56
Chaiwat Chumchoung, D.V.M. Large Animal Teaching Hospital Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mahanakorn University of Technology Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Case report Melioidosis in Goat

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Chaiwat Chumchoung, D.V.M. Large Animal Teaching Hospital Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMahanakorn University of Technology

Case reportMelioidosis in Goat

Page 2: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

IntroductionDisease of humans and animals caused by “Burkholderia pseudomallei “

Importance bacteria as ZoonosisB. pseudomallei is a motileGram-negative rodObligate AerobeGrows readily on routine culture media

Page 3: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

IntroductionPredominantly in tropic area ; Southeast Asia , Northern Australia, Central of America, Southern America ( Paker and Deurden, 1990; Biberstein and Chung, 1990)

Thailand and Australia, where the highest rates of disease are currently noted (Cheng and Currie, 2005)Endemic in North Eastern Thailand

Page 4: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

IntroductionDuring 1994 to 1995, the annual number of human was isolates was over 1,100 in Thailand

High rates documented in Ubon Ratchathani province

Other centers in northeast Thailand, such as Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, and Udon Thani (Cheng and Currie, 2005)

Page 5: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Distribution

(Cheng and Currie, 2005)

Page 6: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Distribution

(Cheng and Currie, 2005)

Page 7: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

IntroductionDisease of rice farmers

Found in water and moist soil

The number of registered cases of infection increases with rainfall ( Currie and Jacups, 2003)

Infection occur by direct contact (wound), ingestion or inhalation of environmental pathogens (Leelarasamee and Bovornkitti,1989)Rarely case ; Person-to-person and Animal-to-person

Page 8: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Animals Affected

Severe diseaseSheep, goats, pigs

OccasionallyCattle, horses, dogs, catsMonkeys, rodents, BirdsFish

Incubation periodVariable, days to years

Page 9: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļēāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ‡āđ‚āļĢāļ„ Melioidosis

(āļŠāđāļēāļ™āļąāļāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄ āļ›āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāđāļēāļšāļąāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§ āļāļĢāļĄāļ›āļĻāļŠāļļāļąāļ•āļ§)

Page 10: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Animal melioidosis in Australia

Choy et al.,2000

Page 11: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Animal melioidosis in Australia

Choy et al.,2000

Page 12: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Show variety of signs

infection results in suppurative or caseous lesions in lymph nodes or internal organ

The infection may be asymptomatic and abscesses may be found in animals

Page 13: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Clinical signchronic sign

emaciationdepressioninappatitecoughingdyspneapanting

Page 14: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Clinical signchronic sign

mucopurulent nasal discharge

Pneumonia

orchitis

abortion

mastitis

swelling joint

abscess of subcutaneous tissue

Page 15: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Clinical signacute cases

high fever(105-106 F)

convulsion

stiffness

prostration

sudden death

Page 16: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

DIAGNOSIS AND POST MORTEM FINDINGS

Established through a post mortem examination

And confirmed by bacterial culture in the laboratory

Âŧ abscesses, wound exudates and milk (mastitis)

Throat swabs, sputum, blood and urine are also expected to contain bacteria in some cases

Page 17: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

DIAGNOSISSerology

Âŧ Indirect Haemagglutinization (IHA)

āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđāļžāļ—āļĒ āļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™ positive āļ—āļĩāđˆ IHA titer â‰Ĩ 160

Âŧ Complement fixation test (CFT)

Âŧ Immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA)

Âŧ Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay(ELISA)

PCR

Page 18: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

DIAGNOSIS

post mortem finding

show multiple abscesses from

-lung, spleen, kidney, liver

-mammary gland, lymphnodes, uterus,

prostate gland testis and nasal cavity

Page 19: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

TREATMENT

Treatment in animals as it requires long term antibioticTetracyclinChloramphenicol

Kanamycin CotrimoxazoleTrimethoprim sulfa

Ceftazidime(āļŠāđāļēāļ™āļąāļāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄ āļ›āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāđāļēāļšāļąāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§ āļāļĢāļĄāļ›āļĻāļļāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§)

Due to the risk to human health

Should be not treatment and euthanisia

Page 20: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Control and PreventionDifficult due to the nature of the disease

Avoid contact with soil and water in endemic areas

Use care during necropsy of infected animals

Thorough cleaning of wounds

Chlorination of water effective against organism

Page 21: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

History Takingāđāļžāļ°āļ™āļĄ āļŠāļēāļĒāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāļ‹āļēāđāļ™āļ™ āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒ 2 āļ•āļąāļ§ āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ› āđāļĨāļ° 6 āļ›āļāđāļēāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļĩāļ”āļ™āļĄ āļ›āļ§āļĒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļĄāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 2 āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāļāļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ™āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĒāđ† āļˆāļ™āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļĄāđ„āļ”āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ­āļāļĄāļĩāđāļžāļ°āđ‚āļ•āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ§āļąāļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” 12 āļ•āļąāļ§ āļĨāļđāļāđāļžāļ° 4 āļ•āļąāļ§ āđ€āļāļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŸāļēāļĢāļĄ

āđ€āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ‡āļ„āļ­āļāļĒāļāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 2 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āļĄāļĩāļĄāļļāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļļāļ‡ āđ„āļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļĒāļĨāļ‡āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļāļīāļ™āļŦāļāļēāđāļžāļ‡āđ‚āļāļĨāļē āļ‚āļēāļ§āđ‚āļžāļ”āļŦāļĄāļąāļ āļœāļīāļ§āļ–āļąāđˆāļ§āđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļ­āļąāļ”āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļ”āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™ 21 % āđ€āļ›āļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļąāļ

āļāļīāļ™āļ™āđ‰āđāļēāļˆāļēāļāļšāļ­āļ”āļīāļ™ āđ„āļĄāļœāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ†āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­ āļāļīāļ™āļŦāļāļēāļŠāļ” āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“2 āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđ€āļ„āļĒāļ—āđāļēāļ§āļąāļ„āļ‹āļĩāļ™

āđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļšāđ€āļ„āļŠ Polioencepholomalazia (PEM)

Page 22: Case report Melioidosis in Goat
Page 23: Case report Melioidosis in Goat
Page 24: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

PretreatmentOxytetracyclin

Enrofloxacin

Dexamethasone

Vit B1Vit B12AD₃E

AminosalÂŪ

Page 25: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Physical ExaminationBody weigh 20 kg (6 year) and 22 kg (3 year)

Lying down

prostration

Reduce response

Body condition 1.5

Temperature 101 °F

Normal Heart rate

Normal respiratory rate

Page 26: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Physical ExaminationConvulsion

Nystagmus

Mucus membrane pale-pink

Non rumination

Non rumen contraction rate

Page 27: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Physical Examinationāđāļžāļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 6 āļ›

Left facial paralysis

Left nasal irritation low response

āđāļžāļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ›

Right facial paralysis

Normal pupilary light reflex

Normal palpebral reflex

Pedal reflex response

Page 28: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Differantial diagnosis

Listeriosis

Polioencepholomalazia (PEM)

Tetatanus

Botulism

Melioidosis

Page 29: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Blood profilesāļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ› (āļ„āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļ•āļī)

CBC

WBC 23.27 x 103 /ÂĩL (4-13 x 103/ÂĩL)Biochemical test

AST 312 IU/L (66-230 IU/L)

CK 780 IU/L (16.3-47.7 IU/L)

GGT 57 IU/L (20-50 IU/L)

Page 30: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Blood profilesāļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ› āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 (āļ„āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļ•āļī)

Biochemical test

AST 476 IU/L (66-230 IU/L)

CK 2883 IU/L (16.3-47.7 IU/L)

GGT 63 IU/L (20-50 IU/L)

Page 31: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

TreatmentSupportive treatment

D5S 1 L + B Complex 10 ml IV rate 1 ml/minuteB complexÂŪ 5 ml IV SIDDexamethason 1 mg/kg IV SIDGentamoxÂŪ 2 ml IM SIDāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļē āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđāļžāļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 6 āļ› āļ•āļēāļĒ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĒāļēāđāļžāļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ› āđ€āļ›āļ™Penicillin G 24,000 IU/kg Q 48 hur.Flunizine meglumine 2 mg/kg SIDāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāļĒāđˆāļ™āļĒāļē āļžāļšāļ§āļēāđāļžāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 10

Page 32: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Post Mortem FindingsMorphological diagnosis

Multifocal pyogranulomatous inflammation in multiple organ

Multifocal hepatic necrosis

Page 33: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 3 āļ›

Page 34: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Spleen

multiple abscesses

Page 35: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Pathological reportMicroscopic finding

Spleen

Presence of multiple pyogranuloma with diffuse neutrophils infiltration

(Multifocal pyogranulomatous splenitis)

Page 36: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Kidney

Page 37: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Pathological reportMicroscopic finding

Kidney

Severe multifocal pyogranulomatous inflammation in renal cortex and medulla

Especially in renal cortex with presence of renal tubular necrosis

(multifocal pyogranulomatous nephritis)

Page 38: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Lung

Page 39: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Pathological reportMicroscopic finding

Lung

Multifocal pyogranulomatous inflammation with alveolar congestion and emphysema

( pyogranulomatous pneumonia)

Page 40: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Liver

Page 41: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Pathological reportMicroscopic finding

Liver

Moderate to severe multifocal hepatic necrosis; congestion

Page 42: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 6 āļ›

Page 43: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Lymph node

Caseous lymphadinitis

Page 44: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Liver

Multifocal abscesses

Page 45: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Spleen

multiple abscesses

Page 46: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Kidney

multiple abscesses

Page 47: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

nasal cavity

Multifocal pyogranulomatous in nasal cavity

Page 48: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Bacteria culture report

Lung Spleen

Page 49: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Bacteria culture report

Found !!!Burkholderia pseudomallei

Page 50: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Drug sentsitivity

S ; SentsitivityR ; ResistantI ; intermediate

Page 51: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Antibody detection

āđāļžāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­ āļˆāđāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™ 10 āļ•āļąāļ§ āļŠāļ‡ serum āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆ āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī

āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ indirect haemagglutination test (IHA)

āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāđāļēāļŦāļ™āļ” titer â‰Ĩ 160

āđƒāļŦāļœāļĨ Nagative

Page 52: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

DiscussionāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļŠāļąāļ™āļŠāļđāļ•āļĢāļ‹āļēāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļžāļ°āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļ™āđāļšāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡(chronic sign) āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Thomas et al.(1988) āđāļĨāļ°Choy et al.(2000)

āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāđāļēāļ–āļīāđˆāļ™ (Endemic area) āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ—āļēāđāđ„āļ”āļĒāļēāļ

āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļžāļšāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ­āļĒāļđāđƒāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāļĄāđˆāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļ 0-90 āđ€āļ‹āļ™āļ•āļīāđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļĒāļđāđ„āļ”āļ™āļēāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 24 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™ (Mustaffa et al.,1994)

āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš IHA titer āđƒāļ™ āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš â‰Ĩ 1: 160 āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ™āļĒāđāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļąāļ”āļāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 40 % (āļŠāļļāļĢāļžāļĨ, 2005)

Page 53: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Discussionāļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āļŠāļđāļ„āļ™ (Zoonosis) āļˆāļ°āļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļ­āļĒāļĄāļēāļ(Rarely case) āđāļ• Jodie āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ° āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļēāļžāļšāļāļ—āļĩāđāđˆāļ‚āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ„āļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđāļžāļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļšāļąāđāļžāļ°āđƒāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļ„āļ§āļĩāļ™āļŠāđāļĨāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ­āļ­āļŠāđ€āļ•āļĢāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš titer āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš 1 : 80

āđāļĄāļ§āļēāļĒāļē Ceftazidime āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāļœāļĨāļ”āļĩāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđāļžāļ° āđāļ•āđ„āļĄāđāļ™āļ°āļ™āđāļēāđƒāļŦāļ—āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļĢāļ—āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļąāļ”āļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āđāļēāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‹āļēāļāļ„āļ§āļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļ§āļ™āļīāļīāļˆāļ‰āļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđ† āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļˆāļąāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„ āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ„āļ‚āļ›āļāļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ

Vaccination

Page 54: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

ReferencesāļŠāļļāļĢāļžāļĨ, 2005. āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļˆāļąāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ€āļĄāļĨāļīāļ­āļ­āļĒāđ‚āļ”āļ‹āļĩāļŠāđƒāļ™āđāļžāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĨāļšāļ—āđƒāļ™ 2 āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđƒāļ•. āļ§āļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđāļžāļ—āļĒ āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ 15 āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩ āđˆ3 āļ› 2548.

āļŠāđāļēāļ™āļąāļāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄ āļ›āļ­āļ‡āļāļ™āļą āđāļĨāļ°āļšāđāļēāļšāļąāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§ āļāļĢāļĄāļ›āļĻāļļāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§. http://www.dld.go.th/dcontrol/th /

knowled/588--melioidosis.html.

Biberstein, E. L. and Chung, Z. Y. 1990. Review of Veterinary Microbiology. New York: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc. 199 – 201.

Cheng, A.C. and Currie, B.J. 2005. Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management, Australia. ClinicalL microbiology reviews, Apr. 2005, p. 383–416

Currie, B., J. and S. P. Jacups, 2003. Intensity of rainfall and severity of melioidosis, Australia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9 : 1538-1542.

Page 55: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

ReferencesLeelarasamee, A. and S. bovornkitti, 1989. Melioidosis: review and update. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11 : 413-425.

Mustaffa,. B.A., and Nor. A.R. 1994. Melioidosis in animal SP-Muda Printing, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Pp 112-122.

Topley and Wilson ’s Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and immunity. 8th

ed. Philadelphia. B.C. Decker Inc. 256-267.

Page 56: Case report Melioidosis in Goat

Thank you for you attention