Case Studies UNDP: SONGTAAB-YALGRE ASSOCIATION, Burkina Faso

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: SONGTAAB-YALGRE ASSOCIATION, Burkina Faso

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Burkina Faso

SONGTAAB-YALGRASSOCIATION

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

Editors

Editor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver Hughes

Contributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing Writers

Edayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughes, Wen

Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma, Mary McGraw

Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

Design

Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Parra,

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

Acknowledgements

The Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Association Songtaab-Yalgr, and in particular the inputs o Noelie W. Ouedraogo.

photo credits courtesy o Association Songtaab-Yalgr and the International Institute or Communication and Development (IICD) (www.i

org). Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested Citation

United Nations Development Programme. 2012. Songtaab-Yalgr Association, Burkina Faso. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf


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PROJECT SUMMARYHaving begun in a ew villages in the mid-1990s, Songtaab-

Yalgr now brings together more than 3,000 women

across ten provinces o Burkina Faso in the harvesting and

processing o shea nuts rom the tree species Vitellaria

paradoxa. With the initial aim o improving womens

literacy and advocating or improved working conditions,

the initiative identied the production o shea nut butter

as a viable and low-impact economic activity that would

diversiy womens livelihood opportunities and have an

empowering eect by transorming the way women are

perceived in rural society. The association exports its shea

butter internationally, producing more than 50 tons in 2006.

Prots are equally distributed amongst members, with a

percentage set aside to und community development

projects such as well-digging, provision o health services,

and HIV/AIDS education or women and youth.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006

FOUNDED: 1990

LOCATION: 10 Provinces in Burkina Faso

BENEFICIARIES: over 3,000 women

BIODIVERSITY: shea nut trees

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SONGTAAB-YALGR ASSOCIATIONBurkina Faso

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 7

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Policy Impacts 8

Sustainability 9

Replication 9

Partners 9


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ongtaab-Yalgr Association (Association Songtaab-Yalgr - ASY) is a

ynamic and growing association o organic shea butter producers in

urkina Faso. The association began as a womens literacy initiative; a

mall group o women gathering to learn how to read and write. As the

roup grew, so did the breadth and scope o their activities. An initial

ocus on literacy quickly expanded to include womens health issues,

hen broader concerns o social justice and community wellbeing,

nd then prospects or sustainable income generation. Based on

n inormal stocktaking o the groups comparative strengths, the

women identied shea butter production and processing as an area

common expertise and a potentially lucrative enterprise. The

ollective was ormed in the mid-1990s and now involves more than

,000 women across ten provinces o Burkina Faso in the production,

rocessing and marketing o high-quality, organic shea butter.

urkina Faso is a land-locked country with a varied geography and

limate. Lush orest covers the southwestern area bordering Cote

Ivoire, while sand dunes blanket the northwest area bordering Mali

nd Niger. It is also consistently ranked among the poorest countries

n the world. More than 75 percent o the population is illiterate,

0 percent o whom are women. Women in Burkina Faso also ace

multitude o legal and social barriers, including various policies

nd social norms that inhibit property ownership, access to credit,

nd natural resource entitlements. According to the traditional

ivision o labor, women are responsible primarily or the cultivation

nd harvesting o subsistence crops such as millet, maize and rice.

hey are also responsible or collecting the ruits that all rom theree species Vitellaria paradoxa (ormerly Butyrospermum parkii),

r shea trees. In Burkina Faso, shea nuts are commonly reerred to

s womens gold. They are used to produce shea butter and are

oveted as active ingredients in soaps, cosmetics, moisturizers and

otions.

A womens group born o marginalization

he catalyst or the ormation o the association was rustration

with discriminatory working conditions or women in a cluster

o villages in the rural province o Bazga, located to the sout

Ouagadougou in the centre o the country. The promotion o co

and horticultural exports under the countrys structural adjustm

programme had seen these sectors receiving major governm

investments, to the neglect o subsistence crops, the shea nut se

and, consequently, women armers. In the deteriorating econ

climate, many women workers sought employment with

transnational corporations in the horticultural sector; in the

o many o the ounding women o Association Songtaab-Ya

they were driven to do so ater being widowed and losing titl

their land. These corporations exploited prevailing social norms

marginalized womens rights; on the whole, women endured

working conditions, low wages, and little job security.

Faced with continued hardship and harassment, a group o

women employees in Bazga were mobilized to protest ag

poor working conditions, and to demand that the company res

its women workers rights. As employees o the company, they

not allowed to join a union, and instead met in the house o

o the women to organize and strategize. Ater meeting with

management team to present their demands, which received

media coverage and support rom many organisations, the wo

were subjected to even greater mistreatment, harassment

rustration. Finally, the group decided to tender their resigna

in the ace o threats rom the corporations management t

Their stance triggered a series o other resignations by most o

companys emale employees, and some male employees, ultimleading to the company closing down and leaving the country.

One woman, one income

The group subsequently ormed the Association Songtaab-Y

(songtaab, in the Moor language, means to help one another

continued to meet as a sel-help group. Beyond its literacy activ

in which women learned Moor and Dioula, two o the most w

spoken indigenous languages, the group decided to pool

resources to orm a shea butter enterprise. This came at a

Background and Context


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when the government had begun promoting womens economic

mpowerment through the development o the shea sector. The

overnment, together with other donors, provided support to the

roup in the orm o loans, literacy and technical training.

he association works to nd ways o unleashing the creative energy

local women by linking them into protable market supply-chains

nd, by extension, the modern economy. This objective has ound

xpression most concretely in the harvesting and processing ohea nuts and the production o shea butter. ASY operates with the

motto, One woman, one income and applies to all o its members

he principles o a air purchase price, direct trade, community

evelopment through sound environmental management,

ransparent and democratic decision-making, and access to credit.

he association also retains a commitment to urnishing local

women with management skills, a higher level o education and

teracy, and opportunities or peer-to-peer learning and exchange.

Shea nuts, womens gold

here is growing demand or shea butter products in local, regional,

nd international markets. For Association Songtaab-Yalgr,

artnerships have been critical or taking advantage o this trend

nd accessing equitable and protable market supply-chains.

LOccitane, or example an international retailer o body,

and home products that buys shea butter rom ASY suppo

the association to acquire air trade certication. (The cosm

company has also invested heavily in training, technology tran

processing standardization, and collective bargaining suppor

the association). Equally important in this regard was a partne

developed with the United Nations Fund or Women (UNIFEM)

has linked the group with domestic and international comme

buyers.

The employment opportunities generated through the associ

have empowered local women to escape the margins o pover

using traditional knowledge and a widely available and abun

resource. New sources o income provide a degree o na

autonomy and have created revenue streams that are chann

into lling service gaps in the areas o education, health, and

security. Collective revenues have also been reinvested into cap

development and skills training in the areas o literacy, bookkee

small-scale enterprise development, and computer skills. A wom

health inormation center oers training and seminars on mate

health, HIV/AIDS and emale circumcision. Beyond shea butter,

has become a center o transormative change or landless,

women.


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6

Key Activities and Innovations

he associations activities include all aspects o the shea butter

production chain. Women producers receive support in harvesting

nd collection, drying and processing, storage, marketing and export.

raining is provided on good practices and standards in processing

hea nuts, as well as value-added secondary processing. In addition

o producing shea butter, the association has also diversied its

production into jams made rom shea ruit. Traditionally, the green

ruit surrounding the coveted nut had been discarded. ASY, however,

ecognized the potential o preserving and commoditizing the shea

ruit. The group now processes a jam which is in high demand at

ocal and national markets. The jam, sold under the brand name

Karidelice, has won numerous awards or innovation and quality. In

ddition to its widely popular avor, shea ruit contains high levels oitamins A, C, D, and E. Beyond boosting employment and creating

n additional income stream or association members, the new

product has health benets or a population in need o both ood

ecurity and alternative sources o nutrients. ASY has also grown its

programs, activities and training in adult literacy. Basic writing and

eading skills are oered in combination with a computer training

ourse. These activities have been delivered through a project called

Maison pour lInormation et la Promotion du Karit.

Organic certifcation and biological coding

here a number o aspects o the associations work that are

oteworthy in terms o innovation. In addition to being launchednd operated exclusively by women, the association has used

partnerships and value-added secondary processing to carve out a

iche in the shea butter market. By attaining organic certication,

nd subsequently air trade certication, ASY has created a platorm

or local women to earn a air wage and linked producers into a unique

upply-chain. The group has also adopted innovative approaches to

make its product stand-out rom the competition. For instance, a

biological coding system was used to trace shea nut raw material

back to individual trees and harvesting sites, giving consumers an

ccurate and exact trace on the origin o their product.


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7

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

The shea tree (and its butter) are known in French as karit, rom the

Wolo name ghariti. A member o the sapotaceae amily indigenous

o Arica, shea trees grow mostly in the wild, so carry little need or

ny special cultivation. The shea ruit consists o a thin, tart, nutritious

pulp that surrounds a relatively large, oil-rich seed rom which shea

butter is extracted. One o the comparative strengths o the shea

ree is its resilience and the ability to survive a harsh, unorgiving

limate prone to prolonged periods o drought. With a liespan o up

o 200 years, the shea tree produces ruit ater its teenth year and

eaches ull production potential in its twenty-th year. Shea trees

re abundant in resource-poor Burkina Faso and are a rare source obiological wealth in the semi-arid Sahel region o West Arica. The

rees are ound almost exclusively in a belt less than 300 kilometers

wide, which extends rom Mali through Burkina Faso to Ghana, Togo

nd Benin. This belt covers more than 80 percent o Burkina Faso,

giving it the highest concentration o shea trees in the world.

Combating desertifcation and deorestation

The shea tree has been an important resource or the people o

West Arica. Traditional medicines use the bark as an ingredient to

reat childhood ailments as well as minor scrapes and cuts. The shell

o the nut is used as a mosquito repellent, noteworthy in a region

where malaria kills thousands every year. In the ace o encroachingdesertication, the shea tree also helps prevent wind erosion and

dds organic matter back to the soil. The nuts are processed to

obtain shea butter, which is used as cooking oil, or making s

as medicine, and in cosmetics. Shea butter is increasingly va

throughout the world or its superb healing and moistur

properties and is widely used in creams, sunscreen lot

conditioners and in the treatment o burns and muscle pain.

Association Songtaab-Yalgr has established a shea tree nur

where seedlings are nurtured or replanting. The association

been actively involved in reorestation eorts and, by extension

helped to enorce bans on illegal logging. With support rom I

Nederland, ASY partnered with the Ministry o Environment an

National Forest Seed Center to reorest over 60 hectares o lan

the southern province o Ziro, as part o a two-year project tharom 2009 to 2010. Reorestation activities used exclusively n

tree species, including Vitellaria paradoxa. At present, the initia

reorestation program is suspended due to lack o unds, howe

The premium received or organic products on the internat

market has helped to create greater awareness o conservation is

and incentivized good environmental stewardship. Associ

members receive training in organic arming techniques, and

instructed to avoid the use o pesticides and chemical ertil

Trainings include the use o organic green manure, compos

sanitation, the recycling o household waste, the ormation o b

to control water distribution (and ultimately run-o), and

rotation or soil enrichment. Theatre and drama groups have enlisted by the association to deliver this message to the ge

population.

While climate change is an observable and pressing challenge for rural people in Burkina Fas

changing attitudes towards sustainable development is as important in winning the fight for th

preservation of biodiversity.

Marceline Ouedraogo, President


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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

The rural population o Burkina Faso is largely dependent on

easonal agriculture or their incomes. This is particularly true o

women, 85 percent o whom depend on subsistence agriculture

o meet livelihood and ood security needs. Economic and social

marginalization is urther complicated by a land tenure system

which disinherits women rom their land when their husbands pass

away. Womens opportunities or livelihoods diversication andupward economic mobility in Burkina Faso then are ew and ar

between, making the employment and income generation provided

by association membership and activities all the more meaningul.

Many o the women currently working as members o the association

previously earned less than USD 1 per day as subsistence armers,

and now earn an average o USD 4 per day.

mproving wellbeing - incomes, health and education

This positive shit in earning capacity or the over 3,000 members

o ASY has had important implications or community nutrition,

health and education. Prots generated rom the sale o association

products are equally distributed amongst contributing members,with a percentage set aside to und community development

projects (wells have been drilled to enable resh water access),

health services (inormation on reproductive health, HIV/AIDS

prevention, and disease control), and educational programming

literacy). Revenues have also been invested into basic, time-saving

equipment such as simple presses, improving overall productivity

and acilitating a division o labor that allows association members

o purchase raw nuts in bulk rom women who specialize in ruit

picking. These developments have unctionally streamlined the

ocal shea nut supply-chain and created more efcient economies

o scale.

Fair trade certication has been an integral part o improving local

ivelihoods, accessing new markets, and tapping more lucrative

ncome streams or the women producers. To ensure compliance

with needed standards, ASY annually conducts an internal quality

control check and lists the support o ECOCERT to conduct the

corresponding requisite external review. Association members

eceive technical training to achieve organic and air trade standards.

Direct and collective access to international markets has enabled

ocal producers to bypass middlemen and intermediary buyers who

previously charged a high premium or go-between services.

Partnerships with government agencies and internat

organizations have increased the individual technical cap

o association members and allowed the association as a w

to produce certied organic shea butter in larger quantities.

increased its annual production rom 3 tons in the early 2

to over 50 tons in 2006. The strict processing standards

accompany organic certication, while more labor inte

and time-consuming, come with signicant economic ben

Producers receive between 100 and 150 percent more per kilogor organically produced shea butter as compared to m

conventional production methods.

POLICY IMPACTS

The rapid growth o the shea industry in Burkina Faso has le

commensurate growth in the interest the national governme

taking (and investments they are making) in the sector as a w

Shea butter is now the third largest export, behind gold and co

and constitutes an industry that employs over 400,000 women

association has been a vocal advocate or greater government

on preventing deorestation, investments in reorestation e

and the benets o reorestation or combatting desertication

8

Climate change affects all social strata. We are looking for fairness in access to finance for th

development of strategies to fight against deforestation and the development of reforestation an

regeneration of endangered species in danger of extinction.



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Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYAssociation Songtaab-Yalgr began with a number o modestly

ized start-up loans rom partner organizations. The group has

ince paid o these loans, and aims to be sel-sufcient. Financial

ustainability will be assured i current trends in demand or shea

utter products on the international market continue. Attaining

ccess to international markets then was a necessary step in

eveloping organizational autonomy and sel-sufciency. And this

ecessitated a process o achieving both organic and air trade

ertication. Ater the association was legally incorporated, they

btained organic certication with the support o a national organic

ertication program. Importantly, this gained the association

ccess to prime international markets like the United States. It wouldake several more years until the group would establish a trusted

working relationship with LOccitane, who in the end acilitated air

rade certication. Beyond market access, the association has also

ursued product diversication to ensure nancial sustainability; as

reviously mentioned, ASY now successully produces a jam made

rom shea ruit.

Organizational sustainability has been promoted and achieved

hrough peer-to-peer exchange and learning networks. Technical

raining oered to women producers over the years has created a

multiplier eect, with other womens groups picking up lessons

earned and new processing techniques. The associations purchase

appropriate technologies such as simple presses, centriugesnd solar driers signicantly reduced the time and labor necessary

or shea processing while limiting the eects on the environment.

nvestment in such technologies increases production and leaves

he women with more time or other activities o social and cultural

alue.

REPLICATIONASY conducts trainings and participates in conerences

workshops throughout Burkina Faso and many other areas o W

Arica. The association model has been shared in-country with

dierent associations. Success has bred success, with nume

womens groups and associations coming into existence and thr

based on lessons learned rom ASY.

PARTNERS

From the very beginning, the association has relied on partners

a robust, dynamic partnership to survive and grow. In 1998, as

o the Francophone World Forum Ontario, an unlikely partnedeveloped between the Flash Beauty Society o Montreal and

Songtaab-Yalgr Business Association o Ouagadougou to dev

a range o natural cosmetics made rom shea butter. From

partnership, the idea was born o organizing a production

export network o organic shea butter.

Another important partner early in the associations developmen

Oxam Novib, the Dutch organization or international develop

cooperation that works to ensure that poor people have acce

basic rights by means o structural poverty alleviation and emerg

aid. Novib provided seed unding or the construction o the

centre and assisted with the purchase o processing equipment

unding has been cited as transormational in terms o gettingassociation o the ground and in operation.

The United Nations Fund or Women (UNIFEM, now part o

Women) played a key role in the governments decision to prom

womens empowerment through investing in the shea nut se

In 1997, the agency conducted a comprehensive review o

sector which revealed that the greatest potential source o inc

or women producers lay in the production and marketing o

butter, rather than the raw nuts. For instance, in 1997, a to

o unprocessed shea nuts sold domestically or CFA70,000


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1010

xternally or CFA100,000. The same tonne, when processed into

hea butter, yielded CFA148,000. The review also revealed that

women were not beneting rom the sector. UNIFEM worked closely

with the Government o Burkina Faso to improve access to the

world market and to improve Burkinab womens economic returns

rom shea nuts. Their interventions included nancial and technical

ssistance specically targeted at womens groups in the sector.

UCN-Nederland provided support or the associations reorestationrogram, which ran rom 2009-2010, using a grant o 58,000 rom

he Turing Foundation (Netherlands).

The Canadian Centre or International Studies and Coopera

was also an important ounding partner, providing sustain

development volunteers to work on project design

implementation.

Other partners include: Union Faso Karit, Rseau Burkina NTIC

Rseau TIC et Agriculture, Fdration des Industries Alimentaire

Burkina, Maison de lEntreprise, Cong Solidaire/Plante Urge

(France), SNV (the Netherlands Development Organisation), R

de Communication et dInormation des ONG (Burkina Faso),WUSAID, DED, IICD, Agence Canadienne de Dveloppem

International, and the Royal Tropical Institute in the Netherland

The revision of the Land Act has been a big step in our history. But rural stakeholders are st

waiting for greater involvement in land tenure policymaking, and ease of access to financi

resources from government authorities. The rural people are hungry for expanded technic

knowledge and to be equipped with the tools of effective conservation and natural resourc

management.



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Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

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www.equatorinitiative.org

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and

necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

Association Songtaab-Yalgr websitehttp://www.songtaaba.net

Association Songtaab-Yalgr - Les nouvelles technologies. Video produced by the International Institute or Communication

Development (IICD). http://www.iicd.org/video/association-songtaab-yalgre-2013-les-nouvelles-technologies-miprok

Hien, M. 2010. Womens group fnds new use or green gold.Arican Farm News in Review.

Ndow, S. H. ed.A Story rom West Arica: Womens Gold shea butter rom Burkina Faso. Network Arican Women Economists (NAWE

Schoenborn, M. 2007. Burkina Faso: Fair trade benefts women who produce shea butter. Centre dtude et de coopration internation

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Case Studies UNDP: SONGTAAB-YALGRE ASSOCIATION, Burkina Faso