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CATALOGUE

INDIAN COINSIN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

LONDON

:

PRINTED BY ORDER. OF THE TRUSTEES.

Longmans & Co., Paternoster Row; B. M. Pickering,

66, Haymarket; B. Quaritch, 15, Picc.vdilly ; A. Asher & Co.

13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, and at Berlin;

TRUBNER & Co, 57 & 59 LUDGATE HiLL;

Ai.LEN & Co., 13, Waterloo Place.

Paris: MM. C. Rollin & Feuardent, 4, Rue de Louvois.

1884.

LONDON

:

ntiyXED BY GILBERT & RIVINGTON (LIMITED),

8T. John's squake, cleukenwell road.

THE COINS

OF THE

SULTANS OF DEHLIIN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY

STANLEY LANE-POOLE,B.A., OXON., M.R.A.S.

EDITED DY

REGINALD STUART POOLE, LL.D.

CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.

LONDOX

:

PRLXTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1884.

I7ACX MHia

EDITORS PREFACE.

The Catalogue of Indiau Coins, of which the present volume

is the first instalment, will consist primarily of five volumes,

of which two, those dealing- (i ) with the coins of the so-

called Patau Sultans of Dehli, and (2) with the contempo-

rary issues of the Kings of Bengal, Jaunpur, Gujarat,

and other Arabic coinages, wall be the work of the author

of the Catalogue of Oriental Coins, Mr. Stanley Lane-

Poole, while the earlier series, Greek-Indian and Hindu,

will be comprised in two volumes by Prof. Percy Gardner

;

and I shall myself undertake the description of the currency

of the Emperors of Dehli of the House of Babar.

The general principles upon which the Catalogue of

Indian Coins will be arranged will be similar to those

which have been observed in the Greek and Oriental series,

but the tabular or column-arrangement which was used in

the eighth volume of the Oriental Catalogue will be re-

tained in preference to the open pages of the earlier

volumes of that series, save when the length of the

inscriptions render the open page necessary.

The coins included in the present volume correspond to

Fraehn's Class XYII.

The metal of each specimen is stated, and its size in

inches and tenths of inches. The weight of the gold and

^ 733532

VI EDITOirS PREFACE.

silver examples is given in English grains. Tables for

converting grains into grammes^ and inches into milli-

metres as well as into the measures of Mionnet's scale, are

o-iven at the end of the volume.

A comparative table of the years of the Hijrah and of

the Christian Era has been added with a view to facilitating

reference to the standard works on Indian history where

the European computation is adopted.

Typical specimens are figured in the nine plates, which

are executed by the autotype mechanical process from casts

in plaster.

The work has been written by Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole,

and I have carefully revised it throughout, except in the

ease of the Nagari inscriptions, which have been collated by

Mr. Gardner.

REGINALD STUART POOLE.

INTRODUCTION.

The present volume comprises the coinage of the Sultans

commonly known as the " Patan" or " Pathan^^ King's of

Dehli. With some reluctance I have abandoned this

time-honoured designation, for the reason that the word

Patau is synonymous with Afghan, and most of the

Sultans of Dehli were not Afghans. The founder of

the line of Dehli, Muhammad ibn Sam, was a G/wri

Ticr'kj and his successors, the rest of the first dynasty,

were his Turkish slaves and their offspring. The second

dynasty, sprung from Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah, was com-

posed of Khalji Turks. The third dynasty, that of the

Taghlak-Shahis, was of the race of the Jctis. The fourth

claimed descent fi'om the Arab Husain, grandson of the

prophet Muhammad, and called itself by the sacred title

of Sayi/ids. Indeed, only the fifth and the sixth of the

dynasties into which the kings of Dehli are divided could

properly term themselves Patau or Afghan, inasmuch as

Buhlol belonged to the Lodi tribe of Afghans, and Slier

Shah to the Sur division of the Lodi tribe. Thus, out of

forty Sultans of Dehli, eight alone have any right to be

called Patans or Afghans. If, therefore, the iiame is to be

retained at all in this misleading connection, it can only be

in deference to long-established usage. The gain in con-

venience, however, in thus preserving the appellation, is

surely more than counterbalanced by the historical and

ethnological accuracy which is restored by its abolition.

The series of coins struck by the Sultans of Dehli offer

fewer points of interest and importance than do most of the

currencies of jMuhammadan States. As a rule we may

VI 11 INTRODUCTION.

look upon Miihammadan coins as the surest foundations

for an exact history of the dynasties by which they were

issued. The coins of a Muslim ruler generally go far to

establish those outward data in regard to his reign which

Oriental historians too often neglect or misstate. The year

of accession, the extent of his dominion, his relations with

the neighbouring powers and with the spiritual chief of his

religion, are all facts for which we may look with confi-

dence to his coins. In many of the smaller and less known

dynasties it is hardly too much to say that the coins are

our chief informers. Unfortunately we cannot claim this

importance for the issues of the Sultiins of Dehli. The

history of this dynasty has been recorded in detail by

native writers, to whose statements the coins can add

but little that is new or valuable. Now and again the

coinage may suffice to establish the truth about a dis-

puted date, but such examples of usefulness are rare in the

series. Moreover, owing to the habit with weak rulers,

whose tenure ofpower was unusually precarious, of protecting

themselves behind the aegis of a renowned predecessor, and

issuing their coins in the name of a deceased but revered

Sultcin, it is not always easy to feel assured that the dates

on the coins represent precisely what they profess ; and to

arrange the order and years of the succession by these dates,

without reference to the histories, would create no little con-

fusion. Almost the only piece of historical information which

has been thought to be derived from the coins alone is the

])resumed issue of the piece No. 85 in this volume, by Ntisir-

ad-din Mahmud, the eldest son of Altamsh, during his

father's lifetime. This would doubtless be interesting if it

were established, but the result of a careful examination of the

i'acts has led me to reject, with all diffidence, Mr. Thomas's

attribution. Two sons of Sultan Altamsh bore the title of

Niisir-ad-din ; the elder was governor of Bengal from 624

to t)2r>, wliLU he died: the younger, born in the year of his

INTRODUCTION. 1^

brother's death, became Sultan of Dehli after Mas'ud

Shah, and reigned from 6U to 664. Mr. Thomas ascribes

the coin No. 85 to the short government of Bengal by the

elder Nasir-ad-din, on the ground of the occurrence upon

it of the name of the 'Aljbasi Khalifah Al-Mustansir, who

reigned from 623 to 640. The improbability of the

governor-'s striking coins in his own name, without any

acknowledgment of his father, the reigning Sultan Al-

tamsh, together with the close resemblance between this

coin and those which undoubtedly belong to the younger

Nasir-ad-din, led me to class No. 85 among the latter's

coinage, and to regard the anachronism of the Khalifah s

name as merely an instance of the not un frequent posthumous

use of names on Dehli coins. Since coming to this de-

cision, I notice that Dr. A. F. R. Hoernle* has arrived at

the same conclusion, and has supported his view by some

cogent arguments, the substance of which I here reproduce.

In the first place, no Governor of Bengal, unless he had

thrown off the yoke of Dehli, ever substituted his own

name for that of his master the Sultan. The utmost a

governor might do was to add his name after his master's,

as Yildiz did after Muhammad ibn Sam^s. Secondly, coins

probably struck in Bengal, and clearly dated 624, do not

bear Nasir-ad-din's name. It is evident that when the latter

styles himself Sultan, and puts his own name exclusively on

the coin, he does not do so as a mere governor. Moreover,

the publication by Dr. Hoernle in the same article of a coin

of 'Ala-ad-din Mas'ud, with pi-ecisely the same obverse, in-

cluding the peculiar aJJ and the omission of the article

before Siiltcm, seems to put it beyond a doubt that Nasir-

ad-din copied his obverse from his immediate predecessor,

at first, and that the coin No. 85 was his earliest issue.

Neither the coin of Mas'ud nor No. 85 have any trace of

marginal inscriptions or dates.

• Journal of the Aniatic Society of Bengal, vol. 1., 1881, pp. G2— 65.

fj

INTRODUCTION.

A certain historical value attaches to the joint issues of

Firoz III. and his sons Fath and Zafar, as confirming the

notices of the historians. Firoz "invested his son Fath

with the insignia of royalty in 760, and placed his name, in

conjunction with his own, on the public currency," as Fe-

ri^htah records; and the Egyptian Khalifah Al-Mu'tadid

sent a robe of investiture to the young prince. All this is

confirmed by the inscriptions on the coins, where we find

the names of the Sultan and his son and the Khalifah con-

jointly on all specimens. On the other hand, while the

coins also corroborate the statements of the historians as to

the succession of Zafar, another son of Firoz III., to Fath's

place, on the death of that prince, the value of the numis-

matic data is considerably diminished by the occurrence of

one of those too common instances of posthumous issues

which destroy to some extent the trustworthiness of the

Dehli currency as historical evidence. No. 387 bears the

date 791, when Zafar was no longer alive: and the hy-

pothesis of Mr. Rodgers that it may refer to a sou of

Zafar, who bore the same name, seems far-fetched.

The coinage of the Sultans of Dehli is more valuable from

the point of view of political geography. Mr. Thomas, in

his classical account of the Chronicles of the Pathdn Kings

of Dehli, thus describes the first foundation of the dynasty,

and the beginning of the acquisition of that wide dominion

which reached its greatest extent under the famous

Muhammad ibn Taghlak.

" The later scions of the dynasty of Sabaktagin, driven

out of Ghazni on its sack by 'Ala-ad-din Husain Jahansoz

in A.H. 550, retired to Labor, and had already, in effect,

become domesticated Indian sovereigns ; so that, as Mu'izz-

ad-din pressed down and around them, the occupation of

the more advanced provinces of Hindustan followed as a

natural sequence. Mu'izz-ad-din Muhammad ibn Sara, or

Shiiiab-ad-din as he was called iu his youth, otherwise

IXTIIODVCTION. il

known as Muhammad Ghoii, the founder of the Pathan

dynasty of Dehli, is first noticed in history on the occasion

of his nomination, in conjunction with his elder hrother,

Ghiyas-ad-din, to the charge of a province of Ghor, hy his

uncle, the notorious 'Ala-ad-din Husain Jahansoz. After

the accession of Ghiyas-ad-din to the throne of Ghor, in

558 A.H., Mu'izz-ad-din, acting as his general, suhdued

portions of Khurasan ; and, on the conquest of Ghazni in

569, he was nominated hy his suzerain brother to the

government of that country. From this time his incur-

sions into India commenced : in 571 he conquered Multan;

in 574 he experienced a sanguinary defeat in an expedition

against the prince of Nahrwala ; next, Khusru ]\Ialik, the

last of the Ghazuavis, was assailed, and at length in 5S3

captured by stratagem. In 587, in a more extended ex-

pedition into Hindiistan, Muliammad Ghoii was totally

routed on the memorable field of Thaueswar by the Chohan

leader, Prithvi Raja of Ajmir. After a year's repose, the

disgrace of this defeat still rankling within him, he, on the

self-same battle-ground, again encountered his former

adversary, now supported by the whole force of the country,

the confederated armies of 150 princes. This time fortune

favoured the Ghoris, and a hard-fought field terminated in

the total discomfiture of the Indian host. By this single

victory the Muhammadans may be said to have become the

virtual masters of Hindiistan. The ulterior measures for

the subjugation of the country were of speedy accomplish-

ment, and most of the later additions to the Indian empire

of Muhammad Ghori were perfected by his quondam slave,

subsequent representative in Hindustan, and eventual suc-

cessor on the throne of Dehli, Kutb-ad-din Aibek. Ghiyas-

ad-din, who had long retained little beyond the title of a

king, died in 599 A.H., and shortly afterwards Mu'izz-ad-

din was installed in form. An unsuccessful attempt at

conquest in the north, in itself attended by most disastrous

Xll INTRODUCTION.

results, was succeeded by the revolt of the governors of

Ghazni and Multan : this outbreak, however, was soon sup-

pressed. In the month of Sha'ban, A.H. 602, Muhammad

Ghori was slain in his tent, in the centre of his own camp,

by a band of Gakkars, At his death, the Muslim empire of

India extended generally over nearly the whole of Hindu-

stan proper, Sind, and Bengal. The sovereignty was,

however, held by very exceptional tenures, and was most

indeterminate in its inner geographical limits."*

This wide empire, although it underwent many tempo-

rary retrogressions, gradually advanced in extent up to the

time of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, when, according to the

account of Siraj-ad-din ^Umar of Oudh,f it included the fol-

lowing provinces

:

Dehli. Oudh.

Deogir. Kanauj.

Multan. Lakhnauti.

Kohram. Bihar.

Samanah. KaiTah.

Siwistan (Sehwan). Malwah.

tJchh. Labor.

Hansi. Kalanur.

Sirsuti. Jajnagar.

Malabar. Telingana.

Gujarat. Dwara Samundra.

Badaon.

A reference to the map of India, facing page xvi, will

show the vast extent of the dominion included in these

provinces. But the elements of dissolution are always present

in a huge and disconnected congeries of states. Muhammad

ibn Taghlak, in spite of his extraordinary perversity, was no

ordinary ruler, and he, if any one, had the will and the power

to hold his unwieldy empire together. But the circum-

stances were too strong even for his iron resolution.

* E. Thomas : Chronicles, pp. 10— 12.

f Notices et Extraits, xiii. 170, cf. Thomas, p. 203.

INTRODUCTION.

" The dominion covering- twenty-three provinces, or inde-

pendent nationalities, became, in the very number of its

sections, essentially incoherent. Local feudatories had of

late been superseded by governors appointed by the head of

the state, and the selection of fitting- and trustworthy re-

presentatives was attended by far g-reater rists than of old,

now that the national bond, so effective among- the ruling-

classes under the dynasty of the Turks, had disappeared

amid the dissensions of Turk and Khilji, both of whom had

henceforth to bow to an alien Sultan of curiously mixed

breed. In the Muhammadan distrust of unconverted Hindus,

all manner of foreign adventurers were installed in divisional

posts : these men, having little or no interest in the stability

of the throne, were ever ready to aid any projected rising

or to join with their combined forces any of the more in-

fluential rebels. So that the annals of the period present a

mere succession of outbreaks,—no sooner was one section of

the empire brought back to its allegiance than another

division would seek to assert its independence.

"The Sultan was often obliged to command his own

armies ; and though he was usually victorious, the very fact

of his absence in distant parts encouraged the disaffected

elsewhere. The old proverb, 'Dehli is distant/ found a

new application ; the royal forces were often less near to the

threatened point than the inconveniently situated capital

itself, whose distance from the southern states had already

suggested its supersession by the more central Deogir. Aparallel obstacle to the permanent subjection of the provinces

was to be found in the state of the roads, and the general

insecurity of the country at large, evils that extended to

such an extreme that the tribute of the south was allowed

to accumulate at Deogir, merely because it was found im-

possible to transport it to Dehli, and eventually the whole

treasure was divided on the spot among some temporarily

successful insurgents.

XIV IXTUODUCTION.

"The end of such a state of things might easily be pre-

dicted. The Bengal mints occupied themselves in coining

money for independent rulers ; the Sultan's early triumph,

"Warangol, reverted to its ancient name in the hands of

other masters; Deogir, his chosen capital^ submitted to

Hasan Gangu, the founder of a new race of Kings, the

Bahmani Dynasty of Kulbarga, who were destined to play

a prominent part in the destinies of the country ; and

finally, the owner of so many kingdoms died miserably of

a fever, near Thata, on the lower Indus, with his army,

" like ants or locusts " around him ; and his cousin and suc-

cessor found some diflBculty in getting safe home to the

cherished Dehli, which Muhammad ibn Taghlak had once

done so much to desolate and destroy/'*

Less than fifty years afterwards, the reigning Sultan of

Dehli, Mahmiid ibn Muhammad, was confined to the

capital itself, hemmed in by rival pretenders to the throne

from which Muhammad ibn Taghlak had dispensed his

erratic notions of law to so immense an empire : and after

Timur's invasion, 801 A.H., the kingdom of Dehli was

distributed piecemeal, and Ikbal Khan held Dehli and the

Doab ; Zafar Khan, Gujarat; Khizr Khan, Multan, Dai-

balpur, and Sind; Khawajah-i-Jahan, Kanauj, Oudh,

Karrah, Dalamau, Sandalah, Bahraich, Bihar, and Jaun-

pur; Mahmiid Khan, Mahobah and Kalpi; Dilawar Khan,

Dhar; Ghalib Khan, Samanah ; and Shams Khan, Biana.

Sher Shah for a moment gathered together once more the

fragments of the empire ; but it was reserved for Akbar to

rebuild the fabric in more than its ancient grandeur.

The coins are of some value in tracing the variations in the

empire which thus rose and fell with such astonishing

rapidity. With a view to supplying the data they afford

in the manner most convenient for reference, I have

» E. Thomas: Chivnicle?, pp. 203- 20G.

INTRODUCTION. XV

arranged the known mints of each Sultan in the following

table, including not only the British Museum examples,

but those in Mr. Thomas's Chronicles, and in Mr. C. J.

Rodgers' supplementary papers in the Journal of the

Bengal Asiatic Society, vols. xlix. and li.

TABLE ILLUSTRATING THE EXTEXT OF THEEMPIRE BY THE MIXTS.*

589—602 Muhammad ibn Sam,

Yildiz,

607—633 Altamsh,

634—637 Riziyah,

637—639 Bahram Shah,

639—644 Mas'ud,

644—664 Mahmud I.,

664—686 Balban,

686—689 Kai-Kubad,

689—695 Firoz II.,

695 Ibrahim I.,

695—715 Muhammad Shah I.,

716—720 Mubarak I.,

720 Khusru,

720—725 Taghlak I.,

725—752 Muhammad ibn Taghlak, Dehli, Satgaon, Sondr-

gdon, Agrah, Tagh-

lakpur(i.e.Tirhut?),

Daulatabad and Yi^o-

gir, Sultanpur, (i.e.

Warangol,) Lakh-

nauti (i.e. Gaur).

* Mints in the National Collection are printed in roman letters; those

from Mr. Thomas's ChroiiirUs, in italics; while those from Mr. Rodgers'.

papers are printed in small capitals.

Ghazm, [Kanauj,] Pe-s/iavjar, Farwan.

Ghazni.

Dehli, ]\Iultan,Narwar?

Lahor?

Lakhnauti.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli.

Dehli, DeSffir.

Dehli, Kutbdbdd (i.e.

Dehli ?).

Dehli.

Dehli, Deogir, Talang.

xvi

INTRODUCTION. XVU

ance of Jaunpur as the second mint of Bulilol is interesting-

when it is recollected that it was this Sultan who re-annexed

Jaunpur in 893 after it had been independent for a

century.

It will be noticed that the names of several of the

Sultans are absent from the preceding table. This is

owing- to various causes; Aibek, for instance, is not known

to have struck any coins at all ; Abu-Bakr, Sikaudar II.,

Ibrahim II., etc., issued coins without stating the names

of the mints ; while Daulat Khan Lodi and Khizr Khan,

in the general confusion which accompanied the invasion of

India by Timur, preferred rather to trade upon the traditional

credit of their predecessors than to make any demands upon

the peojjle's trust in their personal solvency, and thus issued

their coins in the name of Firoz III. or Muhammad III., the

mints of which issues cannot be held to offer veiy trustworthy

evidence of the extent of their strikers' dominion, which,

however, we know from other sources to have been limited

to a small district immediately surrounding Dehli. Neither

of these two puppets was a king in any real sense, and to

such, "it mattered little whose superscription was placed

on the public money,—his duty was confined to authorising

the legality of the new issues by so much of his attestation

as was implied in the annual date recorded on the reverse,

... a system, indeed, which the East India Company,

of their own free will, imitated with much credit and

simplicity by striking their rupees in the name of Shah

'Alam and other defunct monarchs of Dehli, whose money

had of old obtained good repute in the local bazars. But

as the progressive annual dates, which were needed to test

the good faith of Oriental princes, came in process of time

to be a source of confusion and an opportunity for money-

changers, the Government adopted the expedient of select-

ing the best current coin of the day, and based their

standard upon its intrinsic value; and so the immutable

c

Xviii INTRODUCTION.

date of ' the xix san (year) of Shah 'Alam ' came to figure

upon our much-prized ' Sicca Rupees.' "*

The chief importance of the coinage of the Sultans of

Dehli lies in its bearing upon the currencies of India. It

is before all things a series which attracts the metrologist.

Any one who has studied Mr. Thomas's elaborate examina-

tion of the relations between these issues and the ancient

Indian metric system will understand the value of the

coinage of Dehli in this respect. I do not propose to re-

capitulate here the results of Mr. Thomas's researches^

which are easily accessible in his Chronicles ; but a sketch

of the principal developments of the coinage is necessary

to a due appreciation of the various pieces described in the

following pages.

In considering the general character of the Dehli series,

we must set aside the introductory issues of Muhammad

ibn Sam and his lieutenant Yildiz, which are not only

of very uncertain weights, but obviously indicate an

attempt to carry on the Muhammadan system of large

dirhams. The conqueror of Hindustan readily recognized

the fact that it was not to such issues that he must resort

in his dealings with his new Indian subjects. From time

immemorial the staple of the currency in the northern

provinces of India had consisted of small copper and hillon

(silver and copper) pieces, which later on came to be known

from the locality as Behl'mdls. These, stamped with the

traditional religious emblems, the Bull of Siva and the Kabul

or Chohan horseman, would inevitably form the models upon

which an adapted coinage must be based, if it were to obtain

favour in the eyes of a conservative people. Accordingly,

Muhammad ibn Sam issued Dehliwals, with these emblems

and his own name inscribed in Nngari or Hindi characters

* E. 'I'luiiiiJis : r/()v;>/,V^(S, pp. 329, 330 ; Iiiti'rnatluiial Numismata Orien-

talhi, vol i, jiart 1, Ancient Indian We'ujhts, p. 53 /".

INTRODUCTION. xix

of a rude type. So closely did he imitate the style of

the preceding local coinage, or so scrupulously did he avail

himself of the services of the old moneyers, that it has been

found possible to attribute many of his coins to mints whose

names are not recorded upon their surfaces, by indications

of style and treatment of the devices. Similar reasons

induced him to preserve, though only for a short time, the

peculiar gold issues of Kanauj, with a rude figure of the

goddess Lakhshmi, adding his name in Nagari. The billon

Dehliwals, which for convenience are headed " Copper "

in the present volume, retained their old important posi-

tion in the currency of Hindiistan through the greater

part of the duration of the dynasty founded by Muhammadibn Sam. They underwent various modifications, especially

in the substitution of Arabic for Nagari inscriptions ; and

there are minor differences in the form and position of the

Bull Nandi and the Horseman, which have been noted. Butthe main fact, that a billon currency formed the staple of

exchange in Hindustan, is undisturbed. Muhammad ibn

Sam^s conquests " were always associated with an adapta^

tion, more or less complete, of the local currency ; hence

we find the peculiar type of the Ghori Horseman retained in

its own locality ; the distinctive Kurman outline [upright

posture] of the Bull of Siva maintains its identity throuo-h

succeeding foreign dynasties ; . . . Ajmir, Dehll, Multan,

and Sind, each preserved, but little modified, a Tuo-hra

outline of the early device of the first Brahman Kino-s of

Kabul,—the Cavalier with the reverse of the Sacred

Bull/'*

Side by side with this native coinage, a new and charac-

teristic issue was introduced by Altamsh in the early part

of the seventh century of the Flight. This was the silver

* E. Thomas : Chronicles, p. 36.

XX INTRODUCTION.

Tankah, which held its place as the standard silver coin to the

end of the dynasty, and was so much approved that a gold

Tankah, of equal weight, was added by Balban in the same

century, which retained its position, with a brief interrup-

tion, for more than a century,^-until, in fact, the precarious

tenure of power by the Sultans of Dehll rendered any

is§ue of gold coins incompatible with the state of the

treasury. The Tankah, silver or gold, should weigh

175 grains, and the existing specimens bear out the esti-

mate with tolerable accuracy. Seventy-five silver Tankahs

in the British Museum, from Altamsh to Taghlak Shah I.,

weigh collectively 12,550 grains, or a trifle over 166 grains

apiece, which, allowing for wear and sweating, is a fair

average. None of these 75 pieces fall below 161 (indeed only

two fall below 163 grains), and some reach the weight of 171.

The gold show an even better average, for 21 specimens in

the British Museum, from Balban to Taghlak Shah I., weigh

collectively 8526 grs., which gives 167Yy as the weight of

each, or just under 16S grs. One of these goes as high as

173, and only one falls below 164. Thus from the begin-

ning of a regular silver coinage under Altamsh, about the

year 632 of the Hijrah, to the time of Muhammad ibn

Taghlak, A.H. 725, the Tankah was the standard of cur-

rency in the empire of Dehli.

With Muhammad ibn Taghlak begins a series of innova-

tions, which, although they were not destined to last long,

introduced in their brief duration many curious and novel

features into the currency of Hindustan. Muhammad Shah

is stated to have had some such change in contemplation

with regard to the Tankah as Muhammad ibn Taghlak

eventually carried into effect. He was anxious to strike a

new Tankah of 140 grains, in order to pay his Sijiahis, or

Sepoys, with as little expense as possible. This was the

precise reduction which Ibn Taghlak effected. His new

INTRODrCTION. XXI

'AclUs, or " equItalDle [coins]," as tliey were called,* for

no very obvious reason, weig-lied 140 grains, and from

A.H. 725 to 730 the new standard obtained throughout

his empire. The British Museum specimens range from 137

to 151 grs., and give an average of 141 grs. In a,h. 730, how-

ever, Muhammad ibn Taghlak thought better of his reform,

and other coins of that year maintain the old weight of 169

(for 175) grs. Simultaneously he had attempted an altera-

tion in the standard of the gold Tankahs, which he raised to

200 grs., as witness the pieces of 197, 19S, and 199 grs. in

this volume. But this change was even more short-lived

than that in the silver; it began in A.H. 726, and already in

729 and 730 the old Tankah of 175 grs. is again repre-

sented by gold pieces weighing 168, 169, and 171 grs.

But the most remarkable of all Muhammad ibn Tagh-

lak's monetary enterprises was the attempt to introduce a

forced currency of brass at the value of the Tankah. Such

attempts at a fiduciary coinage had before been made

b}' Oriental sovereigns. Khubilai Khan, the Mongol em-

peror of China, had succeeded in perfecting a very convenient

paper currency in the Celestial empire ; and the Mongol

Ilkban of Persia, Gai-khatu, with very different motives,

had endeavoured to force a paper money upon his Persian,

subjects ; but the strenuous resistence he encountered

made an end of the fraud and of his own sovereignty.

Muhammad ibn Taghlak's forced currency was of a different

order. It was chiefly of brass, and the state of the treasury

seems to havejustifiedanysystem of nominal values,inasmuch

as Ibn Taghlak could easily have redeemed the whole issue

at the nominal prices. Indeed, when, after about three years,

(730—732,) the trial proved unsuccessful, in consequence

of innumerable imitations, against which the Sultan had

organized no regal protective marks, Muhammad ibnTao-hlak

* The name occurs on the coinage itself.

XXU INTEODUCTION.

took up tlie whole brass currency, g-enuine and forged alike,

at the values for which they were intended to pass. In

such circumstances there can be no question of dishonesty

on the part of the ruler. That he anticipated some reluc-

tance on the part of his subjects to accept the brass currency

as equivalent to the silver Tankah may be seen from the

character of the legends with which the new coins were in-

scribed:—,j-o«-^)t cllal J.AS ^UaJU.)! clJat ^^ "Whoso obeys

the Sultan obeys the Compassionate/' \^a.^io\^ aii\ \^s^io\.

Laxj ^^,ASu ^_^U)I J.£» ^UaA,-JI ^)^ *^) ^,^:ij^ j.^*^\ fJ$\^ ^J^J.l\

" Obey God and obey the Prophet, and those in authority

among you : sovereignty is not conferred upon all men ; some

of them (precede) others ;" etc. At the same time, while thua

appealing to the Koran for the inculcation of obedience to the

powers that be, Muhammad ibn Taghlak was careful to let

the people understand for exactly how much the new piece

was intended to pass. Thus we find the inscription j^^^^^sJ jL<.a»^ jtj j4.«1 ^J^ j^^J3j j> ;?-5lj aCC> " Sealed as a Tan-

kah current in the reign of the slave hopeful [of grace] Mu-

hammad [ibn] Taghlak/' and again ^<j^ *'»"*ia^ jti^^."*.

r-J^ }^J3j )i " Sealed as a Tankah of fifty Kanis,^' or Ganis,

etc. ; or j^aj^l *->^ " Struck [as] the fourth; ^jZJ\j^^ji\

" The legal dirham," j^^JI " The half-piece ;" c-^ Jj^^\^ "Good [for] eight Kanis," or ^A^ 33 ajC^ " Money

of two Kanis/' and finally ^JUu ^JUI JJUj. " A Chital

equal to one Kani :" but these varieties are not all repre-

sented in the National Collection, In Mr. Thomas's

No. 201, I read dS.-^ not aCJ.

In order to understand what these denominations mean,

we must consult Mr. Thomas's * table of the Currency

during the reign ofMuhammad ibn Taghlak, here subjoined

with some modifications in the arrangement.

* Chronicles, p. 219.

INTRODUCTION. XXll

MUHAMMAD IBX TAGHLAK'S CUREEKCY.

Tankah.

XXiv INTRODUCTION.

The piece marked 8 Kanis weighs 53 grs., which is neither

an eig-hth part of 136 nor a 6^ part, taking the two vakies

of the old and new Tankahs (64 and 50 Kanis) into con-

sideration. If the 136 brass Tankah is meant to equal

50 Kanis, the 8 Kani piece should weigh about 21 grs. Or

if the brass Tankah of 136 grs. is intended to represent the

old Tankah of 175 grs., the 8 Kani piece should follow a

similar reduction in weight, and should hardly exceed

17 grs. Again, on whatever principle we accommodate

the 8 Kani piece to the Tankah, it is impossible to give a

satisfactory account, on the weight system, of the Du-kani

piece, which weighs 25 grs,, instead of 13, as it should if

it is to bear any relation to the 8 Kani piece. Then there

is a unique CMfal of copper, equal to 1 Kani, but weigh-

ing no less than 74 grs., which must upset all calcula-

tions. Nor is it easy, on the principle of a uniform scale

of weights, to explain the pieces of 112 and 55 grs., which

Mr. Thomas suggests may be 40 and 20 Kanis. Why should

a 20 Kani piece weigh only 2 grs, more than an 8 Kani

piece ? A remarkable Birham Sliar'i, " Legal dirham,"

also appears in the series, which comes up to 80 grs., which

no legal dirham ever did; while the Nisf^ or halt'-dirham,

(as Mr. Thomas terms it,) weighs no less than 103 grs.

I do not quote these weights under any impression that Mr.

Thomas has ever sought to prove that the brass coinage was

strictly adjusted to a regular scale of weights corresponding

to those of the silver coins they were intended to supplant

;

indeed a remark of his (on p. 248) shows that he is per-

fectly alive to the discrepancies in the scale of weights;

but I am anxious to state clearly that any deduction

from the weights is likely to be fallacious, inasmuch as

the closest examination reveals no system or graduated

scale whatever. The lower denominations were lighter than

the higher, and that is, I believe, all that can be formulated

about them on the subject.

INTRODUCTION. XXV

Another carious feature in the currency—not the forced

issues—of this " Prince of Monejers " is the striking of

gold and copper coins in the sole name of the contemporary

Khalifah of Egypt, thefaineant representative of the once

powerful house of 'Abba^!. The only parallel instance in

the Dehli series is the remarkable coin of Altamsh^ No. 35,

where only the Khalifah Al-Mustansir's name appears in

the inscriptions.* From the earliest issues of the Sultans

of Dehli, the spiritual lords of the Muslims were never

neglected. Muhammad ibn Sam put the name of the

reigning Khalifah of the yet surviving dynasty of

Baghdad upon his silver coins, while the Nagari letters

W{ frfti;:, Sri Ilainirah, may perhaps stand for ^*.;^^1 j.A.«t

Amir al-uiu-iniiiin, as the occurrence in the same position

of the form^ ^^^^j Sri ShalipJia, i.e. Al-Khalifak, seems to

show; though Sri Haniirah might of course equally well

represent ^^-^/«iO' simply, and refer to Muhammad ibn Samhimself. From the time of Muhammad ibn Sam to that of

Firoz II., the names of the 'Abbasi Kiialifahs of Baghdad

appear regularly on the gold and silver coins; and even so

late as G95, forty years after the forcible destruction of

the Baghdad Khalifate and the murder of Al-Musta'sim

by Hiihigu, the name of this ill-fated Pontiff is seen on

the coinage of Dehli. At last, however, the Sultans of

Hindustan seem to have realized that there could be little

spiritual benefit in retaining the name of a Khalifah who

had been dead for forty years, and accordingly from the

accession of Ibrahim I. the coinage does not record the

name of the Khalifah, but inscribes only a bare reference

to his existence, in the Sultan's title Ndsir Amir-al-mu-

mhiin, to which Muhammad I. added the title of Yamin

al-Khilafah.

The next alteration took place under Mubarak Shah I.,

* E. TliOiuas, Chronicler, p. 4G.

XXVI INTRODUCTION.

who, alter beginning' with the stereotyped Ndsir Aniir-

al-imi-minin of his predecessors, assumed the dignity

of Khalif'ah himself, in the style j.^a\ <xX)\j ,JJI^)I

y^*j.^^\, in 717, adding such other improvements as

j^*«Jl»!l wJ; AAAJla., aJL)I AijJii. and terming Dehli the

"Abode of the Khalifate/' Dar al-Khilafah. Khusru Shah

styled himself O-s*-*!-*^' >£•*' ^5^' ^^^ Taghlak Shah I. re-

turned to the old form of Nasir Amir-al-mu-minin. Then

his son Muhammad introduced the crowning acknowledg-

ment of the Egyptian Khalifate when he struck coins in

which he omitted all mention of himself, and substituted the

inscription '' This Klialifati dinar was struck ... in the

time of the Imam Al-Mustakfi,"" the then reigning ^Abbasi

Khalif'ah of the restored line in Egypt. It was not apparently

until this period, more than eighty years after the revival

of the Khalifate in Egypt under the Mamluks, that the

Sultans of Dehli became aware of this restoration ; and Mu-

hammad ibn Taghlak certainly spared no pains to empliasize

the discovery. After his brief issue of purely "Kha-

lifati''^ coins, in gold and copper, in the middle of the eighth

century of the Flight, the name of the reigning Egyptian

Khalif'ah api^ears regularly upon the Dehli mintings, in

conjunction with that of the Sultan, until A.H. 795; after

which year the monarchs of Dehli seem again to have

become uncertain as to the names of the successive Kha-

lif'ahs, and therefore contented themselves with simply

inscribing the fact that there was a Khalif'ah of some name

or another, without seeking to indicate his precise titles.

The forms, " In the time of the Prince of the Faithful,"

^j.Loj^lj-^1 ^x>j ^, or ^' The Khalifah [is] the Prince of

the Faithful,''' retained their place on the coinage until the

time of Sher Shah, with the variation of JSVi'id Amir-al-mu-

minin. Sher Shah abolished the style of Khalifah altogether

from the coinage, with a due sense of historical accuracy,

since the Egyptian Khalifate had by then been absorbed by

INTRODUCTION. XXVU

the Sultans of Turkey, and the Sultan of Dehli could not be

expected to understand that the spiritual power thus trans-

ferred ought to be recog-nised in so remote a region as

Hindustan. Slier Shah^ however, upheld the character

of the Dehli coinage for Sunni orthodoxy by inserting the

names and epithets of the first four Khalifuhs, Abu-Bakr,

^Umar, 'Uthman, and 'All, and the example was followed

by his successors to the close of the dynasty.

After the reign of Muhammad ibn Taghlak the coinage

of the Sultans of Dehli greatly deteriorates. Only eight

gold Tankahs are found in the British Museum collection

after this monarch, and of these but one is later than

FIroz III., his immediate successor. The specimens in

question are of the old weight of 167 to 170 grs. The

silver also becomes greatly diminished. AVith the excep-

tion of a few posthumous silver Tankahs, struck chiefly by

Khizr Khan in the name of Muhammad III., about 817,

no silver coins occur in the British INIuseum between the

death of Muhammad ibn Taghlak and the accession of Slier

Shah, an interval of nearly 200 years. Sher Shah and his

successors abolished the hlUon coinage, which had absorbed

almost all the exchange of India, and restored the silver

Tankah in its original weight of about 175 grs. The

specimens in the Museum fall little below this figure.

The inscriptions on the coins of the Sultans are unusually

monotonous. Save in the phenomenal issues of Mu-

hammad ibn Taghlak, the religious inscriptions are of the

commonest order, and there are not many even of these.

A few peculiar forms may be noticed : e.g., the complete

form of the Profession of Faith pi aJDI -n)! A)l^) J^ ji^l on

260-^263; \^\ ji^A^ ^^\ ^W^ (Kur. xxxv. 15); \^aJa\

^Ul J£9 ^UiuJI ^)^_ ^) Jj^ y>'^)\ ^313 J>wjJI l^xJ*!^ aJUI

\Js.su ^S.ATLi (partly from Kur. iv. 62); and the benedictory

formulas ajIAjj aJUI jljl, njaJ^ ^^\ and dJ'iJ^j dJ^iU? aXII Jj^.

The titles of the sovereigns of Dehli are as monotonous as

XXVm TNTRODIICTION.

their religious legends. They are all "Sultans," and, after

BMhram, ''Shahs" also, and the almost universal epithet they

add to exidt the former title is ^ia.£.^\. Down to the time

of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, they hardly ever varied

this formula, although Muhammad ibn Sam himself, when

under his brother's suzerainty, began with the variety of

^ka^l. Original in his titles, as in everything else, Mu-hammad ibn Taghlak abandoned the cherished epithet,

which Taghlak I. had already shaken by his occasional

substitution of the epithet jj;jUJI. Muhammad his son

began his gold coinage with a posthumous coin in memoryof his father, bearing the unprecedented series j.*yiJl j^^si-JI

(jjUH. This he followed by various new titles, such as

aAJI J.-s^w ^ »>.*,U^I, ^f^jJJ\ dJJt a^^efcj ^_5«^I;.M, and the

Persian jlj^.-jt 6^^, representing the Arabic ^ef.\^\ a*aJl.

After his time, the old formula returns once or twice,

chiefly on posthumous issues in the name of Muham-mad III.; but as a rule the later Sultans of Dehli

were satisfied with the simple epithet, inaugurated byFiroz II. (who also styled himself ^Jhji J^^j Jj'>^')

of ^LkJ-^, Sidfani or As-SuUdni, with " Lieutenant

of the Prince of the Faithful," ^i:^y^)\ j.^\ y.^5U, not

unfrequently added. The Lodis abolished this title and

called themselves ^-o^jJ ' 1^5^^ J^>V I; and Sher Shah

and Islam Shah adopted the style of J^Ult ^IkJLJt; or,

on the copper issues, the very peculiar formula ,^laJI ^i^^)!

jLJjJS o-i^^ (or ,^«£3la^)l). Added to the first title are

generally a lakab, such as Nasir-ad-din, and a hivj/aJi,

which is universally Ahu-l-Miizaffar, whenever there is a

kunyah at all, except in two cases when it \s Jhi-l-Miijd/tid.

Nasir Amir-al-mu-minin is, as has been said, a commonaddition to these titles, from Altamsh to Muhammad I.,

and on the coins of Taghlak I. " Sword of the Prince of

the Faithful,'' (j.*-u>3-oJt j^^\ \Ji^, occurs on the coinage of

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

c

Fir6z IT., as does the form ,j-^^l j^\ w-5U, which

remains in use to the time of ]\rubarak IT. The one

Queen of the line, Riziyah ibnat Altamsh, used the

form ^J..;^^\\ j^\ oj^. So at least the specimen in

the British Museum reads, and this is confirmed by a

specimen described and eng-raved by Dr. Hoernle in the

Journal of the Beng-al Asiatic Society (1881). Mr. Thomas

has read yj.J^^^] j^\ 5j^^ from another example. The

only other titles of importance occurring' on the coins

under i-eview are those of Muhammad T., ^*<fj ^^^l' jJJSL,\

<li^l^;JI; of Mubarak I., ^UjJI jj.xii^\, ii'^UJI ^a<>j, soon

changing" to ,j-mU^I J.A.45I dJJb Jj\^\ . . .^la.s.^)l>aU'^)l, and

Khusrii Shah's ,^j.fJ^^\ j^\ ^J^ ^.<,A.ji\ j,<aXj (JjI^I, where

Mr. Thomas has read . . . j.Asi~i ipt^ll, which is not con-

firmed by any specimen in the British Museum.

The orthog-raphy of the name "Altamsh '' demands a

few words. I have followed Mr. Thomas in retaining the

most usual spelling : but there can be no doubt that it is

not the most accurate representation of the original Turki,

whatever the meaning of that original may have been.

There is generally a single stroke after the O, and not

infrequently another before the J : so that the complete

form would seem to be (^-frlibl tl-tutmish. The Nagari

transcript f^ffffiTf^f^ Lititimisi agrees tolerably well

witb this restoration ; and the meaning of Il-tutmish,

'Hand-grasper/ ' Supporter,' ^ Upholder/ is sufficiently ap-

propriate. Mr. Redhouse, however, on the authority ot

Ahmad Wafik Pasha, suggests an alternative reading in

^.(^A, from ^l<^lLil, ' to convey,-* 'carry off,' ?.e., 'the

kidnapped,^ or slave who was 'carried off:' and adds that

it might also be taken in the active sense, as meaning the

'carrier off^ or ravisher (of the heart).

There are many points that might here be raised with

regard to the origin and localization of the Brahmanical

emblems and symbols, and the peculiarities of Nagari

palaeography as exhibited on the coins : but these will

^XX INTRODUCTION.

more appropriately be considered ia the volume of the

Indian Catalog-ue which will treat exclusively of the Hinducoinages.

I have already indicated two or three small matters in

which I have been compelled reluctantly to differ from the

opinion of Mr. Thomas, and it is necessary to enumerate a

few more such minor differences. When there is merely a

question as to how much of an undisputed inscription is

legible, I shall not here discuss what is only an affair

of eyes and microscopes. The rejection from the pre-

sent volume of Mr. Thomas's No. 7 requires, however,

some explanation, inasmuch as the coin exists in the British

Museum. I reject it, because I am convinced that it is not

a coin of Muhammad ibn Sam at all, but of one of the

Ghaznawis, probably Khusru Malik. The fabric alone, I

think, shows it is no fellow to the issues of Muhammad ibn

Sam, and the inscription, as I read it, confirms the rejection.

No. 120 of the Clironicles, which is the same coin as No. 138

of the ])resent volume, bears, according to Mr. Thomas, the

date 6S0, which he adds is " clearly an error," with which

I must concur, since I can only make it 695. Mr. Thomas's

No. 121 presents a slight displacement of the inscriptions in

i\\e Chronicles, for the word j.*.«l should be in the middle line.

In his No. 146, Mr. Thomas reads Dar-al-Khilafah, where I

find Dar-al-Mulk, but the two may not be of precisely the

same issue. On the coins described under No. 297 by Mr.

Thomas,Ican find nodistinct trace of the mint-name he gives.

On p. 51 of this catalogue will be found a foot-note in which

I venture to dissent from Mr. Thomas's reading of a posthu-

mous coin of Taghlak I. The rejection of the presumed date

on the reverse at once removes Mr. Thomas's No. 158 to the

side of his No. 178, as a posthumous, and not as he supposed a

contemporary, issue of that Sultan. The ixiXQ Ash-Shahid

alone is, I think, enough to prove that Taghlak was dead

when the coin was struck, for I cannot recall an instance of

so very significant a title being assumed by a living king.

ll.TUODUCTrOX. XXXI

I may add, in referonce to No. 73 in this volume, that I

can find no trace of the aJJL> and j^e>. Dr. Hoernle refers to

in the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society (1881).

In the arrang-ement of posthumous coins, as well as in

some other minor details of order, I have departed from the

pattern which is set, generally with excellent judgment, in

the Chronicles. I class the posthumous coins under the king

whose name they bear, and give a cross-reference in the place

where they should come if the order were strictly chronological.

The matter is merely a question of convenience; and I fonnd

that the coins were more clearly described and more easily

compared in this order than if they had been placed where

their dates demanded. Instances of this arrangement will

be frequently met with in this volume, and the student must

not be deceived by the classification into the belief that the

Sultans enjoyed preternaturally long reigns. By a contrary

principle to that which prompted the issue of posthumous

coins, Nos. 410—412 in this catalogue were struck by Mu-

hammad III. before he actually became Sultan, when he was

associated with his father Firoz III. in the government.

It would have been better if I had indicated this circum-

stance in the heading.

As coins, without reference to their historical or geogra-

phical or other relations, those of the Sultans of Dehli are

singularly fine. Especially beautiful are the clear-cut gold

issues of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, where the smaller su])er-

ficies enabled a better impression to be struck with the die.

But the chief test of a coinage is rather in the assay than

in the calligraphy, though the latter is not to be despised

upon Muhammadan coins, where the finer departments of

the engraver^s art could not be allowed free s'cope. Mr.

Thomas has given some details of assaying experiments

with the coins of Dehli, and the result in the higher

metals shows great regularity. Muhammad I.'s gold, for

example, had a fineness of 94"2, and Firoz II.^s of 94'5.

More interesting are the assays which Mr. Thomas had

XXXll INTRODUCTION.

made in India of the billon coinage, by the usual native

process of blowing- off the copper with lead. The following

are some of his results :

—

Twelve of Nasir-ad-din Mahmud's dehUwdls, with a collec-

tive weight of 584 grs., produced 149 grs. of silver,

or 12"14 (nearly jth) apiece.

Various specimens of Firoz III., [Chronicles, No. 228), weigh-

ing from 131'5 to 141 grs. each, contained irregular

proportions of silver, ranging from 12 to 24 grs. apiece.

Four coins of Buhlol LoJi, weighing about 140 grs. each,

gave gr., 15'3 grs., 14 gvs., and 6*7 grs., silver.

The average silver in the coins of Sikandar ibn Buhlol,

from an assay of over thirty, was 5*64 in each

piece, of an average weight of about 140 grs. each.

The subjoined tables of the genealogical relations

of the various princes whose money is described in this

volume, together with the map of mediaeval India, will be

useful to the student of this dynasty in its connection with

the history of India at large.

In conclusion, I am glad to have this opportunity of

expressing my thanks to Mr. Edward Thomas, not only for

the assistance which eveiy student of the coins of the Sul-

tans of Dehli must derive from his learned and exhaustive

Chronicles, but also for the kindness with which he has per-

mitted me to examine his own annotated copy of that work,

and has read the proof-sheets of this Introduction. I am also

much indebted to Professor Percy Gardner for his super-

vision of the Nagari inscriptions included in this volume,

to Mr. Redhouse, Dr. Stickel, and MM. Tiesenhausen and

Sauvaire, for various suggestions ; while to the Keeper of

Coins, in his minute and scrupulous revision of every line of

the work, I owe many valuable corrections and improve-

ments.

STANLEY LANE-POOLE.

Richmond, Nov. 24, LSC4.

7i^^M̂^^r

( xxxiii )

i-S "c

_J

( xxxiv )

P

O

a

•-6

rfl

( XXXV )

T3a

( xxxvi )

IV. FOUETH DYNASTY.

28. Khizr Khan Sayyid

29. Mubarak Shah ii. Farid

30. Muhammad Shah iv.

31. 'Alim Shah

V. FIFTH DYNASTY.

32. Buhldl L6M

33. Sikandar ii.

34. Ibrahim ii.

( xxxvii )

-:3

02

Q

w

"S

( xxxix )

TABLEOF THE

METHOD OF TRANSLITERATION ADOPTED IN

THIS CATALOGUE.

1

CONTENTS.

xlii CONTENTS.

PAGE

Thied Dynasty 50

Ghiyas-ad-din Taghlak Shah I. . . .50Muhammad II. ibn Taghlak . . . . 56

Forced Cui-rency ... . . 63

Coins struck in the name of the 'Abbasi

Khalifa hs of Egypt . . .69Al-Mustakfi II 69

Al-Hakim 71

Mahmiid Shah ibn Muhammad ibn Tagh-

lak, pretender . . . . .72Firoz Shah III 73

With Path Khan ...... 79

With Zafer 80

Ghiyas-ad-din Taghlak Shah II. . . . 81

Abu-Bakr Shah 82

Muhammad Shah III. ibn Fiiuz . . .84Posthumous Coins . . . . . 86

Sikandar Shah 1 87

Mahmud Shah II 88

Nasrat Shah {Interregmnn) . . . .90Posthumous Coin . . . . . 90

Fourth Dynasty ...... 91

Mubarak Shah II 91

Muhammad Shah IV. ibn Farid . . .93'Alim Shah 96

Fifth Dynasty 97

Buhlol Lodi 97

Sikandar II. Lodi 101

Ibrahim Lodi ....... 104

Sixth Dynasty 105

Sher Shdb 105

Islam Shah 118

Muhammad 'Adil Shah 125

Sikandar Shah III 127

CONTENTS. xliii

PAGE

. . 129

. 131

. . 139

. 147

. . 167

. 109

. . 174

• 1'5

YIII. ^Miscellaneous ...... 177

Table for converting English inches into millimetres

and into the measures of Mionnet's scale . . 180

Table of the relative weights of English grains and

French, grammes....... 183

Comparative Table of the years of the Hijrah and of the

Christian Era ....... 185

Indexes .

( xliv )

EKRATA.

p. 18, for u^«^t read (jLo^JI .

P. 33, no. 135 delate Pl. III.

P. 47, no. 226, delete Pl. IY.

P. 93, fcjv j^^ read J^jfi

P. Ill, for j.Mt read ^*w .

The following references to the Plates have been accidentally

omitt'^d :

—

Kos. 268, 274, 276, 284, 309, 323, are figured in Plate V.;

and nos. 518 and 530 in Plate VIII.

THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

( 3 )

THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

FIRST DYNASTY.—TURKS.A.H. A,D.

I. Mu'izz-ad-din Muhammad ibn Sam . . 589 1193

II. Kutb-ad-din Aibak . . . .602 1205

III. Aram Shtih 607 1210

IV. Shams-ad-dia Altamsh . . . .607 1210

V. Rukn-ad-din Ffrdz Shah I. ... 633 1235

VI. Riziyah 634 1236

VII. Mu'izz-ad-din Bahram Shah . . . 637 1239

VIII. 'Ala-ad-dm Mas'ud Shah . . .639 1241

IX. Nasir-ad-din Mahmiid Shah I. . . . 644 1246

X. Ghiyas-ad-din Balban . . . .664 1265

XI. Mu'izz-ad-din Kai-Kubad . . . 686 1287

SECOND DYNASTY.—KHALJIS.

XII. Jalal-ad-din Fiioz Shah II. . . . 689 1290

XIII. Rukn-ad-din Ibrahim Shah I. . . G9o 1295

XIV. 'Ala-ad-din Muhammad Shah I. . . 695 1295

XV. Shihab-ad-din 'Umar Shah . . .715 1315

XVI. Kutb-ad-din Mubarak Shah I. . . . 716 1316

XVII. Nasir-ad-din Khusru Shah . . .720 1320

( 4 )

THIRD DYNASTY.—TAGHLAK SHAHIS.A.H. A.D.

XVIII. Ghiyas-ad-diii Taghlak Shah I. . . 720 1320

XIX. Muhammad IT. ibu Taghlak . . 725 1324

XX. Firoz Shah III 752 1351

XXI. Taghlak Shah II 790 1388

XXII. Abu-Bakr Shah 791 1388

XXIII. Muhammad Shah III. . . .792 1389

XXIV. Slkaudar Shah 1 795 1392

XXV. MahmudShahll 795 1392

XXVI. Nasrat Shah (Interregnum) . . . 797 1394

Mahmud restored . . . .802 1399

XXVII. Daulat Khan Lodi . . . . 815 1412

FOURTH DYNASTY.—SEYYIDS.

XXVIII. KhizrKhan 817 1414

XXIX. Mu'izz-ad-din Mubarak Shah II. . 824 1421

XXX. Muhammad Shah IV. . . . 837 1433

XXXI. 'Allm Shuh 847 1443

FIFTH DYNASTY.—AFGHANS.

XXXII. Buhlol Lodi 855 1451

XXXIII. Sikandar II. ibn Buhlol . . . 894 1488

XXXIV. Ibrahim II. ibn Sikandar . . 923 1517

Mughals : Babar and Humajim . 930 152G

SIXTH DYNASTY.

-

Farid-ad-din Sher Shah

AFGHANS.

XXXV.

XXXVI. Islam Shah .

XXXVII. Muhammad 'Adil Shdh

XXXVIII. Ibrahim Sur .

XXXIX. Sikandar Siuih III. .

Mughals : Humayun, etc.

946

952

900

9G1

962

962

] 539

1545

1552

1553

1554

1554

I.-M U H AMM AD IBN SAM.

A.H. 589—602.

M

A.-IN CONJUNCTION WITH GHIYAS-AD-DIN GHURI.

SILVEE.

Inscriptions arrancjed in concentric circles.

No. Hint: Date.

I

1,

Ghazni,

Obv., 1st circle, ^^.aJI CH^b L^-^'v'W a'>«o J-wjI (<jJI 3A596

^^jJ;^! t>jJ=> [^Jj aJ.^ \i>i\'^^ ^^ */v-'*!^'

2nd circle, ^liCNJI J^iaX^S aJDI J^j j.<.a^< <iJJI -n)! aJI ^)

3rd circle, nm^\ ^j' ChjJ'j W'*'^' *^^

Centre, 'f*''^''

Rev., 1st circle, iu* ijji "iS^i ^^s ^jjk3t tj* w>-i

2nd circle, J^< ^^«oJ' ^Usd-JI aJJI O-:!*^ ^^^Ut

3rd circle, jaIsloJI ^jI O^J^^'j WJ^'

Centre,

PL. I. (Th. 3). 5l]-25, Wt. 73

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

MNo.

2Mint: Date.

Gliazni

596

CO

[59]8

Obv. and Eev., 1st circles and centres as on 1; but oJj for 5>Aj

Obv., 2nd circle, [o^JftJL«]JI aJUI 0"i«^ >-»^-^' ^^ '^' **J' '^

3rd circle, ^j1 O-tl-'^'b ^^' ^-'^s^

Rev., 2nd circle, jsua j^'a^S ^Ua^JI aXJI J^^j t>«ia>»e

3rd circle, jaIa^I ^t O^JJ'i ^[*^«>J']

Pierced. B. MS, Wt. 48

Obv., within double square,

A l]-JI ^)l ^^ )l ^)

aJJI J3 »j ^x-c- -**^

^jjkJIj L-JjJl vtjL*_c

In segments, outside square.

Rev., within double square,

4JJI ^jJ ^^Ut

In segments, outside square,

I J O^ ^^-^I I

• • • "^-'"^

Pl, I. Al 1-1, VVt. 82

MUHAMMAD IBN sAm.

MNo.

4

Mint; Date.

[Labor ?

Th.]

COPPER.*

(Dehliwals.)

Obv.

Horseman to left, with lance

at charge.

Inscription illegible.

Eev.

OUaJU[M

JE -55

PL. I. (Th. 7.)t X. -65

* Small coins of the size and character of 4 and 5 abound in the Patan

series. They are very seldom of pure copper, but usually of a mixture of

silver and copper, m the proportions stated in various places in Mr. Thomas's

Chronicles, and in the Introduction to this volume. The general designa-

tion of ' copper ' has, however, been adhered to throughout, inasmuch as

that metal always predominates.

t The title i'u^l seems to indicate that Muhammad was still the

Ueutenant of his brother ^.J^\ «U ; after whose death, he adopts the form

THE SULtAnS of DKHLI.

B.-ALONE.

NNo. Mint: Date.

GOLD.

G Ghazni|

Obv., within double square,

602

7 Ghazni

603

In segments, outside square,

3 1

^^b a)>-,j1J^jl i^^l >«>

Rev., within double square,

In segments outside square,

Pl. I. iV 1-35, Wt. 322

Same : but rev. margin ends a<>U ww^ >i^ ^^I j>v--' l5^

'^^

and obv. margin is nearly complete to <*J.^

(Th. 20.) N 105, Wt. 89

MUHAMMAD IBN SAM.

No.

8

JE

10,

11

12—16

Mint : Date,

Ghazni604

[Sind.

Th.]

[Dehli.

Th.l

Same : but rev. margin,

and obv. margin differently distributed.

iV 1-35, Wt. 146

The last two coins were probably issued by Yildiz, as

Muhammad ibn Sam died in 602. Cf. no. 20.

COPPER.

Obv.

Chohan Horseman to right;

on hf.rse's quarter v

around, ^^ '^ntrt

Sri Hammirah.

Horseman to left with lance

at charge.

Chohan Horseman as 9, same

inscription, but characters

of quite a different style.

Rev.

Pi. I. (Th. 5.) M -6

Same.

Pr,. I. (Th. 6.) M -6

JS. -6

The Bull Nandi to left, re-

cumbent : on Jhul 1^ ;on

side (

.

Sri Mahamad Same.

PL. I. (Th. 10.) vE -6

M 6

M 'oo

M -6

(no sign on side) M '&o

10 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

No.

17—19

Mint; Date.

20

21

Obv.

Similar: but horseman debased,

and inscription scarcely

traceable.

JRev.

Similar : but bull debased;

inscription in straight line

above, ^ ^^^^^ ^ . .

Pl. I. (Th. 11.) M -6

JE, -65

M -65

ISSUES OF TAJ-AD-DIN YILDIZ.

Ghazni[60]3or6

Ghazni ?

610

SILVEE.*

Obv. Area, within double square, similar to 6.

Margin, in segments outside,

3 ^ • •I

• • • L5^ ^> 1

Rev. Area, within double square, similar to 6.

Margin, in segments outside,

L]j jJI «.UI

o'^yc^ ejufi

IJjk wJj^

M r2, Wt. 103

Obv. Area, as 6.

Margin, in segments,

Aj\^,XmI^ yiS-I

. . . . ^^ I ijo^I

Rev. Area, within double square,

>—*-^t

Margin, in segments.

Pl. I. (Th. 23.) M 115, Wt. 101

Cf. nos. 7 and ft.

TAJ-AD-DiN TILDIZ. 11

COPPER.

Mint: Date Obv.

Bull Nandi to left, standing.

Above, debased Hindi cha-

racters.

Chohan Horseman to right.*

Beneath horse, a star.

Rev.

12 THE SULTInS of DEHLJ.

Mint : Date.

[Ivaiiauj]

[Kanauj]

[Kanauj]

KANAUJ ISSUE.

GOLD.

Olv.

The Goddess Lakshmi seated

facing.

Similar.

Similar.

Rev.

^ *t[^ Sri Maha.

T^ ^«T mad vene

'^\^ Sam.

iV -85, Wt. 66

^ ^^^ Sri Mahama-

^ ^"R d Scirn.

Pl. I. J7 -6, Wt. 65

^"^ ^ Sri Ba.

W\X Hf[»? miraMahama-

.A?" -6, Wt. 65

Jf G, Wt. 66

lll.-ARAM SHAH.A.H. 607.

COPPER.

Ohv.

Cholian Horseman, degraded.

Rev.

Pl. II JE. -6

ALTAMSH. 13

IV.-SHAMS-AD-DIN ALTAMSH.A.H. 607—633.

Mint : Date.

6xa;

SILVER.

Obv., within double square enclosed in circle,

In each segment, three dots.

Rev. (as obv.) ji\-A*^\ ju^ ^

In each segment, three dots.

The first I of ^eU^lt written very small and joined to the J .

Traces of marginal inscription outside circle.

(Th. xxviii.) .51 l"], Wt.l63

Obv. Area, within circle,

aJUI "n)! a )1 •^)

dJUb j.'H ' Tu.Q )\

(The lam of the a) I and alif of aJUI connected by an arch.)

Margin, a^IoJ:«j 'I I«iA w>o

Rev. Area, within double square,

^ W g^jl O' ^—^ ''

Margin, in segments, illegible (or ornaments, Th.).

PL. II. (Th. ixs.) A 115, Wt. 164

14

MNo.

37

Mint: Date.

63a;

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Obv. Area, within double square, enclosed in circle,

In each segment, three dots.

Margin, i-iiJl \Stt> w>«3

Rev. Area as 36, but omitting ^J^^\ j^\ j«eli

In each segments, three dots.

Margin, ajU^w^ ^>{wUj *-->^

Pl. II. (Th. 31.) JR 1-15, Wt. 169

ALTA.MSH. 15

MNo. Mint: Date.

38— [Dehli

42 Th.]

COPPER.Obv.

Chohan Horseman.

Around, W^ "^WtX.:

Sri Hamirah

Rev.

Bull Naudi.

Around, ^fT:'cTT!I ^ ^H^^^TU

Suritan Sri Samasadin

38, Jhvl

16 THE STJLTAnS of DEHLT.

Mint : Date.

48—50

Obv.

Chohan Horseman.

Around, ^Sri

Sri IIa{niiraJi)

Multtin.

Dehli.

Within square, enclosed in

circle,

J^ laJLJt

Within octagram, enclosed in

circle,

Same.

Dehli. Within circle,

OLk_JUI

Rev.

Pl. II. (Th. 48.) M -6

Pl. II. M -55

^ -6

Within hexagram, enclosed in

circle,

Pr, II. (Th. 49.) .V. -65

Within octagram, enclosed in

circle,

(Th. 53.) ^ -55

Within circle,

L5'J_A^

FfR6z I.17

No. Mint: Date.

60

Obv.

Within hexagram, Jj^ft

Within circle, J^xc

Within zigzag border, Traces

of Hindi inscription.

Within hexagram, ^IJaXw

Bev.

Within hexagram, jj^^*^'

(Th. 52.) ^ oS

iE-55

Within circle, ^,^^0^

Above, ornament.

(Th. 55.) ^ "5

Within zigzag border. Same.

(Th. 51.) JE -5

Within hexagram, u^>»*^><

01

V.-RUKN-AD-DIN FIROZ SHAH I.

A.H. 633—631.

C P P E E.

Choiian Horseman ;traces of

usual Hindi inscription {'%).

Bull Nandi :

on JInd J) , on side i 1

1

Above, ^opTji ^"tlU

Rukana din

Vh. n. (Th. 89.) M -6

D

THE SULTAks of DEHLI.

VI.- R izTyah.

A.H. 634—637.

No.

JE

20 THE eULTANS OF DEHLI.

MNo.

68

Mint: Date.

69

70—72

Ohv.

Chohau Horseman.

Above, (^UaXw ^

C O P P E K.

Chohan Horseman.

Illegible inscription.

Chohan Horseman.

Around, ^^ fj^^x :

Sri Samirah

Bev.

Within square, enclosed in

circle,

In segments, loops.

Pt. II. (Tb. 93-) M -6

Same.

Pl. II. M

Bull Nandi.

Around, ^T^TO ^^'STiT^^*

Suritdn Sri Muajadim

on Jhul -\- , on side E

(Th. 9Jl.) iE -6

Pt. II. iE -6

JE -55

mas'Cd. 2]

VIM. -'ALA-AD-DIN MAS'UD SHAH.

A.H. 639—6M.

MNo.

73

Mint: Date

Dehli

[639-40*;

S ILVER.

Obv. Area, within double square enclosed in circle,

>*<' J itft'i i» III qI I

In segments, . . .

Margin (traces of) i<^^i '^j

Rev. Area (as obv.),

Margin obliterated.

Pl. III. (Th. 97.) ^ 10, Wt. 168

* The Klialifah Al-Mustaneir died in a.b. 640.

In segments,

22 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

MNo.

74

75

76,

77

Mint: Date.

641

[6]i2

Same as 73 : but on obv. area^„yOJu....ioJ I instead of j»cuJi~^l

Obv, and rev. margins,

*r^/'^

(Th. 98.) .51 1-05. Wt. 169

Same as 74 : but obv. margin ^^ O-si^ij' Lx*^'

Rev. margin obliterated.

M 105, wt. 167

Similar to 74.

Mint and date obliterated.

M 1-05, Wt. 163

M 105, Wt. 168

No. Mint: Date.

84

24 THB SULtAnS of DEIILI.

IX. -NASIR-AD-DIN MAHMUD SHAH

A.H. 644—664.

MNo.

85

Mint: Date.SILVER.

Obv. Area, witliin double square enclosed in circle,

>l-«*s)l j^.^ ^ 9

Rev. Area (as obv.),

^ la &^\ o^-^-J-J'

Apparently no margins.

Pl. Iir. (Th. 60.*) /H 1-1, Wt. 161

* See the Chronicles of the Pathan kings of Dehli for Mr. Thomas's reasons

for ascribing this coin to an older brother of Mahmood, who died in G26. I

am rather inclined to believe that the occurrence of Al-Mustansir's name is

merely another instance of the nse of an old obverse, of which many examples

could be quoted. See Tntrodnction.

MNo.

86

MAHMtrD I. 25

Mint: Date

Dehli

654

Delill

655

Dehll

657

Dehll

658

DehJi

660

Obv. Area (as 85),

In top and bottom segments, an annulet.

Margin, ajjl iiw ^ ,^^i 0>-aa,o i-oiJI ojjk w>>-^

Rev. Area same as 85; but omitting oli, and substituting

yjj\ for ^_jJ.

In top and bottom segments, annulet ; in right and left, ...

Margin as obv. margin, but partly obliterated.

(Th. 106.) M 1C5, Wt. 165

Same as 86

:

but date <ul<,i->_5 ^J^*,».^^ l,,^-fr«^ on both margins.

PL. III. (Th. 106.) M 1-1, wt. 166

Same : but date a.>Io-^^ C>-****<^ /*"^^

(Th.l06.) -51 1-05, Wt. 166

M 105, Wt. 168

Same : but date ajIo--«'3 Ot--^'^ O^(Th. 106.) M 1-05, Wt. iro

Same : but date 2j[.^2^^

(Th. 106.) .51 10, Wt 169

E

26

!Mlnt: Date

Dehli

662

Dehli

664

THE SULtAnS of DEHLf.

Same : but date itl^Iw^ O'**-'^ lX*^'

(j>j vice ^JJ\)

(Th. 106.) M 1-05, Wt. 167

Same: but date itL^Iw^ (J-jwj «.jjl

(^^ wee ^1)(Th.106.) M 1-05, Wt. 167

Similar

:

Mint and date obliterated.

.ai 1-15, wt. 167

M 1-1, Wt. 169

COPPER.

Obv.

Chohan Horseman :

Above, [ij^a*-*

In front, ^^ ^jft[T:

Sri IIami[_rah]

Same.

Mev.

(Th. 107.) iE -6

Pl. ni. M -6

M -6

Same, but arranged

O' ia~JU[t

PL. m. ^

BALBAX. 27

No. Mint : Date

100 Dehli

672

101

102

X.-GH lYAS-AD-DIN BALBAN.

A.H. 664—686.

GOLD.

Dehli

675

Dehli

678

Obv. Area, within circle,

Margin, ^>*J| iiw ^^ ^^Xa^ O^-aa^ aJUI «Jjk ^^

Rev. Area, within circle,

OUaJLJI

Margin same as obv., partly obliterated.

PL. III. (Cf. Th. 111.) .A^ 115, Wt. 169

Same : but date ajL^wj ^j-jtw^j sj>>.i^

Kev. margin nearly' illegible.

N 11, Wt. 168

Same : but date ajLo.Iw3 O-ta-.^^ ^1^5 on both margins.

iV 1-05, Wt. 169

28 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf.

Mint : Date

Dehli

664

Dehli

664

Debli

(iQ6

SILVER.

Obv. Area, within double square, enclosed in circle,

Annulet in top and bottom segments.

Margin, ajjl <Uw -i is^^ Oj«cia»-^ 2uAai\ djjk ^ju3

Eev. Area (as obv.),

In segments above and beneath, annulet ; at right and left, , .

Margin, traces similar to obv.

Pl. ni. (Th. 112.) M VI, Wt. 165

M 11, wt. 164

Similar: but dSLJ\ vice 2usJii\, and no . . at sides.

(Badly engraved, and blundered.)

M 1-15, wt. 167

Same as 103 : but date ibl«^j v>i*-^3 u-o-*- o" both margins.

(Th. lU'.) Ji 1 15, wt. 109

BALBAN. 29

Mint: Date.

Dehli

667

Dehli

669

Dehli

673

Dehli

674

Dehh'

Same : without , . ;

date 3^1^^ 0^3 ^'J-^ <^" ^^^- ^^J"?'"-

Kev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 112.) M 1-1, Wt. 167

Same as 103 : date \_3u\^']^^ v>^3 ^*^ o^ ^o^^ margins.

(Th. 112.) .51 1-1, Wt. 167

M 115, Wt- 166

Same : without , . ;

date A; 1.0^3 0^*t«^3 ^'^ on both margins.

(Th. 112.) M 115, Wt. 168

Same : without , , ;

date i)loJLw3 O'i*^^ ^^'j' ^'^ ^^^- "^^^gi"-

Kev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 112.) M 1-15, Wt. 165

Similar to 103 : dates illegible.

M 1-1, Wt. 165

M 1-1, wt. 169

M 1-1, Wt 167

30

MNo.

115

118

Mint; Date

119,

120

121,

122

THE SULTAKS of DEHLI.

C P P E E.

Obv.

In centre, within circle, ^j^^

Around, ^^: ^fTT Trmjcf*^"

Srih Suitdm Gydsudim.

\ L 1L-.H

^-N)!

Dehli J.

JU

Bev.

Within double square,

PL. III. (Th. 113.) M -65

^ -65

JE, -65

.iE '65

PL. lU. (Th. lU.) ^ -65

M -5

(Th. 115.) /E -5

Pl. m. lE. -55

KAI-KUBAD. 31

XI.-MU'IZZ-AD-DIN KAI-KUBAD.

A.H. 686—689.

No.

123

Mint: Date.

Dehli

687

GOLD.

Obv. Area, within circle,

Margin, «-- [iUw ^ ^.j^ji C^j-asw-j iS^-JI «^ w>i>

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin, traces, as obv.

PL. III. iV 1-1, Wt. 169

32 THE SULtAnS of DEHLI.

JR

No.

124,

125

126

127

128

Mint: Date.

Dehli

686

Dehli

687

Dehli

688

Dehli

SILVER.

Same: but areas enclosed in double square within circle,

and obv. margin C>m>» 2j^ ^ i^^i " **»-* V>«^

Rev. margin obliterated.

M 1-2, Wt. 167

.51 125, wt. 166

Same : date Sui^^^^ 0^^3 ^'•^ ^^ both margins, but

traces on rev. only.

(Th. 116.) M 1-2, Wt. 168

Same : date 5jlcl«rf^ C>^^3 O^ °^^ °^^* iiiargin.

Rev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 116.) M 1-2, Wt. 162

Similar, but d-oaJt : date obliterated on both sides.

M 1-2, Wt. 165

kai-kubAd. 33

C P P E E.

No.

129,

130

Mint: Date.

131-133

134,

135

136 Dehli

137

Obv.

Sri Sultdm

Muijudim.

OUftJUl

Within ornamented borders,

LJjJI

J.

Jj^

Rev.

Within border,

Pl. ni. (Th. 117.) M -75

.^ -65

Pl. in. (Th. 118.) M -7

^ -65

^ -65

iE -6

Pl. III. M -65

(Th. 9.) .^ •55

[c5]

( 34 )

SECOND DYNASTY.

XII.-JALAL-AD-DIN FIROZ M.

A.H. 689—695.

N,

No. Mint : Date

138 Dehli

695

GOLD.

i

Obv. Area, within circle,

^UNll

Margin, ^;-»<^ <U-> ^ »^'^> oj^olo^ ibC-JI djjb >^j^

Rev.

OUaJU[t]

Pl. IV. (Th. 120.) iV 10, Wt. 166

FIE(5Z II. 35

MNo.

139

Mint : Date,

[Dehli]

68 [9]

140.'

Dehli

141 690

142 Dehli

691

143 Dehli

693

SILVER.

Obv. Area, within double square enclosed in circle (annulets in

top and bottom segments),

Mai'gin, 5jL»I-»3 C>i'^3

Rev. Area as 138, but within double square : margin

obliterated.(Th.im.) m. 1-15, Wt. 1G7

Same: but o^a-5 iw ^9 ^A>i ^j^as^ [i-aA]JI 6J> *->-»

i>lo^j on obv. margin ; rev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 121.) M 1-15, Wt. 165

(Hinged.) IB. 115

Same : but date aj^L/j O-s^uJ^ jj.^o.1 on obv. margin

;

traces on rev. margin.

Ft. IV. (Th. 121.) .51 1-15, Wt. 16S

Same : but >-w«l in last line of obv. (as 138) : and date

ajLoI-/_3 ^>*a—Jj w^ on obv. margin.

Rev. margin obliterated, and S^-i*. with 5.*

(Th. 121.) S. 1-15, wt. 1P9

Generally so spelt henceforward.

36 THE SULTAns op DEULi'.

MNo.

14i

145

14G-148

Mint : Date.

Dehll

694

Dehli

695

149-

151

152,

152a

Dehll

Same as 143 : but date <ul<JL»>3 jJ^aju^jj «jjI on obv. margin.

Rev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 121.) M 1-2, Wt. 1G9

Same : but date aj[^Z,^^ ^j.**^Jj ijto-o-^ on obv. margin.

Rev. margin obliterated.

(Th. 121.) M 1-1. wt. 169

COPPER.

IBEAniM I. 37

XIII.-RUKN-AD-DIN IBRAHIM SHAH I.

A.H. 695.

MNo.

153

Mint: Date.

Dehli

695

SILVER.

Obv. Area, within double square,

^oJic^'N)! O' ^ ^'

Margin obliterated.

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin, ,.,-«^ a^ ^9 ^^^ '^J^^=>^^-^' *^ ^J-^

PL. rV. (Th. 126.) ai 1-25, Wt. 1C6

8S THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

Mint: Date

Dehli

698

COPPER.

MUHAMMAD I. 39

No.

158

159

IGO

161

162,

168

Mint: Date.

Dehli

704

Ddr-al-

Islain.[Dehli]

708

Dehli

710

Same : date iil^juw^ *jjI

(Th. 130.) N rO, Wt. 170

Same : but margin

Same : but ajIoAw^ j-i.c ii-* ^ \,^> S^-osw.,!

7X5 Same : date SjIoJlwj

164,

165

Dehli

695

iV 1-0, Wt. 169

iV 1-05, Wt. 167

iV -95, Wt. 164

Same area inscriptions, but both enclosed in double squares

within circles ;annulet in each segment.

Margins obliterated.

jr -9, Wt. 169

(Th. 131.) ^ "So, Wt. 165

SILVER.

Same area inscriptions, both enclosed in double squares within

circles ; annulet in each segment.

Rev. margin, t^«a. 3j^ ^ ^J^^ S^-o^tI i-iiJI e^ w>«

PL. IV. (Th. 132.) M 11, Wt. 169

M 11, Wt. 171

40

JRNo.

16G

167

168

169

170,

171

172

173

174

175,

176

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Mint: Date.

697*

699

703

Dehli

705

710

Dehll

711

Dcir-al-

Isldm.

(Dehli)

711

Dehli

712

Dehli

713

Same : but ajL^Iw^ ij>****^i ^^ **

M l-]5, Wt. 169

Same : but ^^a-^Jj a-J 5-w ^s . .

.

(Th. 132.) m, V\, Wt. 166

Same : but djLoJUwj .^^jU aX..

(Th. 132.) M 1-0, Wt. 169

Same : but 4jV«aaw3 (,,/*«^ **->' \^ \^^^

Same : but a,i\^su^^ j^fr ii«<

(Th. 132.) M I'O, Wt. 171

(Th. 132.) M 1-0, Wt. 166

m. 1-0, Wt. 168

Same: but ajIoJuw^ j-ift t^J^^I a^^_^ i_5^^

*

(Th. 132.) M 105, Wt. 167

Same : but ajlo**-'^ >^ (^J^*-' ^^i_5^

>e*iU»'^)l ^\j^

M I'O, wt. 170

Same : but iUloJu-*^ ji^ (^^1 Aiw ^9 t^^-* *>*=^**^

(Th. 132.) S^ 1-1, Wt. 170

Same : but ^L^xwj y!^ ^*^

(Th. 132.) .41 105, Wt. 163

M r05, Wt. 167

* Although tho namo of tho mint is oblitoratod. we arc .safe in a.scribing

these coins (noa. IGG— U;8, 170, 171) to Dehli.

MUHAMMAD I. 41

MNo.

177

178,

179

42

MNo.

188

189

190

191

192-194

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Mint: Date.

705

706 P

710

711

Same as 182; but y90^

^01^

195 701

196

197

702

703

198 712

v9«|o

S^^

Same : years obscure.

Same as 182.

(Th. 136.) M

B.

•Nil] ^JhX^\

jJI ^U j^

M -7

Pt. IV. (Th. 136.) M -65

(Th. 136.) M 7

M -6

M -7

M -7

(sic) V \ cJ^^^Pl. IV. ^ -66

vro

(Th. 136.) M -6

„ vro

(Th. 135.) M -6

„ VI r

(Th. 135.) M -65

'UMAU.

MNo.

199

200

201

202,

203

204

Mint : Date.

713

714

715

Dehli

205 715

Same as 195.

43

Same as 195 ; but v Ip-*

(Th. 135.) S. -65

iTh. 135.)

44 THE SULtAnS of DEllLr.

No.

200

M208

Mint: Date-

Ddr-al-

Khildfah

(Dehli)

718

207 Dlr-al-

Khildfnli

(Dehli)

719

Ddr-al-

Khildfah.

(Dehli)

718

XVI.-KUTB-AD-DIN MUBARAK SHAH I

A.H. 716—720.

SQUARE.

GOLD.

Obv. ^ h fr'N)! ^l 6N)I

Rev. Area, within square,

Margin, ^LoJ iw ,^ |4i*i)oJt jb 5j-aa»j

|ajC«JI dJiA w)j^

Pl. IV. (Th. 142.) .A^ -9, Wt. 167

Same : but

(Th. 142.) A^IO, Wt. 169

SILVE R.

Same as 20G.

-K -95, Wt. 168

mubAeak shAh I. 45

Mint: Date.

Debli

716

ROUND.

SILVER

dLt^jL«J,

ft JftpM ^1OUsJUt ^ ^jlkJUJ

Rev. Area, within circle,

^L«jJI j.i> : C ,1)1

Margin, j-^ si-.«( Aiw ^ \^j^i Sj^a^ a^aJI djjb ^j^

Pl. IV. (Th. im. M rOo, Wt. 169

M r05, Wt. 169

Dehli

717

Same: but

(Th. 143.) M 1-05, Wt. 170

Ddr-al-

Midk.(Debli)

717

Obv. JA f.'s)! .NJI

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin, j-i^c »-•«» 4.w ^s ^LoJI jl^ g^^,a» j 4^cuJI «Jjh w>^

(Th. 146.) ^ lOo, Wt. 16S

iK, 1-1, Wt. 169

46 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Mint: Date.

71G

mubAeak shah I. 47

No.

221,

222

Mint: Date.

717

223,

224

D.

Ohv.

V 1 V J'ft-t^o^l >:•'

Sev.

(Th. 150.) ^ 7^ -7

omittinor last line and date.

.«; -7

iE -7

48

MNo.

229,

230-232

232a

233,

234

Mint: Date

719

720

Ddr-al-

KJiildfaTi

(Dehli)

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Olv,

.*':^i

^^)\

H.

Rev.

4jiJt AjuXi

V. ft ^JUxLJI jJjI

JE-6

(Th. 152.) M -6

M-7

(Th. 153.) M -55

(Th. 154.) ^ -45

M '46

KHUSEt^'. 49

Nc. Mint: Date

Dehli

720

720

XVII.-NASIR-AD-DIN KHUSRUSHAH.A.n. 720.

GOLD.

Obv., within double square,

1 A Ii<JI >^— .1

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin ^jjj-i.^ i-w j-s j^-*^^ 5j,rfia».^ iiC—JI dJkA v>*^

Pl. IV. (C/. Th. 15o.) A'-QS, Wt. 161

COPPER.

•^1 pl, h LJI

LJjJt ^^U >oJ^

vr]' o o-i^-Jij

In centre, within circle,

Around,

Pl. IV. (Th. 156.) JE 6

H

( .w )

Mint: Date, THIRD DYNASTY.

XVI M.-GHfYAS-AD-DTN TAGHLAKSHAH I.

A.n. 720—725.

Dehli

720

GOLD.

Obv. Area, within double square,

J° ^ ^^ ^t

Rev. Area, an old obv. area of Muhammad's, same as 161.

Margin illegible.

(Th. 157.) iV 1"0, Wt. 173

Obv. Area, within double square,

Rev. Area, within circle.

Margin, ^j^c 4.w j^J ;„5^> [^]>^*-:f aC^^I a^A^-i/-^

.i\" 10, Wt. 169

TAGHLAK I. 51

No.

239

240

241

Mint: Date.

Dehli

722

Dehli

724

Dehli

726Posthumous.

242

Same : but 5j1-oJJ-j.«(5 O^/^^^J ^J*^'

Same : but %jj\

Obv. Area

J^ -Oo, Wt. 170

(Th. 159.) iV -95, TIN' t. 168

Rev. Area, within circle,

*(S) O'^^l oli.AJLiw

Margin, Oir^3 *--*~' ^--«' •••> [5]j-a». ^s a^LJI oJa wj^^

Pl. V. (Th. 158.) ^ -9, Wt. 170

Obv. Area, Uj )l 01 jc

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin illegible..A'' -So, Wt. 161

* Mr. Thomas has read the letters foUowing sl^Ulii as a date, vrr. Apart

from the improbability of a date in ciphers upon a gold coin of this period,

and the fact that a different date (72G) occurs in the marginal inscription,

the letters themselves do not favour the supposition.^

The supposed v is

a, and I believe the whole word is a badly written ^ylU.:'.

52 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

MNo.

243

Mint: Date.

De6gir721

244

245

246

247

248

248a

721

Dehli

722

Dehli

723

Dehli

724

Dehli

725

SILVER.

Areas as 238.

Obv. margin, ^jt».t d^ _9 j^^i SudS-f ^«J) ojjb y^j*i

Pi. V. (Th. 160.) .51 1-15, Wt. 170

Same : but mint (between dJC^l and <Uw) obliterated and 3inserted.

.51 I'l, Wt. 169

Same : but SjIoJuwj CHj^^ 15^3 1 3j^ ^J ic^i oj<\amf

(Th. 161.) .51 1-05. Wt. 169

Same : but ^*^

Same : but s.j;,?

Same : but

Similar to 241 : margins cut off.

(Th. 161.) jR 1-1, Wt. 170

(Th. 101.) M 1-1, Wt. 169

M 1-05, Wt. 168

ill -6

TAOnLAK I.

No. Mint: Date.COPPER.

249,

2oO

251

252

721

253

254

722

723

724

725

Ohv. Rev.

(Th. 164.) M -6

M "65

„ vrr

Pl.V. (Th. IM.) ^ -65

(Th. 164.) .a; -65

„ v-irp

(Th. 164.) ^E -6

(Th. 164.) M -6

54

MNo.

255

TUE SULtAnS of DElII.i.

Mint : Date.

721

Obv.

Same as 249 : but at foot V T I

256 725

257

V 6

r

Bev.

In centre, oli

Around, -zfi: ^^T ^'TPJ^^*

Srih Sultdm Gydsudim

(Th. 163.) JE. -6

Pl. V. ^ -6

c.

In centre, dl—

w

Around, Arabic inscr. oblite-

rated.JE, '65

258,

259llJmX^mmSui

D.

(Th. 1G5.) .(E '55

MUHAMMAD lEN TAGHLAK.

NNo. Mint: Date.

260- Dehli

262 726

XIX.-MUHAMMAD II. IBN TAGHLAK.

A.n. 725—752.

A.*

GOLD.

Obv.

A-JL—Jl ^j\ A—!l

-* ^^ - -j^ 6j>i g

Rev. Area, within circle,

263

Margin, CH/^3 ^^-^ ^-->' j^^i ojJas>^ j^!^' '-^A w^-^

Pt. V. (Th. 171.) N' -95, Wt. 199

Jf -95, Wt. 197

^ -95, Wt. 198

SILVER.

Dehli

725

Same : but ^J>»)' instead of jl^^l ;and

(Th. 180.) M 10, Wt, 151

See no. 241, a posthumous coin of preceding Sultan.

56- THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

No.

264

Mint : Date.

Dehli

727

265 729

B.

GOLD.Obv. Area, within circle,

^)l a )l N)

J )l

Margin, o-iJ^3 ^f^ *^ ^ ^^> Sj-aa^ j^iJJI '-Wk

Pl. v. (Th, 173.) ^ -7, Wt. 197

Eev. Area,

Oi

Rev. Area,

Ju^.^1 > _ « ^'

&«wj £Uw OW ^^^JjU

(C/. Th. 179.) ^^ -75, Wt. 168

No.

2G6,

267

M268,

269

270

271

272

Mint : Date.

733

728

729

729

730

M

273

MUUAMMAD 1B>' TAOnLAK.

Sae as 265 : but date

and ^ in line with jt^o^*^

57

^ -75, Wt. 169

Jf -8, Wt. 169

SILVER.

Same : but «uC»»*wj ^j«i^^ jJWj ii-j

Same : but

Same : but

Same : but ,J-^

(Th. 182.) M 75, Wt. 139

51 -75, Wt, 140

(Th. 182.) M -7, Wt. 140

M -75, Wt. 110

(Th. 182.) M -75, Wt. 137

COPPER.

Same as 266: year uncertain.M 'lo

THE SULTAnS of DELHI.

Mint: Date.

Satgaon

730

D.

SILVER.

Obv. Area, within circle,

Margin, <L>L»ft?">3 C>i*J-' ^^ ^^^ ^^lki«^ aX«JI «jjb w>>«0

Rev. Area, jjC^ ^t

(Th. 184.) M -95, Wt. 169

Same : but obv. margin illegible, and jLo>a^'« removed to

middle line of rev.

M -95, Wt. 1G9

MUHAMMAD IBN TAOHLAK. 59

Mint : Date.

DehU736

E.

GOLD.

Obv. Area, aJJI^

Rev. Area, within circle,

Margin, SjLoJtw^ ^^J.JXi^ w>««i a^ ^_5^^ oj^s^j

[Th. 176.) iV -7, Wt. 171

iV -75, Wt. 168

SMALL COPPER.

F.

Obi'. Bev.

vrco

(Tb. ion.) M 'B

-E -6

60

No.

2S0

Mint: Date.

726

281 727

THE SULTAnS of DELHI.

Obv.

Q.

Rev.

--* ol,>t.«.Uj

(Peculiar ligature in oLi)

(Th. 189.) ^ -6

Pl. V. (Th. 189.) ^ '55

282,

283727 )Ua~JI o-*j ^

O-J *X<-s^^ Ji''»JI

^.•V^JIam/o

(Th. 192.) ^ -5

.E -55

284-

286732

I.

i^r^ijJi a*c

MrnAMMAD IBS TAGHLAK. 61

No. Mint: Date.

287 732

288 733

289

290

291-

294

734

735

733

Obv.

Same as 284.

Rev.

Same as 284 :

but date reversed, v**n

K.

M

but vrr

(Th. 193.) M •&

(Th. 193.) M -6

(Th. 193.) M -65

(Th. 19J,.) -E -C

^ -6

PL. V. M -6

M -6

295,

296

734

but JUjI

(Th. 194.) ^ -6

M -6

62 THE STJLTAnS of DEHLI.

MNo.

297,

297a

298

299

Mint: Date,

735

737

734?

Obv.

Same,

Same.

Bev.

Same:

but

but

(Th. 194.) M -6

M -6

(Th. 194.) M -55

L.

In centre, within double circle,

JUu

Margin, (^) ..[j]^^^^-

M -56

MUnAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 63

No. ilint : Date,

300-

303

Dehli

731

304,

305

FORCED CURRENCY.

COPPER A2fD BRASS.

M.

Obv. Area, within circle,

s\ L UJt

u>—»- .^1

Margin,* ^iki ^yi jktOAtbjj JL» ,^jXAi d^ C^aJ ji

Rev. Area,

(Th. 195.) ^Pl. V. ^

(Blundered.) M

Same : omitting «l^ c

M -8

^ 76

* The cj of Juuat is unifoiiuly omitted.

64 THE SULtAnS of DEHLI.

JENo.

305a

305 ^*

305 c

305(Z

306

307,

308

Mint: Date,

Dar al-

Islam(Dehli)

Agrah,

730?

Taghlakpur730

Satgaon

731

Daulat-

abad732?

Same as 304.

Margin, .... jk«aiA ^j JL» ji'^^*^\ jt> j^

Same.

Margin, (^) ^^ jl-oaa jJ JL> j^v^ *>^' j3

^ -8

.a; 75

Same.

Margin, ^^i Jlciaa ^ JL; ••• jy,J^><rt^' (^^ -8

Same.

Margin, JC^ ^*j jk... JL; jj^jlxiw C>/«a^ ji

N.

50-Kdm Piece.

Obv. Area as on 300.

Margin, (S) _5i ^y-» j„a»A> j.i JI-j >^lcJ_5i «o wo.J

Rev. Area as 300, but second line,

instead of

^ -8

Same : date illegible.

(Th. 190.) Brass. "8

Brass. 75JE -as

MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 65

JE

No.

309,

310

Mint: Date.

730 t

Obv.

AMUtaJI

vTo

Rev.

J i.

(Th. 197.) JE. 75

M -75

311,

312

730

313

314

.^}\

vro

730 omitting 1 after second ^»*i9i

,

and puttingj^ in line with

y*,L<JI J—

^

(Th. 198.) .iE 7.5

^ -7

but arranged in tliree lines.

M "65

730

Q.

Quarter-Adit.

315 732

vro

O^ -^M^-*

(lb. 199.) M -6

^ -6

\^rr

K

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Mint: Date.

730

Obv.

e5

—

vroL5-0

no ciphers.

JJ

Rev.

Pt. V. (Th. 200.) M -55

V>^

^ -6

yE -55

^ 7

s.

Within double circle,

Around,

)S>'?A Mohamad

PL. V. (Th. 201.*) ^

* Whore iXl i.s erroneously read S-Ci

MUHAMMAD IBN TAGIILAK. 67

JE

No.

319

Mint: Date.

Ddr-al-

Isldm(Dehli)

730

320,

321

Dehli

730

322 Dehli

730

323

Obv.

yr^J^ It w>-^

ditFerently divided.

Rev.

ji^} »'^)t jtju-j

(Th. 202.) M -eo

Pl. V. (Th. 203.) ^ "Oo

.a: "OS

but JULoJt j'-XJ t'*ce S^'a*"^.

and differently d.vided.

(Th. 202.) M

V.

-Kdni Piece.

(Th. 205.) £• 55

68

MNo. Mint: Date.

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

324 Dehli

Obv.

(sic) * *•

Rev.

^ -6

325,

326

732 Within circle,

Around, 33 ^^ jucmA jj JL»

PL. V. (Th. 208.) M -6

M -6

327

aJUI JJi

z.

(Th. 209.) .(E -6

MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 69

No. Mint : Date.

N328 Dehli

741

329

330

331

Dehli

741

COINS STRUCK IN THE NAME OF THE 'ABBAST

KHAUFAHS OF EGYPT.

i.-al-mustakfT I I.

A.H. 701—740.

GOLD.

Obv. Area, within quatrefoil,

j\—; jjc^l tJu.A

Rev. Area, ^U'n)I ^^jUjJI ^

PL. VI. (Th. 212.) iV -9, Wt. 170

Same: but ^jtoj, and Aij^lL^

Dehli Same as 328 : unit of date obscured by ornament.

74a;

Dehli

743

jr -95, Wt. 171

AT -9, Wt. 166

Same : but O^(Th. 212.) J/ -9, Wt. 170

70

MNo. Mint: Date.

THE SULTAnS of DEHLf.

COP PEE.

332

333 743

Ohv.

C5' a)l

Rev.

Within circle,

Margin illegible.

(Th. 215a.) ^ -75

Pl. VI. (Th. 311.) M -6

MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 71

Mint: Date.

II.-AL-H AKI M

A.H. 741—753.

748

748

Obv.

Within cinquefoil,

GOLD.

Rev.

Within cinquefoil,

^\ 4_Jl It

('ni.213.) (I.O.C.) Pierced. Jf S.Vft. 170

(No cinquefoOs.) Pl. VI. Jf -So. Wt. 169

Within quatrefoil,

.]

Same as 33G.

COPPER.

Within quatrefoil,

dJUt

Small.

at left, "5 f-'

aJUI ^^Lf

Same as 336.

^ -7

Tl. VI. ^ 7.£ -66

< ^.

^ 7

^ -5

^ -5

72 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

No. Mint: Date.

MAHMUD SHAH.

IBN MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK.

{Pretender.)

A.H. 752.

N342 Obv. Area,

GOLD.

Rev. Area,

Pl. VI. iV -75, Wt. 169

Mint: Date.

Ffndz in.

XX.-FIROZ SHAH III,

A.H. 752—790.

73

Obv. Area,*

Rev. Area,

GOLD.

Pl. VI. (Th. 223.) ^ -8, Wt. 1G9

Obv. Area,t

Rev. Area,

<iuCLo>« OjJLs. ^jUxLJ

Pt. VI. (Th. 225.) ^ &, Wt. leo

* The name of the khalifah Al-Hakim Abu-l-'Abbas Ahmad, combined

with Firoz Shah's, probably hmits the date of this coin to 752-3.

t Al-Mo'tadid was khalifah from 753 to 7G3.

74 THE STJLTAns or DEHLf.

No.

3i5

Mint: Date

Dehli

31G

347

(Dehli)

7xx

348 788

Obv. Area, within circle,

vole's)! ^J^j ^

Margin, C>i—^»-S ••• **-» ^J^i

Rev. as 344, but <iIJCJLo-« beneath ^UaX^JI

{Cf. Th. 224.) I. O. C. iV -85 Wt. 167

J^ -9, Wt. 166

Same : but margin illegible.

Obv. Area, within circle,

Margin, aj1.o*«-'3 O-** ->«*>; 4^«JI dJA C-*^^

Kev. as 345.

(Cy. Th. 224.) iV -9, Wt. 170

Obv. Area,

Rev. Area,

L5-

rfnoz III. 75

MNo.

319

Mint : Date,

Dehli

767

350

351

352

353

Dehli

770

Dehli

771

Dehli

772

Dehli

773

351I

Dehli

776

355 Dehli

777

COPPER.

Ohv.

VVo

vv

vvT

vvT

vvT

VVV

Bev.

(Th. 228.) -E -75

(Tb. 228.) .E -7

(Th. 228.) M -7

(Th. 228.) M -1

PL. VI. (Th. 228.) ,E -7

(Th. 228.) M -75

(Th. 228.) &

76 THE SDLtAnS of DEHlI

MNo.

356

857

358,

'SoSa

Mint: Date.

Dehli

778

Dehli

780

Dehli

783

859

360

Dehli

784

Dehli

786

361 Dehli

787

Obv.

Same as 349

VVA

VAo

vAr

VA<}>

Same as 349

but VA*1

Same as 359

but VAV

Eev.

Same as 349.

(Th. 228.) M -7

(Th. 228.) ^ 75

(Th. 228.) JE -7

M -7

(Th. 228.) JE -75

(Th. 228.) M -7

(Cf. Th. 230.) M '7

* I.e. Al-Mutawakkil, a.h. 7(i3— 785.

FfROZ III. 77

MNo.

3G2

363

364

365

Mint: Date.

Dehli

788

Dehli

789

Dehli

816

Dehli

817

366-368

369,

370

Obv.

Same as 359 :

VAA

Same as 349

but A n

Bev.

Same as 349.

M "7

(POSTHUMOUS.)

A(V

(Th. 238.) JE 7

(Th.238.) M -7

Within sixfoil,

\*

SMALL SIZE.

Within sixfoil,

^fli\

^' PL. VI. (Th. 235.) ^ -55

M 6

M 5

dLi J3>*^

^UaJLw

<x5CJLo jJ^

Pl. VI. (Th. 229.) M -55

M -55

* Al-Hakim: 740—753. t Al-Mutadid: 753—763.

78 TIIK SULTAnS of DEHLf.

No.

371

372

373

374.-

378

379

380

381

Mint : Date,

Dehli

Dehli

759

Dehli

Dar-al-

Mulk.Dehli

Dehli

825

Dehli

Dehli

Obv.

JLdUl

<i]JL_JI jk*c ^i\

JL—A^

^ -55

Eev.

(See above, 349.)

Beneath, VOU^

No date.

{Cf. Th. 230.) .E -6

oti

FfBOZ III. 79

WITH FATH KHAN.

COPPER.

Obv.

dI]9^)La. ....

Rev.

J3J^ O^-*-

Pl. VI. (Th. 240.) JE 7

last line?,

Sfnall.

Pl. VI. ^ -55

Dehli

Larger.

^ 7(Th. 242.) M 7

lower lines,

J^c^ J^Up J[*

^ 75

80 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf.

No.

M

387

388

389,

390

Mint: Date,

Dehli

791Post-

humous.

WITH ZAFAR.

COPPER.

Ohv.

v^i I4JLit)^^.».

^ \ ^ '" ^ •^^'

{sic) . Ju». <ii.^»Ji JUA.C

Small.

391,

392

ait

^r-t

djis*;^ c>jJ^

i?eu

J3>

{Th. 247.) M 7

PL. VI. JS, -7

oU, ^3>^e—

'

PL. VI. (Th. 248.) M -6

M -6

(Th. 219.) JR -55

M -5

TAGHLAK II. 81

No. Mint ; Date,

393 Dehli

790

394,

395

396,

397

Ddr-al'

MulkDehli

XXI. -GH I YAS-AD-D I N

TAGHLAK SHAH I I.

A.H. 790—791.

COPPER.

Obv.

^\ 4.a «.,LTw.[Ji

V^ o aJL sM

AJUt

.< >—*i

Pl. VII. (Th. 250.) .a: -7

w)«xX^ , JUaXw

Pl. Vn. (Cf. Th. 252.) ^ -65

^1 b JLw

(Th. 254.) M -5

^ -6

M

82 THE SULTAnS op DEHLI.

No. Mint : Date

XXII.-ABU-BAKR SHAH.

A.H. 791—792.

COPPER.

JE

398

399,

400

401

791

792

793

402,

403

792

Obv.

v^ r

^ w 51 i

Eev.

Pl. VII. (Th. 255.) M 7

(Th. 255.) M -75

.a; -65

(Th. 255.) M 7

Within square,

Around,

Pl. VII. (Th. 257.) iE 7^ 7

abO-bake. 83

No.

404

Mint: Date.

405 792

Obv.

Same as 402.

.Bey.

Within circle,

Margin, dU;j3j.*9

(Th. 258.) iE -75

JUaJL;

(Th. 259.) .<E -8

Small.

406,

407

408

409

X^ )l

aJUI

^t*

<c:]9'^^ [ojkL>.

j^UaJLw

Pl. VU. (Th. 260.) ^ -5

^ -55

olw j^^ ^[}

^ -6

^ -6

84 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

No. Mint : Date

JE

410

411,

412

413,

414

415

Dehli

790

790

793

794

XXIII.-MUHAMMAD SHAH III. IBN FIROZ.

A,H. 792—798.

COPPER.

In centre,

Ohv.

aX )l

»i

Around,

yZ^yo cds'^^ OkXX^

v^ 9^)Ld»

v'^r

v]^l*

Rev.

PL. VII. (Th. 261.) M '85

(Th. 265.) ^ 75

^ -75

(^UftJL. for jJUaJlw)

(Th. 265.) yE 75

m 7

(^3UaX^.)

(Th. 265.) .E

MUHAMMAD III. 85

No.

416

Min : Date.

Dehli

793

417

418

794

419

420,

420a

Ddr-al-

MulTc

Dehli

793

Dehli

794

Ohv.

v]^F

Within circle,

Around,

Jjk^ ^JoCU^ C^J^

PL. VII. (Th. 266.) M -7

Mint obliterated.

^ -7

PL. VII. (Th. 267.) JE. -55

(Th. 267.) ^ '55

(Th. 269?) iE -55

^ '55

86

JR

No. Mint: Date

421 817 Obv. Area,

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

POSTHUMOUS COINS.

SILVER.

(sic) V 1 V

Rev. Area, yo^*^[}'\ O^—^ *--"

Pl. Vn. (Th. 270.) M -0, Wt. 174

422 818 Same : but AJ |A

(Th. 270.) .21 'SS, wt. 173

423 Same : but date obliterated.M -9, wt. 174

SIKANDAR I. 87

No. Mint: Date.

JE

424 795

425,

426Dehli

795

427,

428Ddr-al-

MulkDehli

795

429,

430

XXIV.-S I KANDAR SHAH I

A.H. 795.

C P P E E.

Obv. Rev.

(Th. 272.) ^ 7

In centre,

]«x^,^

Around,

PL. Vn. (Th. 273.) ^ -65

^ -05

dW jJk.tXw

Pl. vn. (Th. 274.) ^ -6

JE -6

C5l__Jft-_JU

^JJ dl.^ jjk[.iC«»

^ -55

^ -5

88 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

Mint : Date.

XXV.-MAHMUD SHAH II,

A.H. 795—815.

ao L D.

Obv.

Traces of date beneath.

Rev.

Pl. VII. (Th. 276.) A^ -8, Wt. 171

SILVER.

Traces of date beneath. but jJt>U^I^1

M -9. wt. 173

M -9, Wt. 173

795

COPPER.

Pl. VII. (Th. 2/7.) iE 7

maiimi!jd II.89

JE

Mint : Dat«.

435

436-438

Ddr-aJ-

MulkDehli

79x

439 800

440 801

Ohv.

- * : L.a^)»

Aoo

Small.

Rev.

Same as 434.

(Th. 279.) ^ '6

,« -8

M -55

PL. VII. (Th. 280.^ .E -6

(Th. 280.) -iE -66

441 815

AlOJ.ac «

90 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

No. Mint: Date.

M442

443

444

445

Ddr-al~

MulkDehli

797

798

807

XXVI.-NASRAT SHAH.(^Interregnum.

)

A.H. 797 jff.

( 91 )

Mint : Date

446 (Dehli)

835

447 Dehli

83a;

FOURTH DYNASTY,

XXIX.-MUBARAK SHAH II.

A.H. 824—837.

COPPER.

Ohv.

ArtJ

/\rix

Rev.

Within circle,

Around,

(Th. 288.) 2S. -8

Same centre

:

Around,

ni <^iy^ ^JUxLw

Pl. Wi.. M

92 THE STJLTInS of DEHLf.

No.

MUHAMMAD IV. 93

No. Mint: Date.

iE

456 Dehli

843

457

458

„ [8]46

„ [8]48

459

XXX.-MUHAMMAD SHAH IV. IBN FARID.

A.H. 837—847.

COPPER.

Ohv.

yjt 4.Q . L-w.[)l

f1

<pA

Rev,

^Jj dw

Mi o(Th. 293.) .T;

Pl. VII. (Th. 293.) .K -Zo

(Th. 293.) .*E 75

Small.

but ous"^ OjJ^ in last

line ; and no date.

bottom line obliterated.

94 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

MNo.

MUHAMMAD IV. 95

JE

466

Mint; Date.

Ddr-al-

Mulk(Dehli)

•467,

468

469 Dehli

Ohv.

Same as 460 :

no date visible.

"'J-^ "^ .'

Rev.

Same as 460.

£. -55

-^ -55

2E -oS

Pl. VII. (Th. 296.) £. -45

96 THE SULtAnS op DEHLI.

No. Mint : Date,

M

470 Dehli

[8]53

471

472 [85]4

XXXI.-'ALIM SHAH.

A.H. 847—855.

COPPER.

Obv.

A.] ft i y [.aji

Rev.

^\ U \ II)

o\ ^ }L-c

L> i

PL. VII. (Th. 297.) M -7

Small.

Ddr-al-

( 97 )

No. Mint: Date.

473 Dehli

858

474 859

475 860

FIFTH DYNASTY.

XXXII.-BUHLOL LODI.

A.H. 855-894.

98 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf.

No.

477

478

479

480

481

482

Mint: Date.

Dehli

884

Dehli

890

877

888

889

890

Obv.

Same as 473.

APo

A]VV

ft

AAA

AA^

aV

Rev.

Same as 473.

M '7

(Th. 311.) M -65

Within circle,

Jj Ki

Around, ^UxUJI

(Th. 315.) M -7

Margin illegible.

M -7

Margin obliterated.

JE, 7

BUHLOL L6Dr. 99

I

No.I

Mint: Date.

483

484

Dar-al-

Mulk.Dehli

855

857

Small.

485 863

486 863?

Ohv.

JUU3I )\>

v£v

Air

A-ir (=Air?)

Eev.

Pl. VIII. (Th. 313.) M -65

M -5

(Th. 313.) JE -6

M -6

487 867

aIv (Th. 313.) ^ -6

488 868

aIa (Th. 313.) M -55

489 873

Avr(Th. 313.) M -6

490 877

AW (Th. 313.) JB -5

100

No.

491,

492

493

494

Mint: Date.

Dehli

Jaunpiir

888*

[8]93

TUE sultAns of dehli.

Ohv.

4_-i U.a.-J[l

AAA

A]^r

Bev.

Same as 483.

Beneath, i<.^]a> ^jJAa».j

(Th. 312.) M -55

.a: -55

Large.

^ -6

Small.

Two uncertain letters beneath.

^ '6

* Date of final re-annexation of Jaunpur.

8IKA2TDAH II. LdDI. 101

No.

102 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Mint: Date

90G

907

908

910

911

914

915

Ohv.

Same as 495

^v n

^OA

^|o

^11

\ i*p n

1 IE

Rev.

Same as 495

(Th. 316.) M 75

M -7

(Th. 316.) J& -7

(Th. 316.) M -7

505, with star, and joined :

—

(Th. 316.) M 75

M 75

No star or joining.

(Th. 316.) M 75

(Th. 316.) J& 7yE 7

(Th. 316.) M '8

-a; 75

No.

511

512

513

Mint: Date.

916

917

514

515

516,

517

918

919

Obv.

Same as 495

^ n n

with star

8IKANDAE II. L(5dI. 103

JRev.

Same as 495

:

(Th. 316.) ^ -7

^lA

^ n

Ciphers obscure.

No ciphers.

Partly cut off.

(Th. 316.) JE 7

(Th. 316.) M -75

Star over J of J^^j

(Th. 316.) ^ -75

No star.

^ 75

Small.

0-o^>

Pl. VII. (Th. 317.) ^ -65

& •65

104 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf.

No. Mint : Date.

518 926

519

520

XXXIV.-IBRAHIM LODI.A.H. 923—937.

CO PPE E

Obv.

date obliterated.

date obscure.

JRev.

dv_—M> ii_* ^Inr

(Of. Th. 320.) ^ -55

521-

523926

(Thinner.)

in M -5

^ -6

(The inscriptions ou the preceding six coins are extremely

fragmentary.)

SHER ShAh. 105

Mint: Date.

SIXTH DYNASTY.

XXXV.-SHER SHAH.A.n. 946—952.

SILVER.

A. Single Square Borders.

o{a. With dU* j^ arranged j^*—

.

946 Obv. Area, 4J.ll '^)t a !l ^

Margin, j^c| O^^ I

>«*I J^i ^i^

946

Rev. Area,

Margin,

I.

^F1 4JLU aJJI

S>'{ Ser Sdhi.

(Th. 351.) .51 11, W'l. 175

Same : but without Hne above dli

IB. V\, Wt. 176

106

MNo.

526

Mint: Date

Sharif-

abad

946

527 Sharif-

THE SULTAnS of DEHLI.

Same:

Khalifahs' names run in a retrograde direction,

>^ ^M X^* I OU^ I L5^

Rev. Area,

MNo.

532

533

534

535

536

Mint : Date.

Sher-

garh ?

947

948

Sher-

garh?948

Shergarli

948

Jahan-panah(Dehli)

949

SH^E SHAh.

Same: but mint obscure : [d'\j^[^]?

Same as 530 : but date ^ fA

On rev., ^

107

M 105

M 1-15, Wt. 173

Same as 530 : but date ] f/^

and rev. margin,

M 1-0, Wt. 171

Same as 530 : but mint oj^ja^ and date ^ ^A

Obv. margin, O^-^ ijW*^ I[>•»]* J«**^ I \.J^ l5^1'

^**'*-

Same as 530: but date ^f^

and rev. margin,

On rev., ffi

.51 1-15, Wt. 177

108

MNo.

537

Mint: Date.

As^rah

948

538

539,

540

541

£42,

543

Agrah949

Gwalior

951

Gwalior

952

Sber-

gadah

THE PAtAn SULtAnS OF DEHLI.

B.

a. Within single Square Borders.

Obv. Area, aJUI *i)l 4 )l ^)

Margin,

Rev. Area,.k I

^ ^TT ^^Margin, Sri Sdr Sd/ia.

Pl. Vni. (Cf. Th. 344.) M M, Wt. 175

Same : but '\f''\ sideways at left side of rev. aJLLa

M 1-15, Wt. 175

Same : but ^ sideways at left side of rev.;

and j-"_ji *r>^ instead of 6j^\

Same as 539, but ', £ T

(Th. 317.) M 1-1, Wt. 172

M 11

M ri

Areas similar to 537 : but witliout date.

Obv. margin,

liev. margin,

On rev., *JR 1-or,, Wt. 175

Al IM

(540, 541 and 542 nad ^T.)

SH^R SHAh. 109

M

54-4

Mint: Date.

b. Within double Square Borders.

Shei-IObv. same as 537, but jX.^.I, and Ch!j^< cii O^^ (instead

Rev. Area,

6^

Margin, '^ ]fA o/^ V>^ i

>ii-^' ^' cH^' I 3 VP^' ^>

PL. VIII. S, 105, Wt. 178

545,

546

547

Sher-

garh

9]49

Same: but ^'^

KalfJi

949

On rev. of 545, ¥: and ^On obv. of 546, a sprig.

Same : but beneath obv. area,

^^l^ V>^

Nagari beneath rev. area, ^T ^ff

Rev. margin illegible except jaJa^JI ^i^

(Th. 3;6.) M 11

M 1-1

(Th. 351.) -51 1-05, Wt. 176

110

MNo.

548

549

550

551

Mint : Date.

948

949

949

Jahan-paimh(Dehli)

949

THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

C. With circular areas*

Obv. Area, aJUI *^)S a—W ^

Margin, J3UJI ^Uai-JI ^Js. (sic) oU-^ j-o^ j^ W

Rev. Area, jjI^—JxLj ^aw

Margin, ^ <j5a ^^ ^ ^Tf /aJsloJI ^j» O^^J'i W^^' -^^

On obv., *

Pl. VIII. (Th. 348.) M V15, Wt. 174

Same: but ^ ^^ , and ^W*c

(Th. 348.) jR 1-1

Same as 549 : but jS^ ^\ and date ']*^] at right side of Nagari.

M 1-1

Same as 549: but date ']f'\ in area under aO.*, and oUJl^

in margin after jila«oi\

(Th. 349a.) /r 1-2, Wt. 176

* The margins of this type have generally one or two ornaments of a

heart-shapo, or in the form of a whorl, etc.

SHEB SHAH. Ill

MI

No. Mint : Date

552 950

553

554,

555

556

557

950

950

Same as 550 : but ^ £o at right of Nagari.

(Th, 348.) M l-2o

Same as 548 (oW--c) : but ^ £ at left of Nagari.

Same : but O^^ ; and H° at left of Nagari.

951 Same : but ^ £ I at left of Nagari.

m, 1-25

M 1-1

M 1-1

Sharif- Same: but ^ £ I at right of Nagari, and »\4\kiji. beneath

abad

558,

559

951

952

559«

rev. area.

Same as 556: but ^ ^ f at left of Nagari.

JR 11

^ 1-2, Wt. 175

M 1-16

SQUARE SILVER.

Pl. Vin. Sqtiare. M •7b, Wt. 179

112

MNo.

560

Mint : Date.

949

561,

562

950

o63,

564

951

565 952

566

THE STILTAN8 OF DEHLf.

COPPER.*

Large.

Ohv.

^e^

^s

^Er

date obliterated.

Rev.

PL. VIII. (Of. Th. 355.) M -95

Cf. Th. 355.) JR -95

(omitting <UJ1)

(Cf. Th. 355.) M -95

M -9

^ -95

in centre, *

* On the obv. the ^vord ^\J\ is sometimes (566, 577, 579.) changed to

^^Ul ; and on other coins an intermediate form ^>^\ seems to bo used.

On the rev. of 561, 563, 677, 578, ^^lU., is substituted for ^^'UJl.

siiEit snAn. 113

MNo.

5G7

508

Mint : Date

Agrab

950

950 or 1

568r/

Ohv.

Witliin square,

{sic) J 1 '^)

Outside,

569

Sher-

garh

951

Hissar ?

951?

570 Gwalior

950

571 Gwalior

951

^e- or ^gl

but ^ £ I in margin.

,, (?) in area;

marg. obscure.

^£o

^€

Bev.

Witbin square,

Outside,

(Th. 356.) S. -95

but mint j^l (?)

^ -9

lint dji ^-i*

(Th. 358.) yE 1-05

(Cf. Th. 357.) vE -95

marg. differently arranged.

(Th. 35>(.) ^ -95

^M^J

(Th. 358.) .E -95

114 THE SULTANS OF DEHLi,

Mint: Date.

Grwalior

952

951

Ohv.

Same as 567

:

date obliterated.

no date in area;

but ^ £ Iin margin.

Within square,

Margin varied.

Hev.

Same as 571.

(Th. 358.) M -96

but mint (9) C^ci^

M -95

Within square,

^l—iaJLw

Outside,

[<<i]3UaJLw3

M 1-0

Within square,

(S) LfiJ^

JiAw>

Margin,

•0 aJJI jJa.

SH^B SHAH. 115

MNo.

576

577

578

579

580

Mint : Date.

918

919

950

952

952

Second Size.

Obv.

1^^

^£

^er

"izr

Rev.

M -8

but ijUaJL; ; and <iSXo <UJI jJa.

M 75

Same as 576: but ^jlfcJL»

M -75

(O^laA-Jt)

M -85

116 THE SULTANS OF DEHLf.

JE

No.

581

Mint : Date

KalpI

945

582 Kdlpi

583

584 Gwalior ?

Oiv.

Within square,

(sic)

Margin,

blundered.

Sev.

Within square,

Ol WJ.

, ^ .,>

Margin,

>Aiii«Jt>jt

Pl. VIII. ^

M -75

mint obliterated.

<x.X.X.><i mX-a-4^

^3 '8

SllfR SlIAU. 117

Mint : Date.

9i8

94.i

Obv.

iL

OUaJUl

Small.

Rev.

\\ hJ>~)

JiL-OI

At side and beneath, [^]PA

^ -5

PL. VIII. ^ -5

ciphers obUteiated.

M -55

M -5

iPa?

^ -55

J 5-

Pl. VIII. jE, -i

118 THE STJLtAnS of DEHLf.

No. Mint: Date.

XXXV I. -I SLAM SHAHA.H. 952—960.

SILVER.

A.

952 Obv. Area, within square,

Margin, in segments,

Rev. Area, within square,

^VJftLrf w JAM*

r^ aCJU aJUI jJLo.

iSr/ Islam Sdhi

Margin, in segments,

>iii«JI ^' [LH-^'3 ^*^]-^' J^ [J>^' O^J»^'

.S, 106, Wt. 168

952 Same : but ^ E f beneath obv. area, instead of at side of

rev. area.

(Th. 360.) M 11, wt. 173

ISLAM SHAH. 119

MI

No. Mint : Date.

5U Agrah953

595

59G

Agrah954

954

597 956

598

599,

GOO

601

602

G03

Same : but '] £r ; and mint, ojJ\ ^

Ornament on obv. area, X

Same : but lE^^-

On obv. * , on rev. j^

Same : i £1^ ; rev. margin quite illegible.

On obv. ^

Same : but i £ 1; traces of mint in margin.

On obv. *

.51 1-15

JU 1-05, Wt. 170

M 1-05, Wt. 176

956

Gwalior ?

957

Gwalior

958

960

Same: ^£l . On obv. £).

Pl. IX. M 1-05

M 1-05

Same: but ^£^ ; margins illegible, except ...*^^^ •-iH'

On obv. {Eutged.) M 1*05

On obv. i (Th. 360.) M ro, Wt. 175

Same : but i C'^ . On obv. and rev., C

Same : but ^ *1 • ; margins illegible.

On obv. 6

Same : but ^ instead of ciphers.

(Barbarous.)

M •05

M -9

120 THE SULTAnS of DEHLi'.

MNo.

604

G05

006

607

608

609

610

611

612

Mint : Date.

952

953

954

955

957

958

959

960

Gwalior

952

B.

Same as 592 : but ^ £ T horizontal ; and top segment of

rev. margin, FVVX^

(jJ^jI instead of ^^)(Th. 359.) M 1-3, Wt. 172

Same : but lET

Same : but i £1

Same : but 1 ££

Same: but ^£v

Same : but '^ £ '^

Same: but ^£^

Same : but 1*1

(Th. 359.) M 1-3, wt. 180

(Th. 359.) M 1-25, Wt. 16G

(Th. 3.59.) M 1-25

Pl. IX. (Th. 359.) M 1-25, Wt. 175

(Th. 359.) M 1-25

(Th. 359.) M 1-3, Wt. 17t5

(Th. 3.59.) M 1-25

Same areas as 592 : but no date on rev. area.

Obv. margin, (S)j^*^^|w>-i ^Xc^

]0^-o^3 I>o^3>^W'

Rev. margin,

{^J^\ instead of ^j)

On rev. %(Th. :j(!0.) Ai 11.5, wt. 177

islAm sHAir. 121

Mint: Date.

Satgaon955

Obv. Area, within square,

Margin, in segments,

Rev. Area, within square,

.1 o\ .•^)u-<t

Margin, in segments, retrograde, , j

Pl. IX. (Th. 360.) M 115, Wt. 17G

955

9oG

956

Same as 592 : but ^££ on obv. area.

Rev. Area, jjUa-Lj ali ^'%-i\

)L J—*-

Margin onl}^ partly legible. Ornament ^.ai 1], Wt. 163

M 1-1, Wt. 164

Same as preceding, but ^ E "1 on obv. area.

Obv. margin of 616 as on 613 ; rev. margin differently arranged.

Ornament on rev. ^jR 1-2

{Clipped.) M -9

Same as 592: rev. margin illegible > no ornament.

122 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

Mint: Date,

957

954

Obv. Area, within double square,

a]XJI 's)I a )l ^

Margin, in segments (one only visible),

Rev. Area, within square,

"i]ev a3UxL-3

Margin, in segments, illegible.

(Very peculiar style.)

Pl. IX. M -95, Wt. 162

G.

Obv. Area, within circle, *>JI aJI "n)

Margin, J^Ia)! o^^-J'^ ^jlo^j^tjSJ Ul

Rev. Area, within circle, dl__w

j^^j. ,1

^^\ \^\,^ 0\ til J-*y^

cOUaJLw^ <sS\a 4JUI jJl^

(S)

Margin,|

ja)a^\ ^\ i^.J^^^ UJjJI J'i^.

(Barbarous.)

Pl. IX. AX. 13, Wt. 175

islAm shah. 123

MNo. Mint : Date.

621 95x

622 95i

623 960

C P P E E.

Thick and Large.

Obo.

Beneath, ^£f

Last line,

^ 1 ° oi^D;

Bev.

ol i >6^> rl

(Th. 363.) .<E -95

Partly effaced.

(Th. 363.) JE -9

^jUsJ—» oU> j-yit yj-i

Ornament, ^^ -95

624 953

Second Size.

Date, in middle of last line,

Same as 621.

M .3

12J. THE SULTANS OF DEHLI.

MNo.

G25

Mint : Date.

Third Size.

Within square, Within square,

^ -65

626-

029

Thin and Small.

U^-^J"-

JiU-a-Jt

(Th. 361.) ^ -5

^ -5

yE -5

^ -5

MUHAMMAD 'AdIL. 126

.11

No. Mint : Date.

G30,

631

961

XXXVII.-MUHAMMAD 'ADIL SHAH,

A.H. 960—964.

632 Narnol961

633 963

SILVER.

Obv. Area, within square,

aJJI ^)\ a )\ ^

Margin, in segments.

Rev. Area, within square,

aS to <lJDI J^J-a>

W^ «c4M T^

*[^ (in margin)

jiSr/ Sultan Mahamad

Margin, in segments,

PL. IX. .51 1-25, Wt. 164

.51 1-3, Wt. 172

Same : but rev. area, ,jUstlw dl—

w

— 4XJU aJI)I jJl».

(SV« Mahamad Sah

Margin, Jyj^ ^-^^j

• • •1

• • • •I

• • ••

PL. IX. (Th. 365.) .51 1-0, Wt. 177

Same : but date 4 ; and mint obscure.

(Th. 365.) .51 -95, Wt. lot

126 TUE SULTANS OF DEIILI.

No. Mint : Date.

634,

635

961

Obv.

^vft ^

COPPEK.

Large.

Rev.

d.$CJU dJJt JkJLa.

(Th. 300.) 2B -9

636

637

no date visible.

Small.

^ 7

JE '

639

Mint : Date.

962 or

963

M610

128

No. Mint : Date.

64^1

G42

THE STTLTANS of DEHLI. SIKANDAR III.

COPPER.

Ohv. Ret-

Illegible.

^^—;

—

iL

PL. IX. (Cf. Th. 370.) JE. -5

;•*

jlkJL.

M -6

INDEXES.

i

I. INDEX OF YEARS.

A.H.

132 INDEX OF YEARS.

A.H.

INDEX OF YEARS. 138

A.H.

134 INDEX OF YEARS.

A.H.

INDEX OF YEARS. 135

A.H.

136 INDEX OF YEARS.

A.H.

INDEX OF YEARS. 137

A.U.

( 139 )

II. INDEX OF MINTS.

MIXT.

140 INDEX OF MINTS,

MINT.

INDEX OP MIKT3. 141

MINT.

142 IxVDEX OF MINTS.

MIKT.

INDEX OF MINTS. 143

MI>'T.

144 IXDEX OF MINTS.

MINT.

INDEX OF MINTS. 145

MINT.

Sharifabad

Shergadah

Shergarh

Metal.

M

M

Ghazni (jJb)

KaVah

Kalpi

JR

M

M>)

N))

M

MM

[Kanauj] N

A.H.

946947951

947948

[9]49951

596

602603604601610

PRINCE.

945949X

Sher Shah

Sher Shah

Sher Shah

Muhammad ibii Sam

Tildiz

See j-^yii Deogir

Sher Shah

Muhammad ibn Sam

526527557

542, 543

532534,535,

544545, 546

568a

Page.

106106111

108

1

146 INDEX OF MINTS.

MINT.

III. INDEX OF NAMES.

I

^^^yU^-pJ I j.>>-» I j-a\J dli 153

dli 154, 155

523

^UsiJu el^Ji>i9 CH>AJi o^ 6li>:j^t 398—401, 408

402, 403, 405

,^^^^\ >-6l ^^ 9^ J3^ oU>:j ^1 404

^iUftJu>Js oU,^:^ ^1 406, 407, 409

148 INDEX OF NAMES.

^UjJI jjkJCwl &ee J|;l--«

^>j dli ^'^jLwl ^aJaJl^t O^J^JIj UjJI J"^*- JiUJI ^UaJLJI

OUslL, oli; >i^ 592—(312

613, 616-618

^UaJl-j olij^ dlwve'^L,;! jaJxoJI ^I O^jJIj ^S>\ S^ 614,

615, 620

OUaJl^ 619

OUftJL, «li>i.^ o-^ 621, 622, 624

jjUaX-/ dU»^;-w ^>^ dl^'^)u»l ^>JJJI j^_j<^laJI j-wo'^)! 623

jjUpl aaJIs. J^laJI ^UftJLw dlij-ji dli>6'i)u»l 626 — 629

^,„lic'N)l see ^^\jj\ , JL,^U^\, 0-f^t''>*W» «>^>3/—*' ^^^j>

jUsJLJI ,.;-»;lJL|I o^j^JI^ U>)I t,«H6^ 48—50

jUaJLJI ^j^LwoUJbt ^ftJn^ll ^^1 ^JjJtj ^J^' i.^»«^ 51, 52

INDEX OF NAMES. 149

A oliaJU' 46, 47

oUoLJt 53, 54, 56, 57

^«cll pUftJUl 55

J^.rJ\ oUftJL- 60

^ ^^in %firftTft» $>'i Sultd(7i) Lititimisi, 46, 47

^ftlTTg wi ^f^^l^^ Sii7'itan SH Snmasadin 38—42

^jf.N»;LJl (c~ot) see ^u.£>j

jt^ju^t see jL.»a.i^

^^^1 ^s^t 473—478, 495—523, see j^^a-l, ^a*-», ^jU^,

^-^•^jt see^ft'^l,^^

jjtuoJLJbt ^ee ,_^M»UJI

100—114

OtJ^ 0^*»Jb W'JJ' «t>U,Jifi^)t o^JaJ^I 115—118

0-»JJl3 tijJt ^U^^N)! o^ftJLJI 119, 120

^J IT^nri T^TTO^^' 'SiW'^ Sultdm Gydsudim 115—118

^U 121, 122

150 INOEX OF N.VMF.S.

jljjkA^t ojJJ see jk^a^^

^5^^^)l jiA^I j.,oU ^UslLJI 67

O.JjJt3 LJjJIj.a^^kc'N)! J^iA^\ 69

^ftflT^ 5^ T^tT^^' Suritdn Sri Muajadim 70—72

OUaX- oU. J^:> 0-»=vJ' t^J^ J^>:«)l 473—478

OUftXJt oU. J^V. ^^^^)l^j^| ^^li 479-482

oUaJLw dU J_^^ 483—492

OUaJLw oUJ^V 493, 494

>*WI ^1 CH-^'i» W^-^' ^^ l5j^' O^JaJLJI 237

oli JAaj jiJiJI ^jl ^J^xJt^ iJjJI OLc j^gjliJI ^UaJUlt

^jUaJLJt 249—254

^j^3«Jlj..^lj.^U 238—240, 243—248a

dlw ,^Xstj jklA^\ 242

INDEX OF NAMES. 151

oli, JJLiu 255. 256, 258, 259

^: TRo^rTT TmiTir'^* S'-ih Suitdm Gydmdim 255, 256

jA^a*^' a^ O^-^^b WjJ' ^'^^ iJJ^I J^tV-^l jLja-Jt jjUiJ-JI

OlM^I dliiUj 241

^UaJL«i dU. JJLi3 393—397

^jJt^ \iJji\ A)'i)L>. see iu-tf'j

c

334, 335

j.«.a.l ^Lxll^l AJUt^b^^UJI 336—341

j.«».l ^l^l^tvoU*:^! 343

J^*.t ^l**)t ^1 366—368

0^«^' \L>i'^^ (^.^^loJI see ji%^\, jfjti

^J\jJ^\ ^jJt ^.claJI see^o'iLwIjjMjw

r^Uii see ^Ui^ili

152 INDEX OF NAMES.

j^\ ^3 o^J*J^" dU3>-^ cHJJb UJJJ»>^U>fflie'^' O^^^^l

^jj^^t 236

aJUI ^uJL». see ^jU«

^2>*^U3I w>j Aft-JL^ see i)jU«

^jUjJI ^uJl^ see y6*iL-l,j«w

^;^,5-u^l ^^-^1 A.AJLsiJI 456—459, 470, 491, 492, and see

^UjJt ^ji\ see ja*%^\,j^

^;>*«JUJl <^j see JjUo

iujji\ ^\ see ^-a^«««<fJ<

,Jh^jJI see O'^^o-jJ' ,^5^ J£>^ioJI

aJDI A^tt'j see J^«a».-e

^jJl3 L3jJI A^j ^[ ] o^J*J^I 63, 64

^jJI^ UjJt i^j see Af^j

^jjjjl^ LijJi) \j^i see j^\jj\

> J

(jUjJI see >e'^l

INDEX OF NAMES. 153

juJuJI see (^iJu, jL^jw^

^J\ii\ jjjSLi fee jcoi»~«

^UaJL* olw jL«A^ ol^ JjuiCw 424

^UaJL, oU, ju»a*-« ^ dU, jJjSL, 429, 430

dU»jJu5C«» (>s**>o^'>^' ^^ ^2^» ^^^

^^UftJLw 6U, jjJJL> 427, 428

OUaJU oli J>JLv^ oli jJUJL, O-^-^P' ^5^ J^>i<^J 495—517

(dU^ 505)

(hi) uLijjkJw

—

w)Uc Jy^wL».wwt oUf jjjSL) ^ILJL» 640

dlSr jjuJCw o^^=^ 641, 642

yjUftXw see ^iA\jj\ , ji%^\ ,,_;1»IJJI, J>iv^,j.*w,^U, «Voa»«

^jlLJLJt see ^.oiAtj-il, dli-«|;l, vftliLrf!, jjL^UJt, j>»Xj, voj/v:',

J^XyJ, JXij, jtj-^a., ij-^j, j-w, >»«, iSj^, i^Ai^.

^j\^, .X»a»u>

, >^<^.c, ^>a~-«, J^Xj

^UxL; (^j) see^l^, j,xXw, i^^^a^, ^3A.~o

^UftUI see j^ ^t, JJaj, jj^iSL/, j.a1s>, J^^, ^j^, J»-o«»~«,

164 INDEX OF NAMES.

^JlkJL.H see J^^ , jJ^i

^IfrJ^ see fjS2^^\

^^JMcy^\ jfi<c\ «^AM* see j^j-t^

*

olii see ^f^\j.j\ ,j:iij ^S

,>e1jt,>B^Lj1, ^W> J>V^> ti^>

j^jjl^ WJjJ' c'-*^ see ^<,;lJI

juy^)l see ^J^, J^-o^*^

WW—OUxL-Jt dl^ j-j^ ^aJsl<JI ^I o-:i-^'3 ^-J^J' J^^ 524—536

^UflJL» dU» ^^ jaJs-oJI ^1 CHJJ'i ^JJ^J' ->4)^ 544—559

oli j^ ^j\LX^ ^;AJa-oJI ^\ o^jJlj LJJ^JI -xjji 542, 543

oU 537—541

OUJUI 560—56G, 576, 579, 580

OUsJLw 577, 578

>JsmJI ^I dli^ o^^*^ 567—574, 581—583

oLi j-^ (^) jj-jU o^JaJ^' ^5^^*J' xs'^'i" 575

OUaJUl dli j^ jiL^\ ^\ Jil*)l o^J*J^' 584

oUaJLw dU, j^ JiUJI c>^hX^\ o^jJI AiJLo- 585—591

INDEX OF NAMES. 155

^ilJaJlw^ 387, 388, 391, 392

oU j_5^-i ^f yiH 389, 390

jiJo (v>v) «6^ j^ >j'

J^U see

J^laJt see >e'il.-jl, ^^, J^.te^<«

ot^U—

dlw J^^ai^ o^ dUw»JU ^jUaJLw 470

OliftJL- oU^U. 471, 472

^^Ls}l (^t) 5ee J^>»ll

^^^tjJI jLfC see

i-a.1^t jujJt see

jua)I a/2^ ju£ see

6j»k£. see JJ>Xi

^^jjlj tjjjjt "ilLft see jk^o-:^-*, >3JL~-6

oLw ^«&—

OliaJUl 205

e

{Jj^ r see ^*i

^^jIaJI see ^^iJo

jjjjJIj LJjJI w'Lc see v>*b, j.^Aa5,

(.jLi see o^

156 INDEX OF NAMES.

«JLa)I (^t) see j^^t^^, jk.cux^l, jj>h

Ota^ (sic) 382—386

^jJlj iJjJt j^jji see olw j^

*XJji (Ch) see jt-oJ»*-«

(i) oli jjj^ ChJJ' u>^J—

"^«FX!I ^^TS Bukana din 61

(ii) dU» J3^ ^jJI J'iJ^—

OUaJUl 138—145

oli,j3j-s CHJ^Jb UJ^M J'^^^'^t O^Ja^' 146—148

OJJ^)b l!^jJJI J^a-^^'liH O^J^' 149—151

eUr j3^ 152, 152a

^^: ^T^iTT ifoST^^ '^''«'^ Sultdm Jaldludim 146—148

5ee also ^^\jj\

(hi) ol5» J3J-S

—

^UxU dlw j^j-jj j^bjj JuSW iPh 343

^UaJUl 344—347

0^><^' ^*<t s^lJ (^JlJaXw dliw j3j-i 348

^UiuL-, ol^ j^^ 349—381

«Ur jj^ 382—392

INDEX OF NAMES. 157

jjjjJI^ IJjJt ^fJs3 see ^jL<

J)

^ji^\ see

OUftJUl iUc^ 0-:!JJ'i Uj^M jjw ^o^'NjI o^^*J^' 123-

128

iU.& ChJJIj ^JJ»>a*.<riifi'^» O^^^^J^' 129, 130

^jJlj UijJI jjw^«^'N)l o^J*J^" 131—133

^jjlj UjJI jA« 134, 135

J.SM 137

(jjjA« 136

st ^I^t Miai<^^'

'Sf^'*' Sultdm Muijudlm 129, 130

^jJlj UijJI jjV** see

(i) ol^w i)jl*c

—

0-j^>JI>**l 206—208

ji-^U AS'iJ^iJl ^>-*J ^J^>)I jjUJwl ^jUaJLJI jJJ ^UaJLJt

O-s^^l jt<^ 209—211

158 INDEX OP NAMES.

O^^^ 212, 213

oUaJUl 214

^OaJLJI CH O^J=^i' 215, 216

OUaJUl ^j\ o^^aJ^I 217—220

^>4i^^^l ^j<l dUUg JjI^JI jUftJl^l o^t o^^*J^' 221,

222

aJDW cP'^J' 0^^*J^' O-*"'0^^»J^^I 223, 224

^UaJLJi dLl£»jL^ v>:!-)^b W*^' s^is3 jAixoJt ^t dJLit AftJL^

oUaJUl c>if» 225—228

OUftJUl v>v1 o^^aJ^» 229—232

^jJlj LijJI ..fJaS ^f^l voU-N)! 232rt

oLi^ jL^ 233, 234

(11) oil .i'j^-e—

j^UftJU dU. ^jt^ v>-^>«JI /i-*' ^U 446, 447

^UsJu- ali JjL^ 448—454

oU> JjL<o 455

INDEX OF NAMES. 159

0-;-i->»Jt^ iajJla^ll 349 -358a, 371, 372, 408, 429, 430,

435

aJUI juc >^! AiJUJI 359—365, 373, 387, 388, 391—393,

398—401, 406, 407, 411—415, 420, 420a, 424, 434

,>wU^t j^l>eU*s)l 421—423, 431—433

aJUI juc ^\ j.^^^)\^t^\^lc^\ 384—386

aJUI juc ^t 389, 390, 394, 395, 409, 410

aJUI^ J^^iftJI see JJLij

OUaJl-JI dU. j^,a^ o-o*y J^^ c^'^l 260—263

^}XaJ ^ jc»A.^ 4jJt ^LoA.j ^^^|>il Ju«3l 264

oU, JJL*5 265—272

oU> JAaj ^>y jLo^a^ aJDI J-j*w j^ jjkla^^l 274, 275

oI^aUJ ^ J^.a^ aJUI J---; j^ jJkla-^l 278, 279

dLiLUj ^ jL,,*^ J^UJI oUftJUl 280—283

JJLiu j^^a^.« ^jo-iyi ju.t 284—290

JJLiu OJ >«=*-« ><r!>^ I *J^I A<^j L5^'>J' 291—298

JJLiu j.<^a^^yDt dJJt A^».j ^^L>JI 299

Jii; J^>.a^ jljJ^I *J^ 300—308, 318

4>Xi3 ^ >o^~« djk-^ 310

160 INDEX OF NAMES.

JJLij ^>. ju»a^- J^\ 319—322

(sic) Li j^Jla3 ,jv «>"»a»»^ 324

ol^ftXaS ^ Jk o'^- *' 327

JUj ^i j.,,^ 276, 277, 314, 315, 317, 3176

JJLiu j^,*-« 309—313, 318, 323, 325—326

^t *ft^^ '^^'^'^ Mohamad 318

^L; 1—

3

>eL» 4

1—3

6—8, 20

>L, c>:.jL<,*-o^JifiN)l o^i*J^» 9—11, 27, 28

(^) JAoJI o^^-J' 21

^jjl3 UjJI>Jw 22, 23

^ jf?»T?" WW 'S'/'i Mahamad Same 12—19, 21

^ j^i^^ ^-^ ^JT '§''» Mahamad vene Sam 30

^ jj^jj^ ^TJl (Ji'yi Mahamad Sam 31

INDEX OF NAME8, 161

^ "^Wtx H^T^ ^rnr Sn Hamlra Mahamad Sam 32, 33

^ ^^^: <Sr« Hammirah 9, 12—16

jj-i*^l ^*-«l j-cU is^UJI O-co^ (^^' jju£w ^jUaLJI

157—181, 195-201

oU J^o^ CHJJ'i ^JJ' •iU>ffJ^'i)l 0^^*J^< 182—194

^>jjJl3 LJjJI *^j^^)\ ^J^sXJS 202, 203

oU. jL«a^ 204

^J ^cjirii ^^5T^^* ^^^^ Sultdm Aldvadirn 182, 194

oUi juji yj~i dL> jL^>a>..o ^UaJLi 456—459

^UaJL- dl^ j^^- 460—466

*U» j^KS^ o^J«^ 467, 468

«l^ JU»ar^ 469

^UaJL, oU» j3^ *lw jc»a>u> 410—412, 415

^jUaJL-; oli j3^ ol^ jL»a.^ 413, 414, 420, 420a

^UaJU oU ju^a^^ 418, 419

oUi j^«'»<.c ^f^^W j^\ w^l3 416, 417

162 INDEX OF NAMES.

421—423

Jib j^«a^ o^kJU jAJa«JI ^jt o-iJJ'i WjJ' JjW-ft 630, 631

oUaJL- dU, J>U j.<,a^ 632, 633

«U, jc»s^ o^^*J^ jJbla^l ^jt 634, 635

olw j^.oA>»« . . . . i«Jt^j| 636

jL»a».^ ^UaXw 637

«U> jL«a^ . . jJI (S) jubUw^ 638

Ji\t J^«A^ ,jUaJL> «XAla^ 639

0UaAw85

OUaJl- 86—91

OUaJL, 9^—95

5^<,a^ O^JJIj L^jJIz-dU^CN)! o^JUl 96—99

^ ^R^T;: ?>'^ Hamlrak 96, 99

INDEX OF NAMES. 1G3

j^lJaJL;431

^UaJL, 432, 433

^Uxlw dU> jk-fra,.^ dlw ^3^a.^ 434, 435

^^UJL» dli i^..— 436—441

yj^^\^ dJi\j^o^sCL^\jblc*:)\ 74—77

0-ii*>«JI >wel^ff-a3u^l>oU'N)l 86—95, 100—114, 123—128,

138—145

4JJU ft^im rM

328—331

,>«U>oJI 332

dJDW ,^«Cm.^H aJDI 3Ju)^ 333

0-w^>oJ« j-w«»>'tfi'ii-«JI>6U'^l 35, 37, 62, 67, 73, 85

OUftJUt 73—77

164 INDEX OF NAMES.

«l^ i^SL^ V>i-^b ^t"^^ *:^^oi^*^^ O^J*J^' 78—81

jjUftJL* ^ ^^*«.,« . . . "iJt 83

^cnf^Td Alddin 84

Wt Srz 82

4>*^X«-oJt see jb%^\

^ftjsufrll (^1) 5ee dlw voljt, >rtA|/^', ^e'iV-'', lA***''? v>t^>

^b%^, ii^i^jJl/-*" >«•-'» ><^»J3>**' "^J^' •i^OO^, i>6*-«,

dJUV Juiu**)! *Ift3l ^jt ^>-wU.^I^^I^U'^t 344, 382

^\^\ c>4io^l^>6UN)l 345—347, 383

-„Ia)1 ^« AiJUJI 369, 370

jAo)t see jjJL

«2lJU)t seejjlj

2SX^ see SL^oj

4*^3^ seejjJu

INDEX OF NAMES. 165

o-t^^^ J**' >-«^ *^^ >«j*W> tA»^i, vftlKT*, J^) 3>'*>»'>

AJUIC>iJJ>^LJI 1,2,3

^>4i*^l^^1 aJUI o^JJ>«^I 6, 7, 8, 20, 21

\^i*^^^\ j<i^\ ojioj see <u«0}

^UaJU olw 0/«£u ^^>y<oj^)i jiy^t ^^U 442

^UaJL. «U- 0>Ai 443—445

^j-5-U^I ^-^t ^3 see ^j""^

166 INDEX OF NAMES.

jJ^

—

Wj^" h-^ d*i)3<>3 ojk*c 20

jjJLj djuft 22, 23

jJ^ iJ-JjJb WjJ» «-^ >«J» -iJUUI ojuc 27, 28, 29

ai'ilkoJt !>-«-» see ^jU-o,

IV. INDEX OF NAGARI INSCRIPTIONS.

^ToyTf^irr 84.

^f(l^O ^"^ ^»w^T^ ^^ 43—45.

^ or ^

it 46, 47.

^TiTTO Ft JT^nr^'f 70—72.

^ITTO W\] ^^1^ ^ 61.

^T^RTT Ft H»W^ 38—42.

^ ^F^TJT^f 613-618.

^ ^F^TH ^Tf^ 592—611, 620.

^ ^T^? ^ 43—45.

^ w^^^ T^ ^*T 30.

Ft ^'^p^ ^T^ 12—19.

^ *T1|»T^ FT»T 31.

^ H^»T^ ^? 632, 633.

^: ift^«r^ 318.

168 INDEX OF NAGAEI INSCEIPTIONS.

^ TTTT FT^ 537—543.

^ ^ ^ 648—559.

^ ^ ^T^ 524—536, 544—547.

^'t: ^ni ^Toriw^f 182.

^"i: ^HT JTxn^Tf 115—118, 255, 256.

^V. ^in n^T^^' 146—148.

# jcJPT ^V^ 630, 631.

wi w^wt ^^^"^ 129, 130.

-saft ^in[ f^yfrifiTfiTfti 46, 47.

^ iif(T.: 9, 24—26.

^'t ^ifrc: 96—98.

^ V^x: 24—26, 38—42, 51, 52, 63—66,

70—72.

^'^ ^*ft^ ^^^^ Trm 32, 33.

V. INDEX OF POINTS, ORNAMENTS,

AND BORDERS.

. 62

. . 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 112—114

... 35, 37, 67, 73, 86—95

.-. 9

o 86—95, 103—114, 139—145, 162—181

*or * 6, 22, 23, 24—26, 505, 514, 542, 543, 545, 547, 548,

566, 595—597

X 594

^ 595, 623

^ 612, 614—617

^ 604—611, 620, 630, 631

SS 545

n 502, 507, 508, 511

y 598

c 599, 601, 602

i 600

O 544

= 603

Arch, 36

Sprig, 546

170 INDEX OF ORNAMENTS, ETC.

On the side of the Bull Nandi :

—

( 12—16, 43—45

1

1

38, 39

(II 61

e 70—72

« 40, 41

«^ 42.

On ihQJhul or flank of the Bull Nandi ;

—

^ 12—16,43—45,61

M 38

F 39

n 42

+ 70—72

Borders

:

—

Circle, 36, 55, 58, 100-102, 115-118, 123, 138, 153,

157—161, 182—194, 209—213, 235, 238—248a, 260—

264, 274—277, 300—308, 325, 326, 332, 345—347, 404,

410, 416, 425, 426, 446, 447, 479—482, 548—559, 620

Double circle, 299, 318

Square, 206—208, 402, 403, 524—543, 567-575, 581—

583, 592—619, 625, 630—633, 640

Double square, 3, 6—8, 20, 21, 36, 37, 115—118, 153^ 253,-

237—240, 243—248a, 544—547, 519

Square enclosed in circle, 53, 68

INDEX OF ORNAMENTS, ETC. 171

Double square enclosed in circle, 35, 37, 62, 67, 73—77,

85—95, 103—114, 124—128, 139—145, 162—181

Quatrefoil, 328—331, 336—338

Cinquefoil, 334

Sixfoil, 366—368

Hexagon, 265—273

Hexagram, 56, 57, 60

Hexagram enclosed in circle, 53

Octagram, 152, 152a

Octagram enclosed in circle, 54

Zigzag, 59

Ornament, 134, 135

VI. INDEX OF DENOMINATIONS, MARKS

AND FORMULAS OF GENUINENESS, ETC.

^\£s t\4i 306—308.

a£j 300—308.

JUOoJ) 328—331

^»AjjJI 1, 2, 319—322

^^1 ^jjJI 319—322

jtojci) 6, 7, 8, 21, 260—262, 264, 328—331

J:Ju)<6J\ jUjjJI 328—331

,^^^1 314, 315

lSiJ\ 67, 100—102, 105, 123, 138, 157—163, 206—208,

235, 237—241, 243—248, 274, 275, 343, 344, 347

^>yi 319—322

^judl263

i-oAll 62, 86—95, 103, 104, 106-114, 128, 139—145, 153,

164—181, 209—213

, Jl& cJJk 323

Jjs. 53—58, 121, 122, 136, 137, 152, 152a, 156, 204, 233,

234, 323

^U JjLft 121, 122

174 INDEX OF DENOMINATIONS, ETC.

^J;Jx^ Jjs, 136

^\£s c-mSa Jj^ 323

j\^j^k\ ojJ^jj^j^jp ^\j B.Cj j^y^A 300—305(?

^\^j^\ 6JJJ jl^jjij j3 ^[£s dU^;j sSlj j^ j^ 306—308

jl3»^*^l «jUj J^ jij^^jj 3iSL) 318

VII. INDEX OF FIGURES.

Bull Nandi to left, recumbent, 12—19, 22, 23, 38—45, 61,

70—72, 84

Chohdn Horseman to right, 9, 12—19, 24—26, 34, 38—45,

48-52 (?), 61, 63—66, 68—72, 78—84, 96—99

Goddess Lakshmi seated facing, 30—33

Horseman to left ^^ith lance at charge, 4, 10, 11

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS INDEX.

aJUI J^j jl»»-o AJJI -n)! a)! ^) 1—3, 6—8, 21, 22, 35, 3G,

264, 274, 275, 524—559a, 592-620, 630—633, 640

ai^j^ dju6 lji«.a^ ^1 J^v^l^ dJJI N)! ai\ ^) o' *H^' 260—263

yJ.J^\ ^_^ «>vJaJ JaJI O-d^i (^^V^W A^i-'J J>-o' L5**^' ^

^^1 (^^ i>>iriaJ JaJl Ori^3 ^^^ ai^j J-^jl i^->Jl 5*

4Jl£9 3, 6—8

Jjii)) ^t^ ^;i)l aJDIj 276, 277

^CLcj^-n)! ^3)5 Jj^^l t^aiJsl^ aJI)I l^aJsl 311-313

^fr 0^«^ >* j^ (W«) >vt 274, 275, 524—534, 536, 549—

552, 554—559, 620

i^^Ac (sic) ^U—t js».& jiu ^1 548, 553

,^3 ^U^3 j-0^3 ji;:^ IjI 612

^_^j-oJI ^^ ^jU*Jl o^«i* (35J^' J-0^ Ji-f^^ j^i (IjI) ^j'

537—541, 592—611, 614, 617, 618, 630—633.

c5^ CHJ3JI ^^i oW^^ (3ij^*" j'*^ Jd**-*'' ^^ (WO ^1

j^j^l 544—547

^^^1^ J^^\ J^e. w^UftsJI^^^ J^ijuaJI^JCj gi 342, 343

tr*^>* L5^ O^ OW^ wJlJai. j-o* Jjjbo j^ bl 613, 616

O^**^ w>lJa», ^j| j.^

640

^Xc ^<^ OW^ ti^J Xft J,Aaj ^^ ^j J Jk<c^l 535

X78 MIS0ELLANB0TJ8 INDEX.

^,j ^-^ 316, 3in.

aU 85

aJD Sjai\3 .iJUUJI 325, 326

aJD ajfiaJlj .iVJUJI 284—290

AJlfc^ aJJI jUI 241

0^1 C5^'G30, 631

d^'j^S d)^)LJi aJJI J.». 382—385

J*^ J^ J* 388

Aij^)L». aJDI j^JLo. 328, 330, 331

A;:^^)L*. OjJLd. 329, 343—347, 349—365, 369-373, 382—

395, 398—401, 405—415, 420—424, 429—435, 456—

459, 470, 473-478, 495—523

aO* aJL)1 j^Xa. 524-529, 537—562, 567-573, 577, 584,

592—612, 614-618, 632—635, 639

A^lc j^Xa. 334, 335, 563—566, 578—580

<i;n<H> J^ 344, 394, 395

a3UsJu._5 ^a^ aJUI jJl». 530—536, 574, 613, 619—624

,jr^] ^\ AiUftJL-3 aO^ aJJI jJU- 630, 631

<d^JaJLw C't^t^ 282, 283

^Uj (^ 329, 334, 335, 343

OUJt ^ 328, 330, 331

MISOELLANEOOa INDEX. 179

0-«J ^ 264—273, 282, 283, 319—322, 344—347, 382—

386, 421—423, 431—433, 473—478, 495—523

-XyP ^ 35, 37, 62, 67, 73—77, 85—95, 276, 277, 560—

583, 621—625, 634—639

.ffJil (applied to Taghlakpur)

jX) and ojXt applied to Ghazni.

olS woiJ (applied to Dehli and Daulatubad)

oj'A^ and ^j^cL^ (applied to Dehli)

^^^ J^>

aaL; (applied to Jaunpur)

istiS (applied to De6gir)

Samvat Era, 46, 47

( ISO )

TABLE

RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF

ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES.

Grains

( 181 )

TABLE

RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF

ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES.

Grains. Grammes.

( 183 )

TABLEVOB

CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMJITRES

MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE.

English Inch

COMPARATIVE TABLE OE THE YEARS OF THE

HIJRAH AND OE THE CHRISTIAN ERA.

AH.

186 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE YEAES OF THE

AH.

niJUAH AND OF THE CIIHISTIAN EIIA. 187

A.H.

188 CO.MPAUAriVE TA.BLI': OF TUE YEATIS OF THE

A.H

HIJRAll AND OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. 189

A.H.

190 COMPAHATITE TABLE OF THE YEAUS OP TUB

A.H.

HIJEAH AND OF THE CHRISTIAN EDA. 191

A.D.

601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650

120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221

1222122312241225122612261227122S12291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245 .

1246 ,

1247 .

1248 .

1249 .

1250 .

1251 .

1252 .

Aug. 29

„ 188

July 28

„ 166

June 25

„ 15

3

May 23

,, 13

„ 2April 20

,, 10Mar. 30„ 19

Feb

192 COMPARATIVE TAliLE OF THE TEAES OF THE

A.H.

HIJBAH AND OF TUK CHUISTIAN ERA. 193

A.H.

194 COMPAEATIVE TABLE OF THE TEARS OF THE

A.n.

nrJUAH AND OF THE ClIUISTIAN EKA. 1135

AH.

196 COMPABATITE TABLE OF THE TEAE3 OF THE

A.H.

HIJRAU AND OF THE CHEISTIAN EEA. 197

A.H.

198 TABLE OF TEABS OF THE HIJRAH AND CHRISTIAN ERA.

A.H.

( 199 )

NOTE.The preceding table has been compiled from Professor F.

Wiistenfeld's Vergleichungs-Tahellen der Muhammedanischen

und Christlichen Zeitrechnung, Leipzig, 185J?, which are

identical with those given in Prinsep's Useful Tables, except

that Prinsep adopts the English date of changing from the Old

(Julian) to the New (Gregorian) style, and consequently omits

11 days on September ^, 1752 ; while Dr. Wiistenfeld makes

the alteration of 9 days on the day when all Catholic Europe

adopted the decision of the Bull of Pope Gregory XIII.,

viz. -^ October, 1582. As this is obviously the most general

and proper date for the change of style, I have adopted Dr.

Wiistenfeld's principle, and have not deferred a chronological

change, which was adopted in 1582 by the chief nations of

Europe of the time, until the necessity of the reform had at

last been understood in England.

The second column gives the Christian day and month in

which the Hijrah year begins.

The Muhammadan year consists of 354 days, with an inter-

calary day added to the last month eleven times in thirty years

(on the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 28th,

and 29th years of every thirty years). To find whether the

intercalary day is to be added to any given year, divide the

year by 30, and if any of the above numbers—2, 5, 7, 10, &c.

—remain over, the year is one of355 days. E.g. 30 divides 1303

forty-three times, with 13 over ; therefore the Muhammadanyear 1303, corresponding to our 1885-6, will contain 355 days.

To find the exact Christian day corresponding to any given

Muhammadan day is a simple matter of calculation. After

due regard to the yesiv being Leap-year or not, the Muham-madan equivalent is obtained by reckoning up the days of the

month, allowing 30 for Muharram the first month, 29 for Safar

the second, and so alternately 30 and 29 to the end, when the

intercalary day must be remembered. E.g. 21 November,

1884, is 31 days over the beginning of the Muhammadan year

1302, and would therefore be the 1st of Safar, 1302.

fclLDEHT AMD HIVINGTOX, IIMITBD, 52, bl JOHN'S SQl'AEE, LONI'OX, B.C.

. /

PL. I

::.^?^fe:

viTT^,.i^L^

MUHAMMAD I BN SAM, YlLDlZ.

PL. n.

ARAM_, ALTAMSH, Fl ROZ L, R I Z I YAH^ BA H RAM.

^emPL.IU.

Mf^g^^f^lyi

/v,

f.:-^

MASUD, MAHMUD, BALBAM^ KAI-KUBAD.

PL. IV..

fi'roz n, ibrahi'mi, muhammadi, ^umar,

MUBARAK I, KHUSRU.

TAGHLAKI, MUHAMMAD IBNTAGHLAK.

PL. VI.

^^\

^<<j^^|^'

A?r/>- J^^

'^^m74

/ -•.

MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK, MAHMUD, FIROZHI.

PL. VII.

TAGHLAK 11, ABU-BAKR^ MUHAMMAD EI SIKANDARI,

MAHMUD U, N AS RAT^ MUBARAK II, MUHAMMAD IX 'ALIM.

PL.VIU.

-^J .S^'

Ft

^\^\-U

e^

516

J^f^

\\^

f' <;

,2^W.^^

BUHLOL, 51KANDAR, IBRAHIM LODl, SHER5HAH.

PL. IX.

ISLAM SHAH^ MUHAMMAD A D I L^ S 1 KA N DAR IE.

^

'r-,

^rnf,

A 000 001 875

i