Can Cloud Computing Can Cloud Computing and Optical Networking and Optical Networking

S th Pl t?S th Pl t?Save the Planet?Save the Planet?

Rod Tucker, Jayant Baliga, Robert Ayre, Kerry Hinton

ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks (CUBIN)

University of Melbourne

r.tucker@ee.unimelb.edu.au

Cloud ComputingCloud Computing

What do the following have in common?

• Happiness• Love• Marketing Hype• Recession• Cloud Computingp g

They all mean different things to different people

SummarySummaryCloud Computing as a Logistics ProblemCloud Computing as a Logistics Problem

Key elements of logistics

• Processing• Storage Energy costsStorage• Transport

Energy costs

Cloud Computing Energy ModelCloud Computing Energy ModelComputer,

StorageServers, Storage

Enterprise Data Center

PON Access Network

Core NetworkOLT

Splitter ONU

FiberProcessors PON Access Network

Broadband Network G

CoreRouter

Total Energy

Edge Routers

GatewaysOXC Total Energy Consumption =

Energy/bit used in

M t /Ed N t k

EthernetSwitch

Servers,

• Storage• Transport• Processing

Metro/Edge NetworkProcessors

StoragePublic Data Center

XTotal number of bits

CloudPublic Data Center

Network Energy ModelNetwork Energy Model

100020092009

nJ)

100pe

r bit

(n

10

Ene

rgy

0 1

1

0 01

0.1

0.01Optical

AmpPoS WDMTx/Rx

EthernetSwitch

CoreRouter

PONONU

(10 Mb/s)

Server

Data Centre Energy ModelData Centre Energy Model

Servers430 nJ/b

Edge Router26 nJ/b 430 nJ/b26 nJ/b

Storage8 pW/bp

[29 nJ/hr/b]LAN – 2 stages of aggregation

using Ethernet switchesWatts not Joules

g

Baliga et al., OThT6

User Hardware Energy ModelUser Hardware Energy Model

• End user computer:

– High Energy Use Desktop 140 Watts• Eg. Intel Quad-core, or older P4, mid-range graphics

– Modern mid-range Desktop 70 Watts• Eg. Intel Core Duo 2.5 GHz, 2 GB RAM, mid-range graphics

– Low-end Desktop/Thin Client 18 Watts • Eg. Intel Atom 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, chipset-based graphicsg , , p g p

– Ignore monitor (LCD/CRT) energy consumption • This will be similar in all our comparisons

Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Should I use a low-end Computer & Outsource Jobs

Computing Resource

Service Center Outsource jobs

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Low energy consumption.consumption.

OR

Use a high-end computer that

- OR -

g pcan handle any of my jobs

But high energy consumption even for light jobsfor light jobs

Consider Three ScenariosConsider Three Scenarios

1. Software-as-a-Service– Stored on user’s computer with updates downloaded regularly

• Eg current anti-virus software model extended to mainstream applications, MS Update (weekly patch) model

2 S i B2. Service Bureau– Most tasks done on lower end user machine,

outsource the “big” jobs

3. Computing-as-a-Service– Hosted and run on provider’s computer “farm” with data initiallyHosted and run on provider s computer farm with data initially

uploaded from user• User data may be hosted or locally stored• Like enterprise “Thin Client” modelLike enterprise Thin Client model

Can cloud computing save energy ?

1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService

Service Center

I want to use the Word

ProcessorData

Center Processor Mid-range Computer

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service

1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService

Service CenterData

Center

Here is the latest version or patch

Mid-range Computer

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service

2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau

Here is my raw Service CenterComputing

Resource

video footage and edit

commands

Mid-range Computer

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software

•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs

2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau

Service CenterComputing

Resource

Here is your DVD Image

Mid-range Computer

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software

•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs

3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--ServiceService

Service CenterEnterprise

Server

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Here is the new data for my spreadsheetp

Computing (Hardware and Software-as-Low-end or

“Thin Client” C t

•Centralised Storage and Processing

Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service)

Computer

3. 3. ComputingComputing--asas--aa--ServiceService

Service CenterEnterprise

Server

Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

Here is the output file to

print or e-mail

Computing (Hardware and Software-as-

p

•Centralised Storage and Processing

Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service) Low-end or

“Thin Client” C tComputer

1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example

• Energy impact of the

Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?

gy p“Software as a Service” & “Storage as a Service” models

Service Centre

Data Centre

• Compare the energy cost to store & transport 50 MB bl k t th

AccessNetworkMetro

Network

blocks to the user, cf. store on local drive

U i 1GB d 5GB “ l d” t• Users require 1GB and 5GB “cloud” storage

1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example

Storage of application & data “in the cloud” compared with storing on a local disk.50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop-style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.

Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?

50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.

100

)

10

ptio

n (W

)

Transport energy dominates

L l HDD

1

Con

sum

p Local HDD

0.1

Pow

er C

1 GB Cloud Storage5 GB Cloud Storage

0.010.01 0.1 1 10 100

D l d H

1 GB Cloud Storage

Downloads per Hour

2. Service Bureau Example2. Service Bureau ExampleComputer used for 20 hrs/week, plus some video encoding of ½ hour videos

160

180on

, W Older Computer

Transport

100

120

140

nsum

ptio

Mid-range Computer

Transport energy dominates

60

80

100

Pow

er C

on

20

40

60

Ave

rage

P

Low-end Computer & outsourcing

00 20 40 60 80 100 120

Number of Encodings per Week

A

Number of Encodings per Week

3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example

• Office situation

Thin Client or Small PC in Office?Thin Client or Small PC in Office?

• Office situation– non-intensive tasks,

• Should this office deploy:

Service Center

Enterprise Server

Should this office deploy:– a low-end machine per user

OR “dumb, thin clients”? Metro/Edge Network

Access Network

• Commonly, thin client would receive and display HTML formatted data from the server

Thi li t bilit b li it d t di l i• Thin client capability may be limited to displaying bitmaps developed from its server

3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Examplent

(W)

Thin Client compared to Small PC in OfficeThin Client compared to Small PC in Office

5

7.5

Thin

Clie

n

“local” server

2.5

g us

ing

T

Distant Server

-2.5

0

wer

Sav

ing

1% 2% 5% 10%

% of screen area updated

-50 1 2 3 4 5

Pow

area updated per secondAverage Bitrate for Screen Refresh Mb/s

Thin client solution “green” only when the server is localThin client solution green only when the server is local

SummarySummary

• Cloud Storage and Cloud Computing can provide energy savings– More so for less-demanding users– For handling the occasional intensive task

• But...– Advantages may be lost when data transfer is large– This is where optical networking needs to come to the

rescue

Cl d C ti t th l t• Cloud Computing may not save the planet….– But if used appropriately, it could help to mitigate the

growth in energy consumption in our industryg gy p y– A classical Logistics problem