CANADA & THE WORLD AFTER THE WAR• AFTER THE WAR, AS THE WEST & THE SOVIET

UNION BECAME ENEMIES, THERE WAS NO DOUBT THAT CANADA WOULD SIDE WITH THE WEST

• CANADA ALREADY HAD TIES WITH THE U.S. FOR CONTINENTAL DEFENCE - (PJBD)

• SEPTEMBER 1945 IGOR GOUZENKO,A SOVIET EMBASSY CLERK,DEFECTED TO CANADA– HE BRINGS DOCUMENTS LISTING

NAMES OF CANADIANS CONTACTEDBY SOVIET INTELLIGENCE

– GOUZENKO’S PAPERS RESULTED IN AYEAR LONG SECRET INVESTIGATIONUNDER THE WAR MEASURES ACT

• CANADA REMAINED MODERATE INTHE COLD WAR, TRYING TORESTRAIN AMERICAN ACTIONS& TOLERATING COMMUNISTS AT HOME

IGOR GOUZENKO CHANGED HIS NAME & APPEARANCE & HID FROM THE KGB AFTER HIS

DEFECTION

• CANADA BENEFITED FROM THE MARSHAL PLAN BECAUSE EUROPEANS WERE ALLOWED TO SPEND THIS MONEY IN CANADA AS WELL AS THE U.S.

• CANADA EMERGED ECONOMICALLY STRONG FROM THE WAR BUT STILL WANTED REDUCE ITS MILITARY

• CANADA WAS AN INSTIGATOR OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION, THOUGH THE EUROPEANS PROVIDED THE MAIN PUSH IN CONVINCING THE U.S. TO JOIN– CANADA INSERTED A CLAUSE IN THE TREATY TO PROMOTE

CULTURAL AND TRADE EXCHANGE IN ORDER TO CREATE A TRUE ‘ATLANTIC COMMUNITY’

– NATO NEVER DID FORM ANYTHING MORE THAN A MILITARY ALLIANCE AND SOON SPREAD FAR BEYOND ITS ‘ATLANTIC’ BOUNDARIES

• NATO REMAINED A PAPER ALLIANCE WITH LITTLE INTEGRATION OR JOINT PLANNING UNTIL AFTER THE KOREAN WAR

• IN 1950 CANADA WAS EDGING TOWARDS RECOGNIZING THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AGAINST PRESSURE FROM THE UNITED STATES

• 25 JUNE 1950 THE NORTH KOREAN ARMY INVADED SOUTH KOREA (THE 2 HAD BEEN DIVIDED AT THE END OF THE WAR)– THERE WAS CONCERN THAT THIS MIGHT BE A DISTRACTION

BEFORE A MAJOR SOVIET ASSAULT ON EUROPE– THE SOVIET UNION WAS BOYCOTTING THE SECURITY

COUNCIL BECAUSE THE U.S. REFUSED TO RECOGNIZE CHINA’S NEW GOVERNMENT

– THE SOVIET ABSENCE ALLOWED THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO PASS A RESOLUTION ALLOWING UN TROOPS TO GO TO KOREA

– AMERICAN TROOPS BASED IN JAPAN ENTERED KOREA AND WERE JOINED BY CANADIAN TROOPS AND NAVY DESTROYERS

– THE CANADIAN AIRFORCE DOES NOT FIGHT DIRECTLY IN KOREA BUT STATIONS SQUADRONS IN EUROPE TO RELIEVE AMERICAN SQUADRONS GOING TO KOREA

• WAR CONTINUES FOR THREE YEARS UNTIL STALIN’S DEATH