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8/2/2019 Cambodia - Biogas
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A case st u dy in Cam bo d ia
W ast e Managem en tt h r o u g h Bio- g a s p r o g r a m
Dr . Tou ch Visa lsok
Roya l Un iv e rsi t y o f Ag r i cu l t u r e
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Introduction
Many Cambodian people are economically
or geographically inaccessible to electricityor fossil fuels for cooking.
Firewood is extensively used as a major
source of energy, leading to deforestation. The current population growth, the
urbanization of the country as well as its
industrialization has resulted in a growingamount of solid wastes.
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Introduction (Cont)
Biogas presents to be one of the bestsolutions.
Its use provides ecological and
economical advantages. The Government has established a
Nat ion a l Biogas Pr og r am ( NBP) to
promote this technology to ruralcommunities.
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Study Methodology
NPB
Farmers
Technology
Applicability
Synthes is
Interviewed
Interviewed
Multi-cluster
sampling
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Si t e Select io n
Takaev
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Sampling size and methods
74Total
3SdeyronKhvav
3Prey chongreakSangraeTrang
3KadalDongBatty6Chong angOdomsoriya
8Peakbong oungTropeangkhangcheng
7Prey mok
4BrochomSreronong
Tramkok
6Tropuangvihea
5TamoveChiengkoung
6Toal
7KrangtnongRoveang
7Kagngeang
9A rongSlar
Samrong
Sample SizeVillageCommuneDistrict
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Types of bio-gas available inCambodia
Concrete
Chinese model
Indian model
Plastic
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Bio-gas applied by NBP
Indian style
Different digester sizes
4 m3
6 m3
8 m3
10 m3
15 m3
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Biogas Installation Processes
Bio-gas experts
Workers
Farmers
Train
InstallQuality
Co
ntrol
NBP
Micro-fin
ance
Subsidy
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Rat i o s o f m an u r e an d w at er l o ad e d t o t h e
d i g est er a t f i r st t i m e
6000600015
3800380010
300030008
230023006
150015004
Water Volume
(L)
Manure Concentration
(Kg)
Digester Size
(m3)
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Ratios of manure and water dailyloaded to the digester
120-150120-15015
80-10080-10010
60-8060-808
40-6040-606
20-4020-404
Water Volume
(L)
Manure Concentration
(Kg)
Digester Size
(m3)
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Number of animals owned by the interviewed
households
10074Total10074Total
6.75> 92.72> 9
2.72569.477 8
14.8113424.31856
9.471252.73934
66.249010.882.00
Percent#
respondents
Number of
pigs
Percent#
respondents
Number of
cattle
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Reasons for using bio-gas
66.21
33.78
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Save time Convenience
Per
centageofrespondents
(%)
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Duration of energy consumption
28-3214-1515
21-259.5-1010
16-207.5-88
12-155.5-66
8-103.5-44
Lamp (hour)Stove (hour)Digester Size (m3)
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Use of bio-gas
Cooking
Lighting
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Sufficiency of bio-gas for dailyenergy consumption
90.5
9.45
0
20
40
60
80
100
Re
spondents(p
ercent)
Sufficient Insufficient
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A comparison of total expenses on biogas
construction between NPB standard cost and costestimated from the studied households
-100-75515
-100-49010
5001006004308
292.7100392.73756
283.3100383.33204
Costs covered by eachhousehold (US$)
Cost subsidized byNBP (US$)
Cost estimated from the studiedhouseholds (US$)
Standard Costs ofNPB (US$)
DigesterSize(m3)
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A comparison of expense onfirewood and biogas (per month)
14.9
1.59 1.632.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
E
xpense
($)
Firewood 4m3 6m3 8m3
Digester size
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Perspect i ves o f t he f a rm ers t ow a rd
env i r onm en t a l im pact s o f Bi ogasapp l i ca t ions
Most of the farmers felt that the
environments surrounding theirhouses were significantly improved ifcompared with the times when theyused firewood and charcoal.
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Ability of the farmers to maintainand fix up the bio-gas system
23
77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Respondents(percent)
Yes No
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Factors affecting bio-gasapplications
The cost for installation of biogas
digester is still so high that manypoor farmers could not afford to pay.
High input for animal manure (4-5cows)
Unfavorable odor and smell of the gas
Maintenance of the system
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Conclus ion
Waste management though bio-gas
system appears to be an appropriatealternative.
Two important advantages: Environmental improvement
Economic benefits
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Recommendations
Identifying methods for maximizing
bio-gas production
Research on methods for reducing
unfavorable smell and odor Introducing the use of municipal
waste for bio-gas production