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1. Who established the trade route known as the Santa Fe Trail?
2. Who built the first mission in California?3. What impact did the arrival of the Spanish have on
Native Americans?4. Who did most of the work on the cattle ranches of
the Southwest?5. What was manifest destiny?6. Why did the people choose Polk over Clay?
• The Southwest included most of present-day Arizona and New Mexico, all of Nevada and Utah, and parts of Colorado.
• The Southwest is hot and dry with deserts and mountains.
• Spanish explorer Juan de Onate claimed the region for Spain in 1598.
• The Spanish built the town of Santa Fe in the early 1600s and made it the capital of the territory. They refused to allowed Americans into the New Mexico Territory. In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain.
• In 1821, William Becknell led some traders from Missouri to Santa Fe. His route became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
Question: Who established the trade
route known as the Santa Fe Trail?
• Spanish explorers claimed California for Mexico in 1542.
• Father Junipero Serra was instructed to build a series of missions on the California coast to give the Spanish a toehold in the frontier land.
• He build his first mission at San Diego. The mission included a church and surrounding lands. There were barracks where the Native Americans lived.
• Each mission was self-sufficient, producing enough for its own needs and they supplied meat, grains, and other foods to the Spanish forts built near each mission. A pueblo or town was built near each mission.
Question: Who built the first mission in California?
Father Serra and his Franciscan fathers
Introduced livestock, fruits, vegetables,
cattle, horses and ranching to the
California region.
They provided religious instruction and
reading instruction so that the Native
Americans could become tax paying
citizens of the Spanish crown.
mission life was hard. Thousands of
Native Americans died from disease and
overwork.
Question: What impact did the arrival of
the Spanish have on Native Americans?
• The Mexican government felt that the region was growing to slowly. They took land away from the missions and turned it over to wealthy people who set up huge cattle ranches.
• Most of the work on the ranches, tending cattle and other animals, was done by Native Americans called vaqueros.
• Vaqueros were Indian and Mexican cowhands. They were excellent riders and ropers who developed traditions later adopted by cowboys of the open range.
Question: Who did most of the work on the
cattle ranches of the Southwest?
• The United States offered to buy California from Mexico several times in the 1840s
• U.S. officials wanted access to the ports of San Francisco and San Diego so they could increase trade with Asia
• The belief that is was the mission or destiny of United States to extend the boundaries of freedom from coast to coast (manifest destiny)
• U.S. officials feared that the British would gain control of California
• Large numbers of immigrants were arriving in the U.S. everyday and there was a need to expand into new territories to accommodate this large growth in population.
• Many white Americans believed they were superior to Native Americans and Mexicans
• http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/resources/video_library.html
To view the video click the above link
Then go to Manifest Destiny and American Continental Expansion
Question: What was manifest destiny?
• The Whigs nominated Henry Clay for President in 1844
• The Democrats chose James K. Polk a small town lawyer who believed that the British were trying to hem the United States in by taking control of Texas, California, and Oregon
• Polk wanted to add Texas and Oregon to the U.S.
• Clay opposed the annexation of Texas
• Britain and the U.S. held Oregon jointly. Polk demanded the whole region be under U.S. control. The Democratic campaign slogan became “Fifty-four forty or fight!” meaning 54 40’N.
• Polk was elected president
Question: Why did the people choose Polk over
Clay?
