Con

cept

ual M

odel

Exa

mpl

e: R

Q 0

1

0

2,00

0

4,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,000

12,000

050

100

Artesian flow rate (sm3/d)

Years

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

Case1

case2

Case3

Case4

Case5

Case6

H2O PROD / CO2INJ (w/w) 

Intr

oduc

tion

Au

stra

lia h

as a

bund

ant d

eep

fresh

grou

ndw

ater

aqu

ifers

ons

hore

(e.g

. Th

e G

reat

Arte

sian

Bas

in).

Thes

e aq

uife

rs a

re e

xper

ienc

ing

wat

er le

vel

decl

ine

due

to e

xtra

ctio

n ov

er ~

100

year

s [a

] .Inj

ectin

g C

O2

in d

eple

ting

grou

ndw

ater

aqu

ifers

may

:-B

oost

the

pres

sure

to li

ft de

clin

ing

wat

er le

vels

ove

r the

bro

ad re

gion

s;-D

ispl

ace

deep

wat

er to

sha

llow

er re

gion

s, m

akin

g it

acce

ssib

le;

-Red

uce

CO

2em

issi

ons.

CR

ICO

S Pr

ovid

er N

umbe

r 000

25B

Res

earc

h Q

uest

ions

Enha

nced

Wat

er R

ecov

ery

(EW

R) m

ay b

e be

nefic

ial,

but a

lso

rais

es c

once

rns:

RQ

01:

Can

the

pres

sure

bui

ld-u

p in

crea

se w

ater

leve

ls a

t gre

at d

ista

nce?

In w

hat

time

fram

e? F

or h

ow lo

ng?

RQ

02:

Doe

s di

spla

ced

wat

er fr

om g

reat

er d

epth

add

to s

hallo

w w

ater

sup

ply?

Doe

s m

ixin

g w

ater

of d

iffer

ent c

ompo

sitio

ns le

ad to

wat

er d

egra

datio

n at

ext

ract

ion

site

s?R

Q 0

3: H

ow m

uch

wat

er lo

ses

qual

ity w

hen

decr

easi

ng p

H (p

roxy

for c

hem

ical

ch

ange

s) a

s a

resu

lt of

CO

2re

actin

g w

ith w

ater

?

PhD

Can

dida

te: X

iaol

ing

Li1

[xia

olin

g.li@

uq.e

du.a

u]. S

uper

viso

rs: S

uzan

ne H

urte

r2, 3

, Jim

Und

ersc

hultz

4&

Ayr

ton

Rib

eiro

11 T

he U

nive

rsity

of Q

ueen

slan

d Sc

hool

of E

arth

and

Env

ironm

enta

l Sci

ence

s 2 T

he U

nive

rsity

of Q

ueen

slan

d C

entr

e fo

r Coa

l Sea

m G

as 3

UQ

Ene

rgiS

imul

atio

n In

dust

rial R

esea

rch

Cha

ir4 T

he U

nive

rsity

of Q

ueen

slan

d En

ergy

Initi

ativ

e

Car

bon

Stor

age

in D

eple

ting

Gro

undw

ater

Aqu

ifers

: A S

olut

ion

to W

ater

Stre

ss?

Met

hodo

logy

Inte

grat

ed m

odel

ling

(geo

logi

cal m

odel

ling,

m

ultip

hase

mul

ticom

pone

nt fl

ow m

odel

ling

and

geoc

hem

ical

mod

ellin

g) to

est

ablis

h th

e pr

essu

re fo

otpr

int,

the

pH fo

otpr

int a

nd

the

impa

ct o

f car

bon

stor

age

on fr

eshw

ater

aq

uife

r res

ourc

e av

aila

bilit

y an

d de

grad

atio

n.

0 m

-800

m

-150

0 m

-200

0 m

WL

B

*Not

to s

cale

WL

A

Con

cept

of C

O2

inje

ctio

n an

d st

orag

e co

mbi

ned

with

En

hanc

ed W

ater

Rec

over

y (E

WR

).

Ackn

owle

dgem

ents

This

rese

arch

is s

uppo

rted

by T

he U

nive

rsity

of Q

ueen

slan

d Su

rat D

eep

Aqui

fer P

roje

ct (U

Q-S

DAA

P), w

hich

is fu

nded

by

the

Aust

ralia

n G

over

nmen

t, C

oal 2

1 (A

CAL

ET) a

nd T

he U

nive

rsity

of Q

ueen

slan

d. S

chlu

mbe

rger

and

CM

G L

td h

ave

prov

ided

mod

ellin

g so

ftwar

e.A

rese

arch

sc

hola

rshi

p is

pro

vide

d by

Ene

rgiS

imul

aton

and

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Que

ensl

and

Ref

eren

ces

[a] S

mer

don

B, R

ansl

eyT,

Rad

keB,

Kel

lett

J (2

012)

Wat

er re

sour

ce a

sses

smen

t for

the

Gre

at A

rtesi

an B

asin

. A re

port

to th

e Au

stra

lian

Gov

ernm

ent f

rom

the

CSI

RO

Gre

at A

rtesi

an B

asin

Wat

er R

esou

rce

Asse

ssm

ent.

AB

A: C

O2

inje

ctio

n B:

Wat

er e

xtra

ctio

n A-

B:10

km

aw

ay

Acce

ssib

le w

ater

thro

ugh

arte

sian

flow

wel

l

C

lose

d bo

unda

ry p

rodu

ces

high

er a

rtesi

an fl

ow ra

te (C

ase

2);

An

y ge

olog

ical

feat

ures

that

def

er th

e up

war

d flo

w o

f CO

2ar

e be

nefic

ial

for i

mpr

ovin

g w

ater

reco

very

(Cas

e 1

& C

ase

6)

Less

Kv/K

hco

ntra

st &

ope

ning

bou

ndar

y in

dica

te le

ss d

ispl

acem

ent o

f w

ater

& fa

st m

igra

tion

of C

O2

(Cas

e 3,

4&

5).W

hat a

bout

a lo

ng m

igra

tion

path

(e.g

.300

km

) & it

stru

ctur

ally

cro

ps o

ut (e

.g. P

reci

pice

Sst

)?

Expl

orat

ory

Cas

e St

udy

•Ba

sin-

scal

e in

the

Gre

at A

rtesi

an B

asin

•Pr

essu

re m

onito

ring

& w

ater

reco

very

vol

ume

•W

ater

qua

lity

quan

tific

atio

n

UQ

-CC

SG A

nnua

l Res

earc

h R

evie

wC

entr

e fo

r Coa

l Sea

m G

as

2018