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Can improvement of Soil Health lead to Disease
Suppression?
Koon-Hui Wang, Philip Waisen, Jensen Uyeda, Joshua Silva, Donna Meyer
Jari Sugano, Amjad Ahmad
CTAHR, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Peter Schroder, Wells International School, Bangkok, Thailand
Sustainable Pest
Management LabUniversity of Hawai’i at Mānoa,
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Biofumigation
Oil radish Brown mustard
The use of glucosinolate (GL)-derived isothiocyanate (ITC) from brassica cover crops to suppress soil-borne pests and pathogens (Kirkegaard et al., 1993)
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Seeding: 10 lb/acre
Biofumigation by MTBP(Macerated, Till, cover with Black Plastic)
5 weeks
Flail mower
Till Cover with plastic
(1 week)
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Suppression of root-knot nematodes by MTBP-Biofumigation
• Higher soil sulfate concentration one week after MTBP indicated higher efficacy of
biofumigation of glucosinolate compounds compared to bareground (BG), no-till (NT),
macerated no-till (MNT), no-till with black plastic (NTBP), till (T), and (macerated till).
• Efficacy of MTBP was observed on population of root-knot nematodes in the soil after a
zucchini crops following the mustard treatment.
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Solvita Test
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Solvita Test (Soil Respiration)
6
b
a
ab
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
C M MW
CO
2b
urs
t
• Biofumigation with brown mustard (M) or brownmustard plus water (MW) increased soil microbialactivities as indicated by higher CO2 burst. Thus,biofumigation increased soil microbial activities.
• But biofumigation did not reduce Fusarium wiltdisease incidence on lettuce.
7 days after biofumigation
Trial 2
Trial 1
Lettuce Biofumigation Test
b
ab
a
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
C M MW%P
lan
t w
ith
Fu
sari
um
Wilt
Trial II
0
5
10
15
C M MW%P
lan
t w
ith
Fu
sari
um
wilt
Trial I
Disease Incidence
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Sulfate as an indicator of biofumigation (7 days after initiation of biofumigation)
7
• Biofumigation with brown mustard (M) was moreefficient in performing biofumigation than MW.
• Biofumigation with brown mustard + water (MW)achieved better green manure effect in Trial II ( =30%) than in Trial I ( = 37%).
• Soil sulfate concentration was negatively related toFusarium wilt incidence in Trial I, and positivelyrelated to number of lettuce plants that survived inTrial II.
Lettuce Biofumigation Test
Lettuce Yield
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
C M MW
Marketable
Unmarketable
Lett
uce
yie
ld(K
g/p
lot)
a
bab
Trial I
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
C M MW
Lett
uce
yiel
d(K
g/p
lot)
C = Bareground controlM = MustardMW = Mustard + Water
A
B
B
Trial II
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
C M MW
Soil
Sulf
ate
(g/
g)
Trial II
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
C M MW
SO
42
-co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
g/g)
Trial I
C = Bareground controlM = MustardMW = Mustard + Water
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Soil Drenching of Solution from Organic Materials against Banana Fusarium Wilt
8
BC
ABC
A
ABC ABABC
C
0
2
4
6
8
A L M Sb Sh V W
CO
2lb
/acr
e
Treatments: (5 gal water / plant)
• A = Actinovate (Steptomyces
lydicus),
• L = Lobster meal,
• M = Mustard (ground),
• Sb = Subtilex (Bacillus subtilis),
• Sh = Shrimp shell meal,
• V = Vermicompost tea,
• W = Water
Mustard (ground)Banana root samples on Komada selective medium
Purple colonies were Fusarium colonies.
Lobster meal suppressed Foc, mustard meal increased soil microbial activities.
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Soil Drenching of Solution from Organic Materials on plant-parasitic nematodes and soil health
9
AB
A
B
ABAB AB
AB
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
A L M Sh V W sb
Nem
ato
de/
250
cm3
soil Reniform nematode
B
A
A
ABAB AB
B
0
200
400
600
A L M Sh V W sb
Bacterivorous nematodes
B AB
A
AB
AB
ABB
0
100
200
300
400
A L M Sh V W sb
Fungivorous nematodes
Nem
ato
des
/250
cm
3so
il
• Mustard resulted in lowest abundance of reniform nematodes.
• Lobster and mustard increased bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes, vermicompost tea increase %
omnivorous nematodes.
• Lobster enhanced bacteria decomposition, mustard enhanced fungal decomposition.
ABAB
B AB
A
AB AB
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
A L M Sh V W sb
%
Omnivorous nematodes
Nem
ato
des
/250
cm
3so
il
(8 weeks after treatment)
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Nematode Suppression
Biofumigation by maceratingmustard residues (17lb FW/plant)followed by drenching H2O toachieve 30% gravimetric soilmoisture (we use 5 gal/plant).
Foc Suppression
Lobster meal mix into water at 35
lb/1000 ft2 soil (here we mix 0.32
lb with 5 gal water per plant).
Soil Health
Brew uncured vermicompost tea >12 hours at 1:100 water, delivered 5 gal/plant.
10
Lobster meal contains chitin, thus
enhance beneficial soil chitin-
feeding microbes, that can dis-
solve cell wall of pathogenic fungi.