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Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
Figure 23.3B
To lung
Right atrium
From lung
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricular(AV) valve
To lung
Left atrium
From lung
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricular(AV) valve
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Figure 23.4_s1
Diastole
The heartis relaxed.
The semilunarvalves areclosed.
The AV valves are open.
0.4 sec
1
Figure 23.4_s2
Diastole Systole
The heartis relaxed.
The semilunarvalves areclosed.
The atriacontract.
The AV valves are open.
0.4 sec
0.1 sec
2
1
Figure 23.4_s3
Diastole Systole
The heartis relaxed.
The semilunarvalves areclosed.
The atriacontract.
The ventriclescontract.
The semilunarvalves are open.
The AV valvesare closed.
The AV valves are open.
0.4 sec0.3 sec
0.1 sec
2
3
1
Figure 23.9_s1
Typical bloodpressure:120 systolic70 diastolic
Rubber cuffinflated with air
Artery Arteryclosed
21
Pressure in the cuffabove 120
120
Figure 23.9_s2
Typical bloodpressure:120 systolic70 diastolic
Rubber cuffinflated with air
Artery Arteryclosed
Pressure in the cuffabove 120
Pressure in the cuffat 120
Soundsaudiblein thestethoscope
21 3
120 120
Figure 23.9_s3
Typical bloodpressure:120 systolic70 diastolic
Rubber cuffinflated with air
Artery Arteryclosed
120 12070
Pressure in the cuffabove 120
Pressure in the cuffat 120
Pressure in the cuffat 70
Soundsaudiblein thestethoscope
Soundsstop
21 3 4
Figure 23.5A
31 2 4
ECGApex
Rightatrium
SA node(pacemaker) AV node Specialized
muscle fibers
Signals from theSA node spreadthrough the atria.
Signals aredelayed at theAV node.
Specialized musclefibers pass signalsto the heart apex.
Signals spreadthroughout theventricles.
p. 1054
Figure 23.14A_s3
321 Platelets adhere. A platelet plugforms.
A fibrin clotforms.
Epithelium
Connectivetissue
Platelet
Plateletplug
Fibrin clot
Figure 23.7B
Capillary
Interstitialfluid
Tissuecell
Diffusion ofmolecules
Figure 23.11A
Capillary wall
Capillary lumen
Interstitial fluid
Nucleus ofepithelial cell
Clefts betweenthe cells
Muscle cell
Figure 23.11B
Tissue cells
Fluid enters a lymph vessel
Venousend
Osmoticpressure
Bloodpressure
Arterialend
Interstitialfluid
Net fluid movementout of the capillary
Figure 22.1
Lung
Breathing
Heart
O2
CO2
Bloodvessels
1
2
CirculatorySystem
Transportof gases bythe circulatorysystem
Mitochondria
Cell
CO2
O2
Capillary
Exchange ofgases withbody cells
3
p. 1033
Figure 22.11
Iron atom
Polypeptide chainHeme group
O2 loadedin lungs
O2 unloadedin tissues
O2
O2
p. 1038
p. 1038
Figure 22.9_s3
Cerebrospinalfluid
Medulla
Brain
Nerve signalstrigger contractionof the rib musclesand diaphragm.
1
Diaphragm
Rib muscles
Breathing controlcenter respondsto the pH of bloodand cerebrospinal fluid.
2
Heart
CO2 and O2
sensors in the aorta
Nerve signalsindicate CO2
and O2 levels.
3
