424 Abstracts/Lung Cancer 11 (1994) 423-444

Retinoid chemoprevention stud& in upper aerodiieative tract and Chemoprevention of respiratory tract neoplasia in the hamster by lung carcinogeneais oltipraz, alone and in combination Lippman SM, Benner SE. Waun Ki Hong lhoracic/Head/Neck Med. Oncol. Dept., Texas Univ. M. D. Anderson Can. Ctr., Box 80, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Hourron, TX 77030. Cancer Rea 1994;54:Suppl 2025s~8s.

Moon RC, Rao KVN, Detrisac CJ, Kelloff GJ, Steele VE, Doody LA. Specialized Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, a 60612. Int J Gncol 1994;4:661-7.

Chemoprevention is a clinical strategy to block or reverse carcinogeneais before the development of invasive cancer. Studies of chemoprevention in the lungs and upper aemdigeative tract have relied on the field carcinogenesis hypothesis, which predicts that diffuse epithelial injury will result from exposure of that epithelium to carcinogens. This hypothesis is supported by the frequent occurrence of multiple primary tumors within the exposed field. In addition, the understanding of carcinogenesis as a multistep process supports the use of interventions in damaged epithelium before the development of clinically invasive cancer. Current efforts are focused on applying to chemoprevention studies the increasing knowledge of the molecular events in carcinogeneais. In our program, clinical trials in lung and head and neck chemoprevention have focused on individuals with evidence of field carcinogeneais, i.e., ahistory ofprevious epithelial cancer or the presence of premalignant lesions. These trials include studies to develop clinically applicable intermediate markers of carcinogeneais and large Phase III trials to evaluate the efficacy of the retinoid isotretinoin in preventing second primary tumors following head and neck or lung cancers.

TWO doses of oltipraz (300, 600 mg/kg diet) and 6- difluoromethylomithine (DFMO; 1600,320O mg/kg diet), alone and in combinations with N-(Chydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR; 98, 196 mg/kgdiet)and/or8-carotene(3,1.5 mg; sc. 2x/week), wereinvestigated for prevention of hamster respiratory carcinogeneais. After 25 weeks, onlyhighdoseoltiprax(-100%) inhibitedtheincidenceofDEN-induced (17.8 mglkg BW, SC, Zx/weak, 20 weeks) bronchial carcinomas when given alone. Low dose oltiprax (-34%, n.s.) synergistically decreased carcinoma incidence in combinationswith 4-HPR (-80%), &carotene (- 90%) or both (-100%). Other effective combinations were low dose DFMO + B-carotene (-64%) and high dose DFMO with 4-HPR (- 56 %), O-carotene (-63 W) or both (-67 W).

Risk factors of primary lung cancer and spirometry Rhee YK, Hwang KM, Lee YC. Depamnent of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju. Tuberc Reapir Dis 1993;40:646-52.

Campnlgrrs against smoking: Compliance and results Arciti C, Pistone M, Persici P, Gallo M, Barbieri A, Santi L. Lega ItalianaLotta Contm i Tumori. ViaBertani, 9, Genova. Anticancer Res 1994;14:B 283-8.

Smoking has become a true epidemic that intereats a lot of people in the world. The sntismolcmg progrsmmes are at these moments the most important strategy to prevent lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This article analyses the compliance and the results of the antismoking campaigns in the world. Data show the long term efficacy of school based smoking prevention programmes and underline their importance even ifthemethodologiescanbediffemnt in thevariouscountriea. Other data show that the Percentage of young smokers is increasing during the last three years; for this-n it is necessary to implement everywhere new programmes against smoking.

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study: Jhxsign, methods, participant characteristics, andcompliance Heinonen OP, Huthmen JK, Albanes D, Haapakoski J, Palmgren J, Pietinen P et al. National Public Health Itwtitute, Mannerheimintie 166. FINaoJoo Helsinki. Ann Epidemiol 1994;4: I-IO.

Background: Lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease often coexist in the same person who are elderly and cigarette smoking. There are several reports that the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Moreover, the association between mucus hypersecretion and lung cancer has been reported. Method: In 72 cases with primary lung cancer which were confirmed histopathologically at Chonbuk University Hospital from August 1986 to July 1991, We evaluated the relationship between spirometry and lung cancer characteristics. Results: Six cases (8.3%) showed normal lung function, 16(22.2%) cases showedpurerestrictivelungdisease, 46(63.9%)casesshowedmoderated obstructive lung disease and 4(5.6%) cases showed severe obstructive lung disease. FEV, (96) was lower in central type than in peripheral type, lower in advanced non-small cell cancer and lower in subjects with phlegm. FEV,/FVC (96) was higher in small cell cancer than in squamous cell cancer and higher in patients without previous pulmonary disease than with previous pulmonary disease. But there was no statistically significant difference in lung function according to histologic types and smoking history. Lung cancers with FEV,/FVC leas than 75 A consisted of 35 cases of squamous cell cancer, 7 of small cell cancer (14%). 5 of adenocarcinoma (10%). 2 of large-cell carcinoma and 1 of unclassified carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma occurred more in patientswithFEV,/FVC <75% thanwithFEV,/FVC75% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was suggested that low FEV,/FVC, as reflection of obstructive lung disease, may be at greater risk for squamous cell carcinoma in cigarette smokers.

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Lung Cancer Prevention Study was a randomized, double-blind, placeboumtmlled, 2 x 2 factorial design, primary prevention trial testing the hypothesis that alpha-tocopheml (50 n&lay) and beta-camtene (20 mg/day) supplements reduce the incidence of lung cancer and possibly other cancers. Total and disease-specificmortalityandincidenceofvariousdi-andsymptoms were monitored for safety. Between 1985 and 1993, 29,133 eligible male smokers aged 50 to 69 years at entry were randomized to receive daily activesupplements or placebocapsules for 5 to 8 years (median 6.1 years), accumulating 169,751 follow-up years. This report describes the study design, methods, and protocol as well as the baseline characteristics and capsule compliance of the participants. The ATBC Study is the largest lung cancer chemoprevention trial conducted to date.

Epidemiology and etiology

Lung cancer among newspaper printers exposed to ink mist: A study of trade union ~mmbers in Mnncheater, England Leon DA, Thomas P, Hutchings S. Epidemiology/Population Sri. Dept., London Sch. of Hygiene/%pical Med., Keppel Street, London WClE 7HT. Gccup Environ Med 1994;51:87-94.

A nested case-control study of lung cancer among men exposed to ink mist in newspaper production with rotary letterpress technology is presented. It isbasedwithinahistorical cohortof9232printing workers inManchester(l94963). Menwhooperatednewspapermtaryletterpreas