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Canola Seed Protein Processing and Fractionation Janitha P.D. Wanasundara Research Scientist, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre

Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

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Page 1: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

Canola Seed Protein Processing and Fractionation

Janitha P.D. WanasundaraResearch Scientist, Saskatoon Research and Development 

Centre

Page 2: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

2

Canola Value Chain

Animal Protein

In 2017:21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola proteinbased on 21% seed protein (10.7 mil tonnes crushing capacity)

Wheat; 30 mil tonnes → 3.75 mil tonnes wheat protein (12.5% protein)

12/7/2018

Page 3: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

• Storage proteins• Oil body proteins• Minor proteins

3

Oil bodies

Proteinbodies

CruciferinProteins of Canola

Napin

Crucifer Oil Protein Fibre & others 

Brassica napus 43% 21% 33‐37%

Brassica juncea 37% 28% 30‐35%

Sinapis alba 30% 32% 33‐38%

Brassica carinata 38% 26% 34‐36%

Camelina sativa 40% 28% 30‐32%

12/7/2018

Page 4: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

44

*Starting material – deoiled seed (not commercial canola meal)

• Similar to Soy•Diosady et al. 1998, 2005 

•Newkirk et al. 2003, 2009

•PMM•Murray, 1980; 1999; Schweizer & Greene, 2005

•High purity CRU & NAP•Berot et al., 2005

•Many products•CRU & NAP, enriched•AAFC 2005, 2013

Processes Available for Canola Protein Recovery

Wanasundara et al., 201612/7/2018

Page 5: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

5

Seed Pre‐conditioning& Flaking 

Pre‐press solvent Extracted,desolventized & toasted meal

Cooking  Pressing Extractionhot hexane 

Desolventizing& Toasting 

Pre Press–solvent extracted meal

Available Canola Meal for Protein Recovery

Stage of processing1 2 3 4 5

Sol

uble

N c

onte

nt, %

of t

otal

N

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pro

tein

Dis

pers

ibilit

y In

dex

(PD

I)

Tem

pera

ture

of o

pera

tion,

oC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PDI pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 oC

Wanasundara, unpublished data

1 2 3 4 5

12/7/2018

Page 6: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

https://www.feedipedia.org/node/753Animal feed resource information system

Canola VS Soybean

612/7/2018

Page 7: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

7

pH

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Nitro

gen

solubi

lity,

% o

f tot

al n

itrog

en

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

napin

pH 4.0

cruciferin

napin

pH 9.0pH 1.0

Seed coat removed and hexane defatted canolaNon-reducing SDS-PAGE

Nature of Canola Proteins

Wanasundara & McIntosh, 2007

Perera et al., 2016

Cruciferin

Napin

12/7/2018

Page 8: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

8

Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – For Bioproducts

Run

Input dry matter, kg Dry matter 

recovery, %#Protein

Recovery, %#Dry matter recovery, %*

ProteinRecovery, %*

1 210.8 84.0 89.7 85.2 70.7

2 213.0 83.4 84.5 67.5 68.4

3 210.2 73.6 87.3 87.7 69.9# includes products 1, 2 & 3 only * includes products 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6 only 

Wanasundara & McIntosh, (2013 US patent & unpublished data)12/7/2018

Page 9: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

9

Ileal digestibilitytesting

Amino acid composition, g/ 100 g protein & Digestible Indispensable Amino acid Score (DIAAS)

• Weaning piglets (n=6) • Isocaloric diet• Test protein‐ sole protein source

Wanasundara (unpublished data) 

Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Nutritional Quality

Napin:  DIASS value 73 (Leucine)Cruciferin: DIASS 80 (S‐AA)Soy protein concentrate : DIASS value 78 (A‐AA)

Cannot be a sole protein source for adults – Blending & Complementary

Amino acid NapinIsolate

Cruciferinconcentrate

Soy protein concentrate

Cysteine +methionineIsoleucineLeucineLysinePhenylalanine+TyrosineThreonineTryptophanValine

5.9+2.1 (146)

2.8 (74)5.5 (73)7.5 (116)2.6+1.7 (88)

3.3 (92)1.1 (146)3.9 (74)

2.1+2.2 (80)

4.5 (121)7.7 (104)6.1 (97)4.6+3.9 (85)

4.5 (133)1.5 (182)5.9 (114)

1.9+1.4 (80)

4.2 (112)6.9 (91)6.1 (95)4.6+3.4 (78)

3.4 (79)1.2 (138)4.6 (81)

Scoring pattern

2.3

3.06.14.84.1

2.50.74.0

3‐10yr, adolescent, adultmg/g protein requirementWHO/FAO.UNU 2007

12/7/2018

Page 10: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

10

Protein %, w/v

Napin isolate  Cruciferin concentrate  Soy protein concentrate Whey protein isolate

pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10

0.5 88 85 90 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 99 97

1.0 85 81 87 0.0 5 36 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 98 98

2.0 84 84 87 9 14 29 0.0 0.0 7 91 99 100

Solubility (% soluble proteins)

Protein %, w/v

Napin isolate  Cruciferin concentrate Soy protein concentrate Whey protein isolate

pH  4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10

Foam capacity, %0.5 102 204 246 30 38 91 23 23 42 109 109 182

1.0 204 211 397 28 52 82 45 23 72 197 200 231

2.0 227 439 424 53 60 68 45 56 72 231 223 314

Foam stability, % of original foam0.5 70 67 60 0.0 0.0 87 0.0 0.0 0.0 97 90 54

1.0 57 59 72 0.0 0.0 95 0.0 0.0 58 60 57 56

2.0 57 78 80 57 62 100 0.0 54 63 59 57 61

Foaming properties

Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Bioproducts

Mitra et al. (2013) 

12/7/2018

Page 11: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

11

Nutritional value•Essential amino acids

InherentProcessing effects

•DigestibilityStructureOther components

•Allergenicity/Toxicity

Functional value•Physico-chemical

SolubilityInterfacial activityTemp stabilityRheologicalColor

• Flavor & Taste

Food√

Feed√

?

Food

√ √ √ √ √ √

Feed

√?----

√?

Protein utilization –Factors in consideration

12/7/2018

Page 12: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

12

The Journal of Nutrition 137 (2007) 594‐600Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient‐Nutrient Interactions

The Poor Digestibility of Rapeseed Protein Is Balanced by Its  Very High Metabolic Utilization in Humans1

Ce´cile Bos,2* Gheorghe  Airinei,2,3 Franxcois Mariotti,2 Robert  Benamouzig,3 Serge Be´ rot,4Jacques Evrard,5 Evelyne Fe´ nart,6 Daniel Tome´ ,2  and Claire Gaudichon2

2UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, INRA‐INAPG, 75005 Paris, France; 3Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hoˆ pitaux de Paris, Clinical Investigation  Centre  of CRNH  Ile‐de‐France  (Human  Nutrition Research Centre),  93000  Bobigny, France; 4INRA Unite´ Prote´ ines Ve´ ge´ tales et leurs Interactions, 44000  Nantes,  France; 5Technical Centre  for Oilseed Crops,  33600  Pessac, France; and 6National Agency for Oilseeds Development, 75008  Paris, France

Clinical Nutrition 32  (2013) 519‐526Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect

Clinical  Nutrition

Randomized control trials

Nutritional evaluation of rapeseed protein compared to soy  protein for  quality, plasma amino acids,  and nitrogen balance ‐ A randomized cross‐over intervention study in humans

Manja Fleddermanna, Anita Fechnera, Andrea Rößlera, Melanie Bähra, Anja Pastorb, Frank Liebertb, Gerhard Jahreisa,*

aDepartment of Nutritional  Physiology, Institute  of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Str.  24,  D‐07743 Jena,  GermanybDepartment of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Nutrition  Physiology, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,  Volume 55, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 394–402A 13‐week dietary toxicity study in rats of a Napin‐Rich Canola Protein IsolateLuis A. Mejia a,*, Chandrashekhar K. Korgaonkar b, Martin Schweizer c, Christopher Chengelis b,Meliton Novilla b, Ellen Ziemer b, Patricia S. Williamson‐Hughes a, Richard Grabiel a, Mark Empie a

a Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM), 1001 North Brush College Road, Decatur, IL 62521‐1656, USAb WIL Research Laboratories, LLC, 1407 George Road, Ashland, OH 44805‐8946, USAc Burcon NutraScience Corporation, 1388 Waller Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 1P9

Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 47, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2645–2654A 13‐week sub‐chronic dietary toxicity study of a cruciferin‐rich canola protein isolate in ratsLuis A. Mejiaa, ,Chandrashekhar K. Korgaonkarb, Martin Schweizerc, Christopher Chengelisb, Gary Maritb, Ellen Ziemerb, Richard Grabiela, Mark Empiea

Nutritional & Toxicological studies – Canola protein products

12/7/2018

Page 13: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

13

Texture

Nutritional value

SafetyTaste

Colour

Opportunities  – Canola Protein‐based  ingredients

12/7/2018

Consumer demand →  Environmental, ethical , health‐related and societal issues→ Market pull for plant proteins

Page 14: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

15

Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Bioproducts

Residual Turbidity 1% (w/v) Kaolin and Napin

Wanasundara (unpublished data) 

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.09

0

1000 500

2000

1000 500

2000

1000 500

2000

1000

Average Mass (g)

Protein Concentration (µg/mL)

Leptosphaeria maculans

Napin

Antifungal activity:napin and napin‐derived molecules

Fusarium oxysporumMT99

Lauric acid conjugates

B. napus

12/7/2018

Page 15: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

16

Developments in Science &Technology of Proteins

mm‐cm

1‐500 µm

20‐500 nm

< 10 nm

Structure –Function: Brassica SSP

> mm‐cm

12/7/2018

Page 16: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

Edible usesOil : Many products 

Meal protein: Human food? 

Industrial  usesOil :Biodiesel, Biolubricants, Glycerol

Meal protein: Animal feed17

Soy Bean

Canola

12/7/2018

Page 17: Canola Seed and Fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 Canola Value Chain Animal Protein In 2017: 21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola protein based on 21% seed protein (10.7

• AAFC, A‐Base & GRDI• SaskCanola• ADF

Dr. Dwayne Hegedus Dr. Edmund Mupondwa

Tara  McIntosh

Several  Graduate & Undergraduate students

Several publically available Google images

Thank You 

12/7/2018