1National Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain

Large Stationary Sources

Capture and Compression

Pipeline Transport Deep Subsurface Storage Transport $2, 3%

Capture $51, 73%

Storage $9, 13% Compression

$7, 11%

2National Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Capture and Storage Ingredients for Success

Capture TechnologyLow Cost

Sufficient and Secure Storage Formations

Efficient Power Systems

Integrated Demonstration Projects

3National Energy Technology Laboratory

Strategic Center for Coal Advancing Technologies in Power Generation Utilizing Coal

* Data for active projects as of October 28, 2015

Office of Coal and Power R&D

Office of Program Performance & Benefits

Office of Major Demonstrations

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Today2025 (commercial

deployment)2035

Today

2nd-Gen

Transformational

~420 projects $11.3B Total ($3.3B DOE) *

Relevance of R&D, Leverages, Promotes Commercialization

4National Energy Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&DAdvancing Technologies that Transform Power Generation

Advanced Energy SystemsSTEP CO2 Storage

ProgramStorage Infrastructure

Geologic StorageMonitoring, Verification,

Accounting & Assessment

CO2 CaptureProgram

Pre-combustionPost-Combustion

Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) ProgramMaterials, Computational Tools, Intelligent Sensors and Controls

Applied Research Demonstration

Engineering Development

Pre-commercial Testing

BIG SKY

WESTCARB

SWP

PCOR

MGSC

SECARB

MRCSP

Gasification Turbines

CombustionFuel Cells

Coal & Coal-Biomass to Liquids

5National Energy Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&DFY15 ~ $400* Million, Active Projects ~ 410

Data as of September 2015

Advanced Energy SystemsSTEP

CO2 Storage Program

CO2 CaptureProgram

Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) Program$49 Million, 115 Projects

Applied Research Demonstration

Engineering Development

Pre-commercial Testing

BIG SKY

WESTCARB

SWP

PCOR

MGSC

SECARB

MRCSP

$113 Million**136 Projects

$88 Million58 Projects

$100 Million100 Projects

*Includes $15 M for Rare Earth Research and $35Million to NETL Office of Research and Development** Includes AES and STEP (Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles)

6National Energy Technology Laboratory

Coal Power and CO2 Capture Technologies

2nd-Generation Transformational

Bio-Gasification

AUSC SteamCycles

Integrated Gasification Fuel Cells (IGFC)

Direct Power Extraction

ChemicalLooping

SupercriticalCO2 Cycles

Transformational CO2 Separation

Transformational H2 Production

PressurizedOxy-combustion

Pressure GainCombustion

65% LHVCombustion Turbines

Atmospheric Oxy-Combustion

Radically Engineered Modular Systems (REMS)

Warm Syngas Cleanup

Oxygen Production

Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture

High-Pressure Dry Feed

Combustion Turbine

Components

DG SOFC

Aspects Also Applicable to Natural Gas

Gas

ific

atio

nC

om

bu

stio

n

Sensors &Controls

Simulation-Based Engineering

WaterManagement

High Performance Materials

Post-CombustionCO2 Capture

Oxygen Production

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology Team(sCO2 Tech Team)

Energy Huntsville Summit - 2015

Brian K. RobinsonOffice of Nuclear Energy (NE)

November 17, 2015

Supercritical CO2 Cycle Has Broad Applicability

Fossil Sequestration Ready

Solar SunShot Power Cycle

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1

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5

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CompressorsTurbine

HT Recup4

Alternator Waste Heat Chiller

LT RecupCO2

Supercritical CO2

Brayton Cycle

Space SolarElectric Propulsion

Nuclear

Geothermal

The long-term vision is widespread commercial deployment of a transformational technology

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Comparison Rankine efficiency is 33%

Supercritical CO2 (sCO2 ) potential to surpass 50% efficiency

Greatly reduced cost for sCO2

compared to the cost of conventional steam Rankinecycle

sCO2 compact turbo machinery is easily scalable

1 meter sCO2 (300 MWe)(Brayton Cycle)20 meter Steam Turbine (300 MWe)

(Rankine Cycle)

5-stage Dual TurbineLo Hi

3-stage Single TurbineHi Lo

Lo

Supercritical CO2: TransformationalEnergy Systems

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sCO2 Brayton Cycle Benefits

Economic and environmental benefits of the technology include:• Broad applicability to variety of heat sources• Higher plant efficiency • Reduced fuel consumption and emissions• Low cooling water consumption• Compact design/footprint lowers capital cost

Public policy benefits include:• U.S. leadership in a transformative technology• Enhanced U.S. global competitiveness• Progress towards DOE Strategic Goals and President’s Climate Action Plan

What is the appropriate Federal Role?• Part of DOE’s mission is to develop innovative technology solutions to meet

our energy and environmental challenges• Appropriate where the private sector risks are too high, the potential public

benefits are significant and aligned with policy goals• Leverages core competencies and assets

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sCO2 Program Needs

Nominal Application-Specific Conditions for sCO2 Turbo Machinery(Ref. sCO2 Power Cycle Technology Roadmapping Workshop, February 2013, SwRI San Antonio, TX)

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Current Status

Objective: Construct the 10 MWe scale Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP) pilot scale facility and address technical issues, reduce risk, and mature sCO2 technology for demonstration.

Activities:• NE support for SNL sCO2 facility, R&D on compact heat exchanger

design/code qualification (ongoing activity) • Developing a consortium that will promote industrial engagement and allow

sharing of pre-commercial ideas and technology• Final negotiations for conceptual design cost and schedule RFP (12/15)

• Accomplishments: • NE issued RFP for conceptual design and cost July 2015• FE released (3/23/15) and awarded (9/4/15) an FOA for advanced

recuperator development and fabrication (10MW, 700C)• EERE selected multi-year sCO2 projects on 9/17/15 for solar specific and

broad-based applications. Examples of the latter include high-temperature recuperator design and build, materials corrosion testing, and compressor design and build to allow for more variable operating conditions

12

Summary/Take Away

• Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2)-based power cycles have shown the potential to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of electricity generation compared to existing steam based power cycles.

• sCO2 cycle is relevant to electric power generation for concentrating solar, nuclear, fossil fuel, geothermal and waste heat recovery applications.

• Technology risk is currently too high and payoff too long term for industry to go it alone. Some companies are prepositioning themselves as first movers which underscores the perceived potential of this technology

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Backup Slides

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sCO2 Development History (DOE)

• NE has pursued research on sCO2 (Brayton Cycle) for over a decade

• NE’s vision - Raise public and government interest for building a demonstration facility (‘09)

• Offices of Fossil Energy (FE) and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) developed program specific R&D activities (‘10)

• Intra-program discussions begin to coordinate efforts (‘11)

• sCO2 Power Cycles Technology Road Mapping Workshop (‘13)

• Presented R&D efforts and highlighted the need for a collaborative path forward

• DOE Offices agreed that a commercial scale demonstration was needed to confirm benefits of sCO2 technology

15

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin

Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2014-17447 PE

Commercializing the sCO2 Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle

Gary E. Rochau, (505) 845-7543, gerocha@sandia.govAdvanced Nuclear Concepts

Nuclear Energy Systems Laboratory/Brayton Lab (Brayton.sandia.gov)

Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle (RCBC)Test Article (TA) at Sandia National Labs

17

• TA under test since 4/2010

• Over 100 kW-hrs of power generated

• Operated in 3 configurations

• Simple Brayton

• GE Waste Heat Cycle

• Recompression

• Verified cycle performance

• Developed Cycle Controls

• Progressing toward power generation

• Developing maintenance procedures

TA Description:Heater – 750 kW, 550°C Load Bank – 0.75 MWe

Max Pressure - 14 MPa Gas Compressor to scavenge

TAC gas

TACs – 2 ea, 125 kWe @ 75 kRPM, Inventory Control

2 power turbines, 2 compressors Turbine Bypass(Remote controlled)

High Temp Recuperator - 2.3 MW duty ASME B31.1 Coded Pipe, 6 Kg/s flow rate

Low Temp Recuperator – 1.7 MW duty Engineered Safety Controlling HazardsGas Chiller – 0.6 MW duty Remotely Operated

Path to High Efficiency

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Cycle Efficiency

Emissions Reduction vs. Cycle Efficiency

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Supercritical CO2 Cycle Applicable to Most Thermal Sources

7

1

2

3

5

6

8

CompressorsTurbine

HT Recup4

Alternator Waste Heat Chiller

LT RecupCO2

Solar

Fossil

Supercritical CO2

Brayton Cycle

DOE-NE AdvancedReactors

Nuclear (Gas, Sodium, Water)

Sequestration Ready

SunShot Power Cycle

ARRAGeothermal

MilitaryCONUSMarineMobile?

Gas Turbine Bottoming