Capital(and largest city)

Dublin 53°20.65′N 6°16.05′W53.34417°N 6.2675°W

Official languages Irish, EnglishEuhnic groups87.4% Irish, 7.5% Other White (British, Polish, other) 1.3% Asian, 1.1% Black, 1.1% mixed, 1.6% unspec.

Demonym Irish Government Republic and Parliamentary democracy

  -President Mary McAleese  ;Taoiseach Brian Cowen, TD -Tánaiste Mary Coughlan, TD

• In the 20th century, Irish architecture followed the international trend towards modern, sleek and often radical building styles, particularly after independence in the first half of the century. New building materials and old were utilised in new ways to maximise style, space, light and energy efficiency. 1928 saw the construction of Ireland's first all concrete Art Deco church in Turner's Cross, Cork. The building was designed by Chicago architect Barry Byrne and met with a cool reception among those more accustomed to traditional designs.

• In 1953, one of Ireland's most radical buildings, Bus Éireann's main Dublin terminal building, better known as Busáras, was completed. It was built despite huge public opposition and excessive costs of over £1 million.[ Michael Scott, its architect is now considered one of the most important architects of the 20th century in Ireland.

• A significant change in Ireland's architecture has taken place over the last few years, with a major shift towards the European continental ethos of architecture and urbanity.] There are currently four buildings in planning that would eclipse the country's current tallest building record - currently held by

Ireland is a republic, with a parliamentary system of government. The President of Ireland, who Ireland is a republic, with a parliamentary system of government. The President of Ireland, who serves as head of state, is elected for a seven-year term and can be re-elected only once. The serves as head of state, is elected for a seven-year term and can be re-elected only once. The

president is largely a figurehead but can still carry out certain constitutional powers and functions, president is largely a figurehead but can still carry out certain constitutional powers and functions, aided by the Council of State, an advisory body. The aided by the Council of State, an advisory body. The TaoiseachTaoiseach (prime minister), is appointed by the (prime minister), is appointed by the president on the nomination of parliament. Most president on the nomination of parliament. Most TaoisighTaoisigh have been the leader of the political party have been the leader of the political party

which wins the most seats in the national elections. It has become normal for coalitions to form a which wins the most seats in the national elections. It has become normal for coalitions to form a government, and there has not been a single-party government since 1989.government, and there has not been a single-party government since 1989.

The bicameral parliament, the The bicameral parliament, the OireachtasOireachtas, consists of the President of Ireland, a Senate, , consists of the President of Ireland, a Senate, SeanaSeanadd ÉireannÉireann, being the upper House, and a House of Representatives, , being the upper House, and a House of Representatives, Dáil ÉireannDáil Éireann, being the lower , being the lower

House. The House. The SeanadSeanad is composed of sixty members; eleven nominated by the is composed of sixty members; eleven nominated by the TaoiseachTaoiseach, six elected , six elected by two universities, and 43 elected by public representatives from panels of candidates established on by two universities, and 43 elected by public representatives from panels of candidates established on

a vocational basis. The a vocational basis. The DáilDáil has 166 members, has 166 members, Teachtaí DálaTeachtaí Dála, elected to represent multi-seat , elected to represent multi-seat constituencies under the system of proportional representation by means of the Single Transferabe constituencies under the system of proportional representation by means of the Single Transferabe

Vote. Under the constitution, parliamentary elections must be held at least every seven years, though Vote. Under the constitution, parliamentary elections must be held at least every seven years, though a lower limit may be set by statute law. The current statutory maximum term is five years.a lower limit may be set by statute law. The current statutory maximum term is five years.

1. Dublin: Dublin City ,Dún Laoghaire - Rathdowe Finga South Dublin 2. Wicklow

3. Wexford 4. Carlow

5. Kildare 6.Meath

7.Louth 8.Monaghan

9.Cavan 10.Longford

11.Westmeath 12.Offay

13.Laois 14.Kilkenny

15.Waterford 16.Cork

17.Kerry 18.Limerick

19.Tipperary 20.Clare

21. Galway 22. Mayo

23. Roscommon 24 Sligo

25. Leitrim 6.Donega

The island of Ireland extends over 84,421 Square kilometres (32,556 square miles), of which 83% (approx. five-sixths) belong to the Irish state (70,280 km²; 27,103 sq mi),

while the remainder constitute Northern Ireland. It is bounded to the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the northeast by the North Channel. To the east is found the Irish Sea which reconnects to the ocean via the southwest with St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea. The west coast of Ireland mostly consists of cliffs, hills and low mountains (the highest point being Carrauntoohil at 1,038 m or 3,406 ft). The coastline has been remarked to look like a teddy bear facing west. The interior of the country is relatively

flat land, traversed by rivers such as the River Shannon and several large lakes or loughs. The centre of the country is part of the River Shannon watershed, containing large areas of bogland, used for peat extraction and production. Ireland also has of

shore deposits of oil and gas.

The local temperate climate is modified by the North Atlantic Current and is relatively mild. Summer temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F) usually once every decade, though commonly reach 29 °C (84 °F) most summers, and freezes occur only occasionally in winter, with temperatures below -6 °C (21 °F) being uncommon. Precipitation is very

common, with some parts of the country getting up to 275 days with rain annually.

The economy of Ireland has transformed in recent years from an agricultural focus to a modern knowledge economy, focusing on services and high-tech industries and

dependent on trade, industry and investment. Economic growth in Ireland averaged a (relatively high) 10% from 1995–2000, and 7% from 2001–2004. Industry, which

accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and 29% of the labour force, now takes the place of agriculture as the country's leading sector.

Exports play a fundamental role in Ireland's growth and over the last 40 years a string of significant base metal discoveries have been made, including the giant ore deposit at

Tara Mine. Zinc-lead ores are also currently exploited from two other underground operations in Lisheen and Galmoy. Ireland now ranks as the seventh largest producer

of zinc concentrates in the world, and the twelfth largest producer of lead concentrates. The combined output from these mines, three of Europe’s most modern and developed

mines, make Ireland the largest zinc producer in Europe and the second largest producer of lead.

The country has three main international airports (Dublin, Shannon, and Cork) that serve a wide variety of European and intercontinental routes with scheduled and chartered flights. The national airline is Aer Lingus,

although low cost airline Ryanair is the largest airline. The route between London and Dublin is the busiest international air route in

Europe, with 4.5 million people flying between the two cities in 2006.

Railway services are provided by Iarnród Éireann. Dublin is the centre of the network, with two main stations (Heuston and Connolly) linking to

the main towns and cities. The Enterprise service, run jointly with Northern Ireland Railways, connects Dublin with Belfast. Dublin has a

steadily improving public transport network of varying quality including the DART, Luas, Bus service and an expanding rail network although

the termination of most services at 18:00 remains an area for improvement.

Przygotowała : Lidia Kurzawska :)