Canadian Coast Guard Automated Search Planning B. F. Stone

Canadian Coast GuardCanadian Coast Guard

Automated Automated Search PlanningSearch Planning

B. F. Stone


SAR StatisticsSAR Statistics

8000 cases8000 cases1100 of these would be classified as 1100 of these would be classified as

distress incidentsdistress incidents

3000 lives saved3000 lives saved80 lives lost80 lives lost21,000 persons assisted21,000 persons assisted


Canada’s Search EffortCanada’s Search Effort

• The Canadian Aeronautical and The Canadian Aeronautical and Maritime SAR system averaged a total of Maritime SAR system averaged a total of 4,300 hours4,300 hours** per year of actual searching per year of actual searching

• The time spent searching over the last The time spent searching over the last decade totals a staggering amount of over decade totals a staggering amount of over 47,300 hours - the equivalent of almost 5 47,300 hours - the equivalent of almost 5 years of search effort for a single unityears of search effort for a single unit

*This does not include transit times to and from an *This does not include transit times to and from an incidentincident


EffectivenessEffectiveness

• 92.7 of all lives at risk were saved92.7 of all lives at risk were saved

• Only 9 percent of all search and rescue Only 9 percent of all search and rescue (SAR) cases involved some sort of (SAR) cases involved some sort of searching searching

• 75% of all incidents involving the loss of 75% of all incidents involving the loss of life involved some sort of attempt to life involved some sort of attempt to locate the distressed personslocate the distressed persons


Air, 5%

Humanitarian, 11%

False Alarm, 20%

Marine, 65%

Type of Incidents Involving Type of Incidents Involving SearchingSearching


SuccessSuccess

• Typically if one is searching for Typically if one is searching for something, success is achieved when it is something, success is achieved when it is locatedlocated– If we were to use this measure of success If we were to use this measure of success

alone, Canada achieved this 91% of the timealone, Canada achieved this 91% of the time• In the SAR world, success is only In the SAR world, success is only

achieved when we find the search targets achieved when we find the search targets AND AND they are rescued, alive and wellthey are rescued, alive and well– Using this measure of success Canada only Using this measure of success Canada only

achieved a success rate of 79% when we achieved a success rate of 79% when we were required to searchwere required to search


CostCost

• Using variable costs (fuel and Using variable costs (fuel and proportional O&M) of each unit proportional O&M) of each unit searching we can estimate the searching we can estimate the expenditure that was required in expenditure that was required in 2003 to conduct the searches. 2003 to conduct the searches.


Drift Model

Winds

SLDMB

Currents

Vessel Position Reports

Communications

Interface UnitEffort

Allocation

CANSARP

User Interface

CANSARPCANSARP

Tides


Search TheorySearch Theory

LKPLKP

Sea CurrentSea Current Wind Driven CurrentWind Driven Current

Total Water CurrentTotal Water Current

Datum Datum MinimaxMinimax

Total Drift VectorTotal Drift Vector

Search RadiusSearch Radius

LeewayLeewayDivergenceDivergence



Self-Locating Self-Locating Datum Marker BuoyDatum Marker Buoy

SLDMB

GPSARGOS

LUT

Rescue Centre CANSARP



20011/3oMedium-resolution Atlantic

1/3° : one point processedevery 35 Km

20021/15o

2oGlobal low-resolution

North Atlantic High Resolution

20051/4o

1/15o

High-resolution 1/15° : one point processed every 5 to 7 Km

MERSEA & MERCATORMERSEA & MERCATORTarget system: Global Ocean and High Resolution


Global Environmental MultiscaleGlobal Environmental MultiscaleAtmospheric Model (GEM)Atmospheric Model (GEM)

• Short-range regional Short-range regional forecast modelforecast model– 48 hour forecast twice daily 48 hour forecast twice daily

(00 UTC and 12 UTC) (00 UTC and 12 UTC) – Operational since Sept. 15 Operational since Sept. 15

1998 1998 • Regional Variational Regional Variational

Assimilation System Assimilation System – Operational since Sept. 24 Operational since Sept. 24

19971997• High resolution Model High resolution Model

Applications Project: Applications Project: – 10 km - 35 Levels - 24 hour 10 km - 35 Levels - 24 hour

forecast forecast – Experimental/operational Experimental/operational

since Oct. 24 1997since Oct. 24 1997


Earth ObservationEarth Observation

• TargetsTargets

• Ocean currentsOcean currents

• WindsWinds


Any investment in the technology for the definition of

where, and how to search would result in the reduction of

time, costs and ultimately increase the saving of lives

Less Search, More Rescue

Documents

Canadian Coast Guard Automated Search Planning B. F. Stone