 in. by 5; 15

Saugand Namah, whicb the oath should be administered, and of theII. Foil.b. *li

37 a

45

AJ^y-, treating of the cases init.

lines,

3|

in.

Indian Nestalik, by the long same hand as the preceding, in the 18thwritten incentury.

forms to be observed in takingBeg. ajiU*jtit\j

jjb

f

_^

Jdo.^

/*>j

^,xj^

III. Foil.

46 a

61

a.

Rivayat, or ordi-

A

Pehlevi-Persian

vocabulary,

without

author's name.

nances relating to the legal obligations and religious observances of the Parsis.

Beg.

o

j

b/'

/IV. Foil. 61 b73b.

A prologueking,

of seven verses, in praise of a

whose name does not appear, is followed by the Pehlevi and Zend alphabets, foil. 2 a 3 a. The vocabulary is written infour columns;

A tract containing

the

first

three contain the

twenty-three maxims, uttered by as many sages, for the guidance of Nushirvan, with the heading

Pehlevi words written respectively in the Pehlevi, Zend, and Persian characters ; the fourth gives the Persian equivalents.

V. Foil. 74 a 81 b. A Persian paraphrase of the Ashem Vohu, with commentary.

arranged by order of subjects in twenty-four sections (Bab), to which are added at the end the names of days and months, the numbers and the numericalItis

VI. Foil. 81 a. The wise sayings of the sage Jamasp, in answer to questions

584

put to him.Beg.5

figures.

apparently the vocabulary which Anquetil's master, the Dastur Diirab of Suis

This

y^J/*

jJ

&>

arranged in alphabetical order, and which has been published in that form by Anquetil, Zend Avesta, vol. ii., pp. 476 526, and rerat,

VII. Foil. 84of Buzurjmihr.

599

b.

Moral teachings

They are in the shape of

produced by Justi in his Dictionary of the Bundehesh. See Sachau, " Contributions "etc., p.

281.first

twenty leaves torn at the bottom.

The

are,

more

or less,

questions and answers, the interlocutors being Buzurjmihr and his master. It is stated in the preamble that the former wrote this tract by desire of Anushlrvan and gave it the name of Zafar-Namah.

Add. 8994.Foil.

139

;

6

in.

by 4

;

8 lines, 2

in.

long ;

VIII. Foil. 100

o104 a. A Persian para-

PAESISM.phrase of the Yata mentarv. v

53distinctly dated, fol. 104 a, has mistaken for that of Yazdagard.it is

Ahu

Vairyo, with com-

whichbeen

IX.

Foil.

104

b

139

a.

Transcriber

The book

of Dadar B. Dadukht, ^bb

(_>^

The same name appears in aonfol.

seal impressed

d5J/It is said in the preamble that the work was written by the Mobadan Mobad, Dadar

73

b,

as

^j^

Add. 26,323.11; 6^ in. by 4 11 lines, 2 in. long; written in cursive Shikastah-Amiz, on English paper water-marked 1809.Foil.;

B. Dadukht, a great sage of the time of Shapur B. Ardashir Babagan, that it was subse-

[WM.I.

ERSKINE.]

quently translated from Pehlevi into Persian by the great master, Jahyad B. Mihraban,

Foil. 2

57

a.

A

portion of the 15th

Fargard of theSadeh),

Jad Dlv Dad (Vendidad

put into more modern language by the Mobadan Mobad, Abu Nasr B. Surushyar. It consists of answers given by Dadar to the questions put to him by some Greekphysicians court by the

incontaining ordinances against fanticide, in the Pehlevi text, with Persian

see paraphrase Part 2, p. 393.;

Anquetil,as follows

Zend Avesta,:

The heading

is

who had beenEmperor

sent to Shapur's who are jj-jjJj^, and

said to have been utterly discomfited by this The quesdisplay of Zoroastrian wisdom.

tions relate to the constitution,

and various

II.

Foil.

7 b

11

a.

Legal

decisions,

functions, of the

body. This MS. has been fully described by Pro" Contributions " fessor Sachau see his etc., The date 1858, however, there 277. p.;

human

extracted from the Eivayat, enjoining on the Zoroastrians the duty of giving Parsi sepulture to the Hindus

whom

they have taken as

assigned to the transcription, is evidently wrong ; for the MS. was purchased for the

children into their service, and brought in their faith.

up

Museum

in 1832.

The

sera of the Hijrah,

A

by

HINDUISM,(Upanishads), which contain their essence. He wished therefore to render these morelines, 3

Add. 5616.Foil.;

345

;

9

in.

by

5

;

15

in.;

accessible,

written in Indian Shikastah-anriz long dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1135 (A.D. 1723). [N. B. HALHED.]

of Mysteries," a transof the Upanishads of the four Vedas lation

"The Mystery

by

Muhammad~

Dara-Shikuh,all!

Beg.

jt

~~J

^,_j\MI-

and as Benares, the great seat of Hindu learning, was then under his rule, he called together the most learned Pandits of that place, and, with their assistance; wrote "himself" the present translation. The task was accomplished, as stated at the end, in the space of six months, and was completed in Delhi, on the 29th of Ramazan, A.H. 1067. A Latin translation of this work has beenpublished with notes by Anquetil Duperron, with the following title Oupnekhat (i. e. Secretum tegendum) opus ipsa in India rarissimum, continens antiquam et arcanam:

Sd

Dara-Shikuh, the eldest son of Shahjahan, was born A.H. 1022. He was put to death by his brother Aurangzib A.H. 1069. The translator states in the preface that,during his stay in Kashmir, A.H. 1050, he

doctrinam e quatuor sacris Indorum libris excerptam, ad verbum e Persico idiomate in

had become a disciple of the great Sufi, Mulla Shah (who died A.H. 1072; see