8/12/2019 Cardio Step 1, part 3

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Which S2 valve sound first? A before P in healthy individual

What causes splitting of S2 hInspiration-->increased RA return-->delaed RV closure-->delayed P2

What causes wide splitting? Pulmonary stenosis or RBB

What causes fixed splitting? If mild fixed, R-L shunt eg ASD. If wide fixed, think pulmonary stenosis or RBB

What causes P2 before A2 s Aortic stenosis or LBB (volcano)

Murmur louder with valsalv hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Alz indirect cholinomimetics Dozepazil, Galantine, RivastigmineGaulcoma indirect cholinomiEchothiopline

Most common cause of card Aortic stenosis

Holosystolic murmur radiate Mitral regurge. Enhanced by higher afterload (squatting, hand grip)

Most common cardio outco Mitral regurge/stenosis (AMA meets in hot room)

Mid systolic click that cresce Mitral prolapse (not the same as regurg)

Holosystolic murmur heard i VSD or tricuspid regurg (IVD=tricuspid, neonate=VSD)

Half life equation half life = (0.7 vd/cl) "from half life to the perfect VD off CL"

Volume of distribution eq Drug amt/plasma conc (Vd is from D over P)

LD equation LD = Css * Vd (Lad iss Vad)

MD equation MD = Css * CL (MD uss CL)

What ions are targeted by thNo bad boy keeps clean with pic of dirt street drummer (1-Na, 2-beta blockers, 3

Class 1a anti arrhythmics I'd rather have a double quarter pounder (Disopyrimide, Quinidine, Procainamid

Class 1b anti arrhythmics with Mayo, lettuce and tomato in it (Mexiletine, lidocaine, tocainide)

Class 1c antiarrhythmics and Fries Please (flecainide, propafenone)

What are the action potenti Prolonged 0, prolonged refractory period (3) and QT interval "Lean out, straight i

What do class 1b do to actio only slightly prolongs 0, shortens refractory period "lean out, straight in, slant"

What do class 1c do to actio Prolongs 0 onlny (no phase 3 effects) "lean ou, straight in, slant"

Which AAR is preferred post Class 1b eg lidocaine, preferentially affects ischemic tissues

Which AAR is strongly contr Class 1c

Which AAR for WPW? Procainimide or amiodarone

What phase to beta blocker Slow phase 4 (Na+ leak)Name the K+ blockers AIDS. Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol

What are the major side eff Hypo or hyperThyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, photosensitivity (SAT) and skin de

CCB AARs non DHP CCBs: verapamil, diltiazam

What are the action potenti Prolong phase 4, PR interval up (slows AV repolarization)

Which AAR causes cinchonis Headache, tinnitus, flushing with quinidine (class 1a quarter)

What class is thiopental Barbituate

What class is tranycypromai MAOI

What class is busulfan DNA alkylating agent/anti cancer

What meds cause torsades? Some risky meds prolong QT. Sotalol, risperidone, macrolides, chloroquine, prot

8/12/2019 Cardio Step 1, part 3

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-K, 4Ca)e)

in, slant"

posits(grey blue), torsades de pointes

  ease inhibs/navir, quinidine (1a and 3) and thiazides