Case Study: Western European Materials as Sources Case Study: Western European Materials as Sources and Sinks of COand Sinks of CO2: 2:

A Materials Flow Analysis PerspectiveA Materials Flow Analysis PerspectiveEAEE E4001EAEE E4001

Dolf J. Gielen, Dolf J. Gielen, ECN Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petcen, J. Ind. ECN Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petcen, J. Ind. Ecology, 2, 43-61, 1998; paper distributed in classEcology, 2, 43-61, 1998; paper distributed in class

  

Greenhouse gas emissions in Western Europein millions tons of CO2 equivalent (1990-1995)

(D.J. Gielen, J. Ind. Ecology, 2, 43-61, 1998)

Gas 

Emission, mill tons

% of total GHG

Main Sources

CO2 3,388 80 Fossil energy use and cement production

CH4 520 12 Agriculture, disposal sites, coal mining

N20 296 7 Agriculture, chemical industry

Perfluorocarbons 11 0 Aluminum smelters

Hydrofluorpcarbons 26 1 Foams, cooling equipment, chemical industry

SF6 18 0 High voltage electric switches

Total 4,259 100  

Case Study: Case Study:

A Method for Green Rating of A Method for Green Rating of AutomobilesAutomobiles

EAEE E4001EAEE E4001John M. DeCicco and Martin Thomas, John M. DeCicco and Martin Thomas,

American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), Washington, DC, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), Washington, DC, USA, J. Ind. Ecology, 2, 55-75, 1998 ;paper distributed in classUSA, J. Ind. Ecology, 2, 55-75, 1998 ;paper distributed in class

Range of environmental impacts of various automobiles, in cents/mile