CardiacDisorders-StudyGuideLong

8/20/2019 CardiacDisorders-StudyGuideLong

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Rhythm Disorders

1. Outline the conduction system of the heart.2. What do the different portions of the EKG represent?

3. Define the following terms

a. !utomaticity ". #onducti$ity

c. E%cita"ility

d. !ction potential

e. &hreshold potential

f. 'olari(edg. Depolari(ation

h. )epolari(ation*. What is a dysrhythmia+ how does they affect #O?

,. Define premature $entricular contraction. -ow is it reflected in the EKG?

. What are the causes for premature $entricular contraction?/. What is an electrophysiology study and what are the nursing care considerations?

0. What is &ach?

. -ow is it diagnosed?

14. What are the nursing care considerations associated with $tach?11. What medications would "e gi$en and how would #') and defi"rillation "e done?

12. What is $entricular fi"rillation+ nursing care+ meds+ d%+ #')+ defi"?

13. -ow do implanta"le cardio$erter defi"rillators wor5 and what are the nursing considerations?

1*. Descri"e premature atrial contractions.

1,. Define !fi"+ nursing considerations+ and complications.



1. What is countershoc5 and how does it wor5+ what should you a$oid?

1/. -ow do antidysrhythmics wor5+ what are they?

10. What is sic5 sinus rhythm?1. What is a heart "loc5 and descri"e the differences "etween the different 5inds.

24. Define nursing care for "radycarida including meds.

21. What are artificial pacema5ers+ what are the nursing considerations?22. What are the different pacema5er modes?

23. What are the nursing considerations for pacema5ers including medications?



Coronary Circulation Disturbances

1. Outline the "asic coronary circulation.

2. What is atherosclerosis and what does it effect?

3. Outline the progression of atherosclerosis.*. What are the incidence of #!D6#-D+ how is it diagnosed?

,. What are the modifia"le and nonmodifia"le ris5 factors for #!D6#-D?

. What are the significant findings on the physical assessment of someone with#!D6#-D?

/. What la" $alues would indicate atherosclerosis?

0. -ow would #!D6#-D "e diagnosed?. What nursing d% are rele$ant for a pt with #!D6#-D?

14. What are the management options for a pt with atherosclerosis?

11. What drugs are used to lower cholesterol and how do they wor5?

12. What is percutaneous re$asculari(ation+ what drugs are important and what are the nursingconsiderations?

13. Descri"e coronary artery "ypass graft+ when would it "e done?

1*. What postop care will "e gi$en to a pt following #!7G?1,. What is the cause of 89?

1. What is the pathophysiology of 89?

1/. Descri"e the healing process post 89.

10. Outline the clinical manifestations of an 89.1. What are the cardio$ascular manifestations of an 89?

24. What are the cardiac mar5ers and how are they used?

21. What are the hematology mar5ers and how are they used?22. Outline the $arious complications of an 89?

23. What nursing d% are rele$ant for a pt with an 89?

2*. What are therapeutic management options for a patient with 89?2,. Outline the pharmacological management options for 89 patients.

2. What are the long term management options for 89?

2/. What is &'! and what are the important precautions?

20. What is an intra aortic "alloon pump?2. Descri"e important nutritional considerations for 89 patients?



Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart

1. What are the three ma:or inflammatory conditions affecting the heart+ where do they affect?

2. What is the patho+ cause+ and classifications of endocarditis?3. What are the manifestations of endocarditis?

*. -ow is endocarditis diagnosed?

,. What are the complications associated with endocarditis and why?. What are the treatment options for endocarditis?

/. What is the patho+ cause+ and goal associated with myocarditis?

0. What are the manifestations of myocarditis?

. -ow is myocarditis diagnosed?14. What are some important inter$entions for myocarditis?

11. What is the patho and causes for pericarditis?

12. What are the clinical manifestations of pericarditis?

13. -ow is pericarditis diagnosed?1*. What are the appropriate inter$entions for pericarditis?

1,. -ow is a pericardial effusion managed?1. What is a cardiac tamponade and how is it managed?

1/. What is pulsus parado%us and how is it managed?

10. What is chronic constricti$e pericarditis and how is it managed?



Valve Disease

1. ;ist the heart $al$es and descri"e their location.

2. What is a stenosis and how is it related to $al$e disease?

3. What is insufficiency and how does it relate to $al$e disease?*. -ow are murmurs related to $al$e disease?

,. ;ist the primary components of a heart $al$e.

. -ow are murmurs characteri(ed?/. What are the $arious ways to assess and diagnosis $al$e disease?

0. What are the causes of $al$ular disease?

. ;ist the 5ey components of stenosis.

14. ;ist the 5ey components of mitral stenosis.11. ;ist the 5ey components of aortic stenosis.

12. What is idiopathic hypertrophic su"aortic stenosis?

13. What is $al$ular regurgitation?

1*. What is mitral regurgitation?1,. What is a mitral $al$e prolapse?

1. What are the 5ey points in proper $al$e management and nursing inter$entions?1/. What medications should "e administered?

10. What teaching points should "e included with a patient ha$ing $al$ular issues?

1. What surgical options are a$aila"le to patients with $al$ular pro"lems?24. Outline the ma:or considerations with $al$e tissue replacement.

21. Outline the ma:or considerations with mechanical $al$e replacement.



Heart Failure

1. -ow is < and #O calculated?

2. What is #-= and what are the possi"le causes?

3. What is cardiomyopathy?*. What are the different classes of #-= and what do they mean?

,. Define the differences "etween left side and rt side #-=.

. What are the differences "etween systolic and diastolic #-= and what are the manifestations?

/. -ow is #-= diagnosed?

0. What are normal la" $alues for hemodynamic monitoring?. What are the manifestations for lt side #-=?

14. What are the manifestations for rt side #-=?

11. What are the manifestations for cardiomyopathy?

12. What assessments should "e done for a pt w6#-=?13. What are possi"le nursing diagnosis for #-=?

1*. What are possi"le nursing inter$entions for #-= patients?1,. What medication classes are used to treat #-=?

1. -ow do diuretics treat #-= and what are the different 5inds?

1/. What are the different types of afterload reducing agents and their considerations?10. -ow do !#E inhi"itors and !ngiotensin 99 7loc5ers treat #-=?

1. ;ist se$eral inotropic agents and outline their important considerations.

24. ;ist $arious $asodilators and their important considerations.

21. What are important teaching points for a pt ta5ing digo%in and diuretics?22. ;ist se$eral in$asi$e inter$entions for #-= patients.

23. What is acute pulmonary edema+ how is it manifested and managed?

2*. What is cardiogenic shoc5+ how is it manifested and managed?2,. What is pericardial effusion?

2. What is pericardial tamponade?

2/. ;ist other complications and descri"e what they are.20. What medications are important to administer to a patient following heart transplant?



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CardiacDisorders-StudyGuideLong