Cananga Ylang Ylang

7/30/2019 Cananga Ylang Ylang

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photo:

h.Manner

Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestrywww.traditionaltree.org

A 2006. 2.1

In BrIef

Distribution mm ugu Py-

s, cs, d s; s sugu s Id-y g,d w dsbud cy.

Size ycy cs 1020 m (3366 ),w g dg bcs wgs.

Habitat Lwd, umd cs, 0800 m(02600 ) w 7005000 mm(30200 ).

Vegetation Asscd w my cudc s.

Soils Ps g d mdum xu ss;s sw d my wggdss.

Growthrate Fs gwg; c xcd 5 m/y(16 /y).

Main agroorestryuses Hmgds.

Mainproducts Fws dm ds, mb.

Yields A cud u ducc yd 20100 kg (44220 b) ws y.

Intercropping s sd d gwsw g w cs.

Invasive potential Sg; s uzd s w ducd Pcc sds,ug s y csdd s.
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Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)

InTrODUCTIOn

O Sus As g, Cananga odorata, cmmykw s yg-yg, s mdum-sz s bducd my sds Pcc s gws. Ts scs s ud gwg susy scdy ss d gss, w gssy. I s s cmm gd m. I d-

gsc d m Isds, yg-yg s ud s suc yg-yg , wc gus my um dusy d my.

DISTrIBUTIOn

Native range

Yg-yg s Id-ys d s bwdy ducd by Pyss, css, d yEu xs my sds Pcc, w sm cs s bcm uzd (.g., Sm).

Current distribution

T s dg ucy ccg quy yg-yg Pys. Ws (1991) d scs ws bby s Sm -Eums, bu bcus k xds dd s S-m, d scs ws ccd ws Py-s u 1839, s sus s c. Tm . (1994)csd scs b bg duc Pys. Tm (1993) s suggsd scs sssby Sm Isds d Is-

ds. Hw, Fsbg . (1979) sd scss Eu duc us cs c-s. , scs s sd Y S, bu s ud g sds cs (Fsbg . 1979, . 1996). Accdg .(1992), s scs s c duc P, c-cug w y Eu cc, d s s bd b c (Eu) duc Nuu d sds. I ws ducd Gum m Ps (S 1970). T scs s s cssd s c duc Nw d (cK 1985). Is s b ducd c Amc (.g., s

Rc).I Pcc, yg-yg s w ud Isds (S, R, Gum), Nuu, Isds(Pu, K, Fu, uuk, P, Puuw A),Fj, g, Sm, Nw d (), Hw (),k Isds, quss Isds, d my smsds.

BOTAnICAL DeSCrIPTIOn

Preerred scientifc name

Cananga odorata(Lm.) Hk. F. & Tms.

Family

Ac (cusd- my)

Non-preerred scientifc names

Canangium fruticosum bCanangium odoratum (Lm.) B. x KgCanangium scortechiniiKgUvaria odorataLm.

Common names

Oceania

canangodorant(Fc)chirng, irang(Pu)derangerang, derangirang(Nuu)ilahnglahng, ilanlang(Ks)ilang-ilang, alang-ilang(Gum, NI)ilangilang, lengileng, alangilang,pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,

seiren wai(P)ilanilan (s Isds)lanalana(Hw)makosoi, mokohoi, makasui, mokosoi(Fj)mohokoi(g)mosooi(Sm)motoi(Fc Pys)motooi, mataoi, matooi(k Isds, Nu, )motoi(qussNuku, Nu)mutui(qussFu)pwalang(Puuw A)pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(uuk)sao (Sm Isds: Kw)

yg yg, um , cg, cdm (Egs)

Other regions

apurvachampaka, chettusampangi, karumugai(Id)ilang-ilang, alang-ilang(Ps)g-g, kg wd, um , cg ,

yg-yg (d ms)kadatngan, kadatnyan (ym)kernanga(Ids)kenanga, chenanga, ylang-ylang(ys)

Form

Yg-yg s mdum sz 1040 m (33130 ) g, ug y 30 m (100 ), d ycy1020 m (3366 ). I cu, s usuy k


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Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org)

s by ug bu 3 m (10 ). Bcs du-us sgy c w dg, y wgs. T susuy qu sggy, w g, y wgs dgg

36 m (1020 ). T s sg m uk s usu-y b sm dg. T bk s sm d gys

w sy.

FlowersI ws ugu y xy, umb g-g cuss 412 ws. T w s ss dsx s u 8 cm (2.4 ) g. T s wsd

w yug, m d dg w mu. Fw-s y g, gs yw s, u-g d yw/yw bw w mu. .(1993) sd Ks s ws smm s u u s, .g., bdu, dus,mg, d csu (Inocarpus fagifer). I d-gsc, s w y-ud, bu my dug y ss m Nmb c.

Leaves

Ls dk g, u 20 cm (8 ) g, -, sm, , c-bg, sgy ubsc, d

w m mdb d d . As w ms mm-bs s my, s gd my g .

Fruit

Gs bck c, 1.52.5 cm (0.61.0 ) g,cg 612 skd us, sy, -k, d

b xy cuss. T 612, sm, bw,d d sds c u.

Similar species

As cusd- my d w cmmm yg-yg, Artabotrys hexapetalus s cmbg

wdy sub m Id. T ws g, w -gc sm s Cananga odorata. Hw, ws Artabotrys swy d muc sm, -g sx 2.5 cm (1 ) g s d ws. As,

Artabotryss , ws Canangas .

GeneTICS

Variability o species

w gus dsgusd cu. T s gug (m macrophyllaSs) s bcs -dcu sm ( dg) d g s20 x 10 cm (8 x 4 ). T ws s gu

suc ds dd s cg ; s cud J, Fj, d Sm. T scd gu s Yg-yg(m genuina Ss) d s dg bcs d

Arrangement o leaves. photo: h. Manner

Flowers at various stages o maturity. photo: C. elevitCh

Immature ruits. photo: C. elevitCh


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sm s s gu. Ts m s suc ds dd s yg-yg d s cudugu cs (Oy d Dug 1999).

Known varieties

C. odorata . fruticosa (b) J. Sc. s dwd, cu-d m cs 2 m (6.6 ) g (Bck

d Bk J. 1963). I s m umus d ycuy w s usu. Ts y s sd s u.

ASSOCIATeD PLAnT SPeCIeS

Associated native species

I Ids, s scs s cm mxd dk ss. I s s cud s g ws s d bckyd gds s m.

Species commonly associated in modern times oras recent introduction

I s cmmy d d sus scd-y ss d gss cs d Pys. IP, s scs ws cud s ss s cd c P Agcuu d

d Sc md-1980s. O Gum, yg-ygc b ud gwg scdy ss cg - ducd scs (.., Leucaena leucocephala, Spathodeacampanulata,Arecacatechu, c.), dwys.

enVIrOnMenTAL PreferenCeS

AnD TOLerAnCeS

Yg-yg s umd wd cs, ug c b cud uds qu.

Climate

T gws w qu subc m-m cms Id d Pcc cs. I s cm- c ms sm-dy s.

Elevation range

1800 m (02600 ); u 1200 m (3900 ) qu-

Mean annual rainall

7005000 mm (30200 )

Rainall pattern

Gws cms w summ, w, bmd, d u-

m s.

Dry season duration (consecutive months with


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Waterlogging

Yg-yg s ds wggg, bu m- msy cds sub.

Wind

T mbs b d ds d sgwd w. Hw, gws gusy

y wd dmg.

Abilities

Regenerate rapidly

Yg-yg s scs d c cz -s dy.

Coppice

T s md by y ug subg ckg ws (usuy 3 m [10 ]) d dygws cug. Sc g w cc

bg cu dw, s d w-s ( . 1992). Ts scs w s cc s mb/uk bkg du g wds.

GrOWTH AnD DeVeLOPMenT

Yg-yg s cssd s s gw, m 2 m(6.6 ) y s y ys. I s sus scs scdy s ws.

Flowering and ruiting

A s , cud sdgs c bg wg 1.52 ys g 2 m (6.6 ). Wd s d bgwg u y c 912 m (3040 ) g. Amuy, c w d u cuusy. W

yug w s ss, d wg d ug sms b csy sscd w y ms.

Yields

d s c. gu Yg-yg y duc m 20 kg (44 b) ws y. T ws ydbu 12% dsd . I dgsc, my

Nsy B, 500 (1235 c) ducd 800,000 kg (1,760,000b) ws wc ydd 20,000 kg (44,000 b) s-s y. I m Isds, 1 (2.5 c)ducd 9001500 kg (19803300 b) ws qu 1830 kg (4066 b) ds (wzN 2000).

Rooting habit

T s g , d s d ss.

Reaction to competition

W yg-yg s gw cm suw scs, gws qucky d sds s wbcs.

PrOPAGATIOn

Yg-yg s cmmy gd by sd. I c sb gd by cugs, w yg dgs succss.Dc-sdg d s s cmmy ccd,

wc ds dmg yg-ygs g . A- md s cc sm sdgs (1020 cm, 48) m ud s wd, d gw m u bgs 23 ms ug.

Propagation rom seed

Seed collection

As wg ccus y-ud, us c usu-y b ud y m. Fus u m dk g

Grown among other trees, ylang-ylang grows tall, losesits lower branches, and casts a dappled shade. photo: C.elevitCh


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6 Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)

bck w .

Seed processing

Isd c u 212 sds mbddd y s.Rm sds m s s ud ugw. T cd sds sud b -dd sd.

Seed storage

T sd s dx, mg ms b w dd.Aug d s b, sdd md sg dd sds w dscc g c sky wk w.

Germination

T gm s sds s sd b c. Sds 612 ms d g gm .H w m s b usd succssuy smu- gm (Oy d Dug 1999).

Media

A sdd g, w dd g mdum s cm-mdd.

Guidelines or outplanting

W s cd sz dg, 2030 cm (812 ) g, y c b du d; w, c sud b k dm-g g .

Direct-seeding

Sds cmmy dc-sdd. A s d

c g s, cd wds, d cud d 50 cm (20 ) s s cmcd. Sds d d 23 cm (0.81.2 ). Swg ssds c s w w scg ms gussdgs d w d wk sdg.

DISADVAnTAGeS

Potential or invasiveness

Yg-yg s bcm uzd my P-cc sds w s b ducd (.g., Sm,

P). T sds by bds, bs, mkys, dsqus, d dy dssd. W scs -gs susy cud s d gss, s y ug b s d s csdd s scs by Pcc Ecsysms Rsk (PIER 2003,PIER 2004).

Pests and diseases

L s kw bu ss d dsss yg-ygd cuy d m Pcc sds.Rd bms cud sm bs, w-gbs, d scs cus s w (Oy dDug 1999).

Other disadvantagesF cmmc duc, qus qu d b ckg, d yds dsd w. Imgds, b cc ws dcs y ssu. Hw, ds qu dcug d ssu sy ccss ws.

AGrOfOreSTrY/enVIrOnMenTAL

PrACTICeS

Mulch/organic matter

I s m suc muc (Tm . 2000).

Homegardens

Yg-yg s cuy g mgds. T s cmm m mgds ugu my sds Pcc.

Improved allows

T s scs d s us md ws.

Native animal/bird ood

T u s d d gs Gum, gd Sm (S 1970, Tm d Ws 1996). Tu s s by bs, mkys, d squs.

Host plant trellising

I s usd s udsy s ym (Dioscoreas.) P gss, w s smms g-bkd. Rg-bkg cuss u d d s s s s ucs s s

wu bckg sug.

Ornamental

T s m, d s y s gcmks dscg. Rgu ugmy b cssy k m gwg ub sg. T scs s usd s s ys.


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USeS AnD PrODUCTS

I Pcc, s scs s mu uss. T wd s usd c s, sm cs (Rus dR 1991), uu, uwd, d cdg. m-y, g ws usd sc ccu d mkg d mwmws(ddsss).

Medicinal

T bk s usd g d Sm smcms d smms s x. I J, ddws usd gs m, d s ws udd s sm. A ds ws s sd mdc u by bss d

mss. Amss cm s usu dss, dsssd bg, g bd ssu,xy, s dsc, c.

Flavoring/spice

T dsd s smms usd bgsd ds.

Timber

T mb s ks, yws g gy, -dub,d ub m ck. T wd s cs x-ud d sg gd. I g d Sm s usd g csuc d c mkg. T mb susd uu k Isds (Tm . 2000).

T wd s s usd ugs, bxs d cs,

cgs/wd ss, d s s (ud 1984).

Fuelwood

T wd s ccsy usd uwd.

Crat wood/tools

I s m wd ds (Tm . 2000).

Canoe/boat/rat making

T wd s myd c mkg Sm dg (Tm d Ws 1996).

Rope/cordage/stringT bk s y m us cdg (Tm .2000). I Suws, bk s b mk cs .

Body ornamentation/garlands

T s y m suc ws csd Pys. T y y scd ws usd gds, ddsss d s dm.

Cosmetic/soap/perume

T my cmmc duc s dsd um dusy, muc wc s sd Fc.

Yg-yg s sd b bss #5 dums by Gu. Yg-yg s usd s sc ccu Pcc sds. T sc m s sd s scd g. Wusd md, s -xc d --. Hw, s g d s b mdm sm csmcs. Dug md-1900s, yg-yg ws usd u md mucud Hw. g mxd w ccu s cd -css d usd dssg Sus As.

Ceremonial/religious importance

T s m cm mc (Tm .2000). W my b c duc g, yg-yg (mk) s cgzd s cuuy m scd (ku kk), g

w scd cuuy m dgus s(Tm . 1993).

Ylang-ylang growing in a mixed Samoan homegardenamong bananas, coconuts, and other ruit trees. photo: C.elevitCh


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COMMerCIAL

CULTIVATIOn

T mj cmmc duc s yg-yg, wc s b ducd Pssc y 1900s. T m Isds ddgsc mj ducs s . I Pcc sds, s my gw ws b usd gds d -s dm. Ls m yg-yg cmmy sd Sm mkcd by cd usd dcs d gcubs.

Spacing

yc scg cmmc yg-yg s 6 x 6 m (20 x 20 ). s scgmy su cwdg d ducd -ducy w mbs du sdg.

Management objectives and design con-siderations

w s sg ws, s d 3 m (10 ) 23 ys gw. Ts ws y g c bcs d uy ddw gs gud. A s g, w-s gc. s gc ds 1520 dys g, w w s ud m g

yw. Fws bs ccd y mgus b muc gc dsss.

Estimated yieldd s c. gu Yg-yg y duc m 20 kg (44 b) ws y. Yds m c. gug (gw J, Fj, d Sm) c c 30100kg (66220 b) y.

On-arm processing methods

T ws sud b dsd mmdy s-g. I s dy, ws c b d u udc d m, ug dy ducs quy xcd. W sm ds s

usd. Sm d ss yd bu 1% , w gmd ss c yd 2%.

Markets

T mk dsd s Fc um -dusy d bss d mss dd

wd.

InTerPLAnTInG/fArM

APPLICATIOnS

Dug sbsm yg-yg s, yug s d w s-m dcs. As, s cy s udsy scs d gss, ug ducd ducy

ws c b xcd w csd sd.

Example system (Ry )

Location

P, Fdd Ss cs.

Description

I md-1980s, P cu Pducs cmy(PP), wc ws m P Agcu-u d d Sc, d 1 (2.5 c) yg-yg ss us s um ccu s

ducs. T cmy d b mg yg-yg g c m Fc d d subsucy-ducd . A 1 (2.5 c) ws d dmgd by cbg ms, d dsy wsudd by Gm gu. A 3 ys, jc wsmd s ss:

T yd ws y m ws sm, mkg dsy dfcu d fc.

.

Ylang-ylang plantation at the Ponape Agriculture and Trade School,Pohnpei, where the tree was being grown or its essential oil. FSM, August1989. photo: h. Manner


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T yd ss ws y sm cg ws by wg (


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10 Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)

Tm, R.R., .R. Ec, d K.. Wks. 2000.uus s gsy Pcc Is-ds. I: Ec, .R., d K.. Wks (ds.).

Agsy Guds Pcc Isds. Pm Ag-cuu Rsucs, Hu, Hw.

Tm, R.R., F.R. Fsbg, H.I. , d D.. Hs-s. 1994. T Nuu. A Rsc Bu 392.Sms Isu, Wsg, D.

Tm, R.R., H.I. , d W.. k. 1993. Isu- gsy Pcc Isds. I: k, W..,d R.R. Tm. Agsy Pcc Isds:Sysms Susby. Ud Ns UsyPss, ky.

Ws, W.A. 1991. Pys ducs. I: x,P.A., d S.A. Bck (ds.). Isds, Ps, d Py-ss. Dscds Pss, Pd, Og.

Ws, W.A. 1992. g Hb dc. Is Bc,Huu.

Ws, W.A. 2000. Ps Sm uu: TEby Sm. Is Bc, Huu.

Wm, .. 1966. Gud Fss BsSm Isds. Fsy Dm, Bs SmIsds Pc Gm.


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Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org) 11

Traditional Tree InitiativeSpecies Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org)

Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)Authors: Hy I. 1 d g R. Ec2

1. Usy Gum, g As d Sccs, UOG S, g, GU 96923 USA; : 671-735-2874; Fx: 671-734-5255;E-m: [email protected]

2. Pm Agcuu Rsucs, PO Bx 428, Hu, HI 96725 USA; : 808-324-4427; Fx: 808-324-4129; E-m: @

gsy.; Wb: .Acknowledgments: T us d ubs k D Es, B Ry, d A Ws u. T xm sysm

cbud by B Ry s gy cd.Recommended citation: , H.I., d .R. Ec. 2006. Cananga odorata (yg-yg), . 2.1. I: Ec, .R. (d.).

Scs Ps Pcc Isd Agsy. Pm Agcuu Rsucs (PAR), Hu, Hw. .

Sponsors: Pubc ws md ssb by gus su Ud Ss Dm Agcuu Ws Rg Sus-b Agcuu Rsc d Educ (USDA-WSARE) Pgm; SP/GZ Pcc-Gm Rg Fsy Pjc;USDA Nu Rsucs s Sc (USDA NRS); S Hw Dm Ld & Nu Rsucs D-s Fsy & Wd; d USDA Fs Sc Fs Lds Ecm Pgm. Ts m s bsd u wksud by S Rsc, Educ, d Exs Sc, U.S. Dm Agcuu, d AgcuuExm S, U S Usy, ud Agm 2002-47001-01327.

Series editor: g R. Ec

Publisher: Pm Agcuu Rsucs (PAR), PO Bx 428, Hu, Hw 96725, USA; : 808-324-4427; Fx: 808-324-4129; E-m: @gsy.;Wb: . Ts su s qu uy d.

Reproduction: s s ubc c b dwdd m . Ts ubc my b -ducd cmmc duc uss y, w cd g suc. 2006 Pm Agcuu Rsucs. Ags sd.
http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/mailto:[email protected]://www.agroforestry.net/http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/mailto:[email protected]://www.agroforestry.net/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.agroforestry.net/mailto:[email protected]://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/http://www.tradi-tionaltree.speciesprofilesforpacificislandagroforestry/http://www.agroforestry.net/mailto:[email protected]://www.traditionaltree.org/

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Cananga Ylang Ylang