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c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
CASE STUDIESCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS: FAILURES, RISKS & LIABILITY
STUART SOKOLOFF, P.E. PRESIDENT CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SERVICES P.C.(CTS GROUP)
●N.Y. CITY: (212) 239-0135 ●LONG ISLAND: (516) 746-0072 ●BOCA RATON, FL: (561)465-2889
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesOpinions
a. Half empty?
b. Half full?
c. The water is poisoned
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesValue Methodology
Value Engineering What to construct
“Value Construction” How to construct
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesValue Engineering
• Design Applicability
• Value / (Cost)
• Risk
• Constructability
• Safety
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
Risk: The chance of a negative event
Mitigation: Reduces the chance
Avoidance: Eliminates the chance
Liability: With every event
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesFORMAL RISK
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesINFORMAL RISK
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesRISKSDesigner Project Contractor
(Designer & Contractor)
Approach Schedule Changed ConditionsErrors & Omissions Staging (With Owner)Design To Cost Access Delay (Schedule)
Constructability Means & MethodsTemporary Structures
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesRISK RISK DESIGN (VE) CONSTRUCTION
COST
SCHEDULE/DELAY
QUALITY
LIABILITY
INJURY/DEATH
PROPERTY DAMAGE
FAILURE/COLLAPSE
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
BASICS OF A PRODUCTIVE VA STUDY
IN CONTROL OF:
Time allocation
“Productive” days
Risk evaluation: DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Idea selection (surgeons & shoemakers)
NOT IN CONTROL OF:
Quality of design
Intervention of owner
Overall time
Quality VE Productivity (V= )1DQ
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesREGISTER
MITIGATION
RISK ITEM PROBABILITY X SEVERITY = RATING
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
PROBABILITY MODEL (MONTE CARLO, ETC)
SINGLE OR GROUPING (AVG. P)
a) RANGE/LIKELIHOOD % CHANCEb) ESTIMATE IMPACT RANGE/LIMITS
c) COMPUTER SIMULATIONS REVENUE SCHEDULE COST
IMPACT
P
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesRISK IN VA: MAKE TIME!!
• Information • Function analysis [fast: as fast as possible]• Idea generation• Idea selection
• Write-up • Presentation
RISKIDEA GENERATION & SELECTION REPRISE
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
VA & RISK COMPATIBLE
VA IMPROVES VALUE V = F$
VARIABLE
VARIABLE
RISK MITIGATION REDUCES THE CHANCE OF A NEGATIVE EVENT
R =F$
SUMMARY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesFORMAT
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
World Trade Center, NYC
Access Mat Slip,Trip, Fall
Mud covered mat
Dewater & excavate
ContractorOwner
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
Building Foundation,NJ
Piles & Mat Foundation failure
Design & installation
Proper Eng & QA
EngineerContractor
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
2ND Ave, NYC Tilt Collapse Adjacent Demolition
Reinforce Building
Pre-Existing
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
E. 13th St., NYC Underpin Building crack Poor underpinning
Proper design Engineer
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE Failure RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
Englewood, NJ Paving Joints Damaged Courts
Improper sealing of jt
Proper construction
Contractor
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
East River Barge, NY
Block fall Injury Improper rewiring
Rewire block set on barge
Crane Op. Owner
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
Demolition Collapse HIGH Under investigation
Could have, Should have
Contractor
CONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
Throgs Neck Bridge, NY
Platform Shield
Fall, Injury, Death
Improper insp procedure
Replace shield
Eng./Cont./Owner
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesCONSTRUCTION FORENSICS:
CASE FAILURE RISK CAUSEMITIGATION/AVOIDANCE LIABILITY
Verrazano Platform, NY
Fall Fall, Death Not following procedures
Supervision Worker
c t s g r o u p
construction technology servicesExample: Verrazano Platform
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
“Isn’t it amazing how things get done despite all of our efforts”-Irving “The General” Roth Circa 1979
c t s g r o u p
construction technology services
Issues/Discussions
• Liabilities: Engineers/Architects/Contractors/Owners
• OSHA: General Contractors
•NY State Labor Law: LL 200: Contractors/Owners who controls the workLL 240(1): Scaffold/GravityLL 241.6: Specific violation of Industrial Code
• State/City/Local: Building Codes