Peripheral Arterial Disease C45-C48.

1. Acute Arterial Insufficiency.***) The following are characteristic signs and symptoms of severe (critical) ischemia of the lower extremity, except:A. Pain at restB. Gangrene of the toesC. Claudication distance of more than 500 metersD. Tender calf musclesE. Loss of power and sensation

Answer: D* Tender calf muscles

***) All of the following are manifestations of acute arterial obstruction in the limbs, except:A. ParesthesiaB. PainC. Paresis or paralysisD. Swelling and cyanosis of the limbE. Pulselessness and coldness of the limb

Answer: D* Swelling and cyanosis of the limb

2. Chronic Arterial Insufficiency.***) All of the following may predispose to chronic ischemia of the lower limbs, except:A. Diabetes mellitusB. HypertensionC. SmokingD. Prolonged salicylates intakeE. Hypercholesterolemia

Answer: D* Prolonged salicylates intake

Aortic Disease C48-C51.

1. Aortic Aneurysm.***) All of the following regarding abdominal aortic aneurysm are correct, except:A. It is the most common visceral aneurysmB. In the majority of cases it is infrarenal in positionC. It can resolve by control of hypertensionD. Rupture is the most lethal complicationE. It may cause distal embolization

Answer: C* It can resolve by control of hypertension

Peripheral Venous Disease C51-C53 (H31-H33).

1. Deep Venous Thromboembolism.***) All of the following are known predisposing factors for deep vein thrombosis, except:A. Endothelial injuryB. Low dose salicylatesC. Antithrombin III deficiencyD. DehydrationE. Congestive heart failure

Answer: B* Low dose salicylates

***) All of the following predispose to venous thrombosis, except:A. Congestive cardiac failureB. Behchet's diseaseC. Iron deficiency anemiaD. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaE. Malignancy

Answer: C* Iron deficiency anemia

***) All of the following predisposes to the development of DVT, except:A. DeliveryB. Prolonged immobilizationC. DehydrationD. Early post operative ambulationE. Intimal injury

Answer: D* Early post operative ambulation

***) All of the following predisposes to deep venous thrombosis, except:A. Pelvic infectionB. ObesityC. Pelvic surgeryD. Breast feedingE. Varicose veins

Answer: D* Breast feeding

***) The earliest symptom in patient with deep venous thrombosis is:A. SwellingB. PainC. FeverD. TendernessE. Edema

Answer: B* Pain

***) All of the following conditions are known complications of deep vein thrombosis, except:A. Pulmonary embolismB. Venous gangreneC. Varicose veinsD. Disseminated intravascular coagulationE. Leg ulcers

Answer: D* Disseminated intravascular coagulation

2. Superficial Thrombophlebitis.***) Concerning thrombophlebitis all of the following are correct, except:A. It occurs usually in the superficial veinsB. Veins affected by varices or that canulated for transfusion are the usual victimsC. Pain, redness and tenderness are the usual manifestationsD. Spontaneous migratory thrombophlebitis brings to mind visceral malignancyE. Pulmonary embolism is the usual sequela of this condition

Answer: E* Pulmonary embolism is the usual sequela of this condition

3. Varicose Veins.***) The following are known causes of varicose veins, except:A. Deep vein thrombosisB. Arteriovenous malformationsC. Incompetence of saphenofemoral vein junctionD. HyperthyroidismE. Hereditary weakness of the media (muscle wall) of the vein

Answer: D* Hyperthyroidism

***) All of the following are complications of varicose veins, except:A. ThrombophlebitisB. EdemaC. Skin ulcerationD. HemorrhageE. Intermittent claudication

Answer: E* Intermittent claudication

***) The usual site of varicose ulcer is:A. Tip of the toesB. Sole of the footC. Dorsum of the footD. Lower third of the leg mediallyE. Upper third of the leg laterally

Answer: D* Lower third of the leg medially