CARICOM Security Priorities: Addressing CARICOM Security Priorities: Addressing Challenges to Prevent and Combat Challenges to Prevent and Combat

Trafficking in Persons Trafficking in Persons

Committee on Hemispheric Security, April 22, 2013Committee on Hemispheric Security, April 22, 2013

Issues to Consider!

• Migration patterns and porous borders• Conceptualization of the problem• Push factors• Ratification of international instruments• Enactment of comprehensive national legal

frameworks• Regional information-exchange and

cooperation strengthening

Caribbean Routes

China, India, Philippines

Europe

When is it trafficking in persons?

Elements of the Process• ACTIONS: recruitment, transportation, transfer,

harboring/receipt.

• MEANS: threat/use of force, forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power, situation of vulnerability, receiving payment.

• PURPOSE: exploitation.

Types of Exploitation

• Commercial Sexual Exploitation: prostitution in massage parlors, night clubs, bars, karaoke establishments, streets, escorts, etc.• Forced Labor: (labor exploitation) farming, fishing industry, construction, mining, “sweat-shops”, entertainment,.• Domestic Servitude• Exploitation by Beggin• Illicit Trafficking of Organs• Sex Tourism• Minors in Armed Conflicts• Forced Marriages

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Trafficking in Persons

TravelDomestic or throug a transit

country

“Recruiter” Transporter “Host “PropertyOwner

Organize Crime

“Intermediary”Coercion

EXPLOTATION

Trafficking in Persons

Recruitment City or country ofDestination

“Dealer”

Smuggling of Migrants

• “The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident”

• Implies: illegal entry, fraudulent travel or identity document (falsely made, improperly issued or obtained, used by other than the rightful holder)

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Illicit Smuggling of Migrants

Contract with the Inner

Trafficker Movement

Illicit Illicit SmugglingSmuggling

Travel

Border

Country of OriginCountry of Origin Country of DestinationCountry of Destination

Transit CountryTransit Country

Travel Contract

Trafficking and Smuggling

. Trafficking

• Not always border crossing

•legitimate or illegmt documents

• Documents withheld• Coercion

• Restrictive movement• Exploitation

• Crime against the Person

Smuggling

• Illegal border crossing•Illegal possession of

documents• Voluntary

• Business transaction• Crime against the

State

TIP in the Americas: Push Factors.

Domestic ViolenceDysfunctional Families

Unemployment

Impact of Conflict, Natural Disasters

Lack of Education

Poverty

Gender Discrimination

Cultural Traditions and Values

Sexual Demand and LaborExploitationLack of Birth Registry

OAS - Member States Commitment

• Public policies and strategies to combat TIP•Anti TIP comprehesive law strengthening• Identification of Identification of victimsvictims• Data collectionData collection• Prevention-Prevention-ProtectionProtection

Moving Forward!

• Awareness-Raising in Public Places

• Consular and Law Enforcement: OAS Training Materials in Curricula

• Inter-Region Information-Exchange Network

• Preventive, Processing, and Protection Measures: Laws

• Participation in High-Level Meetings of National Authorities: work plan implementation

Contact Information

Fernando Garcia-Robles

Coordinator, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Department of Public SecurityOrganization of American States1889 F. St. N.W. 872 DWashington , D.C. 20006

Email: mgarcia@oas.orgTel: 202.370.5445Fax: 202.458.3882