CASPAR study

Philip Helliwell

Will Taylor

On behalf of the CASPAR study group

Areas to be covered

• What is the CASPAR study?

• What happened before CASPAR?

• What is the future beyond CASPAR?

• Will it change our daily practice?

Aim of CASPAR

• To compare the test performance characteristics of existing classification criteria

• To determine whether new criteria derived from observed data would be more accurate than these existing criteria

What happened before CASPAR?

Most authors used Moll and Wright– Inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis and the (usual)

absence of rheumatoid factor

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

%

Moll/Wright 1973

Gladman 1987

Oriente 1

989

Helliwell

1991

Jones 1994

AsymmetricaloligoarthritisSymmetricalpolyarthritis

Vasey & EspinozaIn: Calin A, editor. Spondyloarthropathies. Orlando, Florida: Grune & Stratton; 1984. p. 151-185

Psoriatic skin or nail involvement [current psoriasis, history of psoriasis, or nail disease]

PLUS One of these 2

(a) Peripheral pattern (any of):

1/ DIP involvement [finger DIP swollen]

2/ Asymmetry or dactylitis

3/ Symmetry in absence of RF and nodules

4/ Pencil-in-cup deformity, whittling of terminal phalanges, fluffy periostitis and bony ankylosis [radiographic osteolysis, tuft erosion, ankylosis, or juxta-articular new bone formation]

(b) Axial pattern (any of):

1/ Spinal pain and stiffness with the restriction of motion present for over 4 weeks

2/ Grade 2 symmetric sacroiliitis according to the New York criteria

3/ Grade 3 or 4 unilateral sacroiliitis

Design

• Prospective, observational study of consecutive clinic patients with PsA and other inflammatory arthritis (at least 50% rheumatoid arthritis)

• Target sample size of 1012 in total• 30 clinics in 13 countries• Gold-standard of diagnosis based on

physician’s opinion• Data collected between Feb 02 to Mar 04

CASPAR was a first!

• CASPAR was the first World Wide collaboration of committed researchers in psoriatic arthritis

• The forerunner of GRAPPA

• Bigger (and better) than any of the other rheumatological criteria sets

PsA (n=588) Controls (n=536)

Disease (%) PsA (100)RA (70), AS (13), UA (7),

CTD (3), other (5)

Age, yrs (mean, SE) 50.3 (0.54) 55.2 (0.62)*

Disease duration, yrs (mean, SE)

12.5 (0.40) 13.3 (0.46)

Male (%) 52.0 37.0*

RF positive (%) 4.6 57.3*

Anti-CCP positive (%) 7.6 54.5*

PASI (median, range) 2.15 (0 to 54)

* p<0.001

Demographics of CASPAR population (n = 1124)

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

CASPAR criteria (Specificity 0.987, sensitivity 0.914)

Inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal)

With 3 or more points from the following:

1. Current psoriasis (scores 2 points) Psoriatic skin or scalp disease present today as judged by a dermatologist

2. Personal history of psoriasis (if current psoriasis not present)

A history of psoriasis that may be obtained from patient, family doctor, dermatologist or rheumatologist

3. Family history of psoriasis (if personal history of psoriasis or current psoriasis is not present)

A history of psoriasis in a first or second degree relative according to patient report

4. Psoriatic nail dystrophyTypical psoriatic nail dystrophy including onycholysis, pitting and hyperkeratosis observed on current physical examination

5. A negative test for rheumatoid factorBy any method except latex but preferably by ELISA or nephlemetry, according to the local laboratory reference range

6. Current dactylitis Swelling of an entire digit

7. History of dactylitis (if current dactylitis is not present)

A history of dactylitis recorded by a rheumatologist

8. Radiological evidence of juxta-articular new bone formation

Ill-defined ossification near joint margins (but excluding osteophyte formation) on plain xrays of hand or foot

The CASPAR criteria

• Why didn’t spinal features appear in the criteria?• Why didn’t enthesitis appear in the criteria?• What is the definition of ‘inflammatory articular

disease’?• Are these criteria suitable for classifying early

disease?• Are these criteria suitable for diagnosis at the

bedside?

The bedside exceptions

• Combination of a dactylitic toe and Achilles tendon insertional enthesitis

• A swollen knee and nail pitting

• Seronegative polyarticular disease, a family history of psoriasis in a first degree relative and severe radiological osteolysis

• Unilateral sacroiliitis and a history of psoriasis

What is planned for the future?

• For now CASPAR criteria should be used for clinical trials: permits uniformity and moves towards homogeneity

• Further development:– Planned studies:

• Clinical and radiological examination of a population of subjects with psoriasis and articular symptoms (screening questionnaire)

• Prospective study of a population of subjects with early disease

• Closer look at CCP positive subjects

CASPAR – Development and validation of classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis

• UK: Dr L Kay, Newcastle; Dr A Adebajo, Sheffield; Dr A Isdale, Northallerton; Prof P Emery, Leeds; Dr D McGonagle, Halifax; Dr N McHugh, Bath, P Helliwell, Bradford

• Belgium: Prof Herman Mielants, Dr K DeVlam.• Italy: Dr A Marchesoni, Dr I Olivieri, Dr C Salvarani, Dr E Lubrano.• Spain; JC Torre-Alonso• France: Prof B Fournie, Prof M Dougados.• Sweden: Dr B Svensson, Dr S Dahlqvist, Dr Alenius• Canada: Prof D Gladman, Prof A Russell.• New Zealand: Dr W Taylor.• South Africa: Prof Girish Modi, Dr A Kalla.• Morocco: Prof Houssani.• Australia: Dr M Lassere.• Ireland: Dr D Veale, Dr O Fitzgerald.• United States: Dr Luis Espinoza, Dr P Mease, Dr C Ritchlin.• Main Centre: University of Leeds, UK

Acknowledgements

• Funding: EULAR, Barnsley District NHS Trust, Groote Schuur Hospital (Cape Town), Department of Medical Sciences (University Hospital, Uppsala), Krembil Foundation, St. Vincent’s University Hospital Radiology Department (Dublin), Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (Durban), El Ayachi Hospital (Morocco), National Psoriasis Foundation (USA), The Foundation for Scientific Research of the Belgian Society of Rhumatology, Arthritis New Zealand.

• Radiology: Guy Porter, Keighley, UK• CCP analysis: Neil McHugh, Pat Owen, Bath, UK• Statistical analysis: Will Taylor, John Horwood, NZ