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Energy, environment and society introduction
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Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Energy and
Environment
FONT:www.astromia.com
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Why we need energy ?
First af all …
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
1.- Any system search the energetic equilibrium.
2.- Any isolated system keep or decrease its available energy
If we need to break or separate a system of its state of equilibrium whit the environment, we need available energy.
From the second Law of thermodynamics …
Then …
T= 20ºC
T= 3ºC V = 5 m/s
V = 0ºC
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
How works the biosphere
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The sun has been the energetic base of life on the earth for millions of years…
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
…until the last 250 years, when a new metabolism begins
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
How it begins ?
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
- England (1760-1850) - Energy source: carbon - The Locomotive as icon
- EEUU 1850-1920 - Energy power based in oil. - The car as icon.
The greats stocks of accumulated energy found a partner, the industrial revolution, together will change the world known:
First industrial revolution Second industrial revolution
Henri Ford Ford-T (1914) Coronel Edwin L. Drake. Pennsylvania, 1859
Coal mine
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
What was the first consequence ?
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The feedback between big amounts of available energy and industrial revolutions let growth all that is related with the human world:
- human population - activities -information
- occupied surface - resources -residual waste
Before industrial revolutions After industrial revolutions
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
A growing world that lives of …
a finite amount of energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
A world that has grown in a hierarquical and centralized energetic structure
Producer Consumer
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Though other possibilities are possible …
Producer Consumer
distributed system
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
A environment changing
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
No human Biological natural activities
Non biological Natural activities
- Resources exploitation - Territory occupation - Generation of residuals - Generation and energy consumption - …
Some causes of the environment change
Tectonic movement, volcanoes, rain, radiation, wind heat, freeze
Human activities
Activity of life in biosphere
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The energy path
Primary energy: The sources
Final energy
Transforming technologies
Oil Natural gas Coil Uranium Wind Sun Water (Tidal energy) Water (Gravitational energy) Geothermal …
Conventional power station Cogeneration Combined cycles Wind turbine Nuclear power station Engines MCI Solar (PV) Solar (Thermal) …
Electricity Gasoline Diesel oil Natural Gas Pellets Heated water …
Emissions
Accidents
Residuals
Emissions
Accidents
Residuals
Emissions
Accidents
Residuals
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
FONT:www.astromia.com
Energy and metabolisms
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Sun is the main source of energy Local consumption of energy = Local biosphere potentials
No centralized system
The Cycle of matter is closed
Sun
Residual matter
Biological entities
metabolism of the biosphere
Residual = Resource
heat
Energy Materials
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Territorial dependencies of external energy
No cycle in materials
Accumulation of residual matter
Intoxication of natural systems
Limited resources
Limited resources
Current metabolism in the thecnosphere
Energy Materials
Emission of toxic gases
High centralized system
Fossil resources
Residual matter material resources
products Emissions and heat
Fossil resources as main energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
FONT:www.astromia.com
Renewable and no renewable energies
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Renewable energy is contained in free fluxes.
Main features:
- Balance of matter = 0 (no residual material is accumulated)
- No always power is available.
- Infinite sources.No use up.
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Origin of renewable energy
Sun Solar energy
Hidraulic energy
Eolic energy
biomass energy
earth-moon
earth
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
No renewable energy is accumulated into the earth
Main features:
- Balance of matter > 0 (Residual material is accumulated)
- Power is always available (while sources exists !).
- Finite sources.
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Origin of no renewable energy
Big stocks of animal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become oil and natural gas …
Big stocks of vegetal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become coil
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Consequences of the actual metabolism energetic.
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Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
FONT: Auma
• Exhaustion of energy resources and materials.
• Reduction of biodiversity and wild surfaces
Some consequences of the actual energetic model :
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (greenhouse effect)
• Pressure against support natural systems (atmosphere, fluvial systems, etc)
• Exponential grown of human population
• Waste no cycled.
• Armed conflicts for control of energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
• Exponential grown of human population (positive feedback)
Large quantities of cheap energy are
available
A big human population leads to a growing demand
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)
Source: oni.escuelas.edu.ar
H2O, CO2 , CH4 , NOx , CFC
Short wave
Short wave
Long wave
Higher Temperature of equilibrium in the surface
-18 ºC to 14ºC
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)
Source: wikipedia
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
• Conflicts for control of the energy
The Gulf War
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
A little example of metabolism that lives of free energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
It is efficiency the solution ?
FONT:www.astromia.com
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
1960 2010
Litre/Km
technological limitations
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Elements
Time
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
x
=
Effciency
The absolut demand of energy is growing !
Elements
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
There are other possibilities ?
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
- Whit production based in distributed systems
- In a system based in renewable sources of free energies
- Increasing save and efficiency ratios
Could be …
- Containing exponential human growth effects
