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Carbon Macromolecules • Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. • Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures. – straight chain – branched chain – ring

Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

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Page 1: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

Carbon Macromolecules• Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other

atoms, including other carbon atoms.• Carbon-based molecules have three general types of

structures.– straight chain– branched chain– ring

Page 2: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

• Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together.– Monomers are the individual subunits.– Polymers are made of many monomers.

Page 3: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

Carbohydrates•Function: To be broken down as a source of chemical energy; also a part of cell structure.•Example: sugars, starches, cellulose

*Simple sugars (glucose) = monosaccharides*Starches and cellulose = polysaccharides

Page 4: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

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Page 5: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

Lipids• Function: To be broken down as a source of chemical

energy (most of the time stored); makes cell membranes• Example: fats, oils, cholesterol*Lipids are nonpolar!

Fatty acids – Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Saturated fats= single carbon bonds (usually from animals)

Unsaturated fats= at least 1 carbon double bond(usually from plants)

Page 6: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

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Page 7: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

Proteins

• Functions: Many functions- including structure, movement/transport, chemical catalysts

• Examples: enzymes, collagen, keratin, meats, nuts, cilia, flagella

Protein- Polymer made of monomers called amino acids. (put together by peptide bonds)

Page 8: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

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Page 9: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

Nucleic Acids

• Function: To store genetic information and build proteins.

• Examples: DNA and RNA

Nucleic acids- Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.

Page 10: Carbon Macromolecules Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general

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