Upload
luke-carney
View
215
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CARBO-Extreme
The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle under Climate Variability and Extremes - A Pan-European Synthesis
A 4-year multidisciplinary research project funded by the European CommissionChristian Beer, Dorothea Frank, Markus Reichstein (coordinator MPI-BGC)
Dominique Arrouays, Michael Bahn, Dan Berggren Kleja, Olivier Bouriaud, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Carrara, Torben Christensen, Philippe Ciais, Wolfgang Cramer, Eric Dufrêne, David Frank, Richard deJeu, André Granier, Georg Guggenberger, Andreas Ibrom, Daniela Jacob, Ivan Janssens, Chris Jones, Guy Kirk, Denis Loustau, Franco Miglietta, Michael Obersteiner, Dario Papale, Sonia Seneviratne, Pete Smith, Serge Rambal, Jean-François
Soussana, Marcel van Oijen, Miguel A. Zavala
The research leading to these results has receivedfunding from the European Community‘s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under
grant agreement n°226701.
CARBO-Extreme backgroundClimate Variability and Extreme Events
Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases do not only lead to
gradual ‘global warming’ but also to changed precipitation
patterns, increased variability and weather extremes such as heat
waves, longer dry spells, variability of growing season length and
heavy rainfall.
Current climate models predict specific regional effects (IPCC
2007):• Northern Europe: warmer and wetter winters and longer growing
seasons,• Central & Southern Europe: hotter and drier summers,• Mountain areas: reduced snow cover and glacier retreat,• Overall more variable climate in temperate zone.
Knowledge gapEffects of climate variability and extremes on the future fate of
European carbon balance are highly uncertain
CARBO-Extreme ……wants to close this knowledge gap by
• bringing together and reanalyzing existing long-term carbon cycle related observations,
• synthesizing and harmonizing new experimental approaches,• compiling and adapting latest regional climate scenarios,• using a strong model-data integration framework,
… and thereby will yield improved assessments of the European
carbon cycle under future climate and advice to the European
Commission and other stakeholders regarding climate, soil and
ecosystem protection policies.
The European Terrestrial Carbon Cycle – State of the Art• According to the latest assessment the European terrestrial biosphere
is a net carbon sink (CARBOEUROPE-IP project)• The future fate of this sink is highly uncertain and depending on
climate and land-use.• Climate variability and extremes will play an important role, but have
not been sufficiently accounted for in modelling and experimental studies leading to a critical knowledge gap.
Temperature difference from the average during the European heatwave of 2003 (Image by Reto Stöckli, Robert Simmon and David Herring, NASA Earth Observatory, based on data from the MODIS land team.)
Drought in Mediterranean soil, island of Milos, Greece.(Photo by Marcel van Oijen, CEH-Edinburgh (U.K.))
KLAUS storm impact on a maritime pine forest in a experimental watershed near Bordeaux; 28.01.09; (Photo by Marie Guillot, INRA, EPHYSE; Bordeaux, France)
CARBO-Extreme Partners
The Consortium consists of 25 partners from 12 European countries.
It is coordinated by the Max-Planck Institute forBiogeochemistry Jena, Germany.
Find more information at:
SOC = soil organic carbon, DOC = dissolved organic carbon, POC = particulate organic carbon, DIC = dissolved inorganic carbon
ContactMax-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena
Dr. Markus Reichstein (Coordinator)
Phone: +49 3641 576273
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Dorothea Frank (Project Manager)
E-mail: [email protected]
Relative changes in precipitation (in %) for the period 2090–2099, relative to 1980–1999. Values are multi-model averages based on the SRES A1B scenario for June to August. White areas are where less than 66% of the models agree in the sign of the change and stippled areas are where more than 90% of the models agree in the sign of the change. (IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdomand New York, NY, USA.; page 16, their Fig.SPM.7 )
Background picture: adapted from Ssolbergj, Wikimedia Commons, under Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License
Drought experiment at CARBO-Extreme site Stubai, Austria, June 2009 (Photo by Michael Bahn, UIBK; Innsbruck, Austria)
Researchers at fieldwork - sampling in Abisko National Park, Sweden (Photo by Flurin Babst, WSL; Birmensdorf, Switzlerland)
Rainfall exclusion experiment at state forest of Hesse (North-Eastern France), September 2007 (Photo by Marion Zapater , INRA-Nancy, France)
Schematic showing the effect on extreme temperatureswhen (a) the mean temperature increases, (b) the variance increases, and (c) when both the mean and variance increase for a normal distribution of temperature. From Folland et al. 2001, page 155, their Fig. 2.32 (Folland, C.K., T.R. Karl, J.R. Christy, R.A. Clarke, G.V. Gruza, J. Jouzel, M.E. Mann, J. Oerlemans, M.J. Salinger and S.-W. Wang, 2001: Observed Climate Variability and Change. In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T.,Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 881pp.)
Pinus sylvestris disc collected in Finnish Lapland (Photo by Flurin Babst, WSL; Birmensdorf, Switzlerland)