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Cardiovascular = Circulatory Cardiovascular = Circulatory SystemSystem
Blood
BloodBlood
General functionsAmount of blood
– 5-6 liters in males, 4-5 liters in females– 8% of body weight
FORMED ELEMENTSFORMED ELEMENTS
Cells45% blood
Erythrocytes = RBCsErythrocytes = RBCs
4-5 million/mm3Hemoglobin
– Iron– Function– Color
RBCsRBCs
HemopoiesisErythropoiesis (2 million/second)Life span about 120 daysDestroyed and recycled by liver & spleenErythropoeitin
RBCsRBCs
Stay in blood vesselsABO systemAntigenAntibodyA,B,AB,O blood types
RBCsRBCs
Rh factorErythroblastosis fetalis
Leukocytes = WBCsLeukocytes = WBCs
5000-9000/mm3Granulocytes
– Neutrophils (pale granules, segmented nucleus, most numerous, phagocytosis)
– Eosinophils (red granules, segmented nucleus, phagocytosis, attacks parasites)
– Basophils (purple granules, semented nucleus, releases histamine & heparin
Agranulocytes– Lymphocytes (T & B, immunity, round
nucleus)– Monocytes (bean-shaped nucleus, foamy
cytoplasm, exit bloodstream & enlarge and become MACROPHAGES)
Life spanFormation
Function of WBCsFunction of WBCs
Phagocytosis– Lytic enzymes– Macrophages
Antibodies– Plasma Cells– Vaccination
T cells
Thrombocytes = PlateletsThrombocytes = Platelets
100,000-300,000/mm3Stays in blood vesselsLife spanProduction in bone marrow
HemostasisHemostasis
Vascular constrictionPlatelet plug formation
– ADP
Hemostasis - CoagulationHemostasis - Coagulation
Conversion to an insoluble fibrin clotClotting factorsFibrinogen is converted to FibrinBy Thrombin – precursor is prothrombinLiver makes clotting factorsVitamin K
CoagulationCoagulation
Extrinsic mechanism– 15-20 seconds – Initiates with damaged tissue releasing
thromboplastin
Intrinsic mechanism– 1-2 minutes– Hemophilia
Clot RetractionClot Retraction
30-60 minutes laterSerum
Clot ControlClot Control
Heparin from mast cellsBasophilsEndothelium is smooth
FibrinolysisFibrinolysis
Clot dissolutionPlasmin
Intravascular ClottingIntravascular Clotting
ThrombusEmbolus (Embolism)
PlasmaPlasma
55% of bloodWater – Over 90%Proteins
– Albumin– Globulin– Fibrinogin
Interstitial FluidInterstitial Fluid
Similar to plasmaBathes tissues