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Capitalism for the Long Term Featuring: Dominic Barton, McKinsey & Company’s global managing director and author of the Harvard Business Review article “Capitalism for the Long Term.” Adi Ignatius, Editor In Chief, Harvard Business Review JULY 1, 2014 Sponsored by

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Capitalism for the Long Term

Featuring:

Dominic Barton, McKinsey & Company’s global managing director and author of the Harvard Business Review article “Capitalism for the Long Term.”

Adi Ignatius, Editor In Chief, Harvard Business Review

JULY 1, 2014

Sponsored by

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Questions?

OCTOBER 17, 2012

To ask a question … click on the “question icon” in the lower-right corner of your screen.

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Presentation Download Link

OCTOBER 17, 2012

Click on the double links icon here to download the presentation materials.

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Dominic Barton, McKinsey & Company’s global managing director and author of the Harvard Business Review article “Capitalism for the Long Term.”

Adi Ignatius, Editor In Chief, Harvard Business Review

Capitalism for the Long Term

Today’s Speakers

JULY 1, 2014

@HBRexchange | #HBRwebinar

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McKinsey & Company | 6

Contents

1

2

3

The rise of short-termism

The importance of long-term thinking

Shifting to a longer-term mindset

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 77

Short‐term pressures are escalating

Average duration of London Stock Exchange holdings fell from 5 years in 1966 to only 8 months in 20071

55% of CFOs will reject an NPV‐positive investment if it means missing next quarter’s earnings targets

Average CEO tenure has dropped to < 7 years todayfrom 10 years in 1995, and 4.2 years for Fortune 500 CEOs

63% say that the pressure has increased over the past five years to generate short term to results

73% say that they should use a time horizon of more than 3 years

2011 20122013 2014

Of 1,000+ surveyed C‐suite executives and board members, 44% use a time horizon of less than 3 years in setting strategy

20132014

1 Similar trends exist in the US – average duration of NYSE stock holdings has fallen from 6 years in 1975 to only 7 months in 2009

THE RISE OF SHORT TERMISM

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 88

Executives report that short‐term pressure is increasing, and that the board, investors and their own actions are to blame

SOURCE: McKinsey‐CPPIB ‘Focusing Capital on the Long Term’ survey 2013

63% of respondents report feeling increased pressure to deliver short‐term results

Percentage of respondents,1 n = 474

2

63

25

9

Don’t know/not applicable

Increased

No change

Decrease

Short‐term pressure most often comes from directors and executives

Percentage of respondents,2 n = 474

2

3

5

6

10

14

15

20

20

23

43

47

Retail investors

Proxy advisory firms

Hedge funds

Regulators and/or government officials

Customers

Competitors

Sell‐side analysts

Banks and/or debt holders

Institutional shareholders

Private‐equity investors

Executive team

Board of directors

1 Figures may not add up to 100%, because of rounding2 Respondents who answered “other”, “none”, or “don’t know/not applicable” are not shown..

THE RISE OF SHORT TERMISM

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 99

Executives report that while they should be using a 3+ year horizon for strategic decision making, they rarely look out more than 4 years

SOURCE: McKinsey‐CPPIB ‘Focusing Capital on the Long Term’ survey 2013

1

4

11

41

33

11

Time horizon today

Don’t know

7 or more years

5 to 6 years

3 to 4 years

1 to 2 years

1 year or less

2.9

0

11

19

43

20

7

Ideal time horizon

3.7

44% currently use less than 3 years' time horizon to assess strategic plans; 73% believe the ideal time horizon should be more than 3‐4 years

3

3

4

11

35

44

7 or more years

Don’t know

5 to 6 years

3 to 4 years

1 to 2 years

1 year or less

79% of respondents report feeling the most pressure to demonstrate financial performance within 2 years

"When your company's management team conducts a formal review of corporate strategy, what is the primary time horizon for future strategic planning?”Percent, Total Respondents = 474 (Single response) 

"In your current role, over which of the following time periods do you personally feel the most pressure to demonstrate strong financial performance at your company?”Percent, Total Respondents = 474 (Single response) 

Avg years

THE RISE OF SHORT TERMISM

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1010

Increased short‐termism is evident across the investment value chainTHE RISE OF SHORT TERMISM

Time Horizon1 Pressures

20‐30 years

1‐5 years

3‐12 months

< 5 years

< 4 years

Savers

Management

Corporate boards

Asset managers

Institutional investors

▪ Despite long horizon, savers increasingly allocating assets using short‐term performance metrics largely due to declining real returns and the end of defined benefit pension plans

▪ Most pension funds and other institutional investors are reducing their allocations to public equities and placing a greater share in passive investments

▪ Asset managers are focused on a game of relative performance while stock turnover has increased with speculation and trading replacing fundamentals

▪ Boards and management have come under increased pressure from media and sell‐side analysts

▪ CEO tenures have declined but asset lifespans have not, meaning that few CEOs last long enough to see the full consequences of their strategic decisions

1 Based on current incentive structures for most actors

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1111

It took P&G, Coca‐Cola and Walmart 8‐11 years to become profitable in China

Intel abandoned manufacturing memory chips in 1985 to focus on microprocessors

Long‐term thinking is essential for long‐term success

Apple’s share price fell 25% the year the first iPod was released

86% executives agree that a longer time horizon for business decisions would improve corporate performance

70‐90% of a company’s value is related to cash flows 

3+ years out

THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG‐TERM THINKING

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1212

If institutional investors and corporate boards act in a coordinated fashion, they have the ability to re‐orient the system to the long‐term

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET

▪ Fiduciary duty – Legal and moral imperative to represent the interests  of shareholders, which is usually best served by a long‐term mindset

▪ Link between investors (IIs) and executives – IIs can reorient boards, but only boards can reorient management

▪ Successful models exist – Boards of private equity‐owned firms provide successful models for long‐term governance, metrics and incentives

▪ Concentrated decision making – Top 10 institutional investors control $10 trillion in assets (15% of all global assets)

▪ Significant share of equity markets – Directly or indirectly own 70% of outstanding stock in largest 1,000 US public corporations (2011)

▪ In it for the long haul – Many institutional investors recognize that the scale of their investments places them in a position to help shape the company’s success (and also makes it difficult to fully exit a position)

Why they can make a difference

Savers

Management

Corporate boards

Asset managers

Institutional investors

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1313

There are a number of practical actions that can be taken as a group to tackle short‐term thinking

Board focus▪ Pay non‐executive directors for at least 40 days work per year▪ Review the proportion of Board time spent on long‐term issues, and explore whether a long‐term health committee would help increase the amount

Investor‐corporate dialogue▪ Commit to highlight 5 long‐term metrics that are material to the long‐term health of the business model in earnings calls and annual reports

▪ Discontinue quarterly earning guidance by 2015

Reorient portfolio▪ Use a portion of new asset manager mandates to pilot a range of longer‐term incentives and evaluations

Engagement▪ Set up a collaborative engagement platform and test it by engaging with companies on executives' long‐term incentive plans

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET

Savers

Management

Corporate boards

Asset managers

Institutional investors

How they can make a difference

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1414

Practical changes for institutional investors

Ensure board members are independent, experienced and have a long‐term approach (e.g., Norges Bank Investment Management maintained its long‐term strategy through volatile equity markets)

Unlock value through engagement and active ownership (e.g., Larry Fink encourages companies to work directly with BlackRock and other shareholders, rather than focusing on winning over proxy advisory firms)

Define long‐term objectives and risk appetite  (e.g., GICmaintains a 20‐year time horizon for value creation)

Demand long‐term metrics (e.g., Puma developed environmental and social impact “P&Ls”, Natura publishes sales force satisfaction and turnover metrics)

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET: INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1515

Several large institutional investors have taken steps towards setting longer horizons for their investments

The Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan has been a leader in allocating capital to illiquid long‐term assets – today 23% of its portfolio is in real assets (e.g., water utilities, retail and office building)

GIC, Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund maintains a publicly‐stated 20‐year time horizon for value creation, deliberately investing up to a third of its portfolios in companies in volatile emerging Asian markets

Berkshire Hathaway uses the rolling five‐year average performance of the S&P 500 (rather than annual returns) as its benchmark to signal its longer‐term focus (benchmark is less impacted by year‐to‐year volatility)

The Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board is experimenting with innovative ideas to encourage a longer‐term outlook with its investment professionals (e.g., committing capital for 3 years, basing performance‐based payments on long‐term track records, rather than annually)

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET: INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1616

The Equity Engagement Spectrum

Ownership stake in company

<2% 1‐5% >10%Ongoing engagement Active ownership Relationship investing

CalPERS screens its portfolio to identify companies that have underperformed and works with them to improve their strategy and governance 

▪ Continuously monitors companies – both reacting to performance and providing ongoing input

▪ May build micro‐coalitions with other investors

▪ Works publicly or privately to persuade the board and management to change long‐term strategy

▪ Tries to build micro‐coalitions with other investors

▪ Works collaboratively with management on long‐term strategy

▪ Often has board seats

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET: INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

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Focusing Capital on the Long Term  | 1717

The role of boards in shifting to a longer‐term mindset

Boards of directors need to …

Spend more time (e.g., directors of public companies devote only 12‐20 days per year to their duties, compared to 54 days for private equity‐owned companies)

Focus more on long‐term strategy (e.g., 75‐80% of directors’ time is spent on fiduciary issues, while only 4% of companies have a long‐term strategy committee)

Have more relevant experience (4 of 5 non‐executive directors of large companies lack industry knowledge)

46%of executives named their board as a significant source of increased pressure to demonstrate short‐term performance 

over the past 5 years

SHIFTING TO A LONGER‐TERM MINDSET: CORPORATE BOARDS

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Questions?

OCTOBER 17, 2012

To ask a question … click on the “question icon” in the lower-right corner of your screen.

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