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Capacity Building for Improvement of Vehicle Fuel Quality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sreten Leki ć Faculty of Sciences Department of Physics Banja Luka [email protected]. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Capacity Building for Capacity Building for Improvement of Vehicle Improvement of Vehicle
Fuel Quality inFuel Quality in Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina
Sreten LekiSreten LekiććFaculty of SciencesFaculty of SciencesDepartment of PhysicsDepartment of Physics
Banja LukaBanja Luka
[email protected]@blic.net
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IntroductionIntroduction
The aim of this paper is preview of actual The aim of this paper is preview of actual situation in traffic monitoring in Bosnia situation in traffic monitoring in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main part of this and Herzegovina. Main part of this presentation is particularly based on presentation is particularly based on report from group on report from group on Faculty of Traffic Faculty of Traffic and Communications University of and Communications University of SarajevoSarajevo under the leadership under the leadership Dr Osman Dr Osman LindovLindov. For improvement the capabilities . For improvement the capabilities for monitoring and statistical analyses of for monitoring and statistical analyses of traffic, a pilot data base in access program traffic, a pilot data base in access program was developed in Banja Luka was developed in Banja Luka
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Project was supported by Ministry of traffic Project was supported by Ministry of traffic Republic of Srpska as a part of Spanish Republic of Srpska as a part of Spanish international project.international project.
More then 26 000 vehicles with register More then 26 000 vehicles with register number as personal ID are constituents of number as personal ID are constituents of this base. Numerous relation between the this base. Numerous relation between the attributes of vehicles will improved and attributes of vehicles will improved and accelerated monitoring and analyzes great accelerated monitoring and analyzes great number of parameters.number of parameters.
Our intention to make a serious steps in Our intention to make a serious steps in fuel quality control is immobilized by many fuel quality control is immobilized by many factor. We hope that is efficient way for factor. We hope that is efficient way for further steps.further steps.
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Specific Data for BiHSpecific Data for BiH
Area (km2)Area (km2) 51,20951,209
Population (million)Population (million) 3,8323,832
GDP ($ per capita)GDP ($ per capita) 1,8451,845
Total consumption of crude oil Total consumption of crude oil (in barrels)** (in barrels)**
Percentage sulphur content of Percentage sulphur content of
crude oilcrude oil
7 342 974 7 342 974
0,050,05 Energy consumption by Energy consumption by transport (tones of oil transport (tones of oil equivalent)equivalent)
n/an/a
**Reporting data under Council Regulation 2964/95
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Institutional framework of air quality legislationInstitutional framework of air quality legislation Institution nameInstitution name DepartmentsDepartments Legal actsLegal acts
1 1 Federal Ministry of Federal Ministry of Urban Planning & Urban Planning & Environmental Environmental ProtectionProtection
2. 2. RS Ministry of RS Ministry of Spatial Planning Civil Spatial Planning Civil Engineering and Engineering and EcologyEcology
3. The Ministries of 3. The Ministries of planning area and planning area and environment on environment on Cantonal levelCantonal level
The law states that The law states that the air quality the air quality measurement will measurement will be entrusted to an be entrusted to an expert institution expert institution without defining to without defining to which one which one
The act of air The act of air
qualityquality
The act of air The act of air
qualityquality
The act of air The act of air
qualityquality
Air QualityAir Quality
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Steps towards EU approximation: Steps towards EU approximation: air quality legislation air quality legislation
Problems:Problems:
Insufficient instruments for Insufficient instruments for monitoring and qualified people for monitoring and qualified people for implementation of legislationimplementation of legislation
Procurement of the equipment for Procurement of the equipment for monitoring and for personnel trainingmonitoring and for personnel training
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Received technical assistance for EU Received technical assistance for EU
approximation: air quality legislationapproximation: air quality legislation Phare programPhare program – The funded and expert – The funded and expert
assistance for Act of environment FBiH and assistance for Act of environment FBiH and RS. This project is funded by the European RS. This project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by Union and is implemented by Umweltbundesamt GmbH (Federal Environment Umweltbundesamt GmbH (Federal Environment Agency Ltd),Vienna, Austria, as the leading Agency Ltd),Vienna, Austria, as the leading partner in consortium with CEEN Economic partner in consortium with CEEN Economic Project & Policy Consulting GmbH, Vienna, Project & Policy Consulting GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Environmental Management and Law Austria; Environmental Management and Law Association of Hungary, The Institute for Association of Hungary, The Institute for European Environmental Policy, UK; and in sub-European Environmental Policy, UK; and in sub-contractual relation to TMC Asser Institute, The contractual relation to TMC Asser Institute, The Hague, Netherlands and SNEDE, Portugal.Hague, Netherlands and SNEDE, Portugal.
The project refers to financial and expert The project refers to financial and expert assistance within the development of assistance within the development of environmental protection laws (six laws).environmental protection laws (six laws).
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The project refers to financial and expert The project refers to financial and expert assistance within the development of assistance within the development of
environmental protection laws (six laws).environmental protection laws (six laws). Law on water protectionLaw on water protection Law on wasteLaw on waste Law on nature protectionLaw on nature protection Law on air protectionLaw on air protection Law on environmental protectionLaw on environmental protection Law on fund for environmental Law on fund for environmental
protectionprotection This set of laws has been adopted by This set of laws has been adopted by
Parliaments of the FB-H and the RS during Parliaments of the FB-H and the RS during 2003, although a significant part of 2003, although a significant part of regulations hasn’t been adopted yet.regulations hasn’t been adopted yet.
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Air quality legislationAir quality legislation EU legislationEU legislation National National
legislationlegislation Correspondence Correspondence to EU to EU legislation**legislation**
Old Directives*:Old Directives*:
80/779/EEC (SO2,PM)80/779/EEC (SO2,PM)
82/884/EEC (Pb)82/884/EEC (Pb)
85/203/EEC (NOx)85/203/EEC (NOx)
92/72/EEC (Ozone)92/72/EEC (Ozone)
93/389/EEC (GHG)93/389/EEC (GHG)
Air Quality Framework Directive Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC 96/62/EC 97/101/EC (Information 97/101/EC (Information exchange)exchange)
Daughter Directives:Daughter Directives:
1999/30/EC (NOx, SO2, Pb and PM10) 1999/30/EC (NOx, SO2, Pb and PM10)
2000/69/EC (Benzene, CO)2000/69/EC (Benzene, CO)
2002/3/EC (Ozone)2002/3/EC (Ozone)
Fourth Daughter Directive (Proposal for Fourth Daughter Directive (Proposal for As, Cd, Hg, Ni, PAH)As, Cd, Hg, Ni, PAH)
The legality The legality (low) of air (low) of air quality quality (entities(entities
Partial Partial transpositiotranspositio
nn
1010
EU legislationEU legislation National National legislationlegislation
Correspondence Correspondence to EU to EU legislation**legislation**
Emissions into airEmissions into air Entity laws Entity laws on air on air
qualityquality
Partial Partial transpositiontransposition
94/63/EC (VOCs from petrol)94/63/EC (VOCs from petrol)
1999/13/EC (VOCs from 1999/13/EC (VOCs from solvents)solvents)
1999/32/EC (Sulphur content 1999/32/EC (Sulphur content in liquid fuels)in liquid fuels)
N/AN/A
N/AN/A
0,050,05 Partial Partial transpositiontransposition
* Repealed by Directive 96/62/EC and its daughter directives**Full transposition/Partial transposition/No transposition
1111
Primary air pollutant criteria standardsPrimary air pollutant criteria standards Pollutant Pollutant standardstandard
EUEU NationalNational
Target *Target * DeadlineDeadline Target *Target * DeadliDeadli
nene
Carbon monoxide (CO)Carbon monoxide (CO)
8-hour average8-hour average10 mg/m310 mg/m3
01.01.200501.01.2005 10 mg/m310 mg/m3 N/AN/A
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
1-hour mean1-hour mean
Annual arithmetic meanAnnual arithmetic mean 200mg/m3 (18)200mg/m3 (18)
40 mg/m340 mg/m3 01.01.201001.01.2010
01.01.201001.01.2010
300 mg/m3300 mg/m3
60 mg/m360 mg/m3
N/AN/A
Nitrogen oxide (NOx)Nitrogen oxide (NOx)
Annual arithmetic meanAnnual arithmetic mean 30 μg/m330 μg/m319.07.200119.07.2001
30 μg/m330 μg/m3N/AN/A
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)
1-hour mean1-hour mean
8-hour mean8-hour mean 180 μg/m3180 μg/m3
120 μg/m3 (25)120 μg/m3 (25)
01.01.201001.01.2010
01.01.201001.01.2010
180 μg/m3180 μg/m3
120 μg/m3 (25)120 μg/m3 (25)
N/AN/A
Particulate (PM10)Particulate (PM10)
24-hour average24-hour average
Annual arithmetic meanAnnual arithmetic mean 180 μg/m3180 μg/m3
120 μg/m3 (25)120 μg/m3 (25)
01.01.200501.01.2005
01.01.200501.01.2005
N/AN/A
50 μg/m350 μg/m3
N/AN/A
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Primary air pollutant criteria standards Primary air pollutant criteria standards
(continued)(continued) Pollutant Pollutant standardstandard
EUEU NationalNational
Target Target DeadlineDeadline Target Target DeadlDeadl
ineine
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Annual arithmetic Annual arithmetic meanmean
24-hour average24-hour average
1-hour average1-hour average
20 μg/m3 20 μg/m3
125 μg/m3 (3)125 μg/m3 (3)
350 μg/m3 (24)350 μg/m3 (24)
19.07.200119.07.2001
01.01.200501.01.2005
01.01.200501.01.2005
50 μg/m3 50 μg/m3
125 μg/m3125 μg/m3
350 μg/m3350 μg/m3
N/AN/A
BenzeneBenzene
Annual arithmetic Annual arithmetic meanmean
Annual arithmetic Annual arithmetic mean mean
5 μg/m35 μg/m3
4 μg/m34 μg/m3
13.12.200.13.12.200.
01.01.2006.01.01.2006.
N/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/A
LeadLead
Annual arithmetic Annual arithmetic meanmean 0.5 μg/m30.5 μg/m3 01.01.2006.01.01.2006. 1.0 μg/m31.0 μg/m3
24-hour averag24-hour averag
N/AN/A
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Annual emissions of pollutants* in ambient air (2003**)Annual emissions of pollutants* in ambient air (2003**) SourceSource SO2 SO2
[ktons][ktons] CO2 CO2 [ktons][ktons]
PM10 PM10 [ktons][ktons]
NO2 NO2 [ktons][ktons]
NOx NOx [ktons][ktons]
VOC VOC [ktons][ktons]
CH4 CH4 [ktons][ktons]
Road Road transporttransport
0.580.58 2926.72926.7 1.81.8 0.220.22 16.316.3 10.110.1 0.670.67
% of total% of total n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a
Total***Total*** n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a
SourceSource NH3 NH3 [ktons][ktons]
CO CO [ktons][ktons]
Hg Hg [tons][tons]
Cd Cd [tons][tons]
Pb Pb [tons][tons]
PAH PAH [tons][tons]
Dioxins Dioxins and furans and furans
[g][g]
Road Road transporttransport
0.1430.143 76.276.2 n/an/a 0.0090.009 47.947.9 n/an/a n/an/a
% of total % of total n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a
Total***Total*** n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a n/an/a
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Comment (footnotes)Comment (footnotes)
*The table includes pollutant measurements according to the requirements of EU legislation. In some countries, pollutants such as PM10, NO2, NOx, etc. are measured in other forms (TSP, Total N).
**If data for 2003 is not available, older data inserted
***Anthropogenic emissions only
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Fuel QualityFuel QualityInstitutional framework of fuel quality control
Institution Institution namename
Institution Institution type*type*
ResponsibResponsibilityility
Frequency Frequency of fuel of fuel testingtesting
Number Number of of
authorizeauthorized testing d testing
labslabs
1. Ministry of 1. Ministry of Energy, Energy, Mineralogy Mineralogy and Industryand Industry
2. Ministry of 2. Ministry of TradeTrade
3.Inspekt 3.Inspekt RGH, RGH, SarajevoSarajevo
GovernmentGovernment
GovernmentGovernment
Private Private companycompany
The The decisions decisions BiH of the BiH of the fuel quality fuel quality - The - The programme programme monitoring monitoring for for implementaimplementations of the tions of the decisionsdecisions of of the fuel the fuel quality. quality.
According to According to needs and by needs and by the method the method of accidental of accidental sample sample
1000/year1000/year
22
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Fuel quality controlFuel quality control Steps towards EU approximationSteps towards EU approximation
ProblemsProblems: The decision on fluid oil combustions’ : The decision on fluid oil combustions’ quality doesn’t correspond to the Instruction on quality doesn’t correspond to the Instruction on the way of realization of the Decision on fluid oil the way of realization of the Decision on fluid oil combustions’ quality (Official Register B-H no. combustions’ quality (Official Register B-H no. 27/02). In conformity with the Decision, the 27/02). In conformity with the Decision, the energy inspection is competent for the monitoring energy inspection is competent for the monitoring and the quality, while according to the and the quality, while according to the Instruction, the federal trade inspections is Instruction, the federal trade inspections is competent for the verification of the competent for the verification of the harmonization of quality and release of the harmonization of quality and release of the quality certificate (Official Register FB-H 2/95). quality certificate (Official Register FB-H 2/95). The other problem is an inadequate equipment in The other problem is an inadequate equipment in the existing laboratories. the existing laboratories.
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Steps:Steps: Urgent solution of the problem, related to Urgent solution of the problem, related to the adoption of the final solution of the way to the adoption of the final solution of the way to realize the Decision on fluid oil combustions’ realize the Decision on fluid oil combustions’ quality, the adoption of regulations of the Law on quality, the adoption of regulations of the Law on the supervision of quality of determined imported the supervision of quality of determined imported and exported products (Official Register 13/03), and exported products (Official Register 13/03), as also the procurement of the equipment. as also the procurement of the equipment.
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Fuel quality legislationFuel quality legislation EU legislationEU legislation National National
legislationlegislation Correspondence Correspondence
to EU to EU
legislation*legislation* Council Regulation Council Regulation No 2964/95 No 2964/95 (registration of crude (registration of crude oil imports and oil imports and deliveries)deliveries)
98/70/EC (quality of 98/70/EC (quality of petrol and diesel petrol and diesel fuels)fuels)
2003/17/EC 2003/17/EC (amending 98/70/EC)(amending 98/70/EC)
BAS EN 228 (petrol)BAS EN 228 (petrol)
BAS EN 590 (diesel)BAS EN 590 (diesel)
Partial Partial transpositiontransposition
*Full transposition/ /No transposition
1919
Market fuels used in vehicles with spark ignition Market fuels used in vehicles with spark ignition engines (petrol)*(1)engines (petrol)*(1) (only data for sulphur content and lead (only data for sulphur content and lead
content are separated)content are separated)
ParameterParameter unitunit
Analytical and Analytical and statistical resultsstatistical results
Limiting valueLimiting value
NumbNumber of er of
samplsampleses
Taken Taken wherewhere
Min.Min. MaxMax MeanMean StandStandard ard
deviadeviationtion
MinMinimuimumm
MaximMaximumum
MiniMinimumumm
MaximMaximumum
SulphurSulphur
contentcontent
mgmg/kg/kg
N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/N/AA
150150 N/AN/A 150150
Lead Lead contentcontent
g/lg/l N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/N/AA
0,0050,005 0,0050,005
(1) The data are from 01.01.2005 - 30.06.2005.Are there any other additives in the fuel? If so, what are they and what quantity? Around 97 % of oil in B-H is imported from Croatia (64%), Hungary (18%) and from Serbia and Montenegro (11%).
*According to the common format for submission of summary of national fuel quality data (Directive 98/70/EC)
2020
Market fuels used in vehicles with compression Market fuels used in vehicles with compression
ignition engines (diesel)*ignition engines (diesel)*
ParameterParameter unitunit
Analytical and Analytical and statistical resultsstatistical results
Limiting valueLimiting value
NumNumber ber of of
sampsamplesles
Taken Taken wherewhere
Min.Min. MaxMax MeanMean StandStandard ard
deviadeviationtion
MinMinimuimumm
MaximMaximumum
MiniMinimumumm
MaximMaximumum
SulphurSulphur
contentcontent
mg/mg/kgkg
N/AN/A N/AN/A 150150 320320 N/AN/A N/AN/A N/N/AA
350350 N/AN/A 350350
2121
Vehicle fleet structureVehicle fleet structure Year Year
20032003 Total Total
number number of of
vehiclesvehicles
Passenger Passenger CarsCars
LDVLDV HDVHDV BusesBuses
PetrolPetrol DieselDiesel PetrolPetrol DieselDiesel PetrolPetrol DieselDiesel PetrolPetrol DieselDiesel
731.800731.800 305.838305.838
333453333453 8.2828.282 24.84624.846 00 22.08522.085 00 50105010
%% 100100 41.841.8 41.841.8 1.131.13 3.393.39 3.03.0 0.680.68
*If data for 2003 is not available, older data was inserted
2222
Vehicle agingVehicle aging
Year: Year: 2003*2003*
0-5 0-5 yearsyears
6-10 6-10 yearsyears
11-15 11-15 yearsyears
16-20 16-20 yearsyears
>20 >20 yearsyears
Passenger Passenger
cars (%)cars (%) 18.918.9 17.617.6 20.720.7 31.331.3 11.411.4
LDV (%)LDV (%) 21.421.4 18.618.6 24.824.8 25.825.8 9.49.4
HDV (%)HDV (%) 21.421.4 18,518,5 24.724.7 27.227.2 8.08.0
Buses Buses (%)(%)
23.323.3 19.919.9 20.620.6 23.923.9 12.212.2
Total (%)Total (%) 21.321.3 19.819.8 22.722.7 27.027.0 10.310.3
2323
ConclusionConclusion Although there are numerous old and new Although there are numerous old and new
legislatives at cantonal and Entity level, the legislatives at cantonal and Entity level, the greatest problem in B-H is represented by the greatest problem in B-H is represented by the lack of implementation of the approved lack of implementation of the approved regulations, there is by the inexistence of regulations, there is by the inexistence of instruments, persons and desire to implement the instruments, persons and desire to implement the approved legislation. approved legislation.
In several areas, the regulation is old, while some In several areas, the regulation is old, while some of them are even 10 years old. Moreover, a great of them are even 10 years old. Moreover, a great problem is represented by the unavailability of problem is represented by the unavailability of data, there is the irresponsibility of determined data, there is the irresponsibility of determined institutions and persons to implement determined institutions and persons to implement determined legislatives. The data, presented in the upper legislatives. The data, presented in the upper tables, were collected by the responsible person tables, were collected by the responsible person with great difficulty. with great difficulty.
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LiteratureLiterature ““Management of air quality in BiH; CBA on Management of air quality in BiH; CBA on
transportation project in BanjaLuka; transportation project in BanjaLuka; preliminary study”preliminary study”
Dr. Victor Platon (PM); [email protected]. dr. Lazo Roljic; [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Petar Gvero; [email protected]