Case Studies & Solvent AlternativesJJCATION; Solder Flux cleaning on advanced cruise missiles. SUJ ,TS; Hughes has completed a major evaluation of potential substitute solvents for

CASE STUDIES &

SOLVENT 'ALTERNATIVES

INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED 401 East 27th Street, Tacoma, WA 98421

01993 (206) 383-1177 (800) 552 - 3100

COMPANY PROFILE

Inland Technology Incorporated

Inland Technology Incorporated is a privately owned corporation that is dedicated to the development and production of advanced solvents that are critical to all industries having to respond to the environmental challenges of the 1990's. During the past eight years, Inland has become a preeminent company in the advancement of environmentally responsible solvents.

Inland is a member of the Joint Association for the Advancement of Supercritical Technology (JAAST). Inland was invited to participate as a fill member amongst other technology giants such as Los Alamos National Laboratories, Battelle Northwest Laboratories, IBM, Boeing, Hughes and Autoclave Engineering.

Inland is an invited member of the International Air Transport Association and participated in their Subcommittee for Non-chlorinated Paint Stripping Alternatives.

Inland is active in the ASTM G-4 Subcommittee searching for new technologies for cleaning LOX lines.

Inland is active in the SAE G-9 Subcommittee on advanced methods for sealant applications.

Inland is an invited participant on US Environmental Protection Agency's "Use Cluster" committees for development of printing and aerospace industry regulations.

Inland has been selected by the National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence O C E E ) for inclusion on its list of centers and R&D organizations that are involved in the development, demonstration, supply and application of environmentally acceptable technologies.

Inland actively supports many of the largest .companies in the United States, as well as federal government agencies, including: Westinghouse, Weyerhaeuser, Kodak, McDonnell Douglas, Gnxmman, Northrop, Boeing, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, US Navy, and the US Air Force. dhuhol~wlwud3/1/94

TO DATE, THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS AT INLAND TECHNOLOGY HAVE DEVELOPED SUCCESSFUL

SUBSTITUTES FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM SOLVENTS:

USAGE TOXIC SOLVENT SUBSTITUTES COMMENTS

Methylene Chloride

1,1,1 Trichloroethane

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEW

Toluene / Xylene

Both products are biodegradable; CITREX is not regulated by RCRA or SARA, Title 111. Both are low VOC.

CITRA-SAFE@ is biodegradable; TEKSOL EP is not regulated by SARA,

Title 111. Both are low VOC and non- chlorinated

Surface SAFETY PREP SAFETY PREP, CITRA-SAFE@ and

CITREX Paint stripping; cold tank soak; resin removal Electronic &

Also, metal preparation

X-CALIBER

electrical cleaning. CITRA-SAFE@ TEKSOL EP

preparation for CITRA-SAFE@ TEKSOL EP are biodegradable;

preparation for SAFEBTEKSOL EP TEKSOL EP are biodegradable;

all are low VOC's painting or welding TEKSOL EP Surface SAFETY PREP CITRA- SAFETY PREP, CITRA-SAFE@ and

painting or welding all are low VOC's Cleaning of

fiberglass & epoxy I resins Acetone Z-STRIP

CITREX CITREX is biodegradable Low VOC's & toxicity; High flash point;

Stoddard Solvent I Mineral Spirits

_ _ _ CITRA-SAFE~ Low VOC's; CITRA-SAFE@ is TEKSOL EP biodegradable;

Parts washing & paint clean up BREAKTHROUGH@ BREAKTHROUGH is free from most

It should be noted that performance needs vary from application to application and that none of these substitutes should be expected to be 100% cross over for all applications. Also, the chemical behaviors of these substitutes (vapor pressures, dry time, etc.) may differ from solvents being replaced which may require changes in work practices in order for substitutes to be successful.

INLAND TECHNOLOGY INC. 1-800-552-3100 (8 1990

QnoLyul(mnm

Tdchloroethylene

Perchloroethylene

regulations, TEKSOL EP is low toxicity CITREX CITREX and CITRA-SAFE@ are

biodegradable, low VOC. TEKSOL EP is non-chlorinated with low toxicity

TEKSOL EP removal CITRA SAFE@

Degreasing & resin

CITRA-SAFE@ ISO-PREP Non-halogenated, low VOC's, easier Degreasing

BREAKTHROUGH@ disposal; low toxicity Methyl Ethyl Ketone

(MEN

Freon 113

Biodegradable, high flash point, low VOC, not regulated by RCRA or SARA

Title 111

SKYSOL is not regulated by RCRA or SARA Title 111, Section 313, both are low

EP 921 Paint Gun Cleanup

CITRA-SAFE@ OR SKYSOL CITRA-SAFE@ is biodegradable; Vapor Degreasing ;

Precision Cleaning WITH ULTRA FILTRATION

Is1,1 Trichbroethane

VOC'S CITRA-SAFE@OR CITRA-SAFE@ is biodegradable;

Vapor Degreasing; SKYSOL SKYSOL is not regulated by RCRA or Precision Cleaning WITH ULTRA SARA Title 111, Section 313, both are low

VOC'S FILTRATION

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES IN SOLVENT SUBSTITUTION

CASE #I

CLI[ENT:

USTRY;

GENERAL DYNAMICS MISSILE DIVISION

DefenseIAeros pace

1,1,1 TRICHLOROETHANE AND METHYL ETHYL KETONE

Hand wiping - general solvent cleaning

They have found EP 921 to be a superior, low VOC, replacement for surface pre aration of guided missile parts, and also as a replacement P or paint equipment clean up.

CASE #2

CLIENT: HUGHES MISSILE SYSTEMS COMPANY

USTRY: Defense/Aeros pace

REpJ dACED; FREON 113 AND IJ ,I TRICHLOROETHANE

JJCATION; Solder Flux cleaning on advanced cruise missiles.

SUJ ,TS; Hughes has completed a major evaluation of potential substitute solvents for use on the Advanced Cruise Missile, and has also identified two of Inland Technology’s products, CITRA-SAFE@ and EP 921, for providing the best performance for solder flux cleaning.

CLIENT:

INDUSTRY:

REPLACED:

APPLICATION:

RESULTS:

CASE #3 US AIR FORCE

Department of Defense

l,l,l TRICHLOROETHANE

Solvent Cleaning on Advanced Cruis Missiles

EP 921 has been authorized as a substitute for the ozone depleting chemical, I, 1 , I Trichloroethane where called for in the ACM Technical Orders.

CLIENT: I JSTRY:

PLACED;

PPJ KATION;

CASE #4

US NAVY, JACKSONVILLE NAVAL AIR STATION

Department of Defense

1 ,I ,I TRICHLOROETHANE (TCA) AND FREON 113

Cleaning electronics and electrical apparatus, hydraulics, and flight controls.

After extensive testing NADEP Jacksonville has identified TEKSOL EP as a non-ozone depleting, non-toxic, non- hazardous air pollutant (HAP) substitute for TCA and Freon 113. NADEP Jacksonville has issued TEI 343-2273- 93 author izina the use of this ODs subst itute.

CASE #5

CLIENT: USTRY;

J KATION;

THE BOEING COMPANY

Aerospace

METHYL ETHYL KETONE

Surface preparation prior to sealant application and general solvent cleaning of aircraft parts.

As a result of this project Boeing has award ed three specrfrcations (BAC 5000, BAC 5504, and BAC 5750) to CITRA-SAFE@ as an environmentally acceptable substitute for Methyl Ethyl Ketone. This substitute is in use on a production basis in nearly all Boeing plants, and is also being used by many of Boeing's subcontractors.

. .

CLIENT: USTRY;

J ,ACED;

ICATION;

CASE #6

NASNROCKETDYNE

Maintenance on the Space Shuttles

l,l,l TRICHLOROETHANE IN A VAPOR DEGREASER

Cleaning and degreasing of rocket parts

Using CITRA-SAFE@ as a replacement for I, I, 1 Trichloroethane vapor in surface preparation and degreasin of rocket parts. isi li pssentia[%ecause rockets fz:e Sop?~!~cI'u~l~ssa~~ reused and refitted.

CASE #7

CPIIENT: WESTINGHOUSE

USTRY; Aerospace

J ,ACED; TRICHLOROETHYLENE & 1 ,l,l TRICHLOROETHANE (TCA)

PPJKATION; Precision cleaning of plasma generators prior to gold brazing

REsmJTS: After much testing Westinghouse found that untra sound cleaning with Inland Technology's X-CALIBER followed by a rinsing procedure produced cleanliness results e ual to using Trichloroethylene and superior to vapor 3 egreasing with 1, I, I Trichloroethane. Westinghouse has awarded Inland Technology's X-CALIBER the specification M53516MN for this precision cleaning process.

CASE #8

CLIENT: THE BOEING COMPANY

USTRY; Aerospace

CED; METHYL ETHYL KETONE

TION; Painting equipment clean up

Boeing has assigned their general solvent cleaning specification BAC 5750 to Inland Technology's low vapor pressure, low VOC substitute for cleaning of paint guns and other coating equipment.

CASE #9

CLIENT: RAYTHEON

USTRY; Navigational Systems

PJdACF.D; 1,1,1 TRICHLOROETHANE & FREON 113

APPJKATION; Cleaning circuit boards

SULTS; Raytheon is currently using Tnland Technology's deodorized Citra-Safe@ for production cleaning and defluxing of electronics and circuit boards used in missile guidance systems.

SOLVENT ALTERNATIVES

INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED 401 East 27th Street, Tacoma, Washington 98421

Tacoma (206) 383-1 177 Toll Free (800) 552-3100 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

BREAKTHROUGH@

BREAKTHROUGH" is a state of the art solvent designed to help users break out of the tangle of regulations regarding emissions, disposal, and industrial health hazards.

BREAKTHROUGH@ is a virtually odorless, low toxicity, high-purity hydrocarbon that exhibits a very low degree of irritancy to the eyes and is non-irritating to the skin.

BREAKTHROUGH" has low vapor pressure to control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, is non-photochemically reactive, non-carcinogenic and is exempt from SARA, Title 111, Sections 302 or 3 13, CERCLA, and RCRA requirements. Also worker exposure is not regulated by OSHA, and BREAKTHROUGH@ has no listed components and no characteristics of hazardous waste per EPA and The Department of Ecology regulations.

In effect, in its uncontaminated form, the use and disposal of BREAKTHROUGH@ is not regulated by OSHA, EPA, RCRA, SARA, Title I11 or the various air emission regulations regarding volatile organic compounds and photochemically reactive solvents.

BREAKTHROUGH@ has moderate solvency and removes oil, grease, inks, wax and other deposits. Its controlled evaporation and relative freedom from regulatory restrictions make it ideal for parts washing and other metal cleaning operations.

BREAKTHROUGH@ enjoys the following specification:

U.S. AIR FORCE 0 Tech Order MW-1-61 Replace PD 680 Type I1 for cleaning aircraft wheel assemblies

PhysicaVChemical Characteristics

Flash Point: 150°F (PMCC) Vapor Pressure: ("Hg Q 25°C): <2 Initial Boiling Point: 370°F Solvency: (KB Value): 27 Volatility: 100%

National Stock Number 6850-01-378-0666


-.. Tacoma (206) 383-1177 Toll Free (800) 552-3100 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

CXTRA-SAFE@

Developed for use in the aerospace industry, CITRASAFE@ is a low-volatility substitute for Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), 1,1,1 Trichloroethane, Toluene and blends of MEK and Toluene. CITRA-SAFE@ is made especially for surface preparation, general solvent cleaning, and cleaning prior to sealing. It is literally a biodegradable solvent replacement for mineral spirits, thinners, and chlorinated solvents. The use of CITRA-SAFE@ reduces risks of hazardous chemical spills, eliminates most hazardous waste disposal costs, and eliminates the health hazards associated with traditional solvents.

CITRA-SAFE@ enjoys the following specifications:

BOEING AIRCRAFT COMPANY

AIRBUSlNDUSTRY

BAC 5504 cleaning prior to sealing in fuel cells BAC 5000 cleaning prior to general sealing BAC 5750 general solvent cleaning

SIL Number 20-006 - replace 1 , I , 1 Trichloroethane and Methyl Ethyl Ketone for general cleaning tasks

REI021 0-028 cleaning fluid, low vapor pressure aliphatic.

ATL 23 10-0624-0 1 Replace 1,1,1 Trichloroethane for general solvent cleaning ATL 2301-0625-01 Replace Freon 113/IPA blend for cleaning crystal lattices

ROCKETDYNE DIVISION ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAI,

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY aLABOl3AXQMS

ANTIC TREATY ORGANIZUION 0 NATO 6850-66-137-6036

WESTINGHOUSF, N53316LM

PhysicalKhemical Characteristics

Initial Boiling Point: 340°F Vapor Pressure ( m H g 0 25°C): CL Vapor Density (air = 1): > 4 Evaporation Rate (n-Butyl Acetate = l):< .l Solubility: Not water soluble

Appearance & Odor: Clear with mild citrus odor Specific Gravity (H20 = 1): -84 Volatile by Volume: 100% Flash Point: 132°F (PMCC) Surface Tension (dynedcm) = 29.8

National Stock Number: 6850-01-378-0797 -4-

INLAND TECHNOLOGY 401 East 27th Street, Tacoma,

INCORPORATED Washington 9842 1

a

Tacoma (206) 383-1 177 Toll Free (800) 552-31 00 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

CITREX A biodegradable carburetor cleaner and cold tank compound.

In order to meet a critical need in industry, Inland Technology has developed a biodegradable, non-toxic, easily disposable cold tank compound. CITREX has cleaning and stripping performances equal to traditional cold tank compounds without the toxicity and disposal problems associated with them.

CITREX contain no Methylene Chloride, Cresylic Acid, or Dichlorobenzene. None of its components appear on OSHA’s list of hazardous chemicals, and none of its components are listed by SARA, Title 111, Sections 302, 313, or RCRA. This means that CITREX can be used with confidence regarding safety, and can be disposed of with a minimum of cost and reporting. Since CITREX contains no chlorinated solvents, its use eliminates the risk of contaminating stored waste oil.

CITREX is a powerfid stripping and cleaning agent that is excellent for removing paints, coating, carbon, grease, he1 residues, resins and other tenacious contaminants fiom a variety of substances. CITREX is safe on both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and it is excellent for sensitive metals such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium.


Boiling Point: 340°F Vapor Pressure ( “ H g @ 25°C): C 2 Vapor Density (air = 1): >4.5 Specific Gravity (H20 = 1): .88 Volatile by Volume (%): 100% Appearance and Odor: Mild amine-like odor, clear blend its ingredients.

Flash Point (method used): 144°F (PMCC) Auto ignition temp: Approximately 460°F Evaporation Rate (n-Butyl Acetate = 1): -e . I Solubility: Very Slight (Water) Stability: Stable - avoid contamination with water, as water ties up and weakens one of



INCORPORATED Washington 98421

I Tacoma (206) 383-1 177 Toll Free (800) 552-31 00 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

EP 921

EP 921 is a unique cleaning compound designed as a substitute for MEK, MEWToluene blends, and lacquer washes. EP 921 knctions well as a low volatility surface preparation solvent and is excellent for resin and paint application equipment clean up.

EP 921 is a lightly regulated, low VOC, low toxicity, high flash point formulation that is ideal for fbnctioning within the modern regulatory climate. In fact, the emission limitation inherent in its formulation may qualifjl it as a Maximum Available Control Technology (MACT). Its use without vapor collection will compete favorably with the use of MEK and a 99.7% efficient vapor collection system. Users should check with local air pollution control jurisdictions for a determination.

EP 921's formulation is outside the RCRA hazardous waste regulations. None of its components are listed in SARA, Title 111, Sections 302 or 3 13. None of its components are listed under CERCLA.

It should be noted that small changes in cleaning processes and paint gun handling may be required to compensate for the low volatility of EP 921.

EP 921 enjoys the following specifications:

US. AIR FORCE 0 Tech Order to replace 1,1,1 Trichloroethane regarding maintenance for the Advanced

Cruise Missile

ROCKET RESEARCH (OLIN AEROSPACE DIVISION)

GENERAL DYNAMICS MISSILE SYSTEMS SPECIFICATION

0 RRC-M&P-0005, Solution 017, ultra-sonic cleaning and hand wiping

0 0-75173 Process Specification for Welding, Resistance, Spot and Seam 0 5-73509 Process Specification for Cleaning Corrosion Resistant Steels and Nickel Based

Alloys Prior to Spot and Seam Resistance Welding or Manual and Machine Fusion Welding.

BOEING AIRCRAFT COMPANY BAC 5750 general solvent cleaning

Boiling Point: > 340°F Vapor Pressure (mmHg @ 25°C): 4 Vapor Density (air = 1): >4.7 Specific Gravity (€I20 = 1): .98 VOC per SCAQMD Rule 1 173 (ASTM D-86) KO. 1% by weight


National Stock Number 6850-01-381-4408 ~ l l M 6 l 2 3 l 9 4

INLAND TECHNOLOGY 401 East 27th Street, Tacoma, Washington 98421

- 1

Tacoma (206) 383-1 177 Toll Free (800) 552-3100 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

INCORPORATED

ISO-PREP

ISO-PREP is the ultimate in safety in a petroleum solvent. ISO-PREP contains no hazardous chlorinated, fluoridated, or aromatic hydrocarbons. Its components have been selected from only the safest petroleum distillates.

ISO-PREP removes oil, grease, glues, inks, wax, asphalt, and other deposits. Its controlled evaporation makes it ideal for parts washing and cold tank cleaning. Its safety and near lack of odor make it an ideal cleaner for industry.

ISO-PREP is a virtually odorless, high-purity hydrocarbon that provides good wetting and a very low degree of irritancy to the skin and eyes.

ISO-PREP has a low vapor pressure (40 “ H g ) to control VOC emissions and a very low toxicity rating. ISO-PREP is exempt from SARA, Title 111, Section 313, is non-carcinogenic, and worker exposure is not limited by OSHA.


Flash Point: 104°F (TCC) Vapor Pressure ( “ H g @ 25°C): 4 0 Volatility: 100% Solvency (KB value): 28 Boiling Point: 303”-345”



.I

Tacoma (206) 383-1177 Toll Free (800) 552-31 00 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

I SKYSOL 100

SKYSOL was specifically designed for the aircraft industry as a skydrol remover and general solvent cleaner.

SKYSOL is a state of the art solvent designed to help users break out of the tangle of regulations regarding emissions, disposal, and industrial health hazards.

SKYSOL has low vapor pressure to control VOC emissions. It is non-carcinogenic and contains no ingredients listed by SARA, Title 111, Section 302 and 313, CERLA, and RCRA. Worker exposure is not regulated by OSHA.

In effect, in its uncontaminated form, the use and disposal of SKYSOL is not regulated by OSHA, EPA, RCRA, SARA, Title III, or the various air emission regulations of volatile organic compounds and photo-chemically reactive solvents.

SKYSOL enjoys the following specification:

ROCKET RESEARCH (OLIN AEROSPACE DIVISION) 0 RRC-M&P-0005, Solution 015, ultra-sonic cleaning and hand wiping

Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Initial Boiling Point: 340°F Vapor Pressure ( “ H g @ 25°C): <2 Vapor Density (air = 1): >5 Evaporation Rate (n-Butyl Acetate = 1): < .l Solubility: Not water soluble Physical Appearance and Odor: Clear with mild citrus odor Specific Gravity (H20 =l): .78 Volatile by Volume: 100% Flash Point: 146O F (PMCC)




TEKSOL EP

THE RESPONSIBLE SUBSTITUTE FOR CHLORINATED SOLVENTS

TEKSOL EP is an ultra safe technical solvent designed for precision cleaning in a variety of industrial applications where a residue fiee surface is required.

TEKSOL EP reduces the risks and cost of cross contamination fiom hazardous solvents because:

TEKSOL EP contains no 1 , 1,l Trichloroethane, Perchloroethylene, Methylene Chloride or other chlorinated or halogenated solvents.

TEKSOL EP contain no hazardous MEK, Hexane, Heptane, Isopropyl Alcohol, Methanol, or Acetone.

TEKSOL EP's responsible formulation represents a major improvement in employee safety as well as environmental impact. TEKSOL EP's "no residue" formulation and powerful cleaning action make it the safer alternative for:

cleaning brakes and other automotive applications 0 cleaning motors, switches, relays, and other electrical applications 0 cleaning circuit boards and other electronic components 0 many other precision cleaning applications

TEKSOL EP has a relatively rapid drying time and leaves no residue. Its high dielectric strength and relatively high flash point make TEKSOL EP the ideal non-chlorinated solvent for cleaning electrical components. TEKSOL EP contains no ozone depleting chemicals and is not subject to the Montreal Protocol.

TEKSOL EP enjoys the following specification:

NAVAIR 0 TEI 343-2273-93 Wipe Solvent Substitution for Freon 113 and 1,1,1, Trichloroethane WESTINGHOUSE 0 M53316LL

Physical\Chemical Characteristics

Flash Point: 1 12'F Vapor Density: > 4 Vapor Pressure ( " H g @ 25 OC): 4 0 Initial Boiling : 3 10°F Evaporation Rate: (n-Butyl Acetate= 1): .3 Volatility: 100%

National Stock Number: 6850-01-378-0650




X-CALIBER

X-CALIBER is a low toxicity, solvent based stripper that contains no Methylene Chloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or petroleum distillates. Its high flash point, ease of disposal, and fieedom from regulations under SARA, Title 111, Section 313, makes it the solvent stripper of choice for cleaning and removing the following contaminates: Unsaturated polyester resins, gel coat lines, paint guns and lines, copper guns, uncured polyurethane foam, most paints, and most graffiti and inks.

X-CALIBER has earned an excellent reputation as a replacement for 1,1,1 Trichloroethane, Freon 113, and vapor degreasing in precision cleaning applications.

X-CALIBER enjoys the following specification:

WESTINGHOUSE M53516M.N


Flash Point: 13 6°F Boiling Point: 370°F Volatility: 100% Specific Gravity: .92 Evaporation Rate (n-Butyl Acetate = 1): < .1

National Stock Number: 6850-01-378-0662

NATIONAL DEFENSE CEN TER FOR NVIRON MENTAL EXCELLENCE (N DCEE)

E 1993

Inland Technology Incorporated has been selected by the National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (NDCEE) for inclusion on its list of centers and R&D Organizations that are involved in the development and supply of environmentally acceptable technologies.

Many of its technologies and products can aid DOD installations in meeting the ir goal qf a 50 % reduction cf haza rdous waste as required by President Clinton's executive order of 6 August 1993.

rlv notewo rth v is Inland Technology's Edge Tek Partswashing System. The Edge Tek System is an environmentally and economically sound alternative for the common partswasher rental service. Fully studied, and favorably reported by the U.S. EPA, the Edge Tek Partswashing System Can reduce the haza rdous w aste gene rated bv the common va O/ rtswashe r rental service b-v as much as 93 0.

The Inland Technology Edge Tek Filter Partswasher and Solvent System

Really Works!

Inland's System provides a Miio r Saving in Hazardous Waste Generation over traditional partswasher rental services.

Here's the proofi

ReZion VI11 Says T he Use Of In land's System Reduced r Rep j o n a l Transportat ion Distric s Hazardous Waste t'

Generation By "over 60 tonsper yea rift

Inland's System provides a Miior Cost Savi 'ng over traditional partswasher rental services.

Here's the proofi

o vear review of WashinPton State s thirtv t

Firesto neD3ridPestone T ire Sto res revealed that t he use of the ee Tek Svstem had reduced the ir partswasher costs to a n

averaEe of $29- 20 per mont h per partswasher,

Is it time YOU investigated the Inland Technology Edge Tek System?


Tacoma (206) 383-1177 Toll Free (800) 5523100 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 926-0577

The following is a copy of the test procedures passed and the resulting qualification and instruction from the U.S. Navy, NADEP Jacksonville, authorizing Inland Technology's Teksol EP as a non O.D.S., non HAP substitute for TCA and Freon 11 3.

SCIENTIFIC MATERIAL INTERNATIONAL INC. 7075 S.W. 46 Street Miami, FL 33155-4613

Ph (305) 667-6007 Fax (305) 667-2296

Attn: Greg Gormley Date : 17 -Mar- 19 9 4 Inland Technology 2612 Pacific Highway East SMI/REF: 9402044 Suite c Tacoma, WA 98424

Product: TEKSOL EP Dilution: As received Page 1 of 6

Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (6062 3-Mar-1993)

Recommended Requirements for Depot Maintenance Cleaning Materials

Note: Tested t o t h e requirements of Table I for I1Solventii ca t egory of both "Par ts Cleaners" and "Prepaint Wipe Cleanersii

3.2.2.3

3.2.2.4

3.2.2.5

3.2.2-6

3-2.207

3.2.2.8

3.2.2.9

3.2.2.10

3 -2.2. 11

3 -2 . 2.12 3.2.2.13

3 . 2 -2.14 3.2.2.15

Chlorine Content

Flash Point

Non-Volatile Residue

PH

Foaming

Stock L o s s Corrosion

Conf o m s

Informational

Conforms

Not applicable

Not apglicable

Conforms

Immersion Corrosion Conf o m s

Sandwich Corrosion Conf o m s

Titanium Stress Corrosion Conforms

Hydrogen Embrittlement Conf oms

Coating Adhesion Conforms

Hard Water Stability Not applicable

Thermal Stability Not applicable

Respectfully submitted,

Pat Otero, SMI

17-Mar-1994 Client: Inland Technologies Date: Product: TEKSOL EP SMI/REF: 9402044 Dilution: As received penot Maintenance Cleanins Materials Pase 2 of 6

3.2.2.3 Chlorine content: Determined using a gas chromatographic or microcoulometric method accurate to within 50 ppm or by the use of a portable test kit such as the @'Chlor-D- Test 10 0"

REQUIREMENT: N o t more than 100 ppm chlorine chlorine content: .< 100 ppm

Result Conf oms

3.2.2.4 Flash Point: Determined by ASTM D 93 Pensky-Martens Closed Tester.

REQUIREMENT: R e p o r t V a l u e Flash point: l09OF

Result Informational

3.2.2.5 Non-volatile residue: Determined using the following method. Place 100 ml of the product into a preweighed glass dish (to nearest 0.0001 g) and evaporate the contents over a steam bath until no more evaporation occurs. Heat the dish to constant weight at 105OC. Calculate the residue in mg per 100 ml of product. Average of 3 replicates.

REQUIREMENT: N o more than 10 mg per 100 ml Non-volatile residue: < 0.1 ma/lOO mls

Result Conforms

3.2.2.6 m: Determined using ASTM E 70 with a glass electrode. REQUIREMENT: Report V a l u e * Note: non-aqueous solvent/pH not applicable

Result Not armlicable

. -

Client: Inland Technologies Date: 17-Mar-1994 Product: TEKSOL EP SMI/REF: 9402044 Dilution: As received pepot Maintenance Cleanins Materials Pase 3 of 6

3.2.2.7 Foaminq: Determined at the recommended concentration and at two temperatures (the recommended temperature and 120°F) using a high speed blender as in Mil-C-85570, paragraph 4.6.15, except that (a) the blender container and sample shall be conditioned for one hour at the test temperature and (b) the foam-volume shall be determined immediately after two minutes of agitation by reading a graduated scale on the container.

REQUIREMENT: N o more than 100 m l foam volume

Result Not applicable

3.2.2.8 Stock loss corrosion: Determined using SAE ARP 1755 Effect of Cleaning Agents on Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials. Average of 3 replicates. The following alloys will be tested:

PARAMETERS: Temperature: 72O + 4OF Concentrate: A s received Immersion Time: 2 4 hours

Alloys

037 Aluminum (2024-T3

504 Stainless Steel

* No visible corrosion

Result Conforms


ALLOY

AMs 4037 Aluminum (2024-T3 Bare)

AMs 4377 Magnesium (AZ31B-H24)

AMs 4911 Titanium (6A1-4V)

AMs 5040 Carbon steel 1010

AMS 5040/AMS 2400 Carbon steel/Cad plated -

ALMWABLE FOUND (Avg) WGT CHANGE AFTER RESULT* “/cm2/day 1 168 hrs

0.04 0.01 PASS

0.20 0.02 PASS

0.04 <o. 01 PASS

0.04 <0.01 PASS

0.20 <o. 01 PASS

* N o visible corros ion Result Conforms

3.2.2.10 Sandwich Corrosion: Determined using ASTM F 1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test.

REQUIREMENT: N o r a t i n g g r e a t e r than 1

2024-T3 Bare

Result Conf oms

3.2.2.11 Titanium stress corrosion: Determined using ASTM F 945 Stress Corrosion of Titanium alloys by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials, Method A.

REQUIREMENT: N o cracking when observed a t 500 X AMs 4911: AMs 4916:

N o surface r e a c t i o n or cracking N o surface r e a c t i o n or cracking

Result Conforms

. I

Client: Inland Technologies Date: 17-Mar-1994 Product: TEKSOL EP SMI/REF: 9402044 Dilution: As received Depot Maintenance Cleanins Materials Pase 5 of 6

3.2.2.12 Hydrogen embrittlement: Determined using ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing. For materials used in a heated process, three unstressed Type Id specimens shall be immersed in the product at the recommended operating temperature and concentration for twice the recommended duration. The specimens shall then be withdrawn and, while still unrinsed, stressed in accordance with the method and monitored for 150 hours at 72O & 4OF. For materials used in an ambient process, three stressed Type Id specimens shall be immersed in the product concentrate for the greater of 1 hour or twice the recommended duration. The specimens shall then be withdrawn and, while still unrinsed, monitored for 150 hours at 72O & 4OF.

REQUIREMENT: No f a i l u r e s i n less than 150 hours

N o t e : Three Type 1D specimens w e r e immersed f o r 2 4 hours a t ambient temperature, withdrawn and hung a t 72O &4OF f o r 150 hours

No failures w i t h i n 150 hours

Result Conf orms

3.2.2.13 Coatins adhesion: Two sets of two 4x4 inch aluminum test panels shall be prepared. Set A shall be anodized per Mil-A-8625, Type I and Set B shall be conversion coated with Mil-C-81706. After drying 24 hours, the test panels shall be cleaned using the product (and, for aqueous and semi-aqueous products, rinsed usingdistilledwater), and allowed to dry for 4 hours at room temperature. Test panels shall then be spray painted with MIL-P-85852 (water-base epoxy primer) and Mil-C-85285 (gloss white urethane topcoat). After 7 days drying at 72O 2 4OF, test panels shall be immersed for 24 hours in distilled water and tested for adhesion using FED-STD 141 Test Method No. 6301.

REQUIREMENT: N o loss of paint from any p o i n t more than 1 /16 inches from scribe on any panel

N o loss of p a i n t

Result Conf orms


3.2.2.14 Hard water stability: Add 40 ml of synthetic hard water (0.20 g calcium acetate monohydrate and 0.14 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate diluted to 1 liter of distilled water) to 10 ml of product in a 50 ml graduated cylinder. Shake vigorously for 15 seconds and allow to stand undisturbed for 16 hours at 72O & 4OF.

REQUIREMENT: N o separat ion ( n o f l o t a t i o n or settling)

Note: Product not water soluble


3 .2.2.15 Thermal stability: Add 50 ml of the product to two 50 ml graduated cylinders. One cylinder shall be placed in a water bath at 120°F and the other in a water bath at 140°F for 1 hour.

REQUIREMENT: No separation a t lZO0F R e p o r t result a t 140°F


- 1 Lead Maintenance Technology Center for the Environment I Naval Aviation Depot Jacksonville, Florida

April 1994

To: Inland Technology

NADEP Jacksonville currently authorizes TEKSOL EP as a waterless wipe solvent in the following work spaces:

94100 - Process Branch 94118 - Flight Controls & CSD 94120 - Landing Gear 94121 - Hydraulics 94131 - Ordnance 94136 - Seat

94200 - Instruments/Electronics/Electro-optics Branch 94212 - Gyros & Indicators 94215 - Air Data Systems/Electrical Instruments 94217 - Fire Control & Computers 94218 - Optics 94221 - Miscellaneous Rework

94300 - Manufacturing Branch 94322 - Pattern & Layout 94337 - Cabin Enclosures/Plastics 94343 - Electrical Cables 94344 - Laminated Electrical Cables

95100 - P-3 Branch 95111 - P-3 SLDM Metal

Advantages:

Evaporates slightly faster than aqueous, semi-aqueous and other wipe solvents (like DS-108).

Has a more pleasant odor than DS-108.

Evaporates faster than DS-108.

Is a better cleaner than isopropyl alcohol (IPA).

Has a greater flashpoint than IPA (FP = 112OF).

Evaporates slower than isopropyl alcohol, therefore has less tendency to leave a contaminant smear on the surface. In other words, TEKSOL stays on the surface long enough to give the artisan time to wipe several times to lift contaminant off the surface.

Passes NAWC Warminster Recommended Requirements for Depot Maintenance Cleaning Materials (see attachments), in both the Parts Cleaner" and "Prepaint Wipe Cleaners" catagories . d-limonene and isoparaffinic hydrocarbons not found in HAP, EPCRA or Florida Air Toxics Working List.

Less expensive than DS-108 DS-108 approx. $49/GL TEKSOL EP approx. $23/GL

Has following NSNs:

Bx/6-1 GL CO: 6850-01-378-0581 CN/5 GL: 6850-01-378-0583 DR/30 GL: 6850-01-378-0700 DR/55 GL: 6850-01-378-0650

Does not require a water rinse.

Disadvantages:

Should be stored in Flam-Locker.

Causes crazing of acrylics (don't use on canopies).

Should not be sprayed in large quantities due to flashpoint considerations.

If used for patch-test, filter clamp shall be grounded.

Cost consideration: approx. $23/GL


1


The following study is reproduced from the Spring 1993 Pollut ion Prevention Advisor - a defense programs publication for the nuclear weapons complex.

Using extremely sophisticated evaluation techniques, the materials substitution committee of Los Alamos National Laboratory tested twenty of the leading solvent substitution candidates. They reported X-CALIBER, an Inland Technology product, to be the clear winner.

Their conclusions regarding X-CALIBER are as follows:

.... "Better than I, I, 1 Trichloroethane!"

.... "The most efficient and the most versatile of the substitutes that were tested"

....I' an excellent cleaner"

.... "can be used for paint stripping"

.... "is a good plastics-welding substitute"

.... "X-Caliber is the substitute with the most effective

....I' the committee suggests that this product widespread applicability!"

(X-Caliber) be the first substitute that is applied"

Vol. 3 SPRING 1993 No. 2

A DEFENSE PROGRAMS PUBLICATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETI-ER for the NUCLEAR WEAPONS COMPLEX

CLOSING THE LOOP

0 n the surface, most persons consider the saving of trees as the impetus for promoting the use of

recycled paper. Equally as important, however, is the fact that available landfill space is rapidly being consumed. It is projected that, by 1995. the number of active landfills in the United States will be reduced by one-third (as more and more ncyclable items are dumped. and as they push the landfill sites to capacity).

Of all of the components that make up this mountain of debris, high-grade paper accounts for a significant portion. Al- though many schools, offices. and communities are now participating in rgycling programs, a substantial amount of paper is still sent to landfills.

The recycling loop has two major components -- one is recycling existing products. and two is demanding that new products contain some recycled components. This approach applies to the printing business as well. I f we want to encourage individu- '

als to recycle newspapers, writing paper, and other printed

. --

where brightness and virgin-fiber content are sacrificed for economical and environmental reasons. With proper graphic design. publications can be functional and attractive, yet environmentally compatible.

The Printing and Graphics Staff at Department of Energy (DOE) Headquar- ters (HQ) has worked aggressively with the Government Printing Office to increase the availability of papers with wastepaper and post-consumer waste content for use in the production of departmental publications. The majority of all of the printed products that are acquired through HQ are produced in soy- based inks and are printed on papers that have certified posttonsumer or wastepaper content.

Additionally. the Congressional Joint Committee on Printing, which provides oversight for government-wide printing and publishing activities, has recently adopted the universal recycle logo (chasing arrows) for use

.t on all of the --I Federal Publica- . - 't tions that are printed on ,., .-',\ recycled paper. Commencing

oon. the lago will be used on all of the HQ publications,

materials, we must make it convenient for them to do so. To complement these efforts, we must also institute an aggressive, affirmative procurement program.

An affirmative procurement philoso- phy/policy recognizes that to "close the loop." you must articulate your requirement -- that products you are ordering must contain some recycled components. In the medium of printing, this means avoiding upscale virgin-fiber papers, and i t means being attentive to the percentages of bost-consumer waste that is in the

with an accompanying statement that specifies the paper content of the

particular document and that indicates the usage of soy ink.

For the most part, the inclusion of recycled papers and the related logo will require no action on the part of HQ Program Offices. However. i f anyone at HQ would like additional information on this affirmative-procurement effort, the Staff of Printing and Graphics would be pleased to provide the necessary assistance.

Brim Costlow. 202-566-4375

papers that you use. I t also means employing effective design approaches that incorporate mid-range paper qualities,

SOLVENT SUfSTITUTlON

Introduction The Materials Substitution Committee

was originally started in the MEC Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) by the Waste Minimiza- tion Program Office to gather information on solvent substitutes for machining operations. Since that time, the Committee has extended its interests to include information-gathering on material substitutes in addition to solvent substitutes. There has been a major impetus to find altemative-cleaning methods; however, the idea that has been the driving force behind this Committee's efforts has been to find commercially available substitutes (for hazardous materials) that can be used to effectively perfonn the tasks.

The Materials Substitution Committee athered information, through the use of

WHAT'S INSIDE

Closing the Loop I

Solvent Substitution I

DOE Defense Programs Third Biannual Technology Workshop 4

Succcsx Story 4

Kansas City Plant OfTen Process Waste Assessment Training and Assistance 4

Energy Department Donation Helps Minimizc Waste 5

Recycling and Anirmativc Procurement-WE Field Projccu 6

The Department o f Energy Weapons Complex Solvent Waste Stream: Focus and Accomplishments 6

Plasma-Bared Decontamination of Plutonium 7

Upcoming Evenu 8

REDUCTION REUSE RECYCLE RECOVERY EXCHANGE I

Vol. 3, No. 2 ['ollution Prevention Advisor

Ellipsometry Comment

Not suitable for dip tank. works well for ultrasonic

Strong odor. not suitable for dip tank

Spring 1993

Values NIA

NIA

literature searches and practical tests that were performed at LANL. on different cleaning materials that were used for a wide-variety of operations. An important consideration of the materials testing pnx;us was that the substitutes be easily

Degreasingmp Tank Adequate/ Not suitable for dip

tank cleaning to cleaning of diamond- turned optics, which require an ultraclean surface (as verificd by cllipsometty). Ellipsometry measures the refraction and the reflection on a surface to identify the amount of residue that is left on that

Rcsults/Discussioq A list of the solvent substitutes that

were tcsted is shown in Table I . Twenty commercially available solvent substitutes were tried in various applications. Ellipsometry was performed on surfaces

7.048

accessible and commercially available. surface. The tested applications ranged from dip-

Cleaning Machines Dip Tank

that werc cleaned with sixteen of these substitutcs. and these results are shown in

Removes oil 6.516 and evaporates

Peltinent Substance Information

Soluble in water Flash Point (FP)=none pH = 13 Evap. Rate (ER) = NIA

Cleaer m3-r WpTank

Potential Substitute for

1.1.1 Trichlomethane

Har btw odor. 6.620 can be used in a wash

an excellent deaner di i tank -but not

Application Dip Tank Ultrasonic Cleaning (eM@ating)

Cleaned Degreaser Dip Tank

Soluble in water FPe16dF pH E NIA ER = 3 (water=l)

1.1.1 Trichbmethane

DegnasingtDip Tank Adequate/ I Not suitable for diD I Basicallyilnsduble FP = 2720F pH = NIA ER c 0.01

Basicallyilnsduble FP P 2050F pH = NIA ER = 0.06

lnsolubte in water FP E 1430F pH = 6.8-7.6 ER>1

1.1.1 Trichloroethane

1.1.1 Trichlocoethana

1.1.1 Trich(wOeula0e

I tank

I tank I

I"" I

Basically insoluble 1.1.1 T r i & b " FP = 21mF

I pH=NIA ER=O

Barkally insoluble

pN=NIA ER c Vethe-1)

FP = 1700F 1.1.1 Tlidllomethane Does not work well 6.026

Basically W u b l e FP = 2100F pH c NIA ER I: 0.1

1.1.1 Trichlomethane Cleaner Degreaser Dip Tank

Does not work well 9.019

lsaper M (Exxon Co.) 1.1.1 Trichloroethane Degreasingl Dip Tank

Adequate/ Not suitable for dip

5.719 aasicatly insoluble FP = 16OOF pH=7 ER < 0.1

Soluble in water FP E 23OOF pH E N/A ER = 0.02

Insoluble in water FP = 1440F H e 7 ER similar lo water

1.1.1 Trichlomethane Methylene Chloride

NIA

PF solvent (P-T Techodogies)

1.1.1 Trichlomethane Alcohd Kerosene AcetoneEthand

7.546

PF 5060 (3M Chemical Produd Dii.)

6.495 FP = N~ne pH P NIA ER= 1

I I

Cleaning Machines I Excellent deaner I NIA p(anisd (pbnlsd. lnc.) Dip Tank Not suitable for

dip tank

Adequate dqreaser 82.520 Not suitable for + dip lank

F P = n ~ n e pH = NIA ER = NIA

Soluble in water FP = none pH = NIA ER similar to water

Precision Clean (LPS labora lOIy)

1,l.l Trichloroethane Acetone

Cleaned Degreaser Dip Tank

Table I

REDUCTION REUSE RECYCLE RECOVERY EXCHANGE 2

Printed on Recycled Paper using Soy-Baxd Ink t"J

Pertinent

Substance Information Ellipsometry Substance Potential Substitute for Application Comment Values

Seige Soluble in water 1,l. 1 Trichloroethane Cleaning Machines Excellent cleaner 81.142 (30, Inc.) FP= none Dip Tank Not suitable for

pH = NIA dip tank E R = I

Soluble in water 1 ,I ,1 Trichloroethane DegreaseIClean Adequate if residue 69.705

pH = NIA concern. ER 4 Alchohol Not acceptable as

alcohol substitute

Tuff Job Degreaser Soluble in water 1 .I ,1 Trichloroethane Cleaner/ Good in spray bottle I I 5.024 (Cooke Industries. lnc.) FP= 176°F Degreaser application. Not

Simple Green (Sunshine Makers, Inc.) FP= none Uranium Parts or drying time is of no

pH = NIA Dip Tank suitable for dip tank ER=1

Soluble in water FP= 17WF Dip Tank Not suitable for Unidean VI1

(Unidean Products, Inc.) p~ = N/A ER = 0.7

X-Caliber Slightly soluble 1.1 .I Trichloroethane Ckaning dnished Excellent cleaner, good 1.738 (Inland Technology) Fp= 155OF parts (oil removal) for oil removal

1.1.1 Trichloroethane Cleaning Machines Good cleaner 85.099

dip tanks

ER 0.1 Prinfflnk Remover Cutting fluid for Moybdentte, Tantalum

Methylene Chloride Plastics WeldinglGluing Good if allowed

Acetone Works well 24 hrs. drying time

Dip Tank Thin Layer requires 4 hrs. evaporation time

Not suitable for dip 84.714 3 0 Supreme Soluble in water 1,l.l Trichloroethane Cbner/ (30. Inc.) FP= 17VF Degreaser tank

pH = NIA Dip Tank E R < I

Note: Evaporation rates against Butyl Acetate+l , unless otherwise specified.

Table 1 (the lower values mean that less residue was left on the surfaces). One identified substitute, named “X-Caliber,” had one of the lowest readings, actually better than the 1,1,1 Trichloroethane, which had been used to clean the diamond-turned optics. X-Caliber was also shown to be one of the most efficient, and one of the most versatile, of the substitutes that were tested. It is an excellent cleaner, can be used for paint stripping, is a good plastics-welding substitute (instead of methylene chloride), and is a good substitute for acetone. In addition, X- Caliber is compatible with a number of high-explosives, including HMX, TATB, and PET”. There are two drawbacks to using X-Caliber: (1) it is not compatible with the high-explosive, RDX, and (2) the evaporation rate is slow. So, if acetone is being used for rapid evaporation, X- Caliber may not be a suitable substitute.

and “Siege,” are very good cleaners, if something different from X-Caliber is

Two other substitutes, “PF Degreaser”

necessary; another product, called “Blue- gold,” is a very eficient substitute for ultrasonic cleaning in electroplating, replacing 1,1,1 Trichloroethane, which is usually used in the vapor degreasing step. PF degreaser is also efficient in cleaning vacuum components. Table 1 lists the pertinent substance information that is taken from the Material Safety Data Sheets and those solvents for which substitutes were tested. Conclusioq

The Materials Substitution Committee was able to identify solvent substitutes for some products that are widely used, that when discarded as wastes, must be handled as hazardous wastes, and that are specifically listed in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 26 1. Methyl chloroform (1,1,1 Trichloroethane) and methylene chloride are among seventeen other chemicals that are targeted on the New Reporting List that is compiled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The sub-stitutes should be

Table I

applicable to many cleaning situations; however, the subs titutes should be tes ted for each specific apDllcatlon. prior tQ wide-smead use. The Materials Substitu- tion Committee suggests that small amounts be used in the specific application, and if the substitute is found to be effective, then a graded plan for imple- mentation should follow. X-Caliber is the substitute with the most effective and widespread applicability; therefore, the Committee suggests that this product be the first substitute that is applied. If X- Caliber is not suitable, then the generator has other options that are identified in Table 1.

The Waste Minimization Program Office coordinates the activities of the Materials Substitution Committee, so comments and questions should be forwarded to that office at 505-665-8294. The Committee’s emphasis in FY 1993 will be to identify substitutes that process solvents, that evaporate quickly, and that serve as altematives to chlorofluorocar

. .

REDUCTION REUSE RECYCLE RECOVERY EXCHANGE 3 Printed on Recycled Paper using Soy-Based Ink



I


The following are graphs showing the

test comparisons done by Lawrence

Livermore National Laboratory on

t rad it ion a I solvents vs a I te rn a t ive

solvents from Inland Technology

Incorporated:

TYPICAL OPTICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR CLEANING TRIMSOL

1.5.

1 .

0.5.

0 -

4.5

4

3.5

3

2.5

FROM GLASS SLIDES

Alternative Solvents

Traditional Solvents

AVERAGE CONTAMINATION, % OF SURFACE

5

4.5

4

385

3

285

2

1.5

I

085

0

Hydrocarbon Contamination on Cleaned Aluminum

..- Alternative C lean e rs

Traditional Solvents


-. Tacoma (206) 383-1177 Toll Free (800) 552-3100 Seattle (206) 838-9869 FAX (206) 593-8749

The following test data are the results of a rigorous testing project by Los Alamos National Laboratories. The testing was the result of a major effort by the laboratory to find an ideal substitute for the 1 ,I ,I Trichloroethane (TCA) that is currently used as a cleaning agent for diamond machined optics. Over ten potentia! substitution candidates were tested and X-CALIBER by Inland Technology Incorporated was "clearly the best solvent for cleaning these surfaces".

In fact, as measured by ellipsometry, X-CALIBER provided a cleaner suface in these tests than the I ,I, I Trichloroethane (TCA) which was used as a control.

EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE CLEANING AGENTS FOR DIAMOND MACHINED OPTICS

Lonnie A. Theye, Robert D. Day, Marion L. Scott Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos, NM 87544

BACKGROUND Single point diamond machining has increased in technological importance rapidly over the past few years because it has become a cost effective method for generating accurate complex shapes with very good surface finishes. The last step in the production of a diamond machined surface is that of cleaning. A procedure often used in cleaning the surface was that of cutting fluid removal with Trichloroethane (TCA) followed by an ethanol rinse. Since the Montreal Protocol TCA has WIen out of favor to the extent that it will not be produced in a few years. As a result, a number of environmentally safe solvent substitutes for TCA have been marketed recently. However, tests had not previously been conducted on these solvents to determine their effectiveness in cleaning diamond machined surfaces. Therefore it was decided to conduct a series of tests so the effectiveness of each solvent could be quantitatively derived.

OVERALL TESTING PLAN The materials chosen tiom which to produce the samples for these tests were Oxygen Free High Conductivity Copper and 6061 Aluminum. These materials were chosen because they are commonly used in diamond machining applications. A fixture was made which would allow 18 samples to be machined at one time. All samples were machined using mineral oil as the cutting lubricant. Seventy two samples were made fiom a single bar of each material and immediately set into a mineral oil bath for storage until they could be cleaned and tested.

The cleaning procedure consisted of removing the specimen to be tested fiom the mineral oil and immersing it in the appropriate solvent. Then it was ultrasonically cleaned for five minutes. If the tests required an Ethanol rinse, the specimens were taken from the solvent and immersed in Ethanol. They were once again ultrasonically cleaned for five minutes. After cleaning, the specimens were dried with clean pressurized air.

Ten solvents were tested, including TCA, on copper samples. This paper only reports the data obtained on the copper samples since no data has been gathered on the aluminum samples.

DIAGNOSTICS Ellipsometry was chosen as the primary diagnostic tool for evaluating surface cleanliness. It was chosen because it can be used in ambient air (the environment that most diamond machined surfaces are used in), it is capable of submonolayer sensitivity [1,2], and it will give us a quantitative value for the film thickness on the specimen surface. The film thickness is directly related to surface cleanliness.

Ellipsometry measures the state of polarization of a light wave. This state changes abruptly as it is reflected at the interface of two optically dissimilar media. For a copper substrate, four factors affect this change: 1) the angle of incidence of the light beam, 2) the index of refraction of the air through which the light passes, 3) the index of retiaction of the surface layer, and 4) the thickness of the surface layer. For these measurements, the angle of incidence was fixed at a known value, and the index of retiaction of the residual solvent and mineral oil mixture was measured independently. By knowing these two values, a model can be made which uses the ellipsometer data to calculate the thickness of L l - 3 l t - 1 1 n - 1 i n . i r -

TESTJNG RESULTS The copper samples were cleaned with the environmentally safe solvents and rinsed with ethanol. A model of polarization state changes assuming that mineral oil was the major constituent in the surface film was used to determine the residual film thicknesses. Data was gathered at three places on each sample and then averaged. To acquire this data as a fbnction of time, the samples had to be removed and replaced on the ellipsometer table many times. Therefore the exact location of the three probing locations will not be duplicated. A test was made to determine how well the data at a location could be repeated when the sample was removed fiom the instrument, replaced, and remeasured ten times. It was concluded that the film thickness measurement could be repeated to a standard deviation of about 0.5 nm

The average values for each solvent are plotted as a function of time in figure 1. Most of the data is contained in the 5 to 8 nm region which indicates that many of the solvents clean about as well as others. The data for TCA is also contained in this region. Therefore, it is concluded that many of the solvents tested clean diamoid machined copper as well as TCA. A notable exception is X-Caliber which consistently left a surface film which was from one third to one half as thick as the other solvents. It is clearly the best solvent for cleaning these surfaces. A listing of the solvents tested and the manufacturers name and address is listed in Table I.

CONCLUSIONS Ellipsometry has been shown to be a very effective method for determining surface cleanliness. It has been a quick (a single point measurement can be made in about 10 minutes) and relatively easy method to use for these studies. For single angle measurements, it requires that the index of refraction be measured independently [3] and that a model based upon these measurements be developed. This model can be developed in a rather straight forward manner by using a commercial software routine, such as Filmst@ by FTG software.

All of the solvents left a surface film which appeared to retard oxide growth on the surface. The data indicate that there are environmentally safe solvents which will clean diamond machined copper as well as TCA. One solvent tested, X-Caliber, performed much better than the other solvents.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors appreciate the discussions with Stephen Seiffert of Benchmark Environmental Corporation, and Jefiey Weinrach of LANL. This work was sponsored by the Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.

REFERENCES

[I] Scott, M.L., Optical Measurements of Surface Oxide Layer formation on Metal Films, Proceedings of Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1987, pp. 361-367, NIST SP 756.

[Z] Scott, M. L., Arendt, P.N., Cameron, B.J., Saber, J.M., Newnam, B.E., Extreme Ultraviolet Reflectance Degradation of Aluminum and Silicon from Surface Oxidation, Applied Optics, vol. 27, no.8, April 15, 1988, pp. 1503-1507.

[3] The authors used a method outlined on page 8 of Polarized Light Microscopy, McCrone W.C., McCrone, L.C., Delly, J.G., Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106, 1978. These measurements were made on a Nikon Shadowgraph.

~ACPI;’ i a m DDnrvvnnmci

Solvent C o m p a r

l 2 T

son - Assume Film i s Mineral Oil

I

b

0 1 0 2 0

Tlme (days

30 40

P F ' t Ethanol

0 F 0 4 2 5 A t Ethanol

0e.Solv.lt t Ethanol

0 EPA 2000 t Ethanol

A F0425VR t Ethandi

a Exxate 1000 + Ethanol

XCaliber t Ethanol

0 PF5060 t Ethanol

x TCA t Ethanol

X lsopar M t Ethanol I.-,-.-.,--

Figure 1 - Plot of Ellipsomcter Data for All Solvents Tested

SUBSTITUTION PROCESS ANALYSIS

INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED 2612 Pacific Hwy East, Suite C, Tacoma, WA 98424

(206) 922-8932 0 (800) 552-3100

SOLVENT SUBSTITUTION DIAGNOSTIC COMPANY or INSTALLATION: ATTENTION: LOCATION OF SOLVENT USAGE: ADDRESS: CITY: ST: ZIP:

TELEPHONE: ( ) FAX:( )

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What is the solvent being substituted?

Why is this particular solvent being used for this process?

What is the motivation for this substitution?

What is the process the solvent is being used in? Manual wipe, vapor degreaser, ultra sound, etc.?

~~

What is the substrate?

SOLVENT SUBSTITUTION DIAGNOSTIC PAGE 2

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

What are the contaminants that are being removed?

~ ~~

What is their origin?

What are the follow-on processes?

Do they require this cleaning step?

How clean do you need the surface to be for the follow-on process?

Are there any contra-indications? (i.e. sulfur with aluminum at high temperatures)

Have you tried anything else as a substitute? What? What were the reasons for its non-acceptance?

01993

Documents

Case Studies & Solvent AlternativesJJCATION; Solder Flux cleaning on advanced cruise missiles. SUJ ,TS; Hughes has completed a major evaluation of potential substitute solvents for