CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, …hturner/ce134/lab1.doc · Web viewUse the hand level to determine the required instrument height when setting up. If this step is skipped,

CE 134 Laboratory Notes, Spring 2006

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LAB

INTRODUCTION TO LAB PROCEDURES

I. FORMAT

A. GENERAL

Laboratory notes are to be neatly and professionally performed and written. The use of proper English grammar, correct spelling, as well as overall good appearance, is expected. All laboratory notes shall be written in an ELAN (E64-8X4W) field book or equivalent (available at the bookstore or at survey supply stores). All notes shall be printed legibly in pencil using 2H or harder lead. Laboratory notes written in cursive or written with soft lead (which smears) will have points deducted. All calculations are to be shown in general equation form, as well as at least one specific example employing the actual measurements made during the course of the fieldwork. The procedures for the individual labs and some examples of note taking styles are provided in the following pages of this manual.

B. NOTE TAKING ELEMENTS

1. Complete all data as required by the instructor and/or by the outline of each individual lab.

2. The title of each lab shall be clearly written on the first page of the lab notes.

3. All pages shall be numbered in the upper or lower corners.

4. A complete sketch of the survey must be included. The sketch should include bearings and distances (where applicable), call outs, north arrow and scale, label angles, label buildings, sidewalks, trees, significant physical feature and any other notes as necessary.

5. List the date, weather, temperature, equipment used that day.

6. Note the job that each party member performed (i.e. chainman, rodman, party chief, note taker, etc.).

7. Sign your name on the last page of the notes and label as "original" or label "copy" if duplicated.

Copyright Howard Turner 2006 Page 1


8. Show general equations along with at least one specific numerical example for each new calculation for clarity and verification.

9. Include anything else specified by the instructor during the lecture.

C. THE REQUIREMENTS OF PROPER NOTE TAKING

1. Integrity - Measurements that are forgotten or not written down could negate the effectiveness of the notes for plotting or for further calculations. This could result in having to return to the field in order to complete the survey. NOTE: Field notes may later be used as evidence of work performed in a court case or litigation.

2. Accuracy - The most important requirement. Care must be taken not only when taking the measurement, but also when writing the measurement down. Transposed numbers could mean having to survey a site twice.

3. Organization - Notes that are arranged properly (orderly) for the type of survey performed helps contribute to accuracy and integrity.

4. Clarity - Notes that are clearly written help make errors and omissions more apparent thus reducing the chance of future problems.

5. Forms - Examples of the various forms of note taking are included in this manual.

6. All submitted notebooks must contain a table of contents, similar to the following page.





II. LABORATORY RULES

A. There shall be absolutely NO HORSEPLAY.

B. All equipment is to be treated with the utmost respect using diligent care.

C. The field instruments should be carried in their cases and placed on the tripod only after the tripod has been set up and checked for sturdiness.

D. A crew will be assigned - generally consisting of four people. The crew will appoint a new leader (party chief) for each day of surveying. The party chief will be responsible for the proper performance of the survey, proper handling of the equipment, and in general make decisions in the field. The party chief will also inventory the locker after each lab session and sign and date the inventory list indicating all equipment has been returned and is in proper working order.

E. Any equipment that is not working properly should be reported to the instructor as soon as it is noticed.

III EQUIPMENT INVENTORY

All equipment is kept in room 1679A. All equipment should be in good working order. Please inventory your equipment at the beginning and at the end of each laboratory session. If any of the listed equipment is missing or is broken, notify your Laboratory instructor immediately. Each group is responsible for the equipment in their care. Failure to notify the instructor of missing or damaged equipment could result in your group having to pay for the damaged or missing items.



CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

INSTRUCTOR: GRADE EVALUATION*Dr. H. Turner Laboratory Exercises 30%

Mapping Project 50%ITEMS NEEDED: Attendance 20%Lab Field Book -----Pencil with 2H or harder Led TOTAL 100%Straight EdgeEngineer's Scale

WEEK CLASS TOPIC

1 Lab#1 Introduction to Laboratory ProceduresLab#2 Chaining on Level Ground

2 Lab#3 Break Chaining (Uneven Ground)Lab#4 Differential Leveling

3 Lab#5 Differential Leveling (Continued)Lab#6 Introduction to Angular Measurement (Total Station)

4 Lab#7 Interior Angles of a Polygon (Total Station) Lab#8 Interior Angles of a Polygon (Continued)

5 Lab#9 Introduction to Mapping Project Lab#10 Mapping Project - Data Collection

6 Lab#11 Mapping Project - Data CollectionLab#12 Mapping Project - Data Collection

7 Lab#13 Mapping Project - Data Collection Lab#14 Mapping Project - Data Collection




NOTE: The lecture and the laboratory are meant to compliment each other. If you have any questions concerning the laboratory or the lecture, please ask the instructor.



CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORYLABORATORY #1

INTRODUCTION

Location: Surveying Laboratory

Equipment Needed: None

Objectives: To Introduce Student to Course, Cover Safety Issues and Background Material

INSTRUCTOR NAME Dr. Howard Turner, P.L.S., M.R.I.C.S., F.I.A.E.

OFFICE 17-2683 Tel 909-869-2645

E-MAIL School [email protected]

MAIL ADDRESSDr. Howard Turner P.L.S., M.R.I.C.S., F.I.A.E.Department of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona3801 W. Temple Ave.Pomona, CA 91768.

DEPARTMENT SECRETARYMs. Angela HicksDepartment of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona3801 W. Temple Ave.Pomona, CA 91768.

Telephone 909-869-2488


mailto:[email protected]



CHAINING ON LEVEL GROUND (ORDINARY PRECISION)

Location: POLYGON in the rose garden.

Objectives: To use the 100 ft. steel tape to measure the sides of a polygon with thetape held flat against the ground and using plumb bobs with the tape held up off the ground.

Equipment: 100 ft. steel tapeTwo 18oz. plumb bobs3 nails per party Flagging

Instructions:

1. Instructor will set a temporary polygon.2. Each party will measure all legs of the polygon.3. Each party will move around the polygon in a clockwise direction.4. The first part of the exercise will be the flat chaining.5. The second part of the exercise will be chaining with the plumb bobs, holding the tape

approximately one to two feet from the ground. The parties will again move clockwise around the polygon.

6. Field books will include a sketch of the polygon, callouts for the points used and/or set and the average distances measured in the field.

(See next page for sample notes)






CHAINING OVER UNEVEN GROUND (BREAK CHAINING)

Objectives: To introduce the student to Break Chaining

Equipment: 100' steel tapePlumb bobs6 nails with flagging

Instructions:1. Locate the seven-sided polygon shown in the attached diagram.

2. Each party begins to measure on different sides of the polygon.

3. Each line will be measured in both directions so that the precision for the measurement may be calculated.

4. The rear chainman will provide "line" and "level".

5. The head chainman pulls with the tension labeled on the tape to eliminate the need to perform a correction for pull calculation.

6. All sides of the polygon are to be measured by all parties. It is important that this exercise is completed because the distances will be used for your lab project.

7. Reference all found points of the polygon (i.e. Fd. lead and tack in N.E. cor. of conc. elec. vault).

8. Record all raw data, draw a detailed sketch of the polygon and the surrounding area, label the polygon points and show at least one sample of each calculation performed for corrections and precision.

(See sample notes on the following pages)






THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY BENCH MARKS

Objectives: To introduce the student to leveling instruments and spirit leveling.

Equipment:Automatic LevelTripodPhiladelphia Rod

Instructions:

1. Locate the benchmark on the West Side of the College of Engineering building (building number 9). The benchmark is a brass cap set flush in the sidewalk and stamped "State of California, Department of Public Works". The elevation of this benchmark is 765.67 feet above sea level.

2. Set up the level so that the rod can be read.

3. Place the Philadelphia Rod on the benchmark and take a reading.

4. Read and record the backsight as the rod is being rocked slowly forward and backward. The lowest number is the correct reading.

5. Move the rod to the foresight position (turning point) and read and record the foresight while the rod is being rocked. Again, look for the lowest number.

6. The location of the rod in the foresight position is maintained and the level is moved and set up down line. Use the hand level to determine the required instrument height when setting up. If this step is skipped, there is a good chance that the rod will not be visible after the instrument is leveled.

7. The rod is then rotated 180° and becomes the backsight for the new position.

By a successive number of setups, elevations are transferred to the Spike on the AC path near west end of Old Horse Stables.(point "A"). The spike is a temporary benchmark or T.B.M as surveyors call it.

Running the elevations back to the original benchmark completes the level loop. The final elevation should not differ from the elevation of the brass cap by more than 0.1 foot.

(See sample of leveling notes on the following pages)



LEVELING PROCEDURE FOR THREE FOOTSCREWS

The above figure illustrates the position of the telescope in the leveling process. The procedure is as follows:

1. The telescope is positioned so the bubble is parallel with a line joining any two of the screws (see figure A).

2. The footscrews are rotated uniformly in opposite directions until the bubble is centered in the level tube.

3. The telescope is then rotated so that the bubble is now perpendicular to the line between the two screws (see figure b).

4. Steps 1, 2, and 3 are repeated as necessary until the bubble remains centered in both positions of the telescope.

5. The telescope is turned 180°. If the bubble does not remain in the center of its run, the instrument is out of adjustment.

6. The instrument may still be used but the leveling procedure must be corrected for maladjustment.

7. Note the number of divisions that the bubble is off center. Adjust the footscrews to move the bubble half the number of divisions.

8. It should be noted that the instrument is level if the bubble remains in the same position when the telescope is revolved, regardless of whether or not that position is in the center of the vial.






THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY BENCH MARKS

Objectives: To develop initial leveling exercise.Equipment:

Automatic Level Tripod Philadelphia Rod

Instructions:

1. Complete the level loop that was begun in the previous lab.2. The elevation of the temporary benchmark should be checked with the instructor.3. If the elevation is grossly in error, the whole level loop should be run again. Students learn from

the initial experience. The level loop should close within 0.1 ft. of the initial elevation of the benchmark.

4. If time allows, level around the polygon by the Old Horse Stables and establish heights for points B, C, D, E, and F.

(See example notes on the next page)





CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORYCE 144 LABORATORY #6

CLOSING THE HORIZON

Objectives: To introduce the student to total stations and the measurement of horizontal angles by closing the horizon.

Equipment: Totl Station Tripod

Instructions:

1. Each person will perform the exercise and keep their own notes.

2. Assemble the total station on the tripod, and level the transit over one of the points of the polygon.

3. Sight the back sight point with the vertical cross hair.

4. When the vertical cross hair is close to the target, tighten the fast motion screw and bring the vertical cross hair onto the target with the slow motion tangent screw.

5. Set the back sight to zero.

6. Loosen the fast motion screw and turn the angle in a clockwise direction (angle right) to the foresight point. When the cross hair is close to the target, clamp the fast motion screw and bring the vertical cross hair onto the target with the slow motion tangent screw. Record the horizontal angle.

7. Repeat the process using the foresight point as the new backsight point and again turning angle right.

8. The sum of the two angles should be 360°.

(See sample notes that follow)



SETUP PROCEDURES FOR THE TRANSIT

1. Remove the transit from its case (never hold the transit by the telescope) and place it on the tripod.

2. Place the instrument roughly over the desired point. The tripod legs are adjusted so that the instrument is at a convenient height for the group members and the tripod plate should be nearly level.

3. The optical plummet is used to position the instrument over the point. Push one tripod leg firmly into the ground. Look through the optical plummet and hold the tripod by the other two legs. With the third leg embedded in the ground, gently lift the other two legs and rotate the tripod until point is in the bull’s eye of the optical plummet.

4. When the point is in the bull’s eye, the legs of the tripod are pushed into the ground.

5. The instrument is approximately level. To level the instrument, use the fish eye bubble. The legs of the tripod are used to bring the fish eye bubble into the center circle. Loosen the wing nut on one of the legs and slide the leg up or down. Watch the bubble and rotate around each leg until the bubble is in the center. Hint: Use the leg opposite the bubble displacement. Note: If you use the leveling screws on the instrument, the bull’s eye on the optical plummet will move away from the point.

6. Slide the transit over until it is precisely over the point.

7. Make final adjustments to the leveling screws. Make sure after making any adjustments that the optical plummet is still centered over the desired point.





CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORYCE 144 LABORATORY #7

MEASUREMENT OF INTERIOR ANGLES OF A CLOSED POLYGON

Objectives: To measure the interior angles of a polygon, determine the error of angularclosure, apply corrections and to introduce the student to total stations.

Equipment: Trimble total stationTripod Battery

Instructions:

1. Each party starts on a different vertex and moves clockwise around the polygon. Each person takes observations and readings on the instrument.

2. Set up the instrument over the point using the optical plummet.

3. Turn the instrument on (chrome switch on the side). Sight in on the back sight point and set zero.

4. Turn each angle of the polygon (angle right). Measure the angle twice. If the angle differs by more than 10” repeat the measurement.

5. Divide the final reading by two to obtain the mean reading.

7. Each angle of the polygon is to be measured in the same fashion. The angles are to be summed to perform a field check. Sum of the Interior Angles=(N-4) x 90° where N=number of sides of the polygon.

8. The angular closure is calculated. The misclosure is distributed equally to each angle.

9. Care should be taken as these angular measurements are to be used for the lab project. (See next page for sample notes)






MEASUREMENT OF INTERIOR ANGLES CONTINUED

Objectives: Same as laboratory #7

Equipment: Same as laboratory #7

Instructions:

Continue with measurement of the angles. Pay particular attention to both precision and accuracy as these angular values will be used for your lab project (which is a large percentage of your grade).


Documents

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, …hturner/ce134/lab1.doc · Web viewUse the hand level to determine the required instrument height when setting up. If this step is skipped,