Cardiovascular System

BELLWORK Day One:Define using technology

• angio

• hemo/hema

• cardio

Medical Therapeutics

Standards• 11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all

body systems and summarize appropriate medical texts in

order to relate sign and symptoms of common diseases and

disorders associated with each.

• (the circulatory system)

• 12) Relate a therapeutic procedure or treatment to a

specific body system. Create a digital or written artifact

explaining anatomy involved with the treatment, reason for

treatment, health care professionals assisting or performing

treatment and patient education, including precautions that

should occur prior to the treatment or procedure.

A&P Standards

• 34) Outline the structure and functions of the anatomy of the

cardiovascular system, paying special attention to the musculature of

the walls, the chambers, and the valves of the heart and blood vessels.

Locate and demonstrate the circulation of blood through the heart;

describe the phases and importance of the cardiac cycle and how heart

rate and cardiac output relate to one another. Listen to heart sounds,

either digitally or with a stethoscope, to identify the normal and

abnormal sounds made during the cardiac cycle. Explain the causes for

abnormal sounds encountered.

Objectives

•Name the parts of the cardiovascular system and

discuss the function of each part.

•Label/Color the heart diagram.

•Research and identify the major arteries and veins

of the circulatory system.

The HeartThe Heart

•Pumps blood

through the blood

vessels to all body

cells.

•Is covered by a

protective sac

called the

pericardium.

•Is divided into

right and left

sides by the

septum.

•Each side

consists of an

atria and a

ventricle.

Layers of the HeartLayers of the Heart

Inside the pericardium, the

heart has three layers of

tissue.

•Epicardium (outermost layer)

•Myocardium (middle layer of

muscular tissue)

•Endocardium (inner layer)

myocardium

epicardium

endocardium

Heart ChambersHeart Chambers

•Right and left atria are the

upper chambers of the heart.

•Right and left ventricles are

the lower chambers of the

heart.

•Fibers in the ventricles

(Purkinje fibers) cause the

ventricles to contract.

•Blood flows through the heart in only one

direction regulated by valves.

Arteries and Veins

Arteries

•Carry blood

away from the

heart.

•Carry blood

toward the heart.

V

e

i

n

s

What is the function of these valves?

APEX

Coronary CirculationCoronary Circulation

Circulation of blood within the heart muscle by

the coronary arteries.

•Coronary arteries branch off of the aorta, which is the

largest artery in the body.

•Coronary arteries encircle the heart to supply the heart

muscle with about 100 gallons of blood daily.

•The heart requires more oxygen than any other organ

in the body except the brain.

Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary

Circulation

Circulation of blood

between the heart and

lungs.

•Pulmonary

arteries are the

only arteries to

carry blood low in

oxygen.

•Pulmonary veins

are the only veins

to carry oxygen

rich blood.

Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation

Flow of blood between the

heart and the cells of the

entire body.

•Blood travels through

the body in a surge as

a result of the heart

contractions.

•Blood vessels

become smaller in

diameter as the blood

leaves the heart.

arteryarteriole capillary

venule

vein

•Remember arteries leave the heart and veins

return to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest

blood vessels and they serve as a transfer

station between the arteries and veins.

Activity:

• Watch the video from Khan Academy.• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-

system/circulatory-system-introduction/v/flow-through-the-heart

• Use the video and your book to label the

heart!!! (page 327)

• Make sure to use red and blue colors to

distinguish the oxygen rich blood and the

oxygen poor blood.

• Then use the following slide to draw and

label the path of blood flow in the human

body!!

The path

of blood

flow.

Draw the

color-

coded

diagram.

Carotid

Brachial

Radial

Ascending aorta

Descending aorta

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis pedis

Veins to Know

Jugular

Subclavian

Cephalic

Brachial

Basilic

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Great saphenous

Femoral

Popliteal

Group Activity:

Draw a human

figure.One group will research the arteries and one group

will research and draw the major veins.

Identify and draw the ones that are “need to know”

from the PPT.

Label common sites for intravenous lines (Ivs),

arterial lines, sheaths for catheterizations.

Bellwork Day 2

Define using technology

• “brady” as in bradycardia

• “tachy” as in tachycardia

• “athero” as in atherosclerosis

• “arterio” as in “arteriosclerosis

• thrombus

• embolus

• phelbitis

Standards

• 34) Outline the structure and functions of the anatomy of

the cardiovascular system, paying special attention to the

musculature of the walls, the chambers, and the valves of

the heart and blood vessels. Locate and demonstrate the

circulation of blood through the heart; describe the phases

and importance of the cardiac cycle and how heart rate and

cardiac output relate to one another. Listen to heart sounds,

either digitally or with a stethoscope, to identify the normal

and abnormal sounds made during the cardiac cycle.

Explain the causes for abnormal sounds encountered.

Objectives

Conduction System Part 2Conduction System

The heart’s pacemaker causes regular

contracting of the myocardium resulting in a

regular heartbeat or pulse, which is 60-100 beats

per minute.

Conduction System

Purkinje Fibers

Sinoatrial node (Pacemaker)

Atrioventricular node

Bundle of His

Right and Left Bundle Branches

Use your technology,

label these on your

heart diagram with

pen or marker.

Auscultation means

listening. Physicians use

a stethoscope to listen to

the heart.

The sound “lub dub” is

actually the valves in the

heart closing. First, the

atrioventricular valves

close, and then the

pulmonary and aortic

valves.

Heart rate or pulse

should be between

60 to100 beats per

minute.

Conduction System Part 3Conduction System

Factors affecting the heart rate:

• Health status

• Physical activity

• Emotions

During one cardiac cycle the heart contracts and

relaxes.

Cardiac Cycle = 1 contraction + 1 relaxation

• Medicine

• Drug use

• Alcohol

PathologyRisk Factors to

Developing

Cardiovascular

Disease (CVD)

poor diet

smoking

lack of exercise

Abnormal rhythms are called arrhythmias.

•Bradycardia (less than 60)

•Tachycardia (greater than 100)

•Atrial Fibrillation (both atria beat

chaotically and irregularly)

•Ventricular Fibrillation (ventricles

stop pumping blood/most serious)

•Flutter (beating harder or

faster, palpitations; may or

may not be disease related)

•Murmur (defect in valve,

fails to close properly,

gurgling or hissing sound)

Heart Rhythm

Common Pulse Locations in the

following arteries:• BRACHIAL – pulse used to measure blood pressure

in the arm

• CAROTID –major artery to head and neck, pulse in the neck

• RADIAL – pulse in the wrist, usually used to take a pulse rate

• FEMORAL –major artery for procedures, located at the top of leg, medial to hip joint

• POPLITEAL – behind the knee, used to determine blood flow to legs when arteriosclerosis is suspected

• PEDAL- top of the foot—checked with foot injuries

• Activity: Calculate your pulse with a partner!!! You can count for a full minute, or 15 seconds and multiply by four.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

•Measures the force of the

blood surging against the

walls of the arteries.

Systole

Contraction phase of the heart

Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heart

Blood PressureBlood pressure

abnormalities can

damage the heart and

other body systems.

The average blood

pressure should be

around 120/80.

•Hypertension (too high)

•Hypotension (too low)

Surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the

walls of the arteries

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE – measured during the contraction phase

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE – measured when the ventricles are relaxed

Average systolic = 120

Average diastolic = 80

Activity: Obtain blood pressure from your partner!!!

General Heart & Lung Diseases

Myocardial infarction

•Disruption of blood flow to the heart muscle; also called

heart attack.

Cardiac Arrest

•Also known as asystole, is the sudden stopping of the heart.

Congestive Heart Failure

•Occurs when the heart is unable to pump the necessary

amount of blood.

Specific Inflammatory Heart

Conditions Specific Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart

•endocarditis

•myocarditis

•bacterial endocarditis

•pericarditis

Other Conditions

•cardiomyopathy •intracardiac tumor

Activity: Directed Reading

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

• In addition to answering the 10 questions also complete the following:

• Define abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

• Draw Figure 2 and then describe the anatomy of the aortic arch in 5-7

sentences.

• How does age affect the aorta?

• List a few possible risk factors related to AAA.

• Describe the signs and symptoms related to a AAA.

• List some possible tests given to screen for AAA.

• Name at least three healthcare professionals a patient might see who is

being screened or treated for AAA.

• Describes the types of AAA repair, including treatment for a ruptured

AAA.

• Describe possible risks or complications after AAA repair.

• Name all of the imaging modalities that would be involved with a

AAA patient.