Carbopol Polymer Powder

© The Lubrizol Corporation 2008, all rights reserved

Carbopol® Polymers

Overview

© The Lubrizol Corporation 2008, all rights reserved 2

Typical Properties of Powdered

Carbopol® Polymers

Chemical Description: High molecular weight,non-linear polyacrylic acid cross-linked with polyalkenyl polyether

Physical Appearance: White powder

Particle Size: 2 - 7 microns

Bulk Density: 176 - 208 kg/m3

pH (1% water dispersion) 2.5 - 3.0

Moisture Content: < 2%

Equivalent Weight 76 ± 4



Major Functions of Carbopol® and Pemulen®

Rheology Modifiers

• Thickening with a wide range of flow properties

• Suspension of insoluble ingredients

• Stabilization of emulsions (Carbopol® polymers)

• Emulsification (Pemulen® polymers)


How Carbopol® Polymers Thicken

Carbopol®

Powder

State I:

Powder State II:

Hydrated State III:

Neutralized


State I: Powder

Before contact with water, cross-linked polyacrylic acid is tightly coiled

COO

H


State II (Polymer Dispersion): Hydrated

When dispersed in water, cross-linked polyacrylic acid begins uncoiling

COOH


State III (Polymer Mucilage): Neutralized

u Neutralization with a base creates negative charges along

backbone

u These repulsive forces uncoil polymer into an extended structure

NH4+

NH4+

NH4+

NH4+ NH4

+


Neutralization Ratio Chart - pH 7.0

*Note: The 40% solution should be made from Tris Amino crystals from the manufacturer.

Do not use the pre-dispersed solution from the manufacturer as it contains many impurities.

Neutralizer Trade

Name

Neutralizer INCI/CTFA

Name

Manufacturer Weight Ration

Base/Carbopol® polymer

NaOH (18%) Sodium Hydroxide 2.3/1.0

Ammonia (28%) Ammonium Hydroxide 0.7/1.0

KOH (18%) Potassium Hydroxide 2.7/1.0

L-Arginine Arginine Ajinomoto 4.5/1.0

AMP-95® Aminomethyl Propanol Angus 0.9/1.0

Neutrol® TE Tetrahydroxypropyl

Ethylenediamine

BASF 2.3/1.0

TEA (99%) Triethanolamine 1.5/1.0

Tris Amino® (40%)* Tromethamine Angus 3.2/1.0

Ethomeen® C-25 PEG-15 Cocamine Akzo 6.2/1.0

Diisopropanolamine Diisopropanolamine Dow 1.2/1.0

Triisopropanolamine Triisopropanolamine Dow 1.5/1.0


Thickening Hydroalcoholic Gels

Carbopol® polymer

will precipitate out of

solution if neutralizer

is not chosen

correctly.

Recommended Neutralizers for

Hydroalcoholic Systems

Up to % Alcohol Neutralizer

20% Sodium Hydroxide

30% Potassium Hydroxide

60% Triethanolamine

60% Tris Amino

80% AMP-95*

90% Neutrol TE

90% Diisopropanolamine

90% Triisopropanolamine

>90% Ethomeen® C-25


Suspension of Particles in a Carbopol® Polymer Gel

Swollen

Microgel

Suspended

Particle


Yield Value

Formulations thickened with Carbopol® polymers

have very high yield values

Yield value is the initial resistance to flow under

applied stress

Yield value (rather than viscosity) is the

dominant factor in determining suspending

ability


Applications for Yield Value

Suspension

Vertical Cling

Foam Stability

Emulsion Stabilization


Viscosity vs. Yield Value

rev. 4/19/02

pH = 6.3 - 7.5

Polymer (wt%) Broolfield

Viscosity

(mPa‧s)

Brookfield Yield

Value (dyn/cm2)

Sand Suspension

0.1-Carbopol® Ultrez 21

polymer

6,800 200 Permanent

0.5-Locust Bean Gum 22,800 80 8 Hours

1.5-Sodium CMC 5,900 36 3 Hours

1.5-Guar Gum 8,040 32 4 Hours

2.5-Sodium Alginate 8,360 16 2 Hours


Suspended Sphere Test Method

u Location of several

spheres marked

u Gels stored at room

temperature for 3

days

u Yield value

associated with

largest/densest

sphere with no

appreciable

movement Viscosity = 33,000 mPa·s pH = 7.5

2.3% CMC 2.1% Guar 6.0% Xanthan 0.5% Carbopol®

980 polymer

rev. 12/13/01


Measurement of Brookfield Yield Value

Brookfield Yield Value (dyn/cm2)=

(Brookfield Visc. @ 0.5 rpm – Brookfield Visc. @ 1 rpm)

100



Carbopol® Polymers: Application Guide

INCI/CTFA Designation

Acrylates/C10-

30 alkyl acrylate

crosspolymer

Carbomer Carbomer Carbomer

Acrylates/C10-30

alkyl acrylate

crosspolymer

Ultrez 21 Ultrez 10 Ultrez 20

ETD 2050 ETD 2020

2984/5984 980 981 1382

934 940 941 1342

PROPERTIES

Flow characteristics Short Short Short Long Medium

Relative viscosity High High High Low Medium

Suspending ability (yield

value) High High High High High

Clarity Very high Low High High High

Relative Ion Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High

Relative Shear Tolerance High High High Low Low

APPLICATIONS

Clear Gels ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Hydroalcoholic Gels ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Lotions ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Creams ◆ ◆ ◆

Personal Cleansers ◆ ◆

High Electrolyte Systems

(aloe gels, etc.) ◆ ◆

Ultrez 10 = Carbopol® Ultrez 10 Polymer



934 = Carbopol® 934 Polymer







ETD2020 = Carbopol®

EETD2020 Polymer

ETD2050 – Carbopol®

ETD2050 Polymer


Compatibility of Carbopol® Polymers

*Best H202 compatible = Carbopol® 934 Polymer

** Not tested

PROPERTIES Ultrez 21 Ultrez 10 Ultrez 20

Flow Type Short Short Medium

Formulation

compatibility

•High electrolytes √√ √√√

•Surfactants √√ √√√

•Cationics √

•Solvents √ √ √√

•*H2O2 ** √ **

•High pH √√ √ √√

Easy to disperse/use √√√ √√√ √√√

Ultez 20 = Carbopol® Ultrez 20 Polymer

Ultrez 21 = Carbopol® Utrez 21 Polymer



Ease of Processing

Carbopol® Polymer Wetting Times at 25°C

Procedure:

0.5%: 2.5 g of powder sprinkled onto the surface of 500 mL DI water contained in a 800 mL beaker

3.0%: 3.0 g of powder sprinkled onto the surface of 100 mL DI water contained in a 250 mL beaker

Note: The above values are typical, not specifications

Carbopol® Polymer

Wetting Time 0.5 wt % (minutes)

Wetting Time 3.0 wt % (minutes)

Ultrez 20 3 5

Ultrez 21 2-3 5

Ultrez 10 5 6

ETD 2020 20 > 3 hours

980 > 50 > 5 hours



Utrez 10 = Carbopol® Ultrez 10 Polymer

ETD2020 = Carbopol® ETD2020 Polymer



Concentration Dependence of Dispersion Viscosity

pH = 2.5 - 3.5

Brookfield RVT @ 20 rpm

0

10,000

20,000

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0Polymer Concentration, wt %

Vis

cosi

ty,

(mP

a·

s)

Carbopol® Ultrez

21 Polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez

10 Polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez

20 Polymer

Carbopol® 980

Polymer

Carbopol® 940

Polymer

Measurement taken

@ 1 hour @ 25 °C


Dispersion Preparation of Carbopol® and Pemulen® Polymer

- Add slowly in finely divided particles by sifting polymers

through 20 - 30 mesh stainless steel screen into water vortex

- Add as early in formulation as possible

- Add small amount of inorganic acid to reduce viscosity and

air entrapment

- Neutralize near the end of the formula

- Up to 2.0% polymer concentration recommended


Processing and Formulating Guidelines

Carbopol® Ultrez Polymers

Sprinkle polymer on surface of water and allow to

self-wet (vigorous agitation produces foam)

Gently begin agitation

Can be pre- or post-neutralized

(depending on application)

Keep agitation to a minimum (to avoid air

entrapment) while adding remaining ingredients to

formulation



Effect of pH on Viscosity

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

pH

Vis

co

sit

y, (

mP

a·s

) Carbopol® Ultrez 21

polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez 10

polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez 20

polymer

Carbopol® Polymer

Carbopol® Polymer - 0.5 (wt %)

NaOH - 18 (wt %)



NaCl Effect on Carbopol® Polymer

Gel Viscosities

Carbopol® Polymer - 1.0 wt% at pH 7.5


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

NaCl Concentration (wt %)

Vis

co

sit

y,

(mP

a·

s) Carbopol® Ultrez

21 polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez10 Polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez20 Polymer

Carbopol® Polymer

rev. 4/19/02

Measurements taken immediately


Clarity Vs. Concentration

Polymer Concentration (wt %)

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Carbopol® Ultrez20 polymer

Carbopol® ETD2020 polymer

Carbopol® Ultrez21 polymer

pH = 6.0


C

larity

(%

T)

Carbopol®

polymers

Measurements

taken

@ 1 hour @ 25 °C


Creating the Right Sensory with the

Right Choice of Carbopol® Polymers

Formulate with Confidence™


Gel: Screening Formulation Comparable Viscosities (23,000-28,000 mPa.s)

Part

Ingredients INCI % Weight

A Carbopol

Ultrez 10 polyme Carbomer 0.23

Carbopol Ultrez 20 polymer Acrylates C10-C30 Alkyl

Acrylate Crosspolymer

0.60

Carbopol Ultrez 21 polymer Acrylates C10-C30 Alkyl

Acrylate Crosspolymer

0.23

Carbopol 940 polymer

Carbomer 0.20

Carbopol 980 polymer Carbomer 0.25

Carbopol 934 polymer Carbomer 0.45

Deionized Water Qs to 100

B TEA(99%) Triethanolamine QS to pH = 6.0 – 6.5

C Glydant

Plus Liquid DMDM Hydantoin (&) Iodopropynyl

Butylcarbamate

0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40


Gel: Effect of Electrolytes on Viscosity Comparable Viscosities

0

10,000

20,000

U10 U20 U21 940 980 934

Rheology Modifiers

Vis

co

sit

y (

mP

a.S

)

w/ 0.01wt% NaCl w/ 0.05wt% NaCl

U10 = Carbopol® Ultrez 10 polymer



940 = Carbopol® 940 polymer



More electrolyte tolerant Carbopol polymers offer higher viscosity response in the presence of electrolytes.

(mP

a•S

)


Gel: Stress Sweep

0.1000 1.000 10.00 100.0 1000

osc. stress (Pa)

0.010

0.100

1.000

10.00

100.0

1000

Carbopol® Ultrez 10 Polymer + NaCl Carbopol® Ultrez 20 Polymer + NaCl Carbopol® Ultrez 21 Polymer + NaCl Carbopol® 940 Polymer + NaCl Carbopol® 980 Polymer + NaCl Carbopol® 934 Polymer + NaCl

0.1000 1.000 10.00 100.0 1000

osc. stress (Pa)

0.010

0.100

1.000

10.00

100.0

1000

G' (P

a.s

)

Carbopol Ultrez 10 Polymer CarbopolUltrez 20 polymer

Carbopol Ultrez 21Polymer Carbopol 940 Polymer Carbopol 980 Polymer

Carbopol 934 Polymer

Lower values for yield stress result in easier-to-break structures.

The longer the “rest plateau”, the higher the stress needed to break the structure.

Yield

Stress

Yield

Stress

Critical

Strain

Critical

Strain

Rest plateau

Rest plateau

G' (P

a.s

)


Gel: Sensory Attributes of Carbopol® Polymers (Forced Ranking Method)

-9E

+2

63

Cushion

Quickness of Break

WetnessSpreadability

Afterfeel Intensity

Carbopol®

Ultrez 10

Polymer

Carbopol®

Ultrez 20

Polymer

Carbopol®

Ultrez 21

Polymer

Carbopol®

940 Polymer

Carbopol®

980 Polymer

Carbopol®

934 Polymer

Each polymer has its own sensory fingerprint.

HSD95

*with significant difference

*

*

*

*


Gel: Range of Aesthetics for Carbopol® Polymers

Taken from the forced ranking sensory data of tested Carbopol® Polymers

Light Heavy

Wet Watery Creamy

Quick Break Long Playtime

Ultrez 10 Ultrez 21 980 Ultrez 20

Carbopol® Polymers

Ultrez 10 = Carbopol® Ultrez 10 polymer





Gel: Summary of Sensory Evaluation

• Carbopol® Ultrez 20 polymer offers luxurious feel and longer

playtime – a melting sensory. Good for rich cushiony and non

watery sensory gel formulations.

• Both Carbopol® Ultrez 10 and Carbopol® Ultrez 21 polymers

provide refreshing sensory in initial rubout. Good for refreshing

formulations.

• Carbopol® 980 polymer provides in-between sensory

characterized by slippery and lighter initial cushiony feel. Good

for medium to rich formulations with non-tacky afterfeel.


Emulsion: Sensory Attributes of Carbopol® Polymers QDA Rating Method

-9

E

+

26

Cushion

Quickness of Break

WetnessSpreadbility

Afterfeel Intensity

Carbopol® Ultrez 10 Polymer Carbopol® Ultrez 20 Polymer Carbopol® Ultrez 21 Polymer

Carbopol® 940 Polymer Carbopol® 980 Polymer Carbopol® 934 PolymerHSD95

*

* *

*

*


Emulsion: Range of Aesthetics for Carbopol® Polymers





Light Heavy

Low residual feel High residual feel

Non-lingering afterfeel Lingering afterfeel

Ultrez 10 980 Ultrez 21 Ultrez 20

Carbopol® Polymers


Emulsion: Summary of Sensory Evaluation

• Even with the complexities of emulsion formulations, Carbopol

polymers still provide sensory influence in the resulting

emulsions.

– Carbopol® Ultrez 20 polymer provides luxurious, melting rubout sensory and

highest afterfeel intensity.

– Carbopol® Ultrez 21 polymer provides melting, lighter rubout sensory and

medium to light afterfeel intensity.

– Carbopol® Ultrez 10 polymer provides refreshing, short rubout sensory and

light afterfeel intensity.

– Carbopol® 980 polymer provides light, lubricating rubout sensory and velvety

afterfeel.


Carbopol® Polymers: Application Guide

INCI/CTFA Designation

Acrylates/C10-

30 alkyl acrylate

crosspolymer

Carbomer Carbomer Carbomer

Acrylates/C10-30

alkyl acrylate

crosspolymer

Ultrez 21 Ultrez 10 Ultrez 20

ETD 2050 ETD 2020

2984/5984 980 981 1382

934 940 941 1342

PROPERTIES

Flow characteristics Short Short Short Long Medium

Relative viscosity High High High Low Medium

Suspending ability (yield

value) High High High High High

Clarity Very high Low High High High

Relative Ion Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High

Relative Shear Tolerance High High High Low Low

APPLICATIONS

Clear Gels ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Hydroalcoholic Gels ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Lotions ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Creams ◆ ◆ ◆

Personal Cleansers ◆ ◆

High Electrolyte Systems

(aloe gels, etc.) ◆ ◆











ETD2020 = Carbopol®

EETD2020 Polymer

ETD2050 – Carbopol®

ETD2050 Polymer


Trademarks

• Carbopol and SilSense are registered trademarks of The Lubrizol

Corporation.

• Fixate, Glucam, Glucamate, Glucate, Glucquat, Hydramol, Merquat,

Novemer, Pemulen, Schercemol and Sensomer are trademarks of The

Lubrizol Corporation.

• Hydrolite is registered trademark of Symrise.

• Euxyl is a registered trademark of Schülke & Mayr GmbH

• Olympus is a registered trademark of Olympus corporation

• Fucosorb is a trademark of Sensient

• Lipopearl and Liposphere are trademarks of Lipo Technologies, Inc.


Disclaimer The information contained herein is believed to be reliable, but no representations, guarantees or

warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or the results

to be obtained herefrom. Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. ("Lubrizol") cannot guarantee how any

products associated with this information will perform in combination with other substances or in your

process as the "user". Often, the information is based on laboratory work with small-scale equipment.

Due to variations in methods, conditions and equipment used commercially in processing materials,

the information does not necessarily indicate end product performance or reproducibility. As such, no

warranties or guarantees are made as to the suitability of the information or products referenced

hereunder for any applications disclosed to Lubrizol. Full scale testing and end product performance

are the responsibility of the user. Further, any formulations presented should be used only as a

suggested starting point. Lubrizol shall not be liable and the user assumes all risk and responsibility

for, any use or handling of any material beyond Lubrizol's direct control. THE SELLER MAKES NO

WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Nothing

contained herein is to be considered as a permission, recommendation, or as an inducement to

practice any patented invention without permission of the patent owner.

© Copyright, Inc. 2012 Lubrizol Advanced Materials


Thank you . . .

For more information, samples and/or starting formulations with complete

processing instructions and supplier references please contact:

Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.

9911 Brecksville Road

Cleveland, OH 44141

800-379-5389

216-447-5000

www.lubrizol.com/personalcare

www.lubrizol.com/household

Documents

Carbopol Polymer Powder