Campaign Year of 1777

“The Year of the Hangman”

General John Burgoyne

Col. Barry St.Leger

Sir William Howe

The Three-Pronged Campaign

The Champlain Valley

• Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne (B) invades the Champlain Valley

• His army includes Redcoats, Tory Rangers, Hessians and Native Americans

Burgoyne captures Ft. Ticonderoga

Philip Skene

• Philip Skene (B) convinces Burgoyne to go overland from Lake Champlain to the Hudson Valley

Phillip Schuyler

• General Philip Schuyler (A) uses slow down tactics and a scorched earth policy to hurt Burgoyne

• Takes more than two weeks to get to Hudson Valley

Murder of Jane McCrea

Battle of Bennington

• Burgoyne sends his Hessians to get horses and supplies at Bennington.

• Seth Warner (A) and John Stark (A) defeat the Hessians at the Battle of Bennington (A)

Battles of Saratoga

• Gen. John Burgoyne vs. Gen Horatio Gates

• Battles of Freeman’s Farm (A)

Battles of Saratoga

• Battle of Bemis Heights (A)

• Daniel Morgan’s Riflemen

• Benedict Arnold’s leg

Daniel Morgan’s Riflemen

Statue to Benedict Arnold at Saratoga

Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga – “Turning Point of the War”

Col. Barry St.Leger lays siege to Ft. Stanwix

• St. Leger’s army includes Redcoats, Tory Rangers and Iroquois

Iroquois Confederacy

• Iroquois Confederacy split over who to support during the Revolution

• Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga and Mohawk side with the British

• Oneida and Tuscarora side with the Americans

Ft. Stanwix

• Peter Gansvoort (A) and Marius Willett (A) command Ft. Stanwix

Battle of Oriskany

Nicholas Herkimer

• Battle of Oriskany (B) – Gen. Nicholas Herkimer (A) ambushed trying to relieve the siege – first battle that the Iroquois were involved in

Benedict Arnold (A) relieves the siege of Ft. Stanwix

Hudson Valley

• Sir William Howe (B) claims he never got his orders and goes to Philadelphia

• Sir Henry Clinton (B) moves a British army up the Hudson

Sir Henry Clinton

• Breaks through a chain the Americans have across the river at West Point

• Burns Kingston, the rebel capital, when he hears that Burgoyne surrendered

What happened to Sir William Howe?

Howe decides to take Philadelphia

Battle of Brandywine

Battle of Germantown

Howe captures Philadelphia

French Enter the War

• Benjamin Franklin has been in Paris trying to convince the French to join the war

• American victory at Saratoga and the way Washington’s army fought around Philadelphia convinces the French to join

• American Revolution becomes a World War