1

CAR TERMINOLOGY AND FEATURES

An Introduction to

2

CONTENTS

• CAR BASIC TERMINOLOGY• STAGES OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT• INTERIORS AND CONSOLES• DISCUSSIONS

3

CONSTRUCTION TYPES

CONVENTIONAL BODY –OVER –FRAME

UNIBODY/SINGLE BODY

4

UNIBODY TYPE

5

CAR FRONT BODY

• ENGINE HOOD• COWL ASSY/HOOD HINGES• FRONT FENDER• RADIATOR UPPER SUPPORT• RADIATOR SIDE SUPPORT• FRONT CROSS MEMBER• FRONT SIDE MEMBERS• DASH PANEL• FRONT FLOOR PANEL

6

CAR REAR BODY

• BACK DOOR PANEL• LOWER BACK PANEL• REAR FENDER• REAR FLOOR PANEL• TRUNK OR BOOT• REAR BUMPER

7

A pillar : the front pillar on a car's "greenhouse

B pillar : the second pillar of a car's greenhouse, usually separating the front and rear door on a standard 4 door style sedan.  

C pillar : the third pillar of a car's greenhouse, usually joining the rear door of a standard 4 door sedan to the backlight.  

BASIC CAR TERMINOLOGIESD pillar

8

BASIC CAR FEATURES

9

CAR FEATURES

10

CAR HEADERS

11

CAR ROOF PANELS

12

WIND SHIELD

WINDSHIELDS ARE PARTS MADE OF TEMPERED GLASS OF THICHNESS VARYING FROM 1.8-2.8MM.

THE PRIMARY DUTY OF THE WIND SHIELD IS TO SAFEGUARD THE OCCUPANTS OF THE CAR AGAINST WIND AND RAIN.

ITS IS PLACED IN THE PLASTICS WEB IN FRONT HEADER PART,AND IN THE ‘A’ PILLAR AT THE SIDES.

PROVISIONS ARE MADE IN THE ‘A’ PILLAR TO ACCOMADATE THE WINDSHIELD AT THE SIDES.

ALL THE CORNER OF THE WINDSHIELD ARE COVERED WITH WEATHER STRIPS IN ORDER TO CONTROL RAINWATER CREEPAGE

13

CAR HOOD/BONNET

Bonnet or hood is a covering part of engine ,chassis,and other internal parts.normally it is hinged to the cowl part.It is surrounded with weather strips along its periphery with two sides resting on fender .

14

COWL ASSY

CAR COWL HOLDING THE BONNET/HOOD

HOOD IS HINGED TO COWL ASSY FOR MOVEMENTS

15

BUMPERS

• Bumpers are formed to specific shapes in order to absorb and deliver (Energy) momentum during a collision.

• Bumpers absorbs some of the impact, which decreases damage to the car and its occupants.

• Bumpers are provided with shock absorber ,In slow speed collisions, this allows the bumper to compress, and then extend back to its original position.

• Bumpers are provided on Front & Rear Sides.

16

FRONT BUMPERS

MATERIALS : ABS PLASTICS /POLYURETHANE/

FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS(FRP’S).

17

REAR BUMPERS

MATERIALS : ABS PLASTICS /POLYURETHANE/

FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS(FRP’S).

18

FENDER

FENDER IS A PART USUALLY MADE UP OF THIN ALUMINIUM SHEET WITH CHROMEPLATED ABS ON SURFACE.ITS SHAPE IS DERIVED FROM BONNET OR HOOD ON ONE SIDE AND WHEEL CURVATURE ON THE OTHER SIDE.IT IS NORMALLY WELDED TO APRON OF THE CAR FRONT BODY.

19

HEAD LAMPS

5TH GENERATION DE MODULE (AFS)

BEZEL

PC LENS

REFLECTOR

20

LIGHTING DEVICES

TYPES OF LIGTING DEVICES IN MARKET

1. HALOGEN BULB.

2. XENON VERSION.

3. VARIOX XENON.

4. PRE AFS MODULE.

21

HEADLAMPS PARTS

TYPICAL HEADLAMP CONSISTS OF

HOUSING

HOUSING IS A PART WHICH HOLDS ENTIRE LIGHTING SYSTEMS.IT IS FIXED WITH 4 MOUNTING DEVICES TO FENDER APRON.AND IT HAS 2 CIRCULAR OPENINGS FOR HIGH BEAM AND LOW BEAM MODULES.IT IS MADE UP OF PP COPOLYMER

REFLECTOR

REFLECTOR IS THE MAIN PART OF A HEADLAMP UNIT WHICH IS SECURED IN THE HOUSING.IT HAS A PARABOLIC LIGTING SURFACES HAVING RECTANGULAR SERATION ALONG ITS PERIPHERY.THESE SURFACES ARE ‘A’ CLASS SURFACES CONSTRUCTED IN ALIYAS.THIS IS THE SURFACE WHICH REFLECTS THE LIGHT IN BEAM.THE MATERIAL USED FOR THIS CHROMATED PP.

22

HEAD LAMPS PARTS

LENS

ITS MADE UP OF POLYCARBONATE,A EXCELLENT TRANSPARENT PLASTICS.IT CAN BE OF GLASS ALSO.NOW A DAYS CLEAR LENS ARE USED IN SUV CARS WITH THE LIGHTING SERATION IN THE REFLECTOR.

THE LENS COVERS THE ENTIRE LIGHTING SYSTEMS,DUE TO ITS TRANSPARENCY ITS REFRACTS THE LIGHT OUTPUT IN A SYNCHRONIZED MANNER.THE FRONT PROJECTED AREA OF THE LENS IS ‘A ‘ CLASS SURFACE.

THE LENS IS GLUED TO THE HOUSING BY SPECIAL ADHESIVES.

BEZEL

IT IS MADE OF HIGH CLASS EPDM/ABS COMPOSITE PLASTICS.THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF A BEZEL IS TO COVER NON-LIGHTING AREA.ITA AN ENTIRE STYLING PART OF A HEADLAMP.THE ENTIRE AESTHETIC LOOK OF HEADLAMP RELY ON THIS PART.

MORE IMPORTANCE IS GIVEN FOR ITS STYLING.

23

FLOOR SILL

THE SILL IS THE BOTTOM EDGE OF A CAR

IT IS WELDED ON TO THE FLOOR PANELS

IT IS MADE UP OF ALUMINIUM DIPPED HIGH DENSITY ALLOY STEEL IN ORDER TO WITHSTAND CORROSIVENESS

SILL SEAM IS THE LINE FORMED BETWEEN THE DOOR PANELS AND SILL PART .IT IS NORMALLY EMBEDDED WITH WEATHER STRIPS MADE UP OF RUBBER.

THE LENGTH OF THE FLOOR SILL IS UPTO THE WHEEL WING APRON

24

SIDE PANEL

25

Door panel

26

AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANK

THIS IS A TYPICAL PLASTICS FUEL TANK.

NORMALLY NOW-A-DAYS FUEL TANK S ARE ALL MADE UP OF PLASTICS

THE MATERIAL FOR THAT IS HDPE COPOLYMER

THE ADVANTAGE OF PLASTICS HERE IS DUE TO ITS HIGH CORROSIVE PROPETIES AND MANUFACTUREING FEASIBLITY INTO INTRICATE SHAPES

27

DIFFERENT FEATURES AND MATERIAL

HOOD

FRONT BUMPER BRACKET

FRONT FENDER DOOR PANELS

REAR FENDER

BIWCAR ROOF REAR END

PANEL

CAR TRUNK

28

CAR FEATURES AND MATL.DISTRIBUTION

29

FEATURES CHART

30

BODY IN WHITE CONCEPT

THE BODY IN WHITE IS THE CORE SHELL OF THE CAR

NORMALLY MADE OF ALUMINIUM SPECIAL ALLOY STEEL

THESE ARE PATTENDED MODELS

FROM THESE BODY EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR PARTS ARE DEVELOPED

31

FRONT BIW

32

REAR BIW

33

SIDE BIW

34

TYPICAL BIW WITH PILLARS

35

CAR BODY FRONT BIW FLOOR PANEL

36

BUILDING CONCEPTS

• Normally BIW’s are made of aluminium alloy or special molybdenum steels.

• Due to lighter weights and non-corrosive properties aluminium is considered.

37

SKETCHING

38

CLAY AND PORCELAIN MODELLING

39

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT

• AS THE STYLING SHAPE OF THE CAR IS FINALISED ,THEN THE SCANNED TIFF DATA IS SENT TO 3D -STUDIO MAX, HYPERMESH.

• THERE WITH THE HELP OF THE SCANNED POINTS,STYLING IS OPTIMISED AND ENRICHED.

• THEN EACH AND EVERY VIEW OF CAR IS STYLED THERE AS AN IMAGED VIEW.

• HYPERMESH IS USED TO MAKE PRE ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONALITY TO AVOID COST IN CONCEPT DEVELOPING AND IN TROUBLESHOOTING

40

THE REALITY

• THEN COMES THE IMAGINATIONS INTO REALITY.THE SCANNED DATA FROM THE MESH ARE TAKEN TO THE HIGH END SOFT TOOL LIKE ICEMSURF, ENOVIA.

• FROM THE DATA CLOUDS OF POINTS ARE CREATED,AND THE POINTS ARE TAKEN TO CREATE INITIAL SURFACES

• FROM THE STYLING CONCEPT,BIW IS DEVELOPED FIRST (THE CORE SHELL OF THE BODY)AND ITS EMBEDDED WITH EXTERIORS AND INTERIORS

41

INTERIOR PANEL AND CONSOLES

42

INTERIOR PANEL

All the upholstery and molding which is embedded over the body shell to give aesthetic appearance are called interior panel.

43

INTERIOR PANEL TYPES

INSTRUMENT PANEL

AC PANEL

DOOR PANEL

DASHBOARD PANEL

44

INSTRUMENT PANEL

A TYPICAL INSTRUMENT PANEL MADE OF ABS PLASTICS.ITS AN ADDED PART OF A DASHBOARD PANEL

45

AC PANEL

A TYPICAL AC PANEL MADE OF ABS RESIN.

TESE INCLUDES AIR VENT, TRAY .ETC

ITS AN HYBRID PART OF DASHPOD PANEL

46

DOOR PANEL

PLASTICS IP TRIM

EXTERIOR PANEL

TRIM SLOTS

ARM REST INNER ASSY.

47

DOOR TRIMS

DOOR TRIMS ARE MADE UP OF PVC SHEETS, PP, POLYURETHANE,WHICH ARE TRIMMED TO REQUIRED SHAPES FOR FEASIBLITY.THESE ARE THEN ATTACHED TO PLASTICS OR SHEETMETAL HYBRID.PROVISIONS AND OPENINGS ARE MADE FOR HANDLES AND ACCESSORIES

TRIMS DONE ON FOR HANDLES

OVAL TRIM FOR ARMREST

48

INNER DOOR TRIMS

DOOR IP TRIM

49

TYPICAL DOOR TRIM

HYBRID TRIM MADE OF PP

PADDER OR ARM REST

POLYURETHANE UPHOLSTERY

50

WHAT ARE CONSOLES?

CONSOLES ARE THE PARTS WHICH ADDS AESTHETIC LOOK AND COMFORT FOR THE OCCUPANTS.IT IS EMBEDDED OVER PLASTIC OR METAL PANEL.

51

CONSOLES TYPES

-floor consoles 

- overhead roof consoles 

- seat consoles and desks 

- dashboard consoles 

- door pockets 

- cargo storage drawers

52

DASHBOARD CONSOLE

.

The dashboard pod is a binnacle that sits on top of the dashboard and is ideal for mounting a radio, CB extension speaker etc. It is a small version of the instrument pod that houses the speedometer which comes standard in all vehicles. Dash pods are finished in a vinyl that matches the dashboard crash pad. Most crash pads have a vacuum formed finish.

53

DOOR TRIMS WITH CONSOLE

DOOR CONSOLE

54

INTERIOR CONSOLES

CONSOLES

It comes complete with a storage bin and a hinged lid that forms a padded armrest. The storage bin is upholstered on the inside and includes a removable lining that is held in place by Velcro tape.

STORAGE BIN

FLOOR CONSOLES

CENTER CONSOLE

55

CENTER FLOOR CONSOLE

             

Half Length Center Floor Console

Available for all transmission types, column shift, manual floor shift, and automatic floor shift. Suitable for bench or bucket seats. This design sits neatly under the dashboard and supplies as much flat facia as possible

56

AESTHETIC CONSOLES

POLYURETHANE FOAM CONSOLES

INST.PANEL

57

ANY SUGESSTIONS PLEASE

58

THANK YOU !