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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Increasing Compost Use by Caltrans Project
Board MeetingAugust 15, 2006
Agenda Item 15
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?Organic Materials in the Waste Stream
Other
Lumber
Paper
Plastic
Food
Leaves/Grass
Textiles/Carpet
Remainder
Organics
Prunings
& Branches
Compostable Organics
Other Carbon-based Organics
Compostable Organics = 30% of Disposal
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
DIVERSION POTENTIALProcessing of disposed organics could
increase State diversion rate to 63%
Increased production of compost and mulch could contribute a significant amount to diversion
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
FUTURE ORGANICS FLOWS TO LANDFILLS?
Rice straw and other agricultural residuals from burning phase-outs
Waste from logging, wood processing (e.g. sudden oak death and So. Cal. Bark Beetle issue)
Biosolids and dairy manure
Increased green waste due to population increase
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Green Procurement Action Plan
Organics Construction and Demolition (C&D) Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (RAC) Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing (EPP) Green Procurement Toolbox
(including Ogilvy)
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
OrganicsComplete project with Caltrans
to write compost/mulch specifications
Specifications go into toolboxDouble the amount of compost
and mulch purchased by Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Caltrans has the Potential to Greatly Increase
Compost/Mulch Purchases Caltrans uses compost statewide, primarily
in hydroseeding for erosion control
US Composting Council (USCC) estimates that Caltrans has a potential market for compost of between 3.35-6.72 M cu. yds.
Approximately 90% used in construction, the remainder in maintenance
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
How Much Compost is Caltrans Using?
2003 20042005
Jun-06
0
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
Cubic Yards
Caltrans Construction Database
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Construction Site Sediment
#1 Discharged Pollutant
80,000,000 Tons/Year
20-1,000 Times More Sediment than Other Land Uses
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California Integrated Waste Management BoardCompost and Mulch
Benefits the Environment in a Number of Ways
Decreases runoff and erosion Improves roadside revegetation establishment Reduces irrigation requirements Supplies significant quantities of organic matter Improves drainage of clay-based soils and
water-holding capacity of sand-based soils Improves and stabilizes soil pH Improves cation exchange capacity (CEC) of
soils, improving their ability to hold nutrients for plant use
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California Integrated Waste Management BoardCompost and Mulch
Benefits the Environment in a Number of Ways
Supplies macro- and micronutrients Supplies beneficial microorganism Suppresses certain soil-borne diseases Binds and degrades specific pollutants Reduces the need for fertilizers and
pesticides Encourages slow release of nitrogen Improves drought tolerance Improves plant health and vigor
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
A Partnership Between CIWMB, Caltrans, UCR Extension, and the
Compost Industry
CIWMB
Funding and Oversight
UC Extension Riverside
Contractor
(Project Management)
Caltrans
Client
ACP
Association of Compost Producers
(Technical Support)
USCC
United States Composting Council
(Technical Support)
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Project Goals Determine barriers to increasing compost use by
Caltrans Address identified barriers Revise Existing Compost Specifications Develop a Compost Applications “Best Management
Practices” Manual Utilize the U.S. Composting Council’s Seal of Testing
Assurance Certification (STA) Develop collaborative relationships with stakeholders Develop a Compost Classification System
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Barriers to Increased Compost Use
Cost Product quality Lack of compost specifications Compost and mulch producing
infrastructure– An increase in annual procurement of
3,000,000 cubic yards of compost would require doubling of compost production
Education
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Cost Barrier Current weighted average (applied)
>$300/CY High price due to:
– Bagged materials– Application method (primarily
hydroseeding) Caltrans goals:
– Reduce cost to $40/CY (applied)– More bulk purchases, less bagged
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Product Quality Barrier
Caltrans did not require STA-certified compost
Answer: USCC Seal of Testing Assurance Program (STA)– TMECC (standard testing methodologies)– STA certified labs– Testing of compost product
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Compost Specifications Barrier
No requirement for STA-certified compost (product quality issues)
No specifications for compost blankets, filter socks, or filter berms
All specifications in need of updating
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
New/Revised Compost Specifications
STA– Compost technical
data sheet– Detailed certificate
of compliance– Lab test results
pH Moisture content Organic matter
content
Soluble salts Maturity Stability Particle size Phytotoxicity Pathogens (pass
CIWMB standard) Heavy metals (pass
CIWMB standard)
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
ACP Compost IndexThe Compost Product Index (CPI)
is designed to:
– Help compost users quickly identify products that will meet their particular needs
– Eliminate inappropriate use
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Compost Product Index (CPI)
Reflects the most important physical, chemical, and biological properties of the compost needed to determine its appropriate use
– 12 test parameters of compost measured by STA-certified laboratories using TMECC
– Broken into six categories from low to high values and indexed
– CPI can be used to reference a specific product for a specific application
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
CPI Test Methods and Result Ranges
No. Parameter Test Method* Title Units 1 2 3 4 5 61 Total N TMECC 04.02-D Nitrogen % TN (dw basis)1 0% (ND)2 >0,<0.5% 0.5-1.0% >1.0-<2.0% 2.0-5.0% >5.0%2 Total P TMECC 04.03-A Phosphorous % P (dw basis) 0% (ND) >0,<0.25% 0.25-0.5% >0.5-<1.0% 1.0-2.0% >2.0%3 Na TMECC 04.05-Na Sodium % Na (dw basis) 0% (ND) >0,<0.05% 0.05-0.1% >0.1-<0.2% 0.2-0.5% >0.5%4 Cl TMECC 04.05-Cl Chlorine (water soluable chloride) % Cl (dw basis) 0% (ND) >0,<0.05% 0.05-0.1% >0.1-<0.2% 0.2-0.5% >0.5%5 Boron TMECC 04.05-B Boron mg kg-1 dw 0 (ND) >0-20 >20-40 >40-100 >100-200 >2006 EC TMECC 04.10 Electrical Conductivity dS m-1 (mMhos cm-1) 0 (ND) >0-<3.0 3.0-<5.0 5.0-<10.0 10.0-20.0 >20.07 pH TMECC 04.11-A pH 0-14 0-4 >4-6 >6-7 >7-8 >8-<10 >108 Stability TMECC 05.08 F Biologically Active Carbon mg CO2-C g-1 OC d-1 0 (ND) >0-2 >2-4 <4-6 >6-10 >109 Particle Size No TMECC method (?)Particle Size Distribution passing 4mm % by dry wt. <50% 50-70 70-80 80-90 90-98 >98%
10 Phytotoxicity TMECC 05.05-B Phytotoxicity: Germination Rate Growth % 0% >0-<70% 70%-80% >80%-90% >90-95% >95%11 Organic Matter TMECC 05.07-A Organic Matter % g g-1 dw 0 (ND) >0-20% >20-40% >40-60% >60-80% >80%12 Safety TMECC 07.00/503 Safety Parameters Pass/Fail - - - - - -
Footnotes:* Test method is referenced to the TMECC methods (http://tmecc.org/tmecc/index.html) 1 dw = dry weight2 ND = non detectable using that test method
Ranges
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Determining CPI of a Compost Sample
Samples must be tested at a USCC certified laboratory
Test results determine Compost Index or class
Expressed automatically by the lab performing the test
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Best UsesIn future versions of the CUI, the
Product Index of a given material will be used to generate a list of “best uses”
The “Best Use List” identifies a set of suitable compost uses based on the experience of industry experts
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Compost-Based BMPsReduce Runoff VolumeReduce Runoff RateImprove InfiltrationImprove Soil FertilityImprove Vegetation
Establishment
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Hydroseed (Type C & Type D)
Used to control erosion on disturbed slopes
Type C - straw required Type D – straw not
required Seed Compost – fine material
Bagged material only Stabilizing emulsion
Compost and hydroseeding application, Lake Tahoe, courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Backfill Also referred to as
amendment or “soil prep” Compost used as a
component of backfill Use as a soil
amendment/backfill for container sized plant material
Planting backfill benefits trees and shrubs that would otherwise be planted in poor soils
Backfill, photo courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Blanket (Incorporated) Placed in disturbed areas Incorporated to a depth
of 18 inches Alternative to netting,
stabilizing emulsions or polymers
Typically vegetated by broadcasting seed onto the surface after incorporation
Compost incorporation, Placer County, Route 267, photo courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Benefits of Compost Blankets
Provides soil protection from rain “splash impact”
Adds organic material to soil
Promotes percolation/infiltration
Reduces need for irrigation
Removes pollutants, improving downstream water quality
Slope after incorporation of compost, photo courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Blanket (Not Incorporated) Layer of loosely applied
compost placed over disturbed areas to control erosion
Seed can be incorporated into compost before placement or broadcast onto surface after placement
Compost blanket (not incorporated), courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Filter Berm Compost placed
perpendicular to sheet flow runoff to control erosion
Alternative to silt fencing Generally placed along
perimeter of site or at intervals along slope
Can be used as a check dam in small drainage ditches
Can be vegetated or unvegetated
Retains sediment and other pollutants while allowing cleaned water to flow through Installation of filter berm, photo courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Biofiltration Strips (Biostrips)
Vegetated land areas over which storm water flows as sheet flow
Removes pollutants Traps litter, total
suspended solids, and particulate metals
Compost may be used to improve filtration and vegetation establishment
Vegetated Preferred plant material
has a dense continuous top growth
Biofiltration strip, photo courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Biofiltration Swales (Bioswales)
Vegetated channels or drainage swales, typically trapezoidal or v-shaped channels that receive and convey storm water while
Other characteristics are similar to biostrips
Biofiltration swale, courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Mulch Applied to highway roadside to prevent erosion, suppress weed growth,
and biodegrade slowly Coarse to very coarse particle size Ideally would not have to be reapplied for 2-3 years Not seeded or hydroseeded after application Used to cover ground between existing container-sized plants Minimal trash may be okay
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Drill Seed Seed applied with
agricultural drill seeding equipment after compost is applied and incorporated into topsoil
Used on flat areas, such as highway medians
Purpose is to amend the soil to enhance seed germination and vegetation establishment
Drill seeding equipment, courtesy of Caltrans
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Filter Sock Stabilization of disturbed
slopes, storm water pollutant reduction/removal
Can be used in place of silt fence or straw bale barrier
Can be vegetated or non-vegetated
Pollutants removed by filtration and adsorption to compost particles
Traps total suspended solids, particulate metals, oil Filter sock – courtesy of Dr. Britt Faucette, Filtrexx
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Education Barrier Correct misinformation such as:
– “Compost mulch not suitable for 2:1 slopes”– “Compost isn’t suited for native plants”
Roll out new/revised specifications Educate Caltrans staff and its contractors
on compost-based BMPs Compost applications best practices manual Follow-up
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Compost Applications Best Practices Manual
Designed primarily for use by Caltrans and its contractors
Ties into compost classification system and Caltrans specifications
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Caltrans Workshops Improving Revegetation and
Stormwater Quality Through Compost-Based BMPs
– Los Angeles - August 22, 2006– San Diego - August 24, 2006– Oakland - September 26, 2006– Fresno - September 28, 2006– Sacramento – October 11, 2006
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Track Results and Follow-up
Caltrans use of compost and mulch will be measured in 2007 and succeeding years
Will develop recommendations on further increasing compost use by Caltrans
California Integrated Waste Management Board
For Further Information
www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Organics/
California Integrated Waste Management Board
Any Questions?
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California Integrated Waste Management Board
Improving Revegetation and Stormwater Quality with
Compost-Based BMPs
THANK YOU
California Integrated Waste Management Board
Board Meeting
Increasing Compost Use by CaltransAugust 15, 2006
Agenda Item 15
www.ciwmb.ca.gov