2013

Sponsored By:

Caitlin Keith, Jiangong Li, Brian Lockner, Josh Miller

CALS Sandpoint Greenhouse

Team Green ThumbGreenhouse Design Team

2013

Sponsored By:

Background Information

Client NeedsSandpoint Urban Renewal Agency (SURA) is investigating the feasibility of installing a commercial greenhouse that could operate year-round in Sandpoint, Idaho.

Project GoalsUsing engineering principles, computer modeling, and modern irrigation techniques, we will design a greenhouse that can provide local and/or organic food to the city of Sandpoint.

2013

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3-Phase Feasibility Study

Phase I:Estimate capital, building and operating (including energy)

costs of greenhouses in the Sandpoint area.

Phase II:Dependent upon the findings in step one, assess which

vegetable/herb crops can be grown in the Sandpoint area.

Phase III:Determine the demand for such crops at price points which would cover costs estimated in phases I and II,

for sale to local consumers.

2013

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Project Flow Chart

Project Learning

Phase II Influence

Greenhouse Tours

SURA Influence

Structural Design

Internal Design

Economic Analysis

Optimize Best Design

Model Design

Economic Analysis

2013

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Design Alternatives

Inexpensive Conventional Innovative

Medium Initial CostMedium Capacity

DurablePrecise Climate Control

High Initial CostLow Capacity

DurablePrecise Climate Control

Low Initial CostHigh Capacity

High DegradationInexact Climate Control

2013

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Design Selection

Inexpensive Conventional InnovativeEnergy Usage per year 929 MW-hr 535 MW-hr 591 MW-hrBuilding Footprint 15,000 ft2 18,225 ft2 11,500 ft2

Growing Space 9,000 ft2 8,448 ft2 7,700 ft2

Total Initial Investment $ 710,000 $ 995,000 $ 1,162,000Annual Revenue $ 384,000 $ 360,000 $ 328,125Plant Capacity 2250 4048 192515 Year Present Worth $ 412,000 $ 784,000 $ 275,902Qualitative ranking 52 85 74

Conventional Design is determined to be our best

design

2013

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Preliminary Economic Analysis

Inexpensive DesignPresent Worth = $412,000

Innovative DesignPresent Worth = $275,902

MARR = 6%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15$0

$360,000 $360,000 $360,000

-$995,000

-$173,400 -$226,900 -$173,400

Cash Flow Diagram - Conventional

MARR = 6%Present Worth: $783,844

2013

Sponsored By:

Design Optimization

IrrigationLightingHVAC

PVC Pipe System• Trellis encourages vertical

growth• 5,000 gallon reservoir• 20 foot lengths

Nutrient g / 1000 L $ / 1000 gallons

MgSO4 1893 38.43KPO4 1022 8.79KNO3- 757 2.31KSO4 379 1.02

CaNO3- 1893 2.50Chelated Fe 95 2.80

Total 55.85

Nutrients• Total estimated yearly

cost for a 4000 gallon reservoir:

$58,781.00• Nutrients replenished

every 1-2 weeks• Tomatoes require 3-5

gallons/plant/week

2013

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Design Optimization

IrrigationLightingHVAC

Photosynthesis & Illumination Requirement Average vegetable light compensation point is 2000 lx. At 4000 lx, the efficiency of photosynthesis can reach the

maximum level. Average illumination time for common vegetable is 12

hours/day.

Design Characteristic

Lamps 400W/240V HPSL, 15 lamps/group, 2groups/ room

Reflectors Industrial, Down Only

Operation 7 hours, October-March2.5 hours, April- September

2013

Sponsored By:

IrrigationLightingHVAC

Design Optimization

•Natural Gas Boiler•Evaporative Cooling•Passive Ventilation•HAF Fan Placement•Thermodynamic simulations using EES

2013

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Final Design

Isom

etric

Vie

w

Hydr

opon

ic Ir

rigati

on

Exha

ust F

ans &

Coo

ling

PadsCatia

Modeling

Plant Capacity: 4048

Annual Power Usage: 231, 690 kWh

Annual O&M Costs: $210,406

2013

Sponsored By:

CAD1:48 Scale PhysicalFull-scale Irrigation

Modeling

•CATIA Modeling Software•Ground Up Build•System Grouping•System Fitting

2013

Sponsored By:

Modeling

CAD1:48 Scale PhysicalFull-scale Irrigation

• Model size is 33.75 in. X 25 in.• Wooden dowels used to represent steel frame• Matte plastic acetate represents polycarbonate• Four functional zones show various design features• Color coded materials

2013

Sponsored By:

Modeling

CAD1:48 Scale PhysicalFull-scale Irrigation

• 1:30 slope allows for proper drainage• 6 inch PVC allows for easy, cheap construction• 1 L/min flow rate• Future researchers could look into oval pipes for

even water distribution

2013

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Maintenance

Projected Annual Costs

Electricity

$16,219 $210,406

Boiler pump2%

Exhaust Fans39%

Cooling Pads1%

Irrigation Pump10%

Recycle Pump10%

Refrigera-tor7%

Lighting (Summer)

9%

Lighting (Winter)21%

Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)

Miscellaneous Maintenance1%

Labor67%

Electricity8%

Fertilizers21%

Polycarbonate Replacement3%

Annual O&M Cost Breakdown

2013

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Economic Analysis

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

$420,992

-$1,576,978 -$201,219 -$468,719 -$201,219

MARR = 6%Present Worth = $389,000.88

Cash Flow Diagram

Revenue Calculation:4048 plants * (56 weeks/10 week harvest period) * (5 lbs. yield/harvest) * ($5/lb) * 0.8 {accounts for waste}

2013

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Questions