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canyon
canyon: a deep ravine between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river over a long period of time
delta
delta: a large, flat area of land at the mouth of a river
landform
landform: a natural structure on Earth’s surface
dune
dune: a hill of sand that is deposited by the wind
weathering
weathering: the various processes that cause exposed rock to break down
physical weathering
physical weathering: the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with heat, water, or ice
erosion
erosion: the movement of weathered materials by
water, wind, or ice
deposition
deposition: the process in which materials eroded by water, wind, or ice are dropped in a new place
mass movement: the downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity
mass movement
sedimentary rock: a rock that formed when sediments were pressed and cemented together
sedimentary rock
cementing: sediments glued together by minerals dissolved in water
cementing
fossil: a remnant or trace of an organism from long ago, such as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and preserved on the Earth’s crust
fossil
fossil fuel: a fuel that formed from the decayed remains of ancient plants and animals
fossil fuel
alternative energy: any energy from a source that does not use up the Earth’s natural resources or endanger our environment
alternative energy
solar energy: energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy
solar energy
wind energy: air in motion
wind energy
hydroelectric energy: electricity that is generated by water power
hydroelectric energy
geothermal energy: energy from within the Earth
geothermal energy
biofuels: fuels that can be produced using organic materials made from plants and animals
biofuels
force: a push or pull
force
gravity: the force that pulls objects toward each other
gravity
friction: a force between two surfaces rubbing against each other; friction works against motion
friction
magnetism: a force that pulls magnetic materials across a distance
magnetism