Canada and the1950sCanada and the1950sThe Cold WarThe Cold War

Cold War Crash CourseCold War Crash Course

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUIv=y9HjvHZfCUI

End of WW IIEnd of WW II As the Allies pushed the Nazi forces back to As the Allies pushed the Nazi forces back to

Germany, it became apparent to Hitler defeat Germany, it became apparent to Hitler defeat was eminentwas eminent

Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945 Germany has a full surrender May 7, 1945Germany has a full surrender May 7, 1945 Allied troops – West and SouthAllied troops – West and South Soviets – EastSoviets – East Meet in Germany, occupation by Soviet and Meet in Germany, occupation by Soviet and

Allied forcesAllied forces

Germany after WWII zonesGermany after WWII zonesgreen - United Kingdom green - United Kingdom

red - Soviet Union red - Soviet Union orange - United States orange - United States

blue - France blue - France

Berlin Occupied ~ July 4, 1945Berlin Occupied ~ July 4, 1945 February 1945 Yalta ConferenceFebruary 1945 Yalta Conference Yalta Agreement - Berlin divided into four Yalta Agreement - Berlin divided into four

occupation zones (US, British, French and occupation zones (US, British, French and Soviet).Soviet).

American forces arrived in Berlin on July 4, American forces arrived in Berlin on July 4, they would remain until 1994.they would remain until 1994.

Cold War eventsCold War events

Communist vs capitalist gov’ts and Communist vs capitalist gov’ts and ideologiesideologies

1919 – Soviet gov’t plans to overthrow 1919 – Soviet gov’t plans to overthrow capitalist gov’tscapitalist gov’ts

Sept 1945 Igor Gouzenko – Russian Sept 1945 Igor Gouzenko – Russian citizen in Ottawa, proof of Soviet spies in citizen in Ottawa, proof of Soviet spies in the Canadian gov’tthe Canadian gov’t

1946 – 1946 – drop of the drop of the “Iron “Iron Curtain”Curtain”

1947 1947 Romania Romania

1948 1948 CzechoslovCzechoslovakiaakia

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

1948 – Stalin cuts off ground supplies to 1948 – Stalin cuts off ground supplies to the US, French and British troops in Berlinthe US, French and British troops in Berlin

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

LINK:CNN - Cold War-The Wall

Cold War eventsCold War events

1949 creation of NATO1949 creation of NATO 1955 – Warsaw Pact1955 – Warsaw Pact

Cold War beginsCold War begins Red Menace - “No longer could western Red Menace - “No longer could western

governments fail to acknowledge that Soviet governments fail to acknowledge that Soviet Russia was conducting a gigantic conspiracy for Russia was conducting a gigantic conspiracy for the overthrow of governments throughout the the overthrow of governments throughout the free world.” RCMP commissioner, 1950sfree world.” RCMP commissioner, 1950s

Communist scare Communist scare http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkYl_AH-qykhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkYl_AH-qyk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsHUIxt1iMwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsHUIxt1iMw

NATONATO Concept of SuperpowersConcept of Superpowers Concept of middle powersConcept of middle powers Ties to the US – economic and now militaryTies to the US – economic and now military

Canada’s Commitment to NATOCanada’s Commitment to NATO

Defense policy was aligned with other Defense policy was aligned with other NATO countriesNATO countries

Kept 3000-5000 troops, several hundred Kept 3000-5000 troops, several hundred planes in Europe (mostly West Germany)planes in Europe (mostly West Germany)

Built and supplied military bases in EuropeBuilt and supplied military bases in Europe Patrolled international waters to watch for Patrolled international waters to watch for

Soviet submarines Soviet submarines Participate in NATO military exercisesParticipate in NATO military exercises

NORADNORAD

1958 – Canada and US air defense 1958 – Canada and US air defense agreementagreement

1000 bombers committed, controlled by a 1000 bombers committed, controlled by a base in Cheyenne Mt. Colorado and North base in Cheyenne Mt. Colorado and North Bay, OntarioBay, Ontario

DEW LineDEW Line

To protect against attacks from the air To protect against attacks from the air over the North Pole, three lines of radar over the North Pole, three lines of radar stations were builtstations were built

Stations compromised Canadian Stations compromised Canadian autonomy – US soldiers on Canadian soil, autonomy – US soldiers on Canadian soil, Canadians had to have American Canadians had to have American clearance to visit sitesclearance to visit sites

ICBMsICBMs

By 1957 the first ICBMs were testedBy 1957 the first ICBMs were tested Capable of reaching Canada or the US in Capable of reaching Canada or the US in

30 minutes, these missiles made the radar 30 minutes, these missiles made the radar lines less effectivelines less effective

First launchFirst launch

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-9pwtk0ZWU9pwtk0ZWU

Avro ArrowAvro Arrow

Canadian created jetCanadian created jet Fastest in the world at the time (Mach 2)Fastest in the world at the time (Mach 2) Designed to shoot down Russian nuclear Designed to shoot down Russian nuclear

bombersbombers