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Cambio climático, seguridad alimentaria y comercio
Nicolás J. Lucas
Director de Producciones Sostenibles
Secretaría de Gobierno de Agroindustria
Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 de julio de 2019
Please cite this paper as:
Blandford, D. and K. Hassapoyannes (2018-08-06), “The roleof agriculture in global GHG mitigation”, OECD Food,Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 112, OECD Publishing,Paris.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/da017ae2-en
OECD Food, Agriculture and FisheriesPapers No. 112
The role of agriculture inglobal GHG mitigation
David Blandford
Katharine Hassapoyannes
Contexto agro-ambiental para el comercio
1
G20 Agriculture Ministers’ Declaration 2019
Preamble
(1) Agriculture has developed along with civilization, from the ancient stone age to the
modern era of science. Now we are venturing into the age of new challenges and
opportunities for our food systems. Productivity needs to increase and distribution needs
to be more efficient, including by reducing food loss and waste, in order to achieve food
security and improve nutrition for the growing world population. This should be achieved
in a way more compatible with the sustainable management of natural resources, and
with “leaving no one behind,” as is expressed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. Digitalization and innovation are opening up new opportunities in various
stages of agro-food value chains (FVCs), which will contribute to solving many of the
above challenges. However, in order to grasp these opportunities, the agro-food sector
needs to attract new investment in physical and human capital.
(2) We, the Agriculture Ministers of the G20, representing around 60% of the world’s
agricultural land area, and accounting for about 80% of world trade in agricultural
products in value, highlight our roles and responsibilities in enhancing sustainability of
the agro-food sector. During the discussion today in Niigata, we confirmed, building on
the outcomes in previous meetings, the importance of making the best use of our
experiences and knowledge to offer solutions for existing and emerging challenges and
to realize the full potential of the agro-food sector in achieving inclusive growth and
sustainable development.
1. Need for innovation toward sustainability of the agro-food sector
(3) We reaffirm that innovation and knowledge are critical for sustainable productivity
growth in the agro-food sector. We acknowledge the efforts of public and private sector
including farming community towards generating innovative solutions. At the same time,
we reiterate the importance of their smooth and timely adoption by producers and
stakeholders, including collaboration with non agro-food sectors, in order to maximize
their full potential in raising productivity and sustainability of the agro-food sector.
(4) We highlight the importance of encouraging innovation in agriculture, inter alia, through
the utilization and access of advanced technologies, such as Information and
Communication Technology (ICT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics among others,
in our discussion in Niigata, as it can offer a solution for a wide range of issues. We note
there is enormous potential in agriculture to gain from these technologies, including those
already utilized in other sectors. While respecting applicable legal frameworks for data
privacy we emphasize the need to set a foundation for access and use of data by all
including those on production and markets as well as with an appropriate digital
infrastructure, in order to enhance the potential of ICT and digital technology. In this
Comercio y Desarrollo Sustentable en el acuerdo Mercosur-Unión Europea
Capitulo Comercio y Desarrollo Sostenible (18 Artículos)
• Enfoque colaborativo basado en valores e intereses comunes
Comercio y Cambio Climático
• Reafirmar el compromiso con la UNFCCC y el Acuerdo de Paris, y el rol del comercio en su logro.
• Promover la contribución positiva del comercio al proceso de reducción de emisiones, el desarrollo climáticamente resiliente y la capacidad adaptativa sin amenazar la producción de alimentos.
• Cooperar en foros internacionales
Comercio y Manejo Sostenible de Bosques
• Reconocen la importancia del manejo sostenible de los bosques y el rol del comercio para lograr ese objetivo.
• Alentar comercio de productos de bosques manejados sosteniblemente de acuerdo con leyes del país de origen.
• Intercambiar información sobre iniciativas vinculadas al comercio y el manejo sostenibles de los bosques y cooperar para maximizar el impacto y el apoyo mutuo de sus respectivas políticas de interés común.
Comercio y Desarrollo Sustentable en el acuerdo Mercosur-Unión Europea
Comercio y Gestión Sostenible de Cadenas de Suministro
• Reconocen la importancia de la gestión sostenible de las cadenas de suministro mediante practicas de responsabilidad social empresaria basadas en lineamientos acordados internacionalmente.
Sub-Committee de Comercio y Desarrollo Sustentable
• Se establece un Sub-Comité sobre Comercio y Desarrollo Sostenible integrado por funcionarios senior.
Solución de controversias: Panel de Expertos
• Informe con conclusiones sobre hechos, aplicabilidad de disposiciones relevantes y la racionalidad detrás de las conclusiones o recomendaciones
• Las partes publicarán el informe
• Las partes discutirán medidas apropiadas a implementar tomando en consideración el informe y sus recomendaciones.
Nuevo contexto – nueva estrategia agro-ambiental exterior
Buenos Aires, 2019
• Mostrarnos y dar las discusiones. Mejorar la comprensión mutua y el flujo de información creíble.
• Sostener la CMNUCC y el Acuerdo de Paris como ámbitos para profundizar esta agenda.
• Mejorar la presencia de investigadores argentinos y hacerle justicia técnica al sector.
• Aprovechar el impulso para mejorar nuestro despempeño agroambiental.
• Consolidar la acción climática como una cuestión de competitividad.