822 INUT 96

,L~~ibraryIAC Interri~tlonal’Watorand Sanltetlon CentreTel.: +31 70 30 ~Fax: +31 70 ~ ~

CASE SIUPY- on

Community 8ased Water Qualify Surveillance and Me~~ior~n9undertheCDD-WATSANProject

District: Allahabad, UttarPradesh

Conducted by.S~a~eu.~T9~e’~Consultant.Lucknow

on behalf ofUNICEFField Office,Lucknow

November 1996

822~~96_16010

p.,

CASESTUDY

on~6~.cmwl~r/�y ~.i�d ‘Wae.e~2w4&eç~S ed�~ti,~e44C~ i~04~

undertheCDD-WATSAN ProjectDistrict Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

Unsafe dnnlungwater and unhygicruclivingconditions are a primaty cause of diarrhoea]d.iscascsespeciallyamong children below fiveyears of agc Provision of safe water andproper sanitation is very essential for thecontrol of diarrhoea] diseases. UNICEFlaunched the CDD-WATSAN (Control ofDiarrhocal DiseasesWater and Sanitation)Project in rural areas of AllahabadDistrict tobring down the infant mortality rate. ThisProject was implemented in two Blocks(Holagarh and Soraon) of AllahabadDistrictby the Voluntary Institute for CommunityApplied Science(VICAS) with the supportofUNICEF-Lucknow, Jal Nigam-Allahabad,Public Health Department and the DistrictAdnuzustration

Under the Project the following activities weretakenup in the villagesof the two Blocks

~> Village contact drives were organizedtocreate awareness among the villagersabout the importance of safe drinkingwater. personal hygiene andenvironmental sanitation. VICASorganized these ‘pillage contact driveswith the help of Jathas (groups) whospreadout into different villages TheseJathas compnsed of VICAS volunteersand some youth from a few villages. EachJatha was led by a Jatha Nayak (GroupLeader) There were 9 Jathasfor SoraonBlock and 11 Jathasfor Holagarh BlockEach Jatha was given the responsibility tocover all the villages of one NyayPanchavat The village contact driveswere conducted in Holagarh Block fromFebruary 1 to 20, 1995 and in SoraonBlock from May I to 30, 1995. (Pages21and 22 provide information on thenumber of villages covered by eachJatha, names of the Jatha Nayaks andactivities taken up during the VillageContact Drives held in Soraon andHolagarh Blocks respectively).

LIBRARY lAGP0 Box 93190, 2509 AD THE HAGUE

Tei.: +31 703068980Fax. +31 70 35 899 64

BARCODE: / 6 0 /0La. ~ ~N~kT96

Personal contacts were made withinfluential people of the villages, forexample, Gram Pradhans, schoolteachers. ~iIlage lc~cI governmentfunctionaries, healthworkers, nienibers ofyouth organizations,anganwadiworkers,etc to inform them about the Projectandabout different aspects of CDD-WATSAN.

~ During these drives, IEC materialincluding posters. pamphlets, etc withinformation about diarrhoeaI diseases,water contamination, personal hygiene,environmental sanitationand manyotheraspects was distributed among thevillagers

~ A village coordinator was selected bygeneral consensusdunng the course ofthe village contact drives

~ Handwashing campaigns were alsoorganized in the villages Thesecampaignsfocusedon the importanceofwashing hands Information was alsoprovided about diseases transmittedthrough uncleanhands

~ Demonstration programmes on how touse ORS packets were also conductedThe Public Health DepartmentprovidedORS packets to thevillagers VICAS alsoestablished ORS Wala Ghars (SeePhotograph No. 1).

~ Water Quality testing was done by theJathas in the villages of both BlocksSamples of waler from different sourceslike handpumps, wells, pipes, storagetanks, lakes, etc. were collected in bottleswith the H~Sstrip and left for 24-48hours The H2S paper stnp lest is asimple. inexpensive microbial waterquality testing procedure in which 20 mlwater sample is directly collectedfrom the

watersource in a 20 ml glassvial with ascrew-capand rubber liner contaimngpre-sterilized H2S paper strip.impregnatedwith specified culture mediaand left at room temperaturefor 24-48hours if the colour of water remainspaleyellow, water is potableandif it changesto black it is non-potable The test ispresumptive in nature andis an indicationof microbial (faccal) contamination ofwater based on H2S producing bacteria(SeePages17 and 18 for details of theH7S PaperStrip Test).

~ Forms were developed by VICAS forfilling in details of water samplescollected during the Water QualitySurveillanceand Monitonng Programme(SeePage 19). Idenufication Slips werealso developed by VICAS and stuck oneachwater sample bottle(SeePage20).

~ The Water Quality Surveillance resultsshowed that India Mark II handpumpswere the safestandmost reliable sourceofdrinking water Villagers wereencouragedto use this water for dnnkingand cookingpurposes

~ Wide cementedplatforms with drainswere constructed around handpumps invillages of both the Blocks. Communitymembers provided voluntary labour forthiswork. In somecasesbwlding materiallike sand, bncks, etc were alsocontributed by the community (SeePhotographNos. 2 and3).

~ The results also showed that water frommost of the wells was contaminatedTheprimary reasonsfor this were that waterlevel in the wells is very high. wells arenot disinfected regularly, they have nooverhead protection and unhygiemcconditions exist aroundthe ~~ells

~ Wells were covered with tin shades thatwere coloured bnghtly with syntheticpaints Water of these wells waschlorinated through publicdemonstrations The level of the wells‘~‘.asraised (SeePhotograph No. 8).

DETAILS REGARDING THE WATERQUALITY SURVEILLANCE ANDMONITORING INITIATIVE:

I Hola.earh Block~- 910 water samplesfrom 92 villages were

testedbetweenFebruary1 and March 3,1995

~ 10 water sources from each villageincluding handpumps, wells and othersources were selected for the testingprocedure

“~ Out of the total of 910 sources, there were272 samplesof water from handpwnps,577 samplesfrom wells and 61 samplesfrom other sources

~÷ A total of 336 samples (36.9%) werefound safe

b Water from handpumpswas found to bethe safest Out of 272 samplestested, 230(84.6%) were found to be safe.

-~ Well water was found to be highlycontaminated Out of the 577 samplestested, 480 (83 2%) were found to becontaminated.

~- Out of a total of 61 samplestestedfromother sources, 52 (85 3%) were found tobecontanunated

2 Soraon Block.1090 water samples from 113 villageswere testedbetween May 1 and June 15,1995

~ 10 water sources from each villageincluding handpumps.wells and othersources were selected for the testingprocedure

~ Out of the total of 1090 sources, therewere 212 samples of water from IndiaMark 11 handpumps, 310 samples fromshallow boring handpumps, 483 samplesfrom wells and 85 samples from othersources which included pipes, storagetanks and lakes

2

A total of 630 samples (57 9%) werefound safe

‘~ Water from India Mark II handpumpswas found to be the safest Out of 212samples tested, 91 5% samples werefound to be talc

~* Water from shallow bonng handpumpswas also found to be safe Out of 310samplc~tested, P259 (83 55%) were foundto be sale

~ Well water was found to be mostcontaminated Out of the 483 samplestested. 384 (79 5%) were found to becontaminated

Detailed information regarding the watersamples collected during the Water QualitySurveillance and Momtonng Programmehasbeen maintained by VICAS The watersamples collected can still be found with thevillage coordinators in many villages.Villagewise separate files have beenmaintained where details of the surveillanceare still available (See last Page for samplefile cover). The forms for the Microbial WaterQuality Testing were filled in duplicate andcopies can be found with the villagecoordinators as well as at the VICASheadquarters

SALIENT FEATURES OFPROJECT:

The Project was initially implemented for aperiod of six months after which activitieswere suspended After a gap of nearly sixmonths the Project was restartedin January’1996 in a cluster of 30 villages in both theBlocks where WATSAN committees havebeenformed and members have beentrained,caretakers and mechanicshave beenselectedand trained

There is a great difference in the level ofawareness, participation and enthusiasmamong the peopleof thevillages where furtheractivities have beenundertaken and where nofurther activities have beeninitiated

In the ~illagcs where further activities havebeentaken up. for example. Masni, Sangipur,Khutahana. Saniaspurand LakhanpurKaran

More peoplearc aware about the WaterQuality Surveillanceprocess

WATSAN committees arc acti~candhaveheld meetings

> WATSAN committees have played anactive role and motivated the GramPradhans (who are alsothe Chairpersonsof the WATSANcommittees)to sanctioncoveredpipes for the dischargeof excesswater instead of open drains (SeePhotograph No. 4).

~ Caretakers are active and make allattempts to keep the area around thehandpump clean but very few areconfident of carrying out small repairs(See Photograph No. 5). People aregenerally not aware that caretakers andmechanicshavebeenselectedand trained

> Most platforms that were built during theinitial phase of the Projectare kept cleanby theusers.

~ Handpumpwater is used not only fordnnking and cooking purposesbut alsofor bathing.washing clothes and vessels.Separatebathing platforms are urgentlyneeded to pre~cnt water logging athandpumpsites (SeePhotograph No. 6).

> In some cases,drainage/disposalof excesswater is a problem which is causmgwaterlogging in the surrounding area Thecauses for this are insufficient length ofthe drain or broken ones, carelessuse ofwater outside the platform area, the maindrain of the village passing close to thehandpu.mpsite, etc

) A lot of EEC matenal was developedbyVICAS andhasbeenwidely’ distributedinthe villages Posters c~nstill be seen atsome places and villagers still possesssome of this material, for example,booklets, pamphlets,etc But very fewknow what is mentioned in them Sloganswritten on walls can still be seen (SeePhotograph No. 7).

In thevillageswhere no further activities weretakenup, for example, villages like Pashclum

THE

3

Nara, Poorab Nara. Baladih, ~nchdih,Leharaand Padila

+ Very few villagers are aware about theWatcr Quality Surveillance programme

+ Many handpuinps have stoppedfinictioning and peoplehavegone backtousingwater from unimproved sources

+ There is water logging around thehandpunips

+ People get handpurnps repaired on theirown initiative At some places it wasmentioned that the handpump wasgovernment property and should bemaintainedby ii

+ There is a vast difference in the hamletsof some villages While somepeoplearevery affluent and live in pucca houses,others live in thatchedhuts The affluentfamilies have their own pnvate sourceofwater and do not care about handpumpsinstalled by the government, especiallythose at public places, for example,government schools

* All the juLlui Na~aks~lio ~~cre~liosciiforleadingtheJathasbelongedto one villageonly. Consequently, this aspecthasbeen amajor cause for the low level of awarenessamongthepeopleof other ‘~illages

* Another reason statedfor not involvingthe community in this processwas thelackof time

* No feedback has been given to thecommunity about the results of the teststhat were conducted At a few placeswhere people recalled the testingprocedure, some villagers eagerly cameforward to inquire about the resultsof thetestingdonein their villages

TESTING OF WATERDURING THE CASE STUDY:

SAMPLES

22 samplesof water from sourcesincludingIndia Mark II and III handpumps,shallowbonng handpumps and wells were collectedfrom 11 villages of Soraon and HolagarhBlocks during the study The villages visitedin the two Blocks were as follows

A SORAONBLOCKPROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THEWATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCEINITIATIVE:

* Very few people in the community couldremember the Water Quality Testingprocess While some mentioned thatwater was collectedin a bottle, others hadno idea about the initiative -

Nameof Village

1 Samaspur2 LakhanpurK.aran3 Lehara4 Padila

B. HOLAGARHBLOCK

Census Code

337340405420

* Onl~the village coordinators (involved inthe processof water quality surveillance)and the Jatha Nayaks who could becontacted knew how water had to becollectedin the bottle with the H2S stnp,how long it should be left and what thercsult signified (SeePages17 and 18 fordetails regarding the H2S Paper StripTest).

Nameof Villagç

I JagdishpurMasni2 Kliutahana3. Sangipur4 PashchimNara5 PoorabNara6. Baladih7 Oonchdih

CensusCode

213242222152154176175

* It was mentioned by the JathaNayaksthatwhen the bottle was given to communitymembersfor testing, they filled all thebottles with water from one source itselfThat is ~ ~a1ertesting ‘has doneby theJaiha members

(SeePages 15 and 16 for Maps of Soraonand Holagarh Blocks respectively showinga graphic representation of the villagesvisited during the casestudy).

4

~‘ 20 ml of eachof the 22 water sampleswascollected directly from the water sourceinto the 20 ml glassvial containing pre-slcnlized H2S paper stnp, impregnated~~ithspecified culture media and left atroom temperature for 24-48 hours Thecolour of water remained pale yellow in14 samples and turned black in 8samples

=‘ Of the 22 samples, 14 (where colour ofwater remained pale yellow in the glass~‘ial ~ith the H2S strip) were found to besafewhile 8 (where colour of water turnedblack in theglassvial v~iththe H2S strip)were found to be contaminated

~ 16 water samples (15 of India Mark IIand 1 of India Mark III) were collected.7sampleswere from Soraon Block of which4 were found to be safe and3 samplesofIndia Mark II were found to becontaminated All these threecontaminatedsampleswere from sites invillages (2 from Lehara and I fromPadjia) where areas surrounding theplatform were found to be extremely dirtyand where no further activities have beenundertaken 9 samples were fromHolagarh Block and all of them werefound to be safe

-~ 2 samples of handpumpswith shallowbonng (both from Lakhanpur Karanvillage of Soraon Block) were collectedof ~‘hich 1 was found to be safe while theother was found to be contanunaied.

~ 4 samples from wells (I from SoraonBlock and 3 from Holagarh Block) werecollectedandall of them were found to becontaminated These samples includedwells covered by tin shades whereplatforms have beenraised

This highlights the fact that handpumpwateris the safestsourceof drinking water It is verynecessaryto maintain cleanlinessaroundthehandpump to ensure the safety of drinkingwater

(SeePages6 to 10 for details of the watersamples collected during the CaseStudy).

SUSTAINABILITY:

To achievethis

* It is necessar~that the results of theWater Quality Surveillance processaredisseminatedamong the membersof thecommunityas soonas possible

* This should be done at a public placewhere all villagers are brought togetherand proper prior intimation is given toeveryone

* Reasons/causesfor contaminationshouldalso be discussed and efforts should bemade to take remedialaction as soonaspossible

* WATSAN committee members should betrained to undertake Water QualitySurveillance by themselves at regularintervals Bottles containing H2S stripsshould be provided to these committees sothat they are well-equippedto conduct thetest

* The person/sbeing trained to conduct thistest should be provided completeinformation about the test, the correctmethod of conducting it and thesignificanceof the result

* Itis very importantthat activities arealso

taken up in areas where the first phasewas initiated. This will help in regainingthe momentum that wasgenerated earlier

* Participation of women and influentialpeople of the village should beencouragedfurtherandscrcngthened

im~##nim#

5

A SORAON BLOCK

VILLAGES VISITED

* membersof 10 - 15 households use waterfrom this handpump

* labourinput for the raising andconstrticlion

of the platform was provided by thecommunity

* another handpump has recently beeninstalled nearby through the MinisterialQuota Bonng of this handpumphas beendone upto 80 feet only. Muddy wateravailable from this handpump is not usedfor drinkingpurposes

* sloganswritten during the village contactdrivewere still present

1 Saniaspur(337)Pci-son/sContacted Sample

No.Sourceof WaterSarnple collected

Resultof WaterQuality Test

Salient Features Pr~blcms

Users I handpump sale Eplatform clean* handpump site used for bathing and

No problem

washing clothes• only the village coordinator and some

womenknewabout the water testing* WATSAN comnutteehas been constituted

including 5 womenand4 men•meetingshave beenheld 2 - 3 times during

which discussionshave beenheld on safewater, diarrhoea,ORS, etc

* Pradhan has provided pipes for somehandpumps for the discharge of excesswater

* conflictsregarding water have lessened

.

Users 2 well contaminated * members of 6 householdsuse the water ofthis_well

No problem

Caretakerandusers 3 handpunip safe • there were complaints that people dirty theplatform anddo not take any responsibilityfor cleaning it

2 L.akhanpurKaian(340)

20 handpump(installedat thePrimary School)

* the handpumphasno platform

• surroundingareaverydirty* wastewater collectingin deepditch nearby* residents of this areaareaffluent and live in

big, puccahouses

* the school master is rarely present at theschool

* no one is prepared to take on theresponsibilityfor this handpump

Person/s Contacted SampleNo.

Sourceof WaterSamplecollected

Result of WaterQuality Test

Salient Features Problems

Village coordinator 6 handpurnp safe * 2 months agg ~ 50 feet long drain wasconstructed(S~~ N~3)

* platform well-maintained .

Users 7 handpump contaminated * surroundingareanot clean(shallow boring) .

Caretaker and family 8 handpump safe * women keen to participate in activities but • surrounding areas of the handpump notmembers (shallow bonng) needhusband’spermission to do so maintained properI~

* very faint recollection about the watertesting_activity

3 Lehara(405)_Person/sContacted Sample Sourceof Water Result of Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality TestCaretaker and users 19 handpump contaminated * surroundingareanot kept clean * caretakercomplained that people take no

* some people remembered about the water initiative to clean the platform of thetesting and wanted to know about the handpwnpor its surroundingarearesults

Some residents livingnearby

contaminated

.43

4 Padila(420)

* it takes a lot of time for the waterto comeoutof thehandpunip

Perpon/sContacted SampleNo.

Sourceof WaterSamplecollected

Result of WaterQuality Test

SalientFeatures Problems

No onecouldbe 21 handpump contaminated •surroundingarea verydirty No problemcontacted * there is water logging all around the

handpump platform

Caretaker and users 22 handpunip safe • platform keptclean • the edgeof the platform is very narrow and is* about 200 peopleand 100 ammals use the uncomfortable

water from this handpump* the handpumphasbeenconvertedto India

Mark 111 andhasbeenrepairedtwice‘ * money for the repairswas provided by few

households

B HOLAGARI-J BLOCK

I Jagdishpur Masni (213)Personls Contacted Sample Sourceof Water Result of Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality TestCaretakerof 4 well contaminated • handpumpnot functioning as boring has • people usewell water for drinking,, bathing,handpump and users failed washingclothesandvessels

Caretaker 5 handpump safe • platform well-maintained • very little water flows out of the handpwnp* handpuxnpcleaned by the caretakerone

month ago

2 Khutahana(242)Person/s Contacted Sample Sourceof Waler Result of Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality Test

Users 9 handpump safe • the marking to show the date when water Noproblemwastestedstill exists

• platform clean

Caretakers and users 10 handpunip sale • labour andbricks for the constructionof the No problemplatform was provided by the people

* the Pradhan has committed that he wouldget the drain constructed for disposal ofwastewater

‘xi

Users 11 handpump safe * platform well-maintained• drain constructed ve~ywell

3 San~ipur(222)Perso n/s Contacted Sample

No. —

Sourceof WaterSamplecollected

Resultof WaterQuality Test

Salient Features Problems

Caretaker 12 handpump safe * platform clean No problem* caretakerhas developeda kitchen garden

near the handpump site* wastewater of the handpump flows into this

garden

Usersand caretaker 13 handpump safe * platform clean No problem

4 PashchimNara (152)Pcrson/s Contacted Sample Sourceof Water Result of Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality TestUsers 14 handpump safe * members of about 10 householdsuse water * caretakerhas not beentrained

from tIlls handpuinp* platform around the handpump has been

constructed* WATSAN committeehasbeenformed* caretakerhasbeenselected

5 PoorabNara(j 54)Perso a/s Contacted Sample Sourceof Water Resultof Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality TestUsers 15 well contanunated * the well hadno proper platform when water No problem

was testedearlier* theearlier testshowedthe water to be safe* people contributed labour for the

transportationof construction material toraise the level of the platform

6 Baladih(176)Person/sContacted Sample Sourceof Water Result of Water Salient Features Problems

No. Samplecollected Quality TestUsers 16 handpump safe * platform not kept veryclean • incline of the drain isnot proper

* wastewater doesnot flow out easily

7 Oonchdih (175)Person/sContacted Sample

No.Sourceof WaterSamplecollected

Resultof WaterQuality Test

Salient Features Problems

ownerof fleil andusers

17 well contaminated • the well hasbeenprotectedwith a tin shed• 1 masonand 3 labourers worked for 14 days

to raise the platform of the well andconstructthe tin shed

* bncks and sand were provided by the localpeople

• community memberscontnbutedlabour - 7peopleworked for 14 days

* about 35 peoplefrom 4 - 5 householdsusethe water of tius well

* the well has beendisinfectedatleast 3 - 4times

No problem~

.

~

Caretaker and users 18 handpump safe * platform not well-maintained* surroundingareavery dirty• water logging all around the drain•some fruit trees have been grown in the

vicinity of the handpunip* peoplehave collected money from all the

households that use water from thishandpumpfor carryingout repairs

• the main drain of the village flows neartiushandpompand this causes a lot of waterlogging

•theclosedpipetobeusedasthedrain fordischargeof waste water is lying unutilizednearby

a

Photograph No 1ORS Wala Ghar established by V1CAS at the house of a

caretaker in Village Sangipur of Holagarh Block

Photograph No 2Wide cementedplatform with a drainfor disposalofexcesswater in Village Baladih of Holagarh Block

I!

Photograph No 3Motivated by the WATSAN committee,a 50 feet long drain was

constructed2 months ago in Village LakhanpurKaran of Soraon Block

Photograph No 4Closed pipe sanctioned by the Pradhanfor the disposal of excesswaler from handpumps in Village Samaspurof Soraon Block

12.

Photograph No 5Caretakcr in Village Samaspur of Soraon Blockdemonstrating how shecleansthe handpump

Photograph No 6Separatebathing platform constructed near a well in Holagarh Block

13

Photograph No 7Caretaker Ms Pramila Dcvi Sloganaboutdiarrhoeawntten

on the wall of her housecart be seen

Photograph No SWell with a raisedplatform inVillage Oonchdihof HolagarhBlock covered with a bnglitlypainted tin shade Labour,bncks and sand forconstruction was provided bythe local people

IL,

SORAON8LOCK

ViIIa~esvisited:

337 - Samaspur340 - Lakhanpur Karan405 - Lehara420 - Padila

t

Is,L

Ic

7•il

I#IOLAGARHBLOCK

152 - PashchimNara154 - Poorab Nara175 - Oonchdih176 - Baladih213 - Jagd~shpurMasni222 - Sangipur242 - Khutahana

0

0

Vj(l~j~esvj.~,j(ed:

I’

H25 PAPER STRIP TEST KIT

A licid orientedbactcnal test to monitor the quality of drinking water

APHA-AWWA-AWPCF Specified bactenological water quality tests arc expensive, non-potableand require the services of trained techniciansand sophisticatedlaboratory facilities To overcomethese limitations, a simple P/A lest method was developed In this context AP1C’s new ready-to-useBACTERIAL TEST KIT enablesyou to monitor potablewater sourcesand recreationalwater intropical climatesandto conductemergencytesting. Thekit detectsfaecal contamination of drinking,surfaceand recreationalwater within 24-48hours

The method is based on the detectionof H2S producmg bactenawhose presenceis consistentlyassociatedwith the presenceof the membersof the coliform group in nature. Furthermore, entencbacteriasuch as Salmomila. Proteus,Citrobacter and somestrainsof Klebsiella sps,Eschencia colialsoproduce H2S

The method has been testedworldwide and has provedto be an effective tool in detecting faecalcontaminationof dnnkingwater.

The H~SPaper Stnp Test was one of thefour simple, inexpensivemicrobial water quality testingprocedures evaluatedby the International DevelopmentResearchCentre (IDRC), Canada. Theresearchproject was one of the pnncipal objectives of the “UN International Dnnking Waler Supplyand Sanitation Decade”to provide “Safe Water For All”by the year 1990 The results from the “three-continent. eight-country (Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Malaysia, Morocco, Peru, Singapore and Thailand)researchproject” haveconcludedthat

~ ~ the H-S PaperStrip Test is probably the best and simplestmethodto test remote

waler supplies, as well as for use in city and town laboratories Iris believed that the P/A and H~.SPaper .S~iriptechniques combined wi/h the coliphage test, would provide an excellent assessment ofthe safety ofpotable water from bacterial and viral contamination”

SPEC1FJCATIONS:

Culture Tube 20 ml glassvial with screw-capandrubber liner

Composition Pre-sterzlizedpaperstrip, impregnatedwith specifiedculture media

Jnoculum 20 ml water sample

inoculation Procedure As per directionsfor use,direct from sourceof water. no additionalglasswarerequired.

incubation At room temperature preferablybetween30-37°C

Incubation Period ‘ 24-48 hours,dependingupontheroom temperature

Ob ~ervation Whethercolourchangesfrom paleyellow to black

Conclusion Potable or Non-potable

Manufactured by A P industrialComponentsLimited, Bhimtal

1?

PROCEDURETOCONDUCTTHETEST:

~ Fill the ~iaI~~ith~~a1crupto “Water Level Mark” (Figure 1)

~ Cap it tightly and gentl) shake the vial

~ Keep it ai room tcrnpcraturc preferably at 30-37°Cfor 24 to 48 hours (Figurc 2)

~ Obscr~cfor blackening of contents after specifiedpcnod If colour turns black. ~%atcris not fit fordrinking (Figure 3)

~ Add few dropsof disinfectant(that is, dettol, phenyl, etc.) and discard the vial

—p —p

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

INCUBATION PERIOD:

Avera~eRoom PeriodTemperature

20°C 48 hours25°C 42 hours30°C 36 hours35°C 30 hours40°C 24 hours

JVOTE:

~ The test is presumptive in nature

~ Al tcmpcralures lo~icrthan 20°C,the test may take more than 48 hours (about 96 hours) toans~~crIn suchconditions,oneshouldwait for 96 hoursto drawam conclusion aboul the qualityof ~ a ter

~ Thc icsi is an indication of faecalcontamination of water basedon H2S producing bactena

CAUTION:

• Keepbe~ondthereachof children

• No 1iabili~,acceptedfor accidentsansingfrom mishandlingor misuse

• Read instructionscarefully beforeuse

* Do not drink %%alcr from the vial in an’~case

18

Form: used by V/CA! for 11111n9 in dc/ails of wa/er samples collecteddunn

9 the Water Quality Surveillance and Monit0,~,,9Pro yramme

VOLUNTARY INSTrrUTE For COMMUNITY APPLIED SClENCE--VlC~S

MICROBIOAL WATER QUALITY TESTName of the Village

Handpump Stiallow boringSample Date of (India Mark fl-Il]) Handpump

No SampIin~ Not OK j Not OK____ —____ OK (‘.1) (x) ‘OK

____ I___1—No, of Total Samples 2—Total No of 1-landpurnps(India MarI~11.111)

No of OK (sf) .. No of OK (~/)No. of not OK (x) No. of not OK (x )

3—No, of Shallow boring HPs 4—No. of wells 5—No. of others

No, ofOK (V) No ofOK(~/) ., , No. ofOK(~/)..,..

No. of not OK (x) No of not OK (x) No, of not OK (x)

Implemented by—~VlCAS’ Programme—CDD—WATSAN Sig of Examiner

(Name )Sponsoredby—UNICEF Cooperation—U P Jal Nigam

Block . -. . Code No

Mess Action for National Regeneration -- MANAR

/dentif lea/ion Slips developed by V/CA!and stud on each wa/er sample bottle

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1. ?Jo.of total Sain~Jes # -

1 . No.ofok(~r) ~‘ P ____ 7 ~ ;] ~ No.ofàDtok(x~ _________________________ _________

2. No. of hand Pumps ~1ndiaMark n &in~_______________

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] fgo:ofno~ik(~) __________ ________

‘1 3.No. of hand pumps (sh~Uowbnring) - /

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4. No of wells —-

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No of not ok (x) — —-~---- -

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