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Care for School Children With Diabetes Senate Bill 911/G.S. 115C-47. OVERVIEW OF SB 911. SECTION 2 Requires local school systems (LEA’s) to ensure that guidelines are implemented to schools in which students are enrolled - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Care for School Children With
DiabetesSenate Bill 911/G.S. 115C-47
OVERVIEW OF SB 911 SECTION 2
Requires local school systems (LEA’s) to ensure that guidelines are implemented to schools in which students are enrolled
LEA will make available necessary information and staff development in order to support the diabetes care plan requirements for students with diabetes
OVERVIEW OF SB 911 SECTION 1
Requires procedures for the development of a diabetes care plan if requested by parents
Procedures must include provisions for a “regular” review
Key components to include: Staff development for all school staff Development of an emergency care plan,
including allowable actions to be taken Extent of the student’s control of
diabetes care
Diabetes Awareness, Training and Action (DATA)
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Diabetes Care Supplement, 2003
Diabetes Awareness Insulin is a hormone
produced in the beta or islet cells in the pancreas
It is necessary to move the sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream into the cells for metabolism to occur
Glucose is essential to life and to keeping the cells in the body healthy
Diabetes Awareness
Type 1 Diabetes Used to be known as Juvenile-
Onset or Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Results from the autoimmune destruction of the beta (or islet) cells of the pancreas which produce the hormone insulin
A person cannot live without insulin
Diabetes Awareness
Type 1 Diabetes Occurs in approximately
1:400 children (10% of the diabetic population)
Often presents as an acute illness
Requires insulin injections
Diabetes AwarenessType 2 Diabetes Used to be known as Adult-Onset
or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Characterized by insulin resistance
that develops into insulin deficiency
Is a rising epidemic among young people
Central abdominal obesity is directly related to Type 2 diabetes
Diabetes AwarenessType 2 Diabetes Accounts for 90% of the world’s
population with diabetes Insulin resistance means that
insulin is produced, but the body is not using it correctly
This resistance causes blood sugar levels to rise, resulting in diabetes
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations
The amount of insulin taken has to be balancedwith food intake (specifically, carbohydrates) and levels of activity.
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations Currently, most students are taking
insulin by syringe, pen device or pump. The insulin pump is a type of injection
using a very small catheter under the skin that continuously provides insulin
The food intake is monitored by “counting carb’s” in the nutrition plan
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations
Tools for Diabetes Management Self-monitoring of blood
sugar levels Is important for everyone with
diabetes Is done by a blood glucose
meter reading a drop of blood Is recorded in the person’s log
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations
Tools for Diabetes Management
Carbohydrate Counting and Meal Planning
To balance activity & insulin To calculate the dosage of
insulin to administer To achieve and maintain a
healthy weight level
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations
Tools for Diabetes Management
Insulin Injection Most students take at least
two insulin injections daily Some are on intensive
insulin therapy or wear a pump
Diabetes Overview: Treatment Foundations
Tools for Diabetes Management
Senate Bill 911: Management Tools are to be available to the student at all times, in accordance with the individual diabetes care plan
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPERGLYCEMIA – High Blood Sugar Occurs when the body gets:
Too little insulin, OR Too much sugar in the food eaten, OR Too little activity/physical exercise
Hyperglycemia may also occur when the child has an illness, such as a cold
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPERGLYCEMIA – Symptoms Frequent Urination Extreme Hunger Extreme Fatigue Unusual Thirst Irritability Blurred Vision
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPERGLYCEMIA – High Blood Sugar
In all high cases, if the student is able, s/he should drink lots of calorie-free, caffeine-free liquids, preferably water.
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPOGLYCEMIA – Low Blood Sugar Occurs when the body gets:
Too much insulin, OR Too little sugar in the food eaten, OR Too much activity/physical exercise
Hypoglycemia occurs when the body does not have enough sugar in the blood
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPOGLYCEMIA – Symptoms Hunger Shakiness Dizziness Sweatiness Fast heartbeat Drowsiness
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPOGLYCEMIA – Symptoms
Feeling irritable Nervousness Pallor Stubbornness
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPOGLYCEMIA – Symptoms
Lack of coordination Tingling, numbness of
the tongue Personality change Passing out Seizure Death
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
RECOGNIZING HYPOGLYCEMIA It is important to recognize a low
blood sugar as soon as possible so that it does not progress to a severe reaction
Early signs are caused by the release of adrenaline (epinephrine), the “fight or flight” hormone
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
FREQUENT CAUSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
Meals that are late or missed Extra exercise or activity An insulin dose that is too high Unplanned schedule changes
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
WHAT TO DO IF HYPOGLYCEMIA OCCURS
Contact DCM If possible, always do a blood sugar
test first Have student eat/drink 15 grams of a
fast-acting carbohydrate Wait 15 minutes and check blood sugar
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
HYPOGLYCEMIA BUSTERS 2-4 Glucose Tablets 4 ounces of orange or apple juice 4-6 ounces of regular soda (not diet) 4-8 Lifesaver candies 3-4 teaspoons of sugar or syrup 1 tube of cake icing/gel
Diabetes Overview: Acute Complications
Treating severe hypoglycemia
Immediate action is necessary Glucagon may need to be injected Someone should be calling 911 Turn the person onto their side and
keep comfortable
DATA Summary
SB 911 is intended to eliminate discrimination and provide for student support and safety for those with diabetes.
DATA Summary
Tools for Diabetes Management
Senate Bill 911: Management Tools are to be available to the student at all times, in accordance with the individual diabetes care plan
DATA Summary
All treatment is based on the Diabetes Care Plan provided by the parent in consultation with the student’s health care provider.
DATA Summary
The Diabetes Care Managers (DCM’s) in each school provide support to all the school staff who are directly involved in the daily school life of the student with diabetes.
DATA Summary
In the absence of a Diabetes Care Plan, the parent, the student or EMS/911 will have to assume responsibility for diabetes care for the student.