Upload
debra-lloyd
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
a
R
Cancer
a
R
Lung
Breast (women)
Colon
BladderProstate (men) Fat
Bone
Muscle
Lymph nodes
Bloodstream
What are some different kinds of cancer?
a
R
How are Normal and Cancer Cell Division Different?
Cancer cell division
Normal cell division
a
R
How are normal and cancer growth different?
a
R
What is the difference between a
benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
Malignant
Time
Benign
a
R
Why are malignant tumors dangerous?
a
R
What is cancer screening?
a
R
Why is cancer screening important?
a
R
What are some types of cancer screening?
a
R
How is cancer diagnosed?
a
R
What is a biopsy?
How is the biopsy analyzed?
a
R
What does a pathologist look for examining biopsy tissue?
a
R
What does a pathologist look for when he examines biopsy tissue with a microscope?
Milddysplasia
Carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia)
Cancer(invasive)
Normal
Hyperplasia
a
R
What is the relationship between
tumor grade and patient prognosis?
PatientSurvival
Rate
Years
High gradeIII or IV
Low gradeI or II
a
R
What does Stage III cancer mean?Five-Year Survival Rates forPatients with Melanoma (by stage)
Stage at Time of Initial Diagnosis
100%
50%
I II III
Stage III Cancer
a
R
What Causes Cancer?
a
R
How could you explain the differences in the cancer incidence in different countries?
a
R
Is the incidence of these cancers due to genes, behavior, or environmental risk?100
50
50
Stomach Cancer
U.S.Japan Japanese familiesin U.S.
100
70
7
0
Colon Cancer
U.S.Japan Japanese familiesin U.S.
a
R
What increases peoples’ risk of cancer?
Sunshine X-ray
a
R
How do you know if you have genes that make getting cancer more likely?
Genetic Testing
a
R
What happens to genes to cause cancer?
a
R
How do mutations in oncogenes lead to cancer?
Receptor
DNA
Cell proliferation
Cell nucleus
Transcriptionfactors
Signaling enzymes
Growth factor
a
R
How do mutations in tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer?
Tumor Suppressor Gene Proteins
DNA
Signalingenzymes Transcription
factors
Cell proliferation
a
R
How do mutations in the p53 gene lead to cancer?
a
R
How do mutations in DNA Repair Genes cause cancer?
a
R
What other kinds of mutations can lead to cancer?
Genes Implicated in Cancer
a
R
Why does cancer risk increase with age?
Risk
Age
Colon
Breast
a
R
What can people do to prevent cancer?
a
R
Does industrial pollution cause cancer?
a
R
Is There a Cancer "Epidemic"?
a
R
How would you answer each of these questions?