Upload
jessy-kang
View
226
Download
6
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Case Study。
Citation preview
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 1
Sydney Opera House
1、 Introduction
he Sydney Opera House sits on a 1.84 hectors of land, reaches
approximately 20 stories in height; it is credited as one of the
greatest architectures of the 20th century. Gracefully parks on the
quiet Sydney Bay, the white wind sail shaped dorm leaks out the
bold and daring creativity of the designer in its time, weaving with
its surroundings into a poetic beauty. After 3 decades, the Sydney
Opera House till this day remains the soul of Sydney, the world
renowned art temple; it is the symbolic landmark for Sydney and the
pride of Australia for centuries. In 2007, it was made the World
Heritage Site by the UNESCO.
T
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 2
The idea of Sydney Opera House originated in the 50s when the
Australian government responded to the public need for an opera house
in Australia, and called to the world for the design submission in 1955.
The rules for the contestants included a grand hall that could
accommodate 3000 people and a smaller hall for 1200 people. Both
halls must encompass different venues including opera, symphony,
chorus performances, large scale conferences, seminars, ballet and
others such as lecturers and speeches. In 1957, Jørn Utzon, a designer
from Denmark, triumphed out of the 233 designing pieces from 28
countries and ranked number one in the contest. Utzon visited Sydney
in 1957, later moved his studio to Sydney in February 1963 for
supervising the construction of the opera house. He became known
internationally for the Sydney Opera House, and was awarded with the
highest honor in the world of architect, the “Pritzker Architecture Prize”,
in 2003. It took 16 years, cost 12 million Australian dollars to build
the Sydney Opera House. Due to the shortage of funding, the
Australian government issued Sydney Opera House Lottery in 1959 to
raise the construction fee. Finally finished in 1973, Sydney Opera
House became an architectural miracle of its era for overcoming of the
funding shortage as well as the construction technology.
Sydney Opera House situates on the Bennelong Point where is
surrounded by the sea on three sides. Accompanies by the Sydney
Harbour Bridge, the Opera House displays various faces from different
angles and in different times of a day. Since the day it was opened to
the public, it has been attracting tourists from all over the world to pay
tribute to its majestic glamour.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 3
Photo 1
Surrounded by sea
on three sides, the
Sydney Opera House
faces the beautiful
view of vast sea port
and sailing ships.
Photo 2
Sydney Opera House
locates in the midst of
the busy city, in front
of the crowded high
rise buildings. It is a
leisure oasis in the
concrete jungle.
Photo 3
Contrasting from the
square buildings in
the back, the
eccentric shape of
the Sydney Opera
House displays the
bold and daring
creativity of the
designer in its time.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 4
2.1 Open for Submission
At the end of the 40s, people of the Australia petitioned their
demand to the government for an opera house. The Australian
government began the idea of building an opera house in 1950, and they
actively summoned committees in proceeding with the selection of the
designs for the Sydney Opera House. The term of the design selection
was to include "a grand hall that could accommodate 3000 people and a
smaller hall for 1200 people. Both halls must encompass different
venues including opera, symphony, chorus performances, large scale
conferences, seminars, ballet and others such as lecturers and speeches."
The international contest began in 1955 and ended in 1957 when the
selection was made. In the two years, there were 233 submissions
from 28 countries. The four judges at the time were Ashworth, Parkes,
Martin, and Saarinen.
Photo 4. The judges reviewed Utzon’s work, from the left: Ashworth,
Saarinen, Parkes and Martin.
2、 Sydney Opera House Design Contest
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 5
2.2 The Final Selection
The four judges must vote to choose the number one selection for
this contest, and they based on their own professional specialty to review
all the submissions. One story told that Saarinen was the last judge to
arrive when the other three had already began their reviews. When he
arrived, he heard that the designing piece numbered 281 has a very
unique appearance and the support of the structure could not be found, he
went to the ‘discarded’ section to look for 281. This designing piece
belonged to a Danish architecture designer Jørn Utzon. His work was
distinctive from others with its daring design that went beyond the
traditional architectural perspectives. In the eyes of the other three
judges, such a design was impossible to build; hence there was no chance
for it to be selected. However, Saarinen, whose background was also
architecture, was greatly marveled by Utzon’s design. He thought it was
a masterpiece from a genius. After seeing the finalist works listed by
other three judges, he further confirmed his persistence to Utzon’s work
and thought that it should be chosen as the number one work. However,
Saarinen’s influence among the judges was insignificant. So he first
convinced Martin, who was the most authoritative, to recognize with
Utzon’s work; and finally the last two judges turned their minds to also
agreed that Utzon’s work should be the winner of the contest. The
second story was that the contest was judged according to fairness and
equality; that the first story was merely, a story. However the process of
the review, the Sydney Opera House today already made the people of the
world experience the unique creativity of Jørn Utzon.
Photo 5
During the selection process of the
Sydney Opera House International
Contest, the judges concentrated on
reviewing the works of the designers.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 6
2-3 The Birth of A Champion
When the winner of the Sydney Opera House design was chosen,
the newspapers of the following day posted the works of number one
through three of this contest. Number one design was from Jørn Utzon
the Danish architecture designer. Number two came from an
architecture design team in the USA. Utzon was only 38 years of age
when he won the contest. He has won a number of Danish architecture
designing contests, but this was his first award received from a contest
that was not in Demark.
Comparing to other design
works, Utzon’s concept went out of
the general architectural framework.
His design was neither conventional
square or round shape but a structure
that did not exist at that time.
Though the overall design showed his
unconventional creativity, it was also
a great challenge in his life time.
Photo 6
Newspapers that posted the award
winning designs of the Sydney
Operation House International
Contest. Number one work came
from Danish architecture designer
Jørn Utzon, number two was from
the architecture design team in the
USA.
Photo 7
Jørn Utzon at the age of 38.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 7
Photo 9
Jørn Utzon and the opera house
model.
Photo 10
Sydney Opera House
Overview Conceptual
Drawing.
Photo 8
One of the Judges of the Sydney Opera House Design Contest,
Saarinen greatly appreciated Utzon's work. He re-drew it and
signed his own name at the bottom right corner.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 8
Photo 11
Sydney Opera House conceptual drawing as sketched by Jørn
Utzon in the red book in 1958.
Photo 12
Side and overview sketches of the Sydney Opera House.
Prime Minister Cahill, Sidney Opera House Chief Commissioner
Stan Haviland, and the design drawing of Utzon.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 9
3.1 Growing Up and Education Background
Utzon was born in Denmark on
April 9th, 1918. His father was in the
navy, so he dreamed of becoming a
naval officer when he was a child. As
a child, Utzon admired his father’s
ability in designs. His father was very
skillful in designing yachts, under such
influence, Utzon gradually established
his basic concept in design including drawing and model making.
In 1937, Utzon studied in the Department of Architecture at the
Royal Academy of Arts in Copenhagen, Denmark. Two of his teachers
were passionate about the Chinese architecture and their designing ideas
influenced Utzon greatly. Utzon graduated from the architecture
department in 1942, because of the WWII, he lived in Stockholm of
Sweden working for Asplund in his studio to avoid the German troops.
At the time, the importation of concrete and other constructional
materials were restricted. A group of Swedish architects began to use
local low cost materials and simple structure for construction. Simple
and neat appearances with well-in-order structure were the points of
construction that eradicated unnecessary luxury elements. This trend
was called the “Empiricism” and it affected Utzon enormously.
After working in Sweden for three years, Utzon went to Helsinki
of Finland to work with Alvar Aalto. Aalto was a master of
architecture and the experience of working with Aalto became the
turning point of Utzon’s creativity development. However, Utzon
considered travelling and field research were the most direct and
effective ways of getting in touch with different architectures of the
world, so he began his architecture pilgrimage in 1948.
3、 Master of Creative Architecture Design - Jørn Utzon
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 10
3.2 Travel and Explore
Utzon began his travelling in 1948, he visited Europe and Morocco
where he was fully bathed in the Islamic construction methods and
skills. Through the field research on architectures, Utzon was able to
experience the different cultures and different performances of the
buildings in different countries. He also was able to observe how
architecture fit naturally into its surroundings and display a natural and
coordinated beauty.
In 1949, Utzon travelled to the US and Mexico. The architecture
styles of the Mayans and the Aztecs inspired Utzon’s creativity and cast
influence to his later designs. Utzon returned to Denmark in 1950 and
set up his own studio, he then participated in various design contests in
Demark.
Utzon reached the distant and mysterious orient, the Asia, in 1959,
where He visited China, Japan, India and Nepal. He studied
traditional Chinese architecture in Asia and found that the gravity of the
western structure was inside the walls when the eastern structure was in
the ground. Utzon later visited Iran where he learned the urban
planning and structures, market trade and ceramic decors.
In viewing Utzon’s vast and rich travelling experiences, we
understand that his architecture concept was not restricted within the
framework of traditional Danish architecture; he gradually expanded his
knowledge and modified his thinking logic through his unceasing travel
and receiving stimulation from the new architectures that he
encountered. His travelling experience had a profound influence to his
later architecture design creativities.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 11
3.3 Designing the Sidney Opera House
In 1957, Utzon participated in the Sydney Opera House contest
and won. He came to Sydney Australia for the first time in the same
year, a country that located in the southern hemisphere, a land that was
half a world away from him. Because of his creative design, Sydney
now owns its world renowned symbolic landmark and shines on the
international stages.
The Sydney Opera House began construction in 1959; the first
stage was building the podium. When the construction work
proceeded to the roof in 1963, Utzon and his family relocated to Sydney
to supervise the construction work. Many obstacles occurred during
the building of the roof that resulted in numerous reconstructions.
Finally the roof was finished in 1966. The same year, Utzon and the
new administration shared different concepts when the Minister for
Public Works of the new administration, Hughes, seriously questioned
Utzon’s ability, and suggested to remodel the interior design that Utzon
had already finished. Utzon’s insistence on his design was in
difference with the Australian government and the government ceased
paying his fee. Utzon resigned and left Australia and since then never
returned. In 2008, Utzon died from heart attack, he never had a chance
to see for his own eyes this building that made him known to the world,
the finished work of the Sydney Opera House.
Photo 13
Mr. Utzon and the model of
the Sydney Opera House.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 12
Photo 15
Putting up the first batch of the Sydney Opera House roof
model.
Photo 14
Mr. Utzon discussed the roof structure of the Sydney Opera
House with the engineers.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 13
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 14
4、 Sydney Opera House Construction Plan
From idea to completion, the Sydney Opera House went
through series of setbacks. The construction plan was divided by
three stages: stage 1 the podium, stage 2 the roof and stage 3 the
interiors. The three stages altogether took 14 years to complete,
each stage encountered unexpected obstacles, and each stage tested
the wisdom and the problem solving imagination of the engineering
teams.
4.1 Stage 1 : Podium
The design of Sydney Opera House was chosen in 1957 and the
winner was Jørn Utzon. The Australian government then began
with the construction plan and the first stage was building the
podium. From the design drawing of the Sydney Opera House, we
understood that the design orientation was on the shape of the roof.
The podium must sustain the huge proportion of the roof.
Construction of the podium commenced on December 25th 1958,
unfolded the historical construction of the Sydney Opera House.
Civil & Civic was responsible for this construction work, and Ove
Arup & Partners was in charge of the supervising work. Utzon, the
designer, did not participate in the supervising work during this stage.
The construction of the podium took 4 years. Within this four years
time, many of the unexpected obstacles occurred including: 1) the
weather condition, 2) the unexpected storm water diversion, 3) the
change of the contract, and 4) the strength of the podium was
insufficient to sustain the roof structure. However, the construction
team managed to overcome all the problems.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 15
Photo 16
Many obstacles occurred
during the building of the
podium; it was finally
completed in February of
1963.
4.2 Stage 2 : Roof
After the completion of the podium, the next stage was the
highlight of the design, the roof. The roof was the key construction
work stage of the Sydney Opera House, as the shape of the roof was a
unique design. Jørn Utzon was in charge of this stage and he and his
family relocated to Sydney in 1963 to supervise the construction of the
Sydney Opera House. The single sheet structure of the roof in Utzon’s
roof design was called the “shell”. This shell like structure was
originally defined as the parabolas formed by concretes. The
engineering team was unable to find a way to build these shell like
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 16
structures as there were no geometrical definitions. The team tried a
dozen ways of constructing the shells, finally Mr. Utzon came up with
an idea on how to build them when he was peeling orange skin. He
thought the shell structure could be formed by ways of spheres, using
mold pieces with same curves to form the body of the shell in different
length, then connecting these arched sectional structures with different
length to form a sphere dissection. In other words, the construction
method of the shell must be derived from the calculation of a round
shape (sphere). However, some also said that this method was given
to Utzon by his teacher Aalto.
After finding the methods to build the shell, Utzon and the
engineering team began conducting the sophisticated calculation on the
roof structure by using the computer algorithm which was newly
invented at the time. When the data of the roof structure was
generated, they then followed the data to conduct the building of the
shell structure. Once the complicated roof structure was completed,
the tiling of the roof began. As the Sydney Opera House was
surrounded by sea on three sides, Swedish ceramic tiles were used as
the roof tiles to prevent the corrosion from the sea breeze. A total of
over one million pieces of tiles were used in this tremendous
construction. From the structure to the tiling, the roof took four years
to complete. Mr. Utzon finally finished with this unique roof after
many trials and errors.
Photo 17
Mr. Utzon found the
way to build the shell
by drawing spheres.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 17
Photo 20
The solution of the shell is like the model of the ball, the same
shells come from the same group of arched sphere.
Photo 18
Mr. Utzon introduced the way he
found in building the shell.
Photo 19
Building process of the
roof.
Photo 21
The construction of the shell was calculated by the computer to
generate structural pieces in different data.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 18
Photo 22
The structure and
the process of the
roof construction
were calculated
carefully.
Photo 23
Mr. Utzon used
drawing in his
yellow book to
assist his
contemplation on
problem solving.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 19
Photo 24
There are 12 different construction methods of roof during
building process.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 20
Photo 26
Finished roof of the Sydney Opera House, the detailing work of
the construction can be observed from different angles.
Photo 25
Left: The tiling process of the roof. Right: roof after tiling.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 21
Photo 27
1950s : the first computer used in calculating the structure of
Syidney Opera House.
Photo 28
Construction process of the Sydney Opera House.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 22
Photo 29
The simulation
drawings of the
erected Sydney
Opera House roof
made in 1963.
Photo 30
The cross section
diagram of the major
shell of the Sydney
Opera House,
indicating the
supporting beam
structure.
Photo 31
Pressure distribution
diagram after the
wind tunnel testing
shows the test result
of the major shell of
the opera house.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 23
4.3 Stage 3 : Interior
When the podium and the roof were completed, Mr. Utzon had
already finished with the interior designs. However, due to the
delay of the roof and the seriously over budget in the construction
fees, Minister Hughes for the Public Works of the new administration
was not very pleased with Utzon’s design and questioned his
professionalism. The Australian government ceased paying Utzon’s
fee and planed to re-construct Utzon’s interior designs. Utzon
insisted on his idea and was in great difference with the Australian
government. He then left Australia and never returned in his life
time. The construction was taken over by Australian engineer Peter
Hall. However, due to the interior reconstruction, the overall
construction fee seriously went over budget. In order to solve this
problem, the government issued Sydney Opera House Lottery to
raise funds and overcame the insufficient funding crisis.
Photo 32
The interior of the
Sydney Opera House.
The interior design was
not the original design
of Mr. Utzon but the
designing concept of
Australian designers.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 24
Photo 33
Interior structure 3D diagram of the Sydney Opera House and
1:120 side view model.
Photo 34
Construction process of
interior of the Sydney Opera
House. Designed by Hall,
Todd and Littlemore in 1971,
the interior was very
different from the concept of
Mr. Utzon.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 25
4.4 Completion : Sydney Opera House
Sydney Opera House was officially opened on October 20th, 1973.
Queen Elizabeth II was invited to observe the ceremony. The budget
for building the Sidney Opera House was 7.2 billion Australian dollars;
by completion, the total cost was 102 billion Australian dollars, which
was 14 times of the original budget. It took 16 years for the Sydney
Opera House to rise from concept to reality; each and every step of the
way was a trial. Such a grand construction was built upon the wisdom
and hard labor of many people. Even though the process was such a
harsh trial, it added a memorable touch to this historical masterpiece.
While admiring the majestic glory of the Sydney Opera House, do bear
in mind that each brick of this cross-century legacy represents the faith
and insistence of Mr. Utzon and the hard work of many people.
Photo 35
Ove Arup
contemplating at
the side of the
1:60 scale opera
house model.
Photo 36
Arup and his
team had taken
over the Sydney
Opera House
project since
1969.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 26
Photo 37
Overview of the Sydney Opera House; this angle shows the
unique design of Mr. Utzon.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 27
5.1 Origin of Concept – The Public Demand
A construction normally begins with responding to the public
demand, and Sydney Opera House was no exception. Without the
public demand, the construction is almost impossible to commence.
However, the public demand changes through time and the changes
of the society. Take the Sydney Opera House for example, people
demanded an opera house in the 50s and the government answered to
this demand hence a dream of an opera house was made possible.
However, during the 14 years of construction, the society changed
and people have been constantly receiving the stimulation of new
technology; their demand to an opera house also continued to adjust
and change. If when the Sydney Opera House was completed in
1973 and it was already unable to meet the need of the people of the
70s, would such a world renowned art temple that went through
turmoil and great struggle be recognized as “architectural
masterpiece of the century?” Here we see that a work of creativity
and imagination is closely associated to the recognition and the need
of the people. If an original, unprecedented work is unable to meet
the need of the human being, there then is no value to such a creation.
After all, the purpose of a construction is to bring about the
convenience to people’s living; therefore the value of a construction
resides in meeting the need of human being.
Part of the success of the Sydney Opera House dwells in the
constant demand of the public to an opera house since the beginning
of the construction, therefore when the opera house was completed in
1973, people still recognized and approved of it. If considering the
future, assume after 50 years when the technology and invention
5、 Case Review - The Success of the Sydney Opera
House
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 28
make people no longer need to go to an opera house for
performances, this architectural master piece, the Sydney Opera
House, may need to apply to a new social context and redefine its
value. On that day, the Sydney Opera House may no longer be a
place for live performances, but a museum, a theme dinning
restaurant; or to be converted into a building for other functions.
When we look at the value of an architecture, we must also
include the public demand and even wider perspective to explore the
future need of human being. “The satisfaction of the need
determines the value of an architecture”. People’s needs change,
the value of an architecture changes accordingly. Should we be
keen enough to foresee the technology and architecture that would be
needed for the future human being, the creation of the architecture
would then be proactive. To constantly surpass the past in creating
more cutting edge architectures or architectures that even cross the
boundary of its time, the human demand is definitely an important
factor that must not be overlooked.
5.2 Unique Style of the Sydney Opera House – Diversified
Thinking
The unique style of the Sydney Opera House was a great
challenge to the architectural skills of its time. How did it so
successfully win the international recognition and remains till this
day the landmark building of Sidney?
What is so special about this opera house that it stood the test of
time? This masterpiece came from the design concept of Danish
architect, Mr. Utzon. Who is he and what were the elements that
affected his success? Thinking back in time when he submitted his
design to the Sidney Opera House design contest, he was not a
famous master of architecture design and was put on the international
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 29
architecture stage with one draft of design. His success came from
“dare to imagine”, “dare to challenge”, and “dare to move forward”.
The traditional architecture of that time was unable to shake away
the square structure for it was the general style, and was recognized
by most of the professionals as the basic architecture formation that
could be constructed. How much courage would it take to draw an
architecture design that exceeded the architectural limitation?
Utzon’s success was his courage to imagine, to challenge and to
move forward that made his place in the history.
As we ponder on his growth, Utzon’s father was a naval officer
and he was in touch with many model ships since childhood, giving
him the opportunities to be exposed to the structural design concept.
During his education, his architectural concept gradually formed and
refined as he followed different masters; however, the most profound
influence came from his travelling experiences. Each country has
its own architectural style and specialty that was passed on through
the change of time. From the style and the structural design, the
human civilization development could be observed. Through
constant visiting different countries and different buildings, Utzon
kept modifying his existing architectural perspectives, concepts and
thinking patterns. He also had the chances to experience the
cultural differences and different architectural needs in various
countries. His contact with the architecture was diversified, hence
his concept on the buildings would be not restricted within the
traditional styles. It was such an unthinkable thing for the audience
at the time when he came up with such an extraordinary appearance
of a build. The shape of the building was so unique, so challenging
yet so impossible to come true. However, without the courage to
continue with it and the faith that conformed to the idea, how would
such a dream come true that was seen as impossible at its time?
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 30
In addition to the spectacular appearance, the building of the
Sydney Opera House went through so many obstacles especially on
the construction of the roof. Mr. Utzon came up with a roof design
structure that was without geometrical definition, how did he find the
way to build it through the association of an orange? How did his
imagination help him solve the task at hand? Many things in life,
be it a small object or a random movement, may become the key in
solving problems. We should train ourselves to possess the keen
observation and imagination. These we can do in our daily lives.
Do not look down on any tiny event of daily lives; it may well be the
guidance that would lead you to a whole new direction for thinking,
and the key to find the solution to a difficult task.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 31
Part I : Use your brain
Practice
The building of the great Sydney Opera House was a result of
combing many different talents. Try to utilize your imagination to
find problems and to solve them. This practice expects you to
“break through your usual thinking logic”, to break through your
knowledge framework and the restriction to your professional
capacity; that you could be bold and daring to imagine all kinds of
possibilities and ways to solve problems.
1. When designing a building, what are the ‘questions’ that you
should consider?
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 32
2. If you were Utzon, when you encountered problems in building
the roof during the construction of the opera house, what methods
would you have adopted in solving the problems?
3. If you were the Australian government, when you faced the
funding shortage that prevented would you have done in solving the
funding shortage problem?
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 33
4. In your opinion, what are the problems to the modern
architecture? Please elaborate your imagination to solve the
problems.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 34
5. What abilities and qualities do you think an extraordinary
architect should possess?
6. What are the trainings do you think an extraordinary architect
should receive? Why?
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 35
Part II:Use your hand
1. Use your imagination to try and reform the Sydney Opera
House roof, draw 5 to 10 sketches of the roof with your pen.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 36
2. Use your imagination and re-construct or reform the campus
library, including the appearance and the interiors, draw your concept
below.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 37
3. Imagine what the buildings would look like in the future world,
draw sketches and give brief descriptions.
土木工程概念設計
Conceptual Design Studio
│雪梨歌劇院│Sydney Opera House│ 38
4. Imagine the architectural appearance of the future world, draw
sketches and give brief descriptions.