Calendar No. 389 TH ST CONGRESS SESSION S. 482 · Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes En-forcement Network. Sec. 703. Extension of limitations on importation

II

Calendar No. 389 116TH CONGRESS

1ST SESSION S. 482 To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to combat inter-

national cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with respect

to the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

FEBRUARY 13, 2019

Mr. GRAHAM (for himself, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. CARDIN, and

Mrs. SHAHEEN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

DECEMBER 18, 2019

Reported by Mr. RISCH, with an amendment

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic]

A BILL To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to

combat international cybercrime, and to impose addi-

tional sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation,

and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1

tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482pam

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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 2

‘‘Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression 3

Act of 2019’’. 4

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 5

this Act is as follows: 6

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.

Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea.

TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY

ORGANIZATION

Subtitle A—Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO

Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North Atlantic Treaty.

Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds.

Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent Senate in oppo-

sition to withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty.

Sec. 104. Reporting requirement.

Subtitle B—Strengthening the NATO Alliance

Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States diplomatic

posture.

Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer program.

Sec. 113. Definitions.

TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy Modernization

Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts.

Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy.

Subtitle B—Other Matters

Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to cyberspace policy.

Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State.


TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION

Sec. 301. Short title.

Sec. 302. Findings.

Sec. 303. Statement of policy.

Sec. 304. Report on sanctions relating to use of chemical weapons by the Rus-

sian Federation.

Sec. 305. Report on production and use of chemical and biological weapons by

the Russian Federation.

Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations.


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Sec. 307. Chemical Weapons Convention defined.

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT


Sec. 402. Predicate offenses.

Sec. 403. Forfeiture.

Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets.

Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.

Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture.

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE

Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems.

Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in United States elec-

tions.

TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

Subtitle A—Expansion of Countering America’s Adversaries Through

Sanctions Act

Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions.

Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian Federation with

democratic processes and elections.

Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian Federation with re-

spect to Ukraine.

Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments.

Sec. 605. Congressional review and continued applicability of sanctions under

the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012.

Subtitle B—Coordination With the European Union

Sec. 611. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with respect to sanc-

tions with respect to the Russian Federation.

Sec. 612. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department of State.

Sec. 613. Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States and

European Union.

Subtitle C—Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian

Federation


Sec. 622. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian

Federation.

Sec. 623. Report on section 224 of the Countering America’s Adversaries

Through Sanctions Act.












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Subtitle D—General Provisions

Sec. 641. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

Sec. 642. Rule of construction.

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian Federation as a state

sponsor of terrorism.

Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes En-

forcement Network.

Sec. 703. Extension of limitations on importation of uranium from Russian

Federation.

Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond to threats

from the Government of the Russian Federation.

Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund.

Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia.

Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian Federation of

INTERPOL red notices and red diffusions.

Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity

by the Russian Federation in Syria.

Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in Syria.

Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov.

Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of Vladimir Putin.

Sec. 712. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology companies for state-

sponsored disinformation.

SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 1

It is the sense of Congress that— 2

(1) the President should immediately marshal 3

and support a whole-of-government response by Fed-4

eral agencies to address the threat posed by the Gov-5

ernment of the Russian Federation and to work to 6

prevent interference by that Government and other 7

foreign state actors in United States institutions and 8

democratic processes; 9

(2) the President should publicly call for the 10

Government of the Russian Federation to return 11

Crimea to the control of the Government of Ukraine, 12

end its support for Russian-led forces violence in 13


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eastern Ukraine, end its occupation of and support 1

for Russian-led forces on the territory of Georgia 2

and Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal regime 3

of Bashar al-Assad in Syria to commit war crimes; 4

(3) the Russian Federation should— 5

(A) immediately release the Ukrainian sail-6

ors that were detained following an attack by 7

Russian forces on Ukrainian vessels in the 8

Kerch Strait; and 9

(B) abide by its commitments to freedom 10

of navigation in international waters and allow 11

for passage of Ukrainian vessels through the 12

strait; 13

(4) the President should unequivocally condemn 14

and counter the ongoing interference in United 15

States institutions and democratic processes by the 16

President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir 17

Putin, his government, and affiliates of his govern-18

ment; 19

(5) the conclusion of the United States intel-20

ligence community and law enforcement agencies 21

and other United States Government officials that 22

the Russian Federation has perpetrated, and con-23

tinues to perpetrate, such interference, is correct; 24


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(6) the United States should continue to par-1

ticipate actively as a member of the North Atlantic 2

Treaty Organization by— 3

(A) upholding the Organization’s core prin-4

ciples of collective defense, democratic rule of 5

law, and peaceful settlement of disputes; 6

(B) boosting coordination and deterrence 7

capacity among member countries; and 8

(C) supporting accession processes of pro-9

spective member countries who meet the obliga-10

tions of membership; 11

(7) Congress reiterates its strong support for 12

the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 13

9511), which allows for congressional review of an 14

action to waive the application of sanctions under 15

the provisions of the Countering America’s Adver-16

saries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 17

131 Stat. 886) relating to the Russian Federation or 18

a licensing action that significantly alters United 19

States foreign policy with regard to the Russian 20

Federation; and 21

(8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Rus-22

sian Federation have been most effective when devel-23

oped and coordinated in close consultation with the 24

European Union. 25


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SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA. 1

It is the policy of the United States that— 2

(1) the United States will never recognize the 3

illegal attempted annexation of Crimea by the Rus-4

sian Federation, similar to the 1940 Welles Declara-5

tion in which the United States refused to recognize 6

the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States; 7

(2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of 8

Ukraine; 9

(3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United 10

States rejects attempts to change the status, demo-11

graphics, or political nature of Crimea; 12

(4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering 13

support for democracy, human rights, and the rule 14

of law for all individuals in Crimea, including non- 15

Russian ethnic groups and religious minorities; 16

(5) the United States condemns all human 17

rights violations against individuals in Crimea, and 18

underscores the culpability of the Government of the 19

Russian Federation for such violations while the ter-20

ritory of Crimea is under illegal Russian occupation; 21

(6) the United States, in coordination with the 22

European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-23

zation, and members of the international commu-24

nity, should prioritize efforts to prevent the further 25

consolidation of illegal occupying powers in Crimea, 26


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reaffirm unified opposition to the actions of the Rus-1

sian Federation in Crimea, and secure the human 2

rights of individuals there; and 3

(7) the United States welcomes the sanctions 4

that have been imposed and maintained as of the 5

date of the enactment of this Act by the United 6

States and the European Union against persons en-7

gaged in furthering the illegal occupation of Crimea 8

by the Russian Federation. 9

TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING 10

TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 11

ORGANIZATION 12

Subtitle A—Opposition of the 13

Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 14

SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL 15

FROM NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. 16

The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the 17

United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at 18

Washington, DC, April 4, 1949. 19

SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS. 20

No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may 21

be used to support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on 22

the part of any United States Government official to take 23

steps to withdraw the United States from the North At-24

lantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4, 1949, 25


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until such time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative 1

vote of two-thirds of Members, a resolution advising and 2

consenting to the withdrawal of the United States from 3

the treaty. 4

SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL 5

TO REPRESENT SENATE IN OPPOSITION TO 6

WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC 7

TREATY. 8

The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent 9

the Senate in initiating or intervening in any judicial pro-10

ceedings in any Federal court of competent jurisdiction, 11

on behalf of the Senate, in order to oppose any withdrawal 12

of the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty in 13

the absence of the passage by the Senate of a resolution 14

described in section 102. 15

SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 16

The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as 17

practicable to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 18

Senate with respect to any judicial proceedings which the 19

Senate Legal Counsel initiates or in which it intervenes 20

pursuant to this title. 21


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Subtitle B—Strengthening the 1

NATO Alliance 2

SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND 3

UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC POSTURE. 4

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 5

date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days there-6

after, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Sec-7

retary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 8

congressional committees providing an assessment of the 9

threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and 10

United States diplomatic posture. 11

(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under sub-12

section (a) shall include the following elements: 13

(1) A review of current and emerging United 14

States national security interests in the NATO area 15

of responsibility. 16

(2) A review of current United States political 17

and diplomatic engagement and political-military co-18

ordination with NATO and NATO member states. 19

(3) Options for the realignment of United 20

States engagement with NATO to respond to new 21

threats and challenges presented by the Government 22

of the Russian Federation to the NATO alliance, as 23

well as new opportunities presented by allies and 24

partners. 25


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(4) The views of counterpart governments, in-1

cluding heads of state, heads of government, political 2

leaders, and military commanders in the region. 3

SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES 4

TRANSFER PROGRAM. 5

(a) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 6

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 7

in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit 8

to the appropriate congressional committees a report with 9

recommendations regarding the need for and suitability of 10

transferring excess defense articles under this section to 11

countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis 12

on the foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those mem-13

ber states currently purchasing defense articles or services 14

from the Russian Federation. 15

(b) PERIOD FOR REVIEW BY CONGRESS OF REC-16

OMMENDATIONS FOR EDA TRANSFER TO NATO MEM-17

BERS.—During the 30-calendar-day period following sub-18

mission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required 19

under subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations 20

of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 21

the House of Representatives shall, as appropriate, hold 22

hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain information 23

in order to fully review the recommendations included in 24

the report. 25


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(c) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—The President is au-1

thorized to transfer such excess defense articles in a fiscal 2

year as the Secretary of Defense recommends pursuant 3

to this section to countries for which receipt of such arti-4

cles was justified pursuant to the annual congressional 5

presentation documents for military assistance programs, 6

or for which receipt of such articles was separately justi-7

fied to Congress, for such fiscal year. 8

(d) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The President 9

may transfer excess defense articles under this section 10

only if— 11

(1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks 12

of the Department of Defense; 13

(2) funds available to the Department of De-14

fense for the procurement of defense equipment are 15

not expended in connection with the transfer; 16

(3) the President determines that the transfer 17

of such articles will not have an adverse impact on 18

the military readiness of the United States; 19

(4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such 20

articles on a grant basis, the President determines 21

that the transfer is preferable to a transfer on a 22

sales basis, after taking into account the potential 23

proceeds from, and likelihood of, such sales, and the 24

comparative foreign policy benefits that may accrue 25


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to the United States as the result of a transfer on 1

either a grant or sales basis; and 2

(5) the President determines that the transfer 3

of such articles will not have an adverse impact on 4

the national technology and industrial base and, par-5

ticularly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities 6

in the national technology and industrial base to sell 7

new or used equipment to the countries to which 8

such articles are transferred. 9

(e) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.— 10

(1) NO COST TO RECIPIENT COUNTRY.—Excess 11

defense articles may be transferred under this sec-12

tion without cost to the recipient country. 13

(2) PRIORITY.—Notwithstanding any other pro-14

vision of law, the delivery of excess defense articles 15

under this section to member countries of NATO 16

that still purchase defense goods and services from 17

the Russian Federation and pledge to decrease such 18

purchases shall be given priority to the maximum ex-19

tent feasible over the delivery of such excess defense 20

articles to other countries. 21

(3) TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED COSTS.— 22

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 23

subparagraph (B), funds available to the De-24

partment of Defense may not be expended for 25


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crating, packing, handling, and transportation 1

of excess defense articles transferred under the 2

authority of this section. 3

(B) EXCEPTION.—The President may pro-4

vide for the transportation of excess defense ar-5

ticles without charge to a country for the costs 6

of such transportation if— 7

(i) it is determined that it is in the 8

national interest of the United States to do 9

so; 10

(ii) the recipient is a NATO member 11

state currently purchasing defense goods 12

and services from the Russian Federation 13

that has pledged to reduce such purchases; 14

(iii) the total weight of the transfer 15

does not exceed 50,000 pounds; and 16

(iv) such transportation is accom-17

plished on a space available basis. 18

SEC. 113. DEFINITIONS. 19

In this subtitle: 20

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT-21

TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-22

mittees’’ means— 23

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 24

the Committee on Armed Services, and the 25


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Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; 1

and 2

(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 3

Committee on Armed Services, and the Com-4

mittee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-5

resentatives. 6

(2) NATO.—The term ‘‘NATO’’ means the 7

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 8

TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING 9

TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 10

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy 11

Modernization 12

SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND EF-13

FORTS. 14

The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Pub-15

lic Affairs of the Department of State shall— 16

(1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency 17

of operations, including through improved coordina-18

tion of efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and 19

offices of the Department; and 20

(2) maximize shared use of resources between, 21

and within, such public diplomacy bureaus and of-22

fices in cases in which programs, facilities, or admin-23

istrative functions are duplicative or substantially 24

overlapping. 25


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SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF 1

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. 2

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall— 3

(1) conduct regular research and evaluation of 4

public diplomacy programs and activities of the De-5

partment, including through the routine use of audi-6

ence research, digital analytics, and impact evalua-7

tions, to plan and execute such programs and activi-8

ties; and 9

(2) make the findings of the research and eval-10

uations conducted under paragraph (1) available to 11

Congress. 12

(b) DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 13

(1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 90 days 14

after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-15

retary shall appoint a Director of Research and 16

Evaluation in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 17

Resources for the Under Secretary for Public Diplo-18

macy and Public Affairs. 19

(2) LIMITATION ON APPOINTMENT.—The ap-20

pointment of a Director of Research and Evaluation 21

pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an in-22

crease in the overall full-time equivalent positions 23

within the Department. 24

(3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of Re-25

search and Evaluation shall— 26


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(A) coordinate and oversee the research 1

and evaluation of public diplomacy programs of 2

the Department of State— 3

(i) to improve public diplomacy strate-4

gies and tactics; and 5

(ii) to ensure that programs are in-6

creasing the knowledge, understanding, 7

and trust of the United States among rel-8

evant target audiences; 9

(B) report to the Director of Policy and 10

Planning in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 11

Resources under the Under Secretary for Public 12

Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Depart-13

ment; 14

(C) routinely organize and oversee audi-15

ence research, digital analytics, and impact 16

evaluations across all public diplomacy bureaus 17

and offices of the Department; 18

(D) support embassy public affairs sec-19

tions; 20

(E) share appropriate public diplomacy re-21

search and evaluation information within the 22

Department and with other Federal depart-23

ments and agencies; 24


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(F) regularly design and coordinate stand-1

ardized research questions, methodologies, and 2

procedures to ensure that public diplomacy ac-3

tivities across all public diplomacy bureaus and 4

offices are designed to meet appropriate foreign 5

policy objectives; and 6

(G) report biannually to the United States 7

Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 8

through the Commission’s Subcommittee on Re-9

search and Evaluation established pursuant to 10

subsection (f), regarding the research and eval-11

uation of all public diplomacy bureaus and of-12

fices of the Department. 13

(4) GUIDANCE AND TRAINING.—Not later than 14

one year after the appointment of the Director of 15

Research and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1), 16

the Director shall create guidance and training for 17

all public diplomacy officers regarding the reading 18

and interpretation of public diplomacy program eval-19

uation findings to ensure that such findings and les-20

sons learned are implemented in the planning and 21

evaluation of all public diplomacy programs and ac-22

tivities throughout the Department. 23

(c) PRIORITIZING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 24


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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of Policy, 1

Planning, and Resources shall ensure that research 2

and evaluation, as coordinated and overseen by the 3

Director of Research and Evaluation, supports stra-4

tegic planning and resource allocation across all pub-5

lic diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department. 6

(2) ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.—Amounts al-7

located for the purposes of research and evaluation 8

of public diplomacy programs and activities pursu-9

ant to subsection (a) shall be made available to be 10

disbursed at the direction of the Director of Re-11

search and Evaluation among the research and eval-12

uation staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and 13

offices of the Department. 14

(3) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 15

Congress that— 16

(A) the Under Secretary for Public Diplo-17

macy and Public Affairs of the Department of 18

State should coordinate the human and finan-19

cial resources that support the Department’s 20

public diplomacy and public affairs programs 21

and activities; 22

(B) proposals or plans related to resource 23

allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and of-24

fices should be routed through the Office of the 25


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Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and 1

Public Affairs for review and clearance; and 2

(C) the Department should allocate, for 3

the purposes of research and evaluation of pub-4

lic diplomacy activities and programs pursuant 5

to subsection (a)— 6

(i) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 7

made available under the heading ‘‘EDU-8

CATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE 9

PROGRAMS’’; and 10

(ii) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 11

allocated for public diplomacy programs 12

under the heading ‘‘DIPLOMATIC AND 13

CONSULAR PROGRAMS’’. 14

(d) LIMITED EXEMPTION.—Chapter 35 of title 44, 15

United States Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Paperwork 16

Reduction Act’’) shall not apply to collections of informa-17

tion directed at foreign individuals conducted by, or on 18

behalf of, the Department of State for the purpose of audi-19

ence research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connec-20

tion with the Department’s activities conducted pursuant 21

to the United States Information and Educational Ex-22

change Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the Mutual 23

Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 24

U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense 25


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Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114– 1

328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act 2

of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.). 3

(e) LIMITED EXEMPTION TO THE PRIVACY ACT.— 4

The Department shall maintain, collect, use, and dissemi-5

nate records (as such term is defined in section 552a(a)(4) 6

of title 5, United States Code) for research and data anal-7

ysis of public diplomacy efforts intended for foreign audi-8

ences. Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably 9

tailored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall 10

be carried out with due regard for privacy and civil lib-11

erties guidance and oversight. 12

(f) ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLO-13

MACY.— 14

(1) SUBCOMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EVAL-15

UATION.—The Advisory Commission on Public Di-16

plomacy shall establish a Subcommittee for Research 17

and Evaluation to monitor and advise on the re-18

search and evaluation activities of the Department 19

and the United States Agency for Global Media. 20

(2) REPORT.—The Subcommittee for Research 21

and Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph 22

(1) shall submit an annual report to Congress in 23

conjunction with the Commission on Public Diplo-24

macy’s Comprehensive Annual Report on the per-25


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formance of the Department and the United States 1

Agency for Global Media in carrying out research 2

and evaluations of their respective public diplomacy 3

programming. 4

(3) REPEAL OF SUNSET.—Section 1334 of the 5

Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 6

1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553) is hereby repealed. 7

(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 8

(1) AUDIENCE RESEARCH.—The term ‘‘audi-9

ence research’’ means research conducted at the out-10

set of a public diplomacy program or campaign plan-11

ning and design on specific audience segments to un-12

derstand the attitudes, interests, knowledge, and be-13

haviors of such audience segments. 14

(2) DIGITAL ANALYTICS.—The term ‘‘digital 15

analytics’’ means the analysis of qualitative and 16

quantitative data, accumulated in digital format, to 17

indicate the outputs and outcomes of a public diplo-18

macy program or campaign. 19

(3) IMPACT EVALUATION.—The term ‘‘impact 20

evaluation’’ means an assessment of the changes in 21

the audience targeted by a public diplomacy program 22

or campaign that can be attributed to such program 23

or campaign. 24


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(4) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY BUREAUS AND OF-1

FICES.—The term ‘‘public diplomacy bureaus and 2

offices’’ means the Bureau of Educational and Cul-3

tural Affairs, the Bureau of Public Affairs, the Bu-4

reau of International Information Programs, the Of-5

fice of Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global 6

Engagement Center, and the public diplomacy func-7

tions within the regional and functional bureaus. 8

Subtitle B—Other Matters 9

SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH 10

RESPECT TO CYBERSPACE POLICY. 11

(a) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL 12

ECONOMY.—Section 1 of the State Department Basic Au-13

thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended— 14

(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as sub-15

section (h); and 16

(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the fol-17

lowing: 18

‘‘(g) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL 19

ECONOMY.— 20

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within 21

the Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace 22

and the Digital Economy (referred to in this sub-23

section as the ‘Office’). The head of the Office shall 24

have the rank and status of ambassador and shall 25


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be appointed by the President, by and with the ad-1

vice and consent of the Senate. 2

‘‘(2) DUTIES.— 3

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Of-4

fice shall perform such duties and exercise such 5

powers as the Secretary of State shall prescribe, 6

including implementing the United States inter-7

national cyberspace policy strategy issued by 8

the Department of State in March 2016 pursu-9

ant to section 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 10

2015 (division N of Public Law 114–113; 129 11

Stat. 2978). 12

‘‘(B) DUTIES DESCRIBED.—The principal 13

duties and responsibilities of the head of the 14

Office shall be— 15

‘‘(i) to serve as the principal cyber 16

policy official within the senior manage-17

ment of the Department of State and as 18

the advisor to the Secretary of State for 19

cyber issues; 20

‘‘(ii) to lead the Department of 21

State’s diplomatic cyberspace efforts, in-22

cluding efforts relating to international cy-23

bersecurity, Internet access, Internet free-24

dom, digital economy, cybercrime, deter-25


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rence and international responses to cyber 1

threats, and other issues that the Sec-2

retary assigns to the Office; 3

‘‘(iii) to promote an open, interoper-4

able, reliable, unfettered, and secure infor-5

mation and communications technology in-6

frastructure for all critical infrastructure 7

globally; 8

‘‘(iv) to represent the Secretary of 9

State in interagency efforts to develop and 10

advance cyberspace policy described in sub-11

paragraph (A); 12

‘‘(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts 13

and other relevant functions, including 14

countering terrorists’ use of cyberspace, 15

within the Department of State and with 16

other components of the United States 17

Government; 18

‘‘(vi) to act as a liaison to public and 19

private sector entities on relevant cyber-20

space issues; 21

‘‘(vii) to lead United States Govern-22

ment efforts to establish a global deter-23

rence framework; 24


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‘‘(viii) to develop and execute adver-1

sary-specific strategies to influence adver-2

sary decisionmaking through the imposi-3

tion of costs and deterrence strategies; 4

‘‘(ix) to advise the Secretary and co-5

ordinate with foreign governments on ex-6

ternal responses to national security level 7

cyber incidents, including coordination on 8

diplomatic response efforts to support al-9

lies threatened by malicious cyber activity, 10

in conjunction with members of the North 11

Atlantic Treaty Organization and other 12

like-minded countries; 13

‘‘(x) to promote the adoption of na-14

tional processes and programs that enable 15

threat detection, prevention, and response 16

to malicious cyber activity emanating from 17

the territory of a foreign country, including 18

as such activity relates to the European al-19

lies of the United States, as appropriate; 20

‘‘(xi) to promote the building of for-21

eign capacity to protect the global network 22

with the goal of enabling like-minded par-23

ticipation in deterrence frameworks; 24


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‘‘(xii) to promote the maintenance of 1

an open and interoperable Internet gov-2

erned by the multi-stakeholder model, in-3

stead of by centralized government control; 4

‘‘(xiii) to promote an international 5

regulatory environment for technology in-6

vestments and the Internet that benefits 7

United States economic and national secu-8

rity interests; 9

‘‘(xiv) to promote cross border flow of 10

data and combat international initiatives 11

seeking to impose unreasonable require-12

ments on United States businesses; 13

‘‘(xv) to promote international policies 14

to protect the integrity of United States 15

and international telecommunications in-16

frastructure from foreign-based, cyber-en-17

abled threats; 18

‘‘(xvi) to serve as the interagency co-19

ordinator for the United States Govern-20

ment on engagement with foreign govern-21

ments on cyberspace and digital economy 22

issues described in the Defending Amer-23

ican Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 24

of 2019; 25


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‘‘(xvii) to promote international poli-1

cies to secure radio frequency spectrum for 2

United States businesses and national se-3

curity needs; 4

‘‘(xviii) to promote and protect the ex-5

ercise of human rights, including freedom 6

of speech and religion, through the Inter-7

net; 8

‘‘(xix) to build capacity of United 9

States diplomatic officials to engage on 10

cyber issues; 11

‘‘(xx) to encourage the development 12

and adoption by foreign countries of inter-13

nationally recognized standards, policies, 14

and best practices; and 15

‘‘(xxi) to promote and advance inter-16

national policies that protect individuals’ 17

private data. 18

‘‘(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The head of the Office 19

should be an individual of demonstrated competency 20

in the fields of— 21

‘‘(A) cybersecurity and other relevant cyber 22

issues; and 23

‘‘(B) international diplomacy. 24

‘‘(4) ORGANIZATIONAL PLACEMENT.— 25


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‘‘(A) INITIAL PLACEMENT.—During the 4- 1

year period beginning on the date of the enact-2

ment of the Defending American Security from 3

Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the head of 4

the Office shall report to the Under Secretary 5

for Political Affairs or to an official holding a 6

higher position than the Under Secretary for 7

Political Affairs in the Department of State. 8

‘‘(B) SUBSEQUENT PLACEMENT.—After 9

the conclusion of the 4-year period referred to 10

in subparagraph (A), the head of the Office 11

shall report to— 12

‘‘(i) an appropriate Under Secretary; 13

or 14

‘‘(ii) an official holding a higher posi-15

tion than Under Secretary. 16

‘‘(5) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 17

this subsection may be construed to preclude— 18

‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a 19

Bureau within the Department of State; or 20

‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele-21

vated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an As-22

sistant Secretary position does not increase the 23

number of Assistant Secretary positions at the 24


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Department above the number authorized under 1

subsection (c)(1).’’. 2

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-3

gress that the Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Econ-4

omy established under section 1(g) of the State Depart-5

ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as added by sub-6

section (a)— 7

(1) should be a Bureau of the Department of 8

State headed by an Assistant Secretary, subject to 9

the rule of construction specified in paragraph 10

(5)(B) of such section 1(g); and 11

(2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the 12

Department of State and use all tools at the disposal 13

of the Office to combat activities taken by the Rus-14

sian Federation, or on behalf of the Russian Federa-15

tion, to undermine the cybersecurity and democratic 16

values of the United States and other nations. 17

(c) UNITED NATIONS.—The Permanent Representa-18

tive of the United States to the United Nations should 19

use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to 20

oppose any measure that is inconsistent with the United 21

States international cyberspace policy strategy issued by 22

the Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to sec-23

tion 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of 24

Public Law 114–113; 129 Stat. 2978). 25


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SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPART-1

MENT OF STATE. 2

(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 3

(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 4

meaning given the term in section 5721 of title 5, 5

United States Code. 6

(2) APPROPRIATION.—The term ‘‘appropria-7

tion’’ includes funds made available by statute and 8

under section 9104 of title 31, United States Code. 9

(3) SCHEDULE A.—The term ‘‘Schedule A’’ 10

means positions other than those of a confidential or 11

policy-determining character for which it is impracti-12

cable to examine, pursuant to section 213.3101 of 13

title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor 14

regulation. 15

(b) AUTHORITY.— 16

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 17

appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure 18

the services of Schedule A employees in the amount 19

and for the offices specified in paragraph (2) for the 20

purpose of hiring individuals with special qualifica-21

tions, including prior work experience involving eco-22

nomic or financial sanctions, for the development 23

and implementation of economic and financial sanc-24

tions. 25


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(2) ASSIGNMENT OF SCHEDULE A EMPLOY-1

EES.—Using the authority provided under para-2

graph (1), the Secretary of State may procure the 3

services of— 4

(A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees 5

for the Office of Sanctions Coordination to be 6

established pursuant to subsection (h) of sec-7

tion 1 of the State Department Basic Authori-8

ties Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as added 9

by section 612; and 10

(B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees 11

for the Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions 12

component of the Bureau of Economic and 13

Business Affairs (EB/TFS). 14

(c) LIMITATION.—Positions in the Senior Executive 15

Service may not be filled using the authority provided 16

under subsection (b). 17

(d) EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND NON-DISCRIMINA-18

TION.—The Secretary of State shall ensure compliance 19

with equal opportunity and other non-discrimination regu-20

lations of the United States Government in exercising the 21

authority provided under subsection (b). 22

(e) REPORT.—The Secretary of State shall report to 23

the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis 24

with respect to the number of Schedule A employees em-25


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ployed by the Department of State using the authority 1

provided under subsection (b). 2



(1) the United States Agency for Global Media 5

and its grantee networks have a critical mission to 6

inform, engage, and connect people around the world 7

in support of freedom and democracy; and 8

(2) those networks must adhere to professional 9

journalistic standards and integrity and not engage 10

in disinformation activities. 11

TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS 12

NONPROLIFERATION 13

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. 14

This title may be cited as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons 15

Nonproliferation Act of 2019’’. 16

SEC. 302. FINDINGS. 17

Congress makes the following findings: 18

(1) The international norm against the use of 19

chemical weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At 20

least 4 actors between 2012 and the date of the en-21

actment of this Act have used chemical weapons: 22

Syria, North Korea, the Russian Federation, and 23

the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq and 24

Syria. 25


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(2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the 1

Russian Federation knowingly used novichok, a le-2

thal chemical agent, in an attempt to kill former 3

Russian military intelligence officer Sergei Skripal 4

and his daughter Yulia, in Salisbury, United King-5

dom. 6

(3) In September 2018, the Government of the 7

United Kingdom charged 2 Russian suspects with 8

the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, further 9

highlighting the culpability of the Government of the 10

Russian Federation in the attack. 11

(4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the 12

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (commonly known 13

as the ‘‘OPCW’’), during its Fourth Special Session 14

of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chem-15

ical Weapons Convention, adopted a decision to ‘‘put 16

in place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of 17

the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Re-18

public by identifying and reporting on all informa-19

tion potentially relevant to the origin of those chem-20

ical weapons in those instances in which the OPCW 21

Fact-Finding Mission in Syria determines or has de-22

termined that use or likely use occurred, and cases 23

for which the OPCW–UN Joint Investigative Mecha-24

nism has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that 25


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the Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its 1

investigations to the Council and to the United Na-2

tions Secretary-General for their consideration’’. 3

(5) In addition, during the Fourth Special Ses-4

sion, the State Parties to the Chemical Weapons 5

Convention voted to provide new powers to the Di-6

rector-General of the OPCW to attribute chemical 7

weapons attacks. The decision ‘‘affirms that, when-8

ever a chemical weapons use occurs on the territory 9

of a State Party, those who were the perpetrators, 10

organizers, sponsors or otherwise involved should be 11

identified, and underscores the added value of the 12

Secretariat conducting an independent investigation 13

of an alleged use of chemical weapons with a view 14

to facilitating universal attribution of all chemical 15

weapons attacks’’. 16

(6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to 17

the Chemical Weapons Convention allows ‘‘the Di-18

rector-General, if requested by a State Party inves-19

tigating a possible chemical weapons use on its terri-20

tory, [to] provide technical expertise to identify those 21

who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors or oth-22

erwise involved in the use of chemicals as weapons’’. 23

(7) The Government of the Russian Federation 24

attempted to impede the adoption of the identifica-25


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tion mechanism in the Fourth Special Session, and 1

has repeatedly worked to degrade the OPCW’s abil-2

ity to identify chemical weapons users. 3


has shown itself to be unwilling or incapable of com-5

pelling the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an 6

ally of the Russian Federation, to stop using chem-7

ical weapons against the civilian population in Syria. 8

(9) The United States remains steadfast in its 9

commitment to its key ally the United Kingdom, its 10

commitment to the mutual defense of the North At-11

lantic Treaty Organization, and its commitment to 12

the Chemical Weapons Convention. 13

(10) Thirty-four countries, including the United 14

States, have joined the International Partnership 15

against Impunity for the use of Chemical Weapons, 16

which represents a political commitment by partici-17

pating countries to hold to account persons respon-18

sible for the use of chemical weapons. 19

(11) The Defense Ministry of the Government 20

of the Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of 21

the GRU intelligence service who had attempted to 22

hack OPCW networks during the OPCW’s investiga-23

tion of the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in 24

Salisbury, United Kingdom. 25


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SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 1

It shall be the policy of the United States— 2

(1) to protect and defend the interests of the 3

United States, allies of the United States, and the 4

international community at large from the con-5

tinuing threat of chemical weapons and their pro-6

liferation; 7

(2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the 8

Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW; 9

(3) to promote and strengthen the investigative 10

and identification mechanisms of the OPCW, includ-11

ing the development of a new OPCW laboratory and 12

enhancements to the OPCW network of designated 13

laboratories, through the provision of additional re-14

sources and technical equipment to better allow the 15

OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical 16

weapons attacks; 17

(4) to pressure the Government of the Russian 18

Federation to halt its efforts to degrade the inter-19

national efforts of the United Nations and the 20

OPCW to investigate chemical weapons attacks and 21

to designate perpetrators of such attacks by— 22

(A) highlighting within international fora, 23

including the United Nations General Assembly 24

and the OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Gov-25

ernment of the Russian Federation to degrade 26


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international efforts to investigate chemical 1

weapons attacks; and 2

(B) consulting with allies and partners of 3

the United States with respect to methods for 4

strengthening the investigative mechanisms of 5

the OPCW; 6

(5) to examine additional avenues for inves-7

tigating, identifying, and holding accountable chem-8

ical weapons users if the Government of the Russian 9

Federation continues in its attempts to block or 10

hinder investigations of the OPCW; and 11

(6) to punish the Government of the Russian 12

Federation for, and deter that Government from, 13

any chemical weapons production and use through 14

the imposition of sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and 15

the use of the mechanisms specified in the Chemical 16

Weapons Convention for violations of the Conven-17

tion. 18

SEC. 304. REPORT ON SANCTIONS RELATING TO USE OF 19

CHEMICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN FED-20

ERATION. 21


date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 23

the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on 24

Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on 25


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Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report 1

that includes an assessment of— 2

(1) whether the mandatory sanctions required 3

by the Chemical and Biological Weapons and War-4

fare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 5601 et 5

seq.) have been imposed with respect to the Russian 6

Federation; and 7

(2) whether the Government of the Russian 8

Federation has taken any steps to avoid sanctions 9

required by that Act after the determination of the 10

United States with respect to the use of chemical 11

weapons by the Russian Federation. 12

(b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by 13

subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and 14

shall include a classified annex. 15

SEC. 305. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL 16

AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN 17

FEDERATION. 18


date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 20

shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 21

Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 22

House of Representatives a report on the chemical and 23

biological weapon programs of the Government of the Rus-24

sian Federation that includes an assessment of— 25


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(1) whether that Government has production 1

capabilities in violation of the Chemical Weapons 2

Convention and the Convention on the Prohibition of 3

the Development, Production and Stockpiling of 4

Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and 5

on their Destruction, done at Washington, London, 6

and Moscow April 10, 1972, and entered into force 7

March 26, 1975 (26 UST 583); 8

(2) any use by that Government of chemical or 9

biological weapons during the 10-year period pre-10

ceding submission of the report; and 11

(3) any direct or indirect support, including 12

transfers of material, knowledge, or technology, by 13

that Government for the chemical or biological weap-14

ons programs of other countries or non-state actors. 15

(b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by 16

subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 17

may include a classified annex. 18

SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 19

(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-20

priated to the Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of 21

fiscal years 2020 through 2024, to be provided to the 22

OPCW as a voluntary contribution pursuant to section 23

301(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 24

2221(a)) for the purpose of strengthening the OPCW’s in-25


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vestigative and identification mechanisms for chemical 1

weapons attacks. 2

(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts authorized 3

to be appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain 4

available until expended. 5

SEC. 307. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED. 6

In this title, the term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Conven-7

tion’’ means the Convention on the Prohibition of the De-8

velopment, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical 9

Weapons and on their Destruction, done at Geneva Sep-10

tember 3, 1992, and entered into force April 29, 1997. 11

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL 12

CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 13


This title may be cited as the ‘‘International 15

Cybercrime Prevention Act’’. 16

SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES. 17

Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 18

(1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)— 19

(A) by striking ‘‘or section 2339D’’ and in-20

serting ‘‘section 2339D’’; and 21

(B) by striking ‘‘of this title, section 22

46502’’ and inserting ‘‘, or section 2512 (relat-23

ing to the manufacture, distribution, possession, 24

and advertising of wire, oral, or electronic com-25


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munication intercepting devices) of this title, 1

section 46502’’; and 2

(2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ‘‘section 3

1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in con-4

nection with computers) if the act indictable under 5

section 1030 is felonious,’’ before ‘‘section 1084’’. 6

SEC. 403. FORFEITURE. 7

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 2513 of title 18, United 8

States Code, is amended to read as follows: 9

‘‘§ 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic com-10

munication intercepting devices and 11

other property 12

‘‘(a) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 13

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The court, in imposing a 14

sentence on any person convicted of a violation of 15

section 2511 or 2512, or convicted of conspiracy to 16

violate section 2511 or 2512, shall order, in addition 17

to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of 18

any provision of State law, that such person forfeit 19

to the United States— 20

‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any prop-21

erty, real or personal, that was used or intended 22

to be used to commit or to facilitate the com-23

mission of such violation; and 24


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‘‘(B) any property, real or personal, consti-1

tuting or derived from any gross proceeds, or 2

any property traceable to such property, that 3

such person obtained or retained directly or in-4

directly as a result of such violation. 5

‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Pursuant to 6

section 2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 7

413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 8

853), other than subsection (d) thereof, shall apply 9

to criminal forfeitures under this subsection. 10

‘‘(b) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 11

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The following shall be sub-12

ject to forfeiture to the United States in accordance 13

with provisions of chapter 46 and no property right 14

shall exist in them: 15

‘‘(A) Any property, real or personal, used 16

or intended to be used, in any manner, to com-17

mit, or facilitate the commission of a violation 18

of section 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to vio-19

late section 2511 or 2512. 20

‘‘(B) Any property, real or personal, con-21

stituting, or traceable to the gross proceeds 22

taken, obtained, or retained in connection with 23

or as a result of a violation of section 2511 or 24


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2512, or a conspiracy to violate section 2511 or 1

2512. 2

‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and 3

forfeitures under this subsection shall be governed 4

by the provisions of chapter 46, relating to civil for-5

feitures, except that such duties as are imposed on 6

the Secretary of the Treasury under the customs 7

laws described in section 981(d) shall be performed 8

by such officers, agents, and other persons as may 9

be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of 10

Homeland Security or the Attorney General.’’. 11

(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 12

The table of sections for chapter 119 is amended by strik-13

ing the item relating to section 2513 and inserting the 14

following: 15

‘‘2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting de-

vices and other property.’’.

SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS. 16

(a) AMENDMENT.—Section 1345 of title 18, United 17

States Code, is amended— 18

(1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘and abuse’’ 19

after ‘‘fraud’’; 20

(2) in subsection (a)— 21

(A) in paragraph (1)— 22

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 23

‘‘or’’ at the end; 24


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(ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 1

‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; and 2

(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 3

(C) the following: 4

‘‘(D) violating or about to violate section 5

1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has 6

caused or would cause damage (as defined in 7

section 1030) without authorization to 100 or 8

more protected computers (as defined in section 9

1030) during any 1-year period, including by— 10

‘‘(i) impairing the availability or in-11

tegrity of the protected computers without 12

authorization; or 13

‘‘(ii) installing or maintaining control 14

over malicious software on the protected 15

computers that, without authorization, has 16

caused or would cause damage to the pro-17

tected computers;’’; and 18

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter pre-19

ceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, a vio-20

lation described in subsection (a)(1)(D),’’ before 21

‘‘or a Federal’’; and 22

(3) by adding at the end the following: 23

‘‘(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action 24

described in subsection (b), if issued in circumstances de-25


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scribed in subsection (a)(1)(D), may, upon application of 1

the Attorney General— 2

‘‘(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in 3

any court against a person for complying with the 4

restraining order, prohibition, or other action; and 5

‘‘(2) provide that the United States shall pay to 6

such person a fee for reimbursement for such costs 7

as are reasonably necessary and which have been di-8

rectly incurred in complying with the restraining 9

order, prohibition, or other action.’’. 10

(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 11

The table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United 12

States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 13

section 1345 and inserting the following: 14

‘‘1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.’’.

SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRA-15

STRUCTURE COMPUTER. 16

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 47 of title 18, United 17

States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 18

the following: 19

‘‘§ 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastruc-20

ture computer 21

‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful, during and in 22

relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly 23

cause or attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastruc-24

ture computer, if such damage results in (or, in the case 25


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of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have resulted 1

in) the substantial impairment— 2

‘‘(1) of the operation of the critical infrastruc-3

ture computer; or 4

‘‘(2) of the critical infrastructure associated 5

with such computer. 6

‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 7

(a) shall, in addition to the term of punishment provided 8

for the felony violation of section 1030, be fined under 9

this title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. 10

‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE SENTENCE.—Notwithstanding 11

any other provision of law— 12

‘‘(1) a court shall not place any person con-13

victed of a violation of this section on probation; 14

‘‘(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no 15

term of imprisonment imposed on a person under 16

this section shall run concurrently with any term of 17

imprisonment imposed on the person under any 18

other provision of law, including any term of impris-19

onment imposed for the felony violation of section 20

1030; 21

‘‘(3) in determining any term of imprisonment 22

to be imposed for the felony violation of section 23

1030, a court shall not in any way reduce the term 24

to be imposed for such violation to compensate for, 25


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or otherwise take into account, any separate term of 1

imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for a viola-2

tion of this section; and 3

‘‘(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a per-4

son for a violation of this section may, in the discre-5

tion of the court, run concurrently, in whole or in 6

part, only with another term of imprisonment that 7

is imposed by the court at the same time on that 8

person for an additional violation of this section, if 9

such discretion shall be exercised in accordance with 10

any applicable guidelines and policy statements 11

issued by the United States Sentencing Commission 12

pursuant to section 994 of title 28. 13

‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 14

‘‘(1) the terms ‘computer’ and ‘damage’ have 15

the meanings given the terms in section 1030; and 16

‘‘(2) the term ‘critical infrastructure’ means 17

systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so 18

vital to the United States that the incapacity or de-19

struction of such systems and assets would have cat-20

astrophic regional or national effects on public 21

health or safety, economic security, or national secu-22

rity, including voter registration databases, voting 23

machines, and other communications systems that 24


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manage the election process or report and display 1

results on behalf of State and local governments.’’. 2

(b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 3

chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 4

by inserting after the item relating to section 1030 the 5

following: 6

‘‘1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.’’.

SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS; FOR-7

FEITURE. 8

Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is 9

amended— 10


(A) in paragraph (7), by adding ‘‘or’’ at 12

the end; and 13

(B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the 14

following: 15

‘‘(8) intentionally traffics in the means of ac-16

cess to a protected computer, if— 17

‘‘(A) the trafficker knows or has reason to 18

know the protected computer has been damaged 19

in a manner prohibited by this section; and 20

‘‘(B) the promise or agreement to pay for 21

the means of access is made by, or on behalf of, 22

a person the trafficker knows or has reason to 23

know intends to use the means of access to— 24


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‘‘(i) damage a protected computer in 1

a manner prohibited by this section; or 2

‘‘(ii) violate section 1037 or 1343;’’; 3

(2) in subsection (c)(3)— 4

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 5

‘‘(a)(4) or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 6

or (a)(8)’’; and 7

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 8

‘‘(a)(4), or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), 9

(a)(7), or (a)(8)’’; 10

(3) in subsection (e)— 11

(A) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ 12

at the end; 13

(B) in paragraph (12), by striking the pe-14

riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 15

(C) by adding at the end the following: 16

‘‘(13) the term ‘traffic’, except as provided in 17

subsection (a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dis-18

pose of, to another as consideration for the receipt 19

of, or as consideration for a promise or agreement 20

to pay, anything of pecuniary value.’’; 21

(4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by 22

inserting ‘‘, except for a violation of subsection 23

(a)(8),’’ after ‘‘of this section’’; and 24


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(5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and in-1

serting the following: 2

‘‘(i) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 3

‘‘(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any 4

person convicted of a violation of this section, or 5

convicted of conspiracy to violate this section, shall 6

order, in addition to any other sentence imposed and 7

irrespective of any provision of State law, that such 8

person forfeit to the United States— 9

‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any prop-10

erty, real or personal, that was used or intended 11

to be used to commit or to facilitate the com-12

mission of such violation; and 13




such person obtained, directly or indirectly, as 17

a result of such violation. 18

‘‘(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under 19

this subsection, including any seizure and disposition 20

of the property, and any related judicial or adminis-21

trative proceeding, shall be governed by the provi-22

sions of section 413 of the Controlled Substances 23

Act (21 U.S.C. 853), except subsection (d) of that 24

section. 25


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‘‘(j) CIVIL FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY USED IN THE 1

COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE.— 2

‘‘(1) Any personal property, including any 3

Internet domain name or Internet Protocol address, 4

that was used or intended to be used to commit or 5

to facilitate the commission of any violation of this 6

section, or a conspiracy to violate this section shall 7

be subject to forfeiture to the United States, and no 8

property right shall exist in such property. 9

‘‘(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this sub-10

section shall be governed by the provisions of chap-11

ter 46 relating to civil forfeitures, except that such 12

duties as are imposed on the Secretary of the Treas-13

ury under the customs laws described in section 14

981(d) shall be performed by such officers, agents, 15

and other persons as may be designated for that 16

purpose by the Secretary of Homeland Security or 17

the Attorney General.’’. 18

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION 19

INTERFERENCE 20

SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING 21

SYSTEMS. 22

Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 23

amended— 24

(1) in paragraph (2)— 25


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(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ 1

at the end; 2

(B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ‘‘or’’ 3

at the end; and 4


‘‘(C) that— 6

‘‘(i) is part of a voting system; and 7

‘‘(ii)(I) is used for the management, 8

support, or administration of a Federal 9

election; or 10

‘‘(II) has moved in or otherwise af-11

fects interstate or foreign commerce;’’; 12

(2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 13

end; 14

(3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period 15

and inserting a semicolon; and 16


‘‘(13) the term ‘Federal election’ means any 18

election (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal 19

Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 20

30101(1))) for Federal office (as defined in section 21

301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 22

1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(3))); and 23


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‘‘(14) the term ‘voting system’ has the meaning 1

given the term in section 301(b) of the Help Amer-2

ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(b)).’’. 3

SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTER-4

FERE IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONS. 5

(a) DEFINED TERM.—Section 101(a) of the Immi-6

gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amend-7

ed by adding at the end the following: 8

‘‘(53) The term ‘improper interference in a 9

United States election’ means conduct by an alien 10

that— 11

‘‘(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting 12

rights, or campaign finance law; or 13

‘‘(ii) is under the direction of a foreign 14

government; and 15

‘‘(B) interferes with a general or primary 16

Federal, State, or local election or caucus, in-17

cluding— 18

‘‘(i) the campaign of a candidate; and 19

‘‘(ii) a ballot measure, including— 20

‘‘(I) an amendment; 21

‘‘(II) a bond issue; 22

‘‘(III) an initiative; 23

‘‘(IV) a recall; 24

‘‘(V) a referral; and 25


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‘‘(VI) a referendum.’’. 1

(b) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN UNITED STATES 2

ELECTIONS.—Section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and 3

Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)) is amended by add-4

ing at the end the following: 5

‘‘(H) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN A 6

UNITED STATES ELECTION.—Any alien who is 7

seeking admission to the United States to en-8

gage in improper interference in a United 9

States election, or who has engaged in improper 10

interference in a United States election, is inad-11

missible.’’. 12

TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RE-13

SPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FED-14

ERATION 15

Subtitle A—Expansion of Coun-16

tering America’s Adversaries 17

Through Sanctions Act 18

SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS. 19

It is the sense of Congress that economic and finan-20

cial sanctions, when used as part of a coordinated and 21

comprehensive strategy, are a powerful tool to advance 22

United States foreign policy and national security inter-23

ests. 24


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SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE 1

RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH DEMOCRATIC 2

PROCESSES AND ELECTIONS. 3

Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering 4

America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 5

9521 et seq.) is amended— 6

(1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, 7

and 238 as sections 239E, 239F, 239H, and 239I, 8

respectively; and 9

(2) by inserting after section 234 the following: 10

‘‘SEC. 235. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 11

WITH CERTAIN RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIGURES 12

AND OLIGARCHS. 13

‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the 14

date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 15

from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 16

impose the sanctions described in section 224(b) with re-17

spect to— 18

‘‘(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other per-19

sons that facilitate illicit and corrupt activities, di-20

rectly or indirectly, on behalf of the President of the 21

Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons 22

acting for or on behalf of such political figures, 23

oligarchs, and persons; 24

‘‘(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate 25

illicit and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on 26


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behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, 1

Vladimir Putin; 2

‘‘(3) family members of persons described in 3

paragraph (1) or (2) that derive significant benefits 4

from such illicit and corrupt activities; and 5

‘‘(4) persons, including financial institutions, 6

engaging in significant transactions with persons de-7

scribed in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). 8


WITH THE CYBER SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN 10

FEDERATION. 11

‘‘On and after the date that is 60 days after the date 12

of the enactment of the Defending American Security 13



spect to a person, including any financial institution, that 16

the President determines— 17

‘‘(1) knowingly engages in significant trans-18

actions with any person in the Russian Federation 19

that supports or facilitates malicious cyber activities; 20

or 21

‘‘(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or 22

knowingly acts or purports to act for or on behalf 23

of, directly or indirectly, a person that engages in 24

significant transactions described in paragraph (1). 25


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RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQ-2

UEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT FACILITIES. 3

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that is 4

180 days after the date of the enactment of the Defending 5

American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, 6

the President shall impose five or more of the sanctions 7

described in section 239E with respect to a person if the 8

President determines that the person knowingly, on or 9

after such date of enactment, makes an investment de-10

scribed in subsection (b) in a liquefied natural gas export 11

facility located outside of the Russian Federation. 12

‘‘(b) INVESTMENT DESCRIBED.—An investment de-13

scribed in this subsection is an investment that— 14

‘‘(1) directly and significantly contributes to the 15

ability of the Russian Federation to construct lique-16

fied natural gas export facilities outside of the Rus-17

sian Federation; and 18

‘‘(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 19

or more; or 20

‘‘(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggre-21

gate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 22


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‘‘SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO 1

NEW SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE RUSSIAN FED-2

ERATION. 3

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 4



prescribe regulations prohibiting United States persons 7

from engaging in transactions with, providing financing 8

for, or otherwise dealing in, Russian sovereign debt issued 9

on or after the date that is 90 days after such date of 10

enactment. 11

‘‘(b) RUSSIAN SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFINED.—In this 12

section, the term ‘Russian sovereign debt’ means— 13

‘‘(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the Na-14

tional Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the 15

Russian Federation, or agents or affiliates of any of 16

those entities, with a maturity of more than 14 days; 17

‘‘(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with 18

the Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the 19

Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation with a 20

duration of more than 14 days; and 21

‘‘(3) any other financial instrument, the dura-22

tion or maturity of which is more than 14 days, 23

that— 24


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‘‘(A) was issued by a Russian financial in-1

stitution on behalf of the Government of the 2

Russian Federation; or 3

‘‘(B) the President determines otherwise 4

represents the sovereign debt of the Govern-5

ment of the Russian Federation. 6

‘‘SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINAN-7

CIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT INTER-8

FERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR 9

ELECTIONS. 10


of the enactment of the Defending American Security 12


impose the sanctions described in section 224(b)(1) with 14

respect to any Russian financial institution that the Presi-15

dent determines has, on or after such date of enactment, 16

provided financial or other support for interference by the 17

Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic 18

process or elections of any country other than the Russian 19

Federation.’’. 20

SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE 21

RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH RESPECT TO 22

UKRAINE. 23

Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering 24



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9521 et seq.), as amended by section 602, is further 1

amended by inserting after section 239 the following: 2

‘‘SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 3

RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY 4

PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN STATE- 5

OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE 6

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 7

‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the 8



impose five or more of the sanctions described in section 11

239E with respect to a person if the President determines 12

that— 13

‘‘(1) the person knowingly, on or after such 14

date of enactment, invests in an energy project out-15

side of the Russian Federation that is supported by 16

a Russian parastatal entity or an entity owned or 17

controlled by the Government of the Russian Fed-18

eration; and 19

‘‘(2) the total value of the project exceeds or is 20

reasonably expected to exceed $250,000,000. 21


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‘‘SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR 1

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUDE OIL RE-2

SOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 3

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose five 4

or more of the sanctions described in section 239E with 5

respect to a person if the President determines that the 6

person knowingly, on or after the date of the enactment 7

of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggres-8

sion Act of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian 9

Federation goods, services, technology, financing, or sup-10

port described in subsection (b)— 11

‘‘(1) any of which has a fair market value of 12

$1,000,000 or more; or 13

‘‘(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an 14

aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 15

‘‘(b) GOODS, SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY, FINANCING, 16

OR SUPPORT DESCRIBED.—Goods, services, technology, 17

financing, or support described in this subsection are 18

goods, services, technology, financing or support that 19

could directly and significantly contribute to the Russian 20

Federation’s— 21

‘‘(1) ability to develop crude oil resources lo-22

cated in the Russian Federation; or 23

‘‘(2) production of crude oil resources in the 24

Russian Federation, including any direct and signifi-25

cant assistance with respect to the construction, 26


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modernization, or repair of infrastructure that would 1

facilitate the development of crude oil resources lo-2

cated in the Russian Federation. 3

‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY.—The requirement to impose 4

sanctions under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect 5

to the maintenance of projects that are ongoing as of the 6


from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019. 8

‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT TO ISSUE GUIDANCE.—Not 9

later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the De-10

fending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 11

of 2019, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 12

Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, 13

shall issue regulations— 14

‘‘(1) clarifying how the exception under sub-15

section (c) will be applied; and 16

‘‘(2) listing specific goods, services, technology, 17

financing, and support covered by subsection (b). 18

‘‘SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN DE-19

TENTION OF 24 UKRAINIAN NAVAL PER-20

SONNEL ON AND AFTER NOVEMBER 25, 2018. 21

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 22





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spect to not fewer than 24 senior officers of the Russian 1

Federal Security Service who had not been sanctioned by 2

the United States before such date of enactment. 3

‘‘(b) DURATION.—Sanctions imposed under sub-4

section (a) shall remain in effect until the date on which 5

the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the ap-6

propriate congressional committees that the Ukrainian 7

naval personnel detained by forces of the Russian Federa-8

tion on November 25, 2018, are no longer in detention. 9

‘‘SEC. 239D. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN 10

FEDERATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION. 11

‘‘(a) DETERMINATION OF VIOLATION.— 12

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 13

after the date of the enactment of the Defending 14

American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 15

2019, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary 16

of State shall determine and certify to the commit-17

tees specified in subsection (d) whether the Govern-18

ment of the Russian Federation, including the 19

armed forces or coast guard of the Russian Federa-20

tion, has interfered with the freedom of navigation 21

of one or more vessels in the Kerch Strait or else-22

where in a manner inconsistent with international 23

law during the 180 days preceding the certification. 24


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‘‘(2) PUBLICATION OF CERTIFICATION.—Not 1

later than 15 days after submitting a certification 2

under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish the 3

certification in the Federal Register. 4

‘‘(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—On and after the 5

date that is 90 days after the publication of a certification 6

under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) indicating that the 7

Government of the Russian Federation has interfered with 8

the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels as de-9

scribed in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities 10

operating in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Fed-11

eration shall be subject to the same restrictions as an enti-12

ty included on the list of specially designated nationals and 13

blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign As-14

sets Control of the Department of the Treasury. 15

‘‘(c) REMOVAL OF SANCTIONS.—The restrictions im-16

posed pursuant to subsection (b) shall remain in effect 17

until the date on which the Secretary of State determines 18

and certifies to the committees specified in subsection (d) 19

that— 20

‘‘(1) the Government of the Russian Federa-21

tion, including the armed forces and coast guard of 22

the Russian Federation, has not interfered with the 23

freedom of navigation of any vessels in the Kerch 24

Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with 25


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international law during the 3-year period preceding 1

the submission of that certification; and 2

‘‘(2) the Government of the Russian Federation 3

has provided assurances that that Government will 4

not engage in such interference in the future. 5

‘‘(d) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees 6

specified in this subsection are— 7

‘‘(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 8

and 9

‘‘(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the 10

Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 11

House of Representatives.’’. 12

SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 13

(a) IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.—Part 2 of 14

subtitle A of title II of the Countering America’s Adver-15

saries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), 16

as amended by sections 602 and 603, is further amended 17

by inserting after section 239F the following: 18

‘‘SEC. 239G. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES. 19

‘‘(a) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 20

all authorities provided to the President under sections 21

203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic 22

Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this 23

part. 24


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‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, attempts 1

to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 2

part or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 3

out this part shall be subject to the penalties set forth 4

in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-5

national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 6

1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an 7

unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.’’. 8

(b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 221 of the Countering 9


9521) is amended— 11

(1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para-12

graph (7); and 13

(2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-14

lowing: 15

‘‘(6) RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.—The 16

term ‘Russian financial institution’ means— 17

‘‘(A) a financial institution organized 18

under the laws of the Russian Federation or 19

any jurisdiction within the Russian Federation, 20

including a foreign branch of such an institu-21

tion; 22

‘‘(B) a financial institution located in the 23

Russian Federation; 24


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‘‘(C) a financial institution, wherever lo-1

cated, owned or controlled by the Government 2

of the Russian Federation; and 3

‘‘(D) a financial institution, wherever lo-4

cated, owned or controlled by a financial insti-5

tution described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 6

(C).’’. 7

(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 8

for the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanc-9

tions Act is amended by striking the items relating to sec-10

tions 235 through 238 and inserting the following: 11

‘‘Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with certain Russian political

figures and oligarchs.

‘‘Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the cyber sector of the

Russian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in

Russian liquefied natural gas export facilities.

‘‘Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new sovereign debt of the

Russian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial institutions that support

interference in democratic processes or elections.

‘‘Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in

energy projects supported by Russian state-owned or parastatal

entities outside of the Russian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the development of crude oil

resources in the Russian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 239C. Sanctions with respect to Russian detention of 24 Ukrainian naval

personnel on and after November 25, 2018.

‘‘Sec. 239D. Sanctions for violations by the Russian Federation of freedom of

navigation.

‘‘Sec. 239E. Sanctions described.

‘‘Sec. 239F. Exceptions, waiver, and termination.

‘‘Sec. 239G. Implementation and penalties.

‘‘Sec. 239H. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration.

‘‘Sec. 239I. Rule of construction.’’.

(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle 12

A of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries 13


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Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as 1

amended by this section, is further amended— 2

(1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e); 3

and 4

(2) by striking ‘‘section 235’’ each place it ap-5

pears and inserting ‘‘section 239E’’. 6

(e) GUIDANCE.—The President shall, in a prompt 7

and timely way, publish guidance on the implementation 8

of this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle 9

and any regulations prescribed pursuant to this subtitle 10

or any such amendment. 11

SEC. 605. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED AP-12

PLICABILITY OF SANCTIONS UNDER THE 13

SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW ACCOUNT-14

ABILITY ACT OF 2012. 15

Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Re-16

view Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amend-17

ed— 18

(1) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and in-19

serting a semicolon; 20

(2) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 21

inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 22


‘‘(IV) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule 24

of Law Accountability Act of 2012 25


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(title IV of Public Law 112–208; 22 1

U.S.C. 5811 note); and’’. 2

Subtitle B—Coordination With the 3

European Union 4

SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH 5

ALLIES WITH RESPECT TO SANCTIONS WITH 6

RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 7

It is the sense of Congress that the President 8

should— 9

(1) continue to uphold and seek unity with Eu-10

ropean and other key partners with respect to sanc-11

tions implemented with respect to the Russian Fed-12

eration, which have been effective and instrumental 13

in countering the aggression of the Russian Federa-14

tion; 15

(2) engage to the fullest extent possible with 16

governments that are partners of the United States 17

with regard to closing loopholes, including the allow-18

ance of extended prepayment for the delivery of 19

goods and commodities and other loopholes, in mul-20

tilateral and unilateral restrictive measures against 21

the Russian Federation, with the aim of maximizing 22

alignment of those measures; and 23

(3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce com-24

pliance with sanctions in place as of the date of the 25


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enactment of this Act with respect to the Russian 1

Federation in response to the crises in Ukraine and 2

Syria, cyber intrusions and attacks, and human 3

rights violators in the Russian Federation. 4

SEC. 612. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE 5

DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 6

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the State Depart-7

ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), 8

as amended by section 211, is further amended— 9

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub-10

section (i); and 11

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-12

lowing: 13

‘‘(h) OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION.— 14


the Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Co-16

ordination (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Of-17

fice’). 18

‘‘(2) HEAD.—The head of the Office shall— 19

‘‘(A) have the rank and status of ambas-20

sador; 21

‘‘(B) be appointed by the President, by 22

and with the advice and consent of the Senate; 23

and 24


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‘‘(C) report to the Under Secretary for Po-1

litical Affairs. 2

‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The head of the Office shall— 3

‘‘(A) serve as the principal advisor to the 4

senior management of the Department and the 5

Secretary regarding the role of the Department 6

in the development and implementation of sanc-7

tions policy, including sanctions with respect to 8

the Russian Federation, Iran, North Korea, 9

and other countries; 10

‘‘(B) represent the United States in diplo-11

matic and multilateral fora on sanctions mat-12

ters; 13

‘‘(C) consult and closely coordinate with 14

the European Union to ensure the maximum ef-15

fectiveness of sanctions imposed by the United 16

States and the European Union with respect to 17

the Russian Federation; 18

‘‘(D) advise the Secretary directly and pro-19

vide input with respect to all activities, policies, 20

and programs of all bureaus and offices of the 21

Department relating to the implementation of 22

sanctions policy; and 23

‘‘(E) serve as the principal liaison of the 24

Department to other Federal agencies involved 25


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in the design and implementation of sanctions 1

policy. 2

‘‘(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 3

this subsection may be construed to preclude— 4

‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a 5

Bureau within the Department; or 6


vated to level of an Assistant Secretary.’’. 8

(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 days 9

after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 10

shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 11

a report detailing the efforts of the Office of Sanctions 12

Coordination established under the amendments made by 13

subsection (a) to coordinate sanctions policy with the Eu-14

ropean Union. 15

SEC. 613. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BE-16

TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN 17

UNION. 18


date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days 20

thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate 21

congressional committees a report that includes the fol-22

lowing: 23

(1) A description of each instance, during the 24

period specified in subsection (b)— 25


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(A) in which the United States has im-1

posed sanctions with respect to a person for ac-2

tivity related to the Russian Federation, but in 3

which the European Union has not imposed 4

corresponding sanctions; and 5

(B) in which the European Union has im-6



which the United States has not imposed cor-9

responding sanctions. 10

(2) An explanation for the reason for each dis-11

crepancy between sanctions imposed by the Euro-12

pean Union and sanctions imposed by the United 13

States described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 14

paragraph (1). 15

(b) PERIOD SPECIFIED.—The period specified in this 16

subsection is— 17

(1) in the case of the first report submitted 18

under subsection (a), the period beginning on the 19

date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the 20

date the report is submitted; and 21

(2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 22

180-day period preceding the submission of the re-23

port. 24


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(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub-1

section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 2

include a classified annex. 3

(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 4

DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-5

gressional committees’’ means— 6

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 7

Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af-8

fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 9

and 10

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 11

Committee on Financial Services, and the Com-12

mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep-13

resentatives. 14

Subtitle C—Reports Relating to 15

Sanctions With Respect to the 16

Russian Federation 17







the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 24


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Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance 1

of the Senate; and 2



mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 5

Representatives. 6

(2) SENIOR FOREIGN POLITICAL FIGURE.—The 7

term ‘‘senior foreign political figure’’ has the mean-8

ing given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, 9

Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding 10

similar regulation or ruling). 11

SEC. 622. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND 12

PARASTATAL ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN 13

FEDERATION. 14

Section 241 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 15

Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 16


(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 18

subsections (c) and (d), respectively; 19

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-20

lowing: 21

‘‘(b) UPDATED REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 22

after the date of the enactment of the Defending American 23

Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Sec-24

retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Director 25


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of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State, shall 1

submit to the appropriate congressional committees an up-2

dated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the 3

Russian Federation that builds on the report submitted 4

under subsection (a) on January 29, 2018, and that in-5

cludes the matters described in paragraphs (1) through 6

(5) of subsection (a).’’; and 7

(3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by para-8

graph (1), by striking ‘‘The report required under 9

subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘The reports required 10

by subsections (a) and (b)’’. 11

SEC. 623. REPORT ON SECTION 224 OF THE COUNTERING 12

AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC-13

TIONS ACT. 14


date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-16

mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 17

that describes the persons that the President has deter-18

mined under section 224(a)(1)(A) of the Countering 19


9524(a)(1)(A)) knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 21

2017, and before the date of the report, in significant ac-22

tivities undermining cybersecurity against any person, in-23

cluding a democratic institution or government on behalf 24

of the Government of the Russian Federation. 25


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(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 1

(a) shall contain the following: 2

(1) A list of the persons described in subsection 3

(a). 4

(2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work 5

with governments and democratic institutions in 6

other countries the cybersecurity of which the Presi-7

dent determines has been undermined by the Gov-8

ernment of the Russian Federation. 9

(c) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 10

of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 11

the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-12

sional committees an update to the report required by sub-13

section (a). 14



TIONS ACT. 17




that describes the foreign persons that the President has 21

determined under section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom 22

Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as amended 23

by section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 24



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910), have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and 1

before the date of the report, made a significant invest-2

ment in a special Russian crude oil project. 3

(b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 4




section (a). 8



TIONS ACT. 11




that describes the foreign financial institutions that the 15

President has determined under section 5(a) of the 16

Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 17

8924(a)), as amended by section 226 of the Countering 18

America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Public 19

Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 910), have knowingly engaged, on 20

or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report, 21

in significant transactions involving significant invest-22

ments in a special Russian crude oil project described in 23

section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 24

2014. 25


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section (a). 5



TIONS ACT. 8





determined under subsection (a) of section 10 of the Sup-13

port for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Eco-14

nomic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), 15

as added by section 228 of the Countering America’s Ad-16

versaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 17

131 Stat. 911), have, on or after August 2, 2017, and 18

before the date of the report— 19

(1) materially violated, attempted to violate, 20

conspired to violate, or caused a violation of any li-21

cense, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in 22

or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order 23

(as defined in subsection (f) of such section 10), the 24

Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, 25


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and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 1

U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine Freedom Sup-2

port Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or 3

(2) facilitated a significant transaction or trans-4

actions, including deceptive or structured trans-5

actions, for or on behalf of— 6

(A) any person subject to sanctions im-7

posed by the United States with respect to the 8

Russian Federation; or 9

(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of 10

an individual described in subparagraph (A). 11





section (a). 16



TIONS ACT. 19





determined under section 233 of the Countering America’s 24

Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9527) 25


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have made, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the 1

date of the report, an investment of $10,000,000 or more 2

(or any combination of investments of not less than 3

$1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds 4

$10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitated such 5

an investment, if the investment directly and significantly 6

contributes to the ability of the Russian Federation to pri-7

vatize state-owned assets in a manner that unjustly bene-8

fits— 9

(1) officials of the Government of the Russian 10

Federation; or 11

(2) close associates or family members of those 12

officials. 13





section (a). 18



TIONS ACT. 21






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determined under section 234 of the Countering America’s 1

Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9528) 2

have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before 3

the date of the report, exported, transferred, or otherwise 4

provided to Syria significant financial, material, or techno-5

logical support that contributes materially to the ability 6

of the Government of Syria to— 7

(1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or 8

nuclear weapons or related technologies; 9

(2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile 10

capabilities; 11

(3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers 12

and types of advanced conventional weapons; 13

(4) acquire significant defense articles, defense 14

services, or defense information (as such terms are 15

defined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 16

U.S.C. 2751 et seq.)); or 17

(5) acquire items designated by the President 18

for purposes of the United States Munitions List 19

under section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control 20

Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 21





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section (a). 2

Subtitle D—General Provisions 3

SEC. 641. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NA-4

TIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS-5

TRATION. 6

(a) IN GENERAL.—This title and the amendments 7

made by this title shall not apply with respect to activities 8

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 9

(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title 10

or the amendments made by this title shall be construed 11

to authorize the imposition of any sanction or other condi-12

tion, limitation, restriction, or prohibition, that directly or 13

indirectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian 14

Federation of any product or service, or the procurement 15

of such product or service by any contractor or subcon-16

tractor of the United States or any other entity, relating 17

to or in connection with any space launch conducted for— 18

(1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-19

istration; or 20

(2) any other non-Department of Defense cus-21

tomer. 22

SEC. 642. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 23

Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 24

title shall be construed— 25


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(1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on 1

the use of rocket engines for national security pur-2

poses under section 1608 of the Carl Levin and 3

Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Au-4

thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 5

113–291; 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as 6

amended by section 1607 of the National Defense 7

Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 8

114–92; 129 Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the 9

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 10

2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2582); or 11

(2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 12

the Department of Defense from acquiring compo-13

nents referred to in such section 1608. 14

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RE-15

LATING TO THE RUSSIAN 16

FEDERATION 17

SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUS-18

SIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF 19

TERRORISM. 20

(a) DETERMINATION.— 21

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 22

the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 23

of State shall submit to the appropriate congres-24

sional committees a determination of whether the 25


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Russian Federation meets the criteria for designa-1

tion as a state sponsor of terrorism. 2

(2) FORM.—The determination required by 3

paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified 4

form but may include a classified annex, if appro-5

priate. 6

(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 7



mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 10

of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 11

of the House of Representatives. 12

(2) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 13

‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the 14

government of which the Secretary of State has de-15

termined is a government that has repeatedly pro-16

vided support for acts of international terrorism, for 17

purposes of— 18

(A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 19

Control Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 20

4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 21

(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 22

Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 23

(C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con-24

trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 25


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(D) any other provision of law. 1

SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING OR-2

DERS OF FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT 3

NETWORK. 4


States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-6

lowing: 7

‘‘(e) REPORTING BY TITLE INSURANCE COMPA-8

NIES.— 9

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue 10

an order under subsection (a) requiring a domestic 11

title insurance company to obtain, maintain, and re-12

port to the Secretary information on the beneficial 13

owners of entities that purchase residential real es-14

tate in high-value transactions in which the domestic 15

title insurance company is involved. 16

‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 17

‘‘(A) BENEFICIAL OWNER.—The term 18

‘beneficial owner’, with respect to an entity, 19

means an individual who, directly or indirectly, 20

owns 25 percent or more of the equity interests 21

in the entity. 22

‘‘(B) DOMESTIC TITLE INSURANCE COM-23

PANY.—The term ‘domestic title insurance com-24


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pany’ has the meaning given that term in regu-1

lations prescribed by the Secretary. 2

‘‘(C) HIGH-VALUE TRANSACTION.—The 3

term ‘high-value’, with respect to a real estate 4

transaction, has the meaning given that term in 5

regulations prescribed by the Secretary based 6

on the real estate market in which the trans-7

action takes place.’’. 8

(b) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the 9

date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 10

Treasury shall prescribe regulations to carry out the 11

amendment made by subsection (a). 12

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 13

are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such 14

sums as may be necessary to carry out the amendment 15

made by subsection (a). 16

SEC. 703. EXTENSION OF LIMITATIONS ON IMPORTATION 17

OF URANIUM FROM RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 18

Section 3112A(c) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 19

U.S.C. 2297h–10a(c)) is amended— 20

(1) in paragraph (2)(A)— 21

(A) in clause (vi), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 22

inserting a semicolon; 23

(B) in clause (vii), by striking the period 24

and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 25


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‘‘(viii) in calendar year 2021, 463,620 2

kilograms; 3

‘‘(ix) in calendar year 2022, 456,930 4

kilograms; 5

‘‘(x) in calendar year 2023, 449,810 6

kilograms; 7

‘‘(xi) in calendar year 2024, 435,933 8

kilograms; 9

‘‘(xii) in calendar year 2025, 421,659 10

kilograms; 11

‘‘(xiii) in calendar year 2026, 421,659 12

kilograms; 13

‘‘(xiv) in calendar year 2027, 394,072 14

kilograms; 15

‘‘(xv) in calendar year 2028, 386,951 16

kilograms; 17

‘‘(xvi) in calendar year 2029, 386,951 18

kilograms; and 19

‘‘(xvii) in calendar year 2030, 20

375,791 kilograms.’’; 21


(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking the 23

semicolon and inserting ‘‘; or’’; 24


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(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘; 1

or’’ and inserting a period; and 2

(C) by striking subparagraph (C); 3

(3) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ‘‘reference 4

data’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2019’’ and in-5

serting the following: ‘‘lower scenario data in the 6

document of the World Nuclear Association entitled 7

‘Nuclear Fuel Report: Global Scenarios for Demand 8

and Supply Availability 2017–2035’. In each of cal-9

endar years 2022, 2025, and 2028’’; and 10

(4) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘December 11

31, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2030’’. 12

SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CEN-13

TER TO RESPOND TO THREATS FROM THE 14

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERA-15

TION. 16

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a Na-17

tional Fusion Center to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which 18

shall focus primarily on such threats from the Government 19

of the Russian Federation, and shall be chaired by senior 20

United States Government officials from participating 21

agencies (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Center’’). 22

(b) MISSION.—The primary missions of the Center 23

are as follows: 24


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(1) To serve as the primary organization in the 1

United States Government to coordinate analysis 2

and policy implementation across the United States 3

Government in responding to hybrid threats posed 4

by the Government of the Russian Federation to the 5

national security, sovereignty, democracy, and eco-6

nomic activity of the United States and United 7

States allies, including the following activities: 8

(A) Execution of disinformation, misin-9

formation, and propaganda campaigns through 10

traditional and social media platforms. 11

(B) Formation, infiltration, or manipula-12

tion of cultural, religious, educational, and po-13

litical organizations or parties. 14

(C) Covert transfer of illicit money through 15

shell corporations and financial institutions to 16

facilitate corruption, crime, and malign influ-17

ence activities, including through political par-18

ties and interest groups. 19

(D) Coercive tactics and gray zone activi-20

ties, including through para-military and para- 21

police and security services and militias. 22

(E) Cyber and other non-traditional 23

threats, including against public infrastructure, 24


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government institutions, or political organiza-1

tions or actors. 2

(F) Use of energy resources or infrastruc-3

ture to influence or constrain sovereign states 4

and political actors. 5

(2) To synchronize the efforts of the Depart-6

ment of State, the Department of the Treasury, the 7

Department of Defense, the Department of Home-8

land Security, the intelligence community, other rel-9

evant civilian United States Government agencies, 10

and United States military combatant commands 11

with respect to countering efforts by the Government 12

of the Russian Federation to undermine the national 13

security, political sovereignty, democratic institu-14

tions, and economic activity of the United States 15

and its United States allies, including by— 16

(A) ensuring that each such element is 17

aware of and coordinating on such efforts; and 18

(B) overseeing the development and imple-19

mentation of comprehensive and integrated pol-20

icy responses to such efforts. 21

(3) In coordination with the head of the Global 22

Engagement Center established by section 1287 of 23

the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 24

Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 25


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note), to examine current and emerging efforts by 1

malign state actors to use propaganda and 2

disinformation operations, including— 3

(A) traditional media platforms such as 4

television, radio, and print; and 5

(B) social media platforms and other 6

Internet communication tools. 7

(4) To identify and close gaps across the de-8

partments and agencies of the Federal Government 9

with respect to expertise, readiness, and planning to 10

address the threats posed by the Government of the 11

Russian Federation. 12

(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 13

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Center 14

shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-15

mittees every 180 days a report on threats posed by 16

the Russian Federation to the national security, sov-17

ereignty, and economic activity of the United States 18

and its allies. 19

(2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—Each report under 20

paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the pe-21

riod covered by the report, a discussion of the fol-22

lowing: 23

(A) The nature, extent, and execution of 24

the threats described in such paragraph. 25


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(B) The ability of the United States Gov-1

ernment to identify and defend against such 2

threats. 3

(C) The progress of the Center in achiev-4

ing its missions, including through coordination 5

with other governments and multilateral organi-6

zations. 7

(D) Recommendations the Director deter-8

mines necessary for legislative actions to im-9

prove the ability of the Center to achieve its 10

missions. 11

(3) FORM.—Each report under paragraph (1) 12

shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-13

clude a classified annex. 14

(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 15





the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 20

Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance 21

of the Senate; and 22




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mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 1

Representatives. 2

(2) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The term 3

‘‘intelligence community’’ means an element of the 4

intelligence community specified or designated under 5

section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947. 6

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 7

are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 8

necessary to carry out this section. 9

SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND. 10

(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 11

authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian 12

Influence Fund described in section 7070(d) of the De-13

partment of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Pro-14

grams Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law 15

115–31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 16

2020 and 2021. 17

(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts in the Countering 18

Russian Influence Fund shall be used in countries of Eu-19

rope and Eurasia the Secretary of State has determined 20

are vulnerable to malign influence by the Russian Federa-21

tion to effectively implement, subject to the availability of 22

funds, the following goals: 23

(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastruc-24

ture and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks. 25


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(2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of 1

law, and otherwise strengthen independent judi-2

ciaries and prosecutors general offices. 3

(3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and 4

instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and 5

occupations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by 6

the Russian Federation. 7

(4) To improve participatory legislative proc-8

esses and legal education, political transparency and 9

competition, and compliance with international obli-10

gations. 11

(5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, 12

and other nongovernmental organizations countering 13

the influence and propaganda of the Russian Fed-14

eration to combat corruption, prioritize access to 15

truthful information, and operate freely in all re-16

gions. 17

(6) To assist the Secretary of State in exe-18

cuting the functions specified in section 1239(b) of 19

the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 20

Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 113 21

note) for the purposes of recognizing, understanding, 22

exposing, and countering propaganda and 23

disinformation efforts by foreign governments, in co-24

ordination with the relevant regional Assistant Sec-25


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retary or Assistant Secretaries of the Department of 1

State. 2

(c) REVISION OF ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH AMOUNTS 3

MAY BE USED.—The Secretary of State may modify a 4

goal described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days 5

before revising such goal, the Secretary notifies the appro-6

priate congressional committees of the revision. 7

(d) IMPLEMENTATION.— 8

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall, 9

acting through the Coordinator of United States As-10

sistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursu-11

ant to section 601 of the Support for East European 12

Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5461) 13

and section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and 14

Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets 15

Support Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5812)), and in con-16

sultation with the Administrator for the United 17

States Agency for International Development, the 18

Director of the Global Engagement Center of the 19

Department of State, the Secretary of Defense, 20

EUCOM, the Chief Executive Officer of the United 21

States Agency for Global Media, and the heads of 22

other relevant Federal agencies, coordinate and 23

carry out activities to achieve the goals described in 24

subsection (b). 25


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(2) METHOD.—Activities to achieve the goals 1

described in subsection (b) shall be carried out 2

through— 3

(A) initiatives of the United States Gov-4

ernment; 5

(B) Federal grant programs such as the 6

Information Access Fund; 7

(C) nongovernmental or international orga-8

nizations; or 9

(D) support exchanges with countries fac-10

ing state-sponsored disinformation and pressure 11

campaigns, particularly in Europe and Eurasia, 12

provided that a portion of the funds are made 13

available through a process whereby the Bureau 14

of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the De-15

partment of State solicits proposals from posts 16

located in affected countries to counter state- 17

sponsored disinformation and hybrid threats, 18

promote democracy, and support exchanges 19

with countries facing state-sponsored 20

disinformation and pressure campaigns. 21

(3) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.— 22

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1 23

of each year, the Secretary of State, acting 24

through the Coordinator of United States As-25


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sistance to Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to 1

the appropriate congressional committees a re-2

port on the programs and activities carried out 3

to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) 4

during the preceding fiscal year. 5

(B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by 6

subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to 7

each program or activity described in that sub-8

paragraph— 9

(i) the amount of funding for the pro-10

gram or activity; 11

(ii) the goal described in subsection 12

(b) to which the program or activity re-13

lates; and 14

(iii) an assessment of whether or not 15

the goal was met. 16

(e) COORDINATION WITH GLOBAL PARTNERS.— 17

(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to maximize im-18

pact, eliminate duplication, and speed the achieve-19

ment of the goals described in subsection (b), the 20

Secretary of State shall ensure coordination with— 21

(A) the European Union and its institu-22

tions; 23


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(B) the governments of countries that are 1

members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-2

zation or the European Union; and 3

(C) international organizations and quasi- 4

governmental funding entities that carry out 5

programs and activities that seek to accomplish 6

the goals described in subsection (b). 7

(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-8

tion shall be construed to apply to or limit United States 9

foreign assistance not provided using amounts available in 10

the Countering Russian Influence Fund. 11

(g) EXPANSION OF PILOT PROGRAM.— 12

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 13

expand the pilot program required under section 14

254(g) of the Countering America’s Adversaries 15

Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)) to hire 16

additional personnel within the Bureau for Democ-17

racy, Human Rights, and Labor to develop and im-18

plement programs focused on combating corruption, 19

improving rule of law, and building capacity of civil 20

society, political parties, and independent media. 21

(2) REPORT ON ENSURING ADEQUATE STAFF-22

ING FOR GOVERNANCE ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 23

90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 24

the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee 25


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on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appro-1

priations of the Senate and the Committee on For-2

eign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of 3

the House of Representatives a report on implemen-4

tation of the pilot program required under section 5

254(g) of the Countering Russian Influence in Eu-6

rope and Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)). 7

(h) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 8

DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-9

gressional committees’’ means— 10




and 14




resentatives. 18

SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS 19

EUROPE AND EURASIA. 20


(1) the Government of the Russian Federation 22

has applied, and continues to apply traditional uses 23

of force, intelligence operations, cyber attacks, and 24

influence campaigns, including through the use of 25


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corruption, disinformation, and cultural and social 1

influence, which represent clear and present threats 2

to the countries of Europe and Eurasia; 3

(2) in response, governments in Europe and 4

Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience 5

within their institutions, political systems, and civil 6

societies; 7

(3) the United States Government supports the 8

democratic and rule of law-based institutions that 9

the Government of the Russian Federation seeks to 10

undermine, including the North Atlantic Treaty Or-11

ganization, the Organization for Security and Co-12

operation in Europe, and the European Union; 13

(4) the United States Government should con-14

tinue to work with and strengthen such institutions, 15

including the European Union, as a partner against 16

aggression by the Government of the Russian Fed-17

eration through the coordination of aid programs, 18

development assistance, and other efforts to counter 19

malign Russian influence; 20


tinue to work with the individual countries of Eu-22

rope and Eurasia to bolster efforts to counter ma-23

lign Russian influence in all its forms; and 24


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(6) the United States Government should in-1

crease assistance and diplomatic efforts in Europe, 2

including in European Union and NATO countries, 3

to address threats to fundamental human rights and 4

backsliding in rule of law protections, operating 5

space for independent media and civil society, and 6

other democratic institutions, whose strength is crit-7

ical to defending against malign Russian influence 8

over the long term. 9

SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUS-10

SIAN FEDERATION OF INTERPOL RED NO-11

TICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS. 12

(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-13

ings: 14

(1) The International Criminal Police Organiza-15

tion (commonly known as ‘‘INTERPOL’’) works to 16

prevent and fight crime through enhanced coopera-17

tion and innovation on police and security matters, 18

including counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter-19

narcotics, and transnational organized crime. 20

(2) United States membership and participation 21

in INTERPOL advances the national security and 22

law enforcement interests of the United States re-23

lated to combating counterterrorism, cybercrime, 24


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counternarcotics, and combating transnational orga-1

nized crime. 2

(3) Article 2 of INTERPOL’s Constitution 3

states that the organization aims ‘‘[t]o ensure and 4

promote the widest possible mutual assistance be-5

tween all criminal police authorities [. . .] in the 6

spirit of the ‘Universal Declaration of Human 7

Rights’ ’’. 8

(4) Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution 9

states that, ‘‘[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organi-10

zation to undertake any intervention or activities of 11

a political, military, religious or racial character.’’. 12

(5) Independent international nongovernmental 13

organizations have documented how several 14

INTERPOL member countries, including the Gov-15

ernment of the Russian Federation and others, have 16

used INTERPOL’s processes, including the red no-17

tice and red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of 18

a political character. 19

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-20

gress that the Government of the Russian Federation and 21

the governments of certain other countries have repeatedly 22

abused and misused INTERPOL’s red notice and red dif-23

fusion mechanisms for overtly political purposes and ac-24


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tivities such as harassing or persecuting political oppo-1

nents, human rights defenders, or journalists. 2

(c) CENSURE OF ABUSIVE ACTIVITY AND INSTITU-3

TIONAL REFORMS.—The Attorney General, in coordina-4

tion with the Secretary of State, shall use the voice, vote, 5

and influence of the United States at INTERPOL— 6

(1) to inform the General Secretariat about 7

cases in which countries are misusing its systems for 8

activities of a political character or other purposes 9

contrary to INTERPOL’s Constitution, so that ap-10

propriate measures may be taken by INTERPOL; 11

(2) to advance institutional reforms at 12

INTERPOL, including in the General Secretariat, 13

the Commission for the Control of Files, and the 14

Notices and Diffusions Task Force within the Gen-15

eral Secretariat, to prevent member countries from 16

abusing and misusing INTERPOL’s red notice and 17

diffusion mechanisms; 18

(3) to increase, to the extent practicable, dedi-19

cated funding to the Commission for the Control of 20

Files and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force in 21

order to further expand operations related to the re-22

view of requests for red notices and red diffusions; 23

and 24


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(4) to censure member countries that repeatedly 1

abuse and misuse INTERPOL’s red notice and red 2

diffusion mechanisms, including restricting the ac-3

cess of those countries to INTERPOL’s data sys-4

tems. 5

(d) REPORT ON UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR 6

INTERPOL REFORMS.— 7



of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, 10

shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-11

mittees an unclassified report on United States sup-12

port for institutional reforms at INTERPOL that 13

are necessary to address abuse and misuse of 14

INTERPOL’s red notice and red diffusion mecha-15

nisms. 16

(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by para-17

graph (1) shall include— 18

(A) to the extent feasible, a description of 19

United States support for reforms that increase 20

INTERPOL’s transparency with respect to— 21

(i) the number of red notices and red 22

diffusions requested by each member coun-23

try; 24


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(ii) the number or proportion of re-1

quests for red notice or red diffusions re-2

jected by INTERPOL, following internal 3

review, for each member country; 4

(iii) how INTERPOL’s General Secre-5

tariat identifies requests for red notice or 6

red diffusions that are politically motivated 7

or are otherwise in violation of 8

INTERPOL’s rules; and 9

(iv) how INTERPOL reviews and ad-10

dresses cases in which a member country 11

has abused or misused the red notice and 12

red diffusion mechanisms for overtly polit-13

ical purposes; and 14

(B) a list of countries that the Secretary 15

determines have repeatedly abused and misused 16

the red notice and red diffusion mechanisms for 17

political purposes. 18

(3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The report re-19

quired by paragraph (1) shall be posted on a pub-20

licly available interest website of the Department of 21

State and of the Department of Justice. 22

(e) PROHIBITION AGAINST ACTION ON ABUSIVE RED 23

NOTICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS.—An official of the 24

United States may not take any action against a person 25


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based solely on the issuance of an INTERPOL red notice 1

or red diffusion issued by a country identified on the list 2

required by paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in con-3

sultation with the Attorney General, determines and cer-4

tifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the 5

red notice or red diffusion was not issued for political pur-6

poses. 7

(f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-8

FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-9

sional committees’’ means— 10

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 11

the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and 12

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 13

Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-14

resentatives. 15

SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES 16

AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY BY THE 17

RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA. 18

(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-19

ings: 20

(1) In March 2016, Amnesty International 21

issued a report stating, ‘‘Syrian and Russian forces 22

have been deliberately attacking health facilities in 23

flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. 24

But what is truly egregious is that wiping out hos-25


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pitals appears to have become part of their military 1

strategy.’’. 2

(2) On September 21, 2017, Department of 3

State Spokesperson Heather Nauert said, ‘‘The 4

United States is concerned by reports of airstrikes 5

in Idlib province and northern Hama province on 6

September 19 and 20 that killed at least three med-7

ical personnel and damaged a number of medical fa-8

cilities, emergency equipment, and civil defense cen-9

ters. These attacks fit an all-too-familiar pattern in 10

which medical facilities and personnel—and the civil-11

ians they serve—are victims of strikes by the Syrian 12

regime and its Russian allies.’’. 13

(3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian air-14

strikes in rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit 15

at least 9 medical facilities. In a statement on Feb-16

ruary 10, 2018, the office of Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, 17

the United Nations High Commissioner for Human 18

Rights, said the airstrikes ‘‘may, depending on the 19

circumstances, all constitute war crimes’’. 20

(4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations 21

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on 22

the Syrian Arab Republic noted, ‘‘[I]n one particu-23

larly harmful attack on 13 November, the Russian 24

Air Force carried out airstrikes on a densely popu-25


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lated civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at least 1

84 people and injuring another 150. Using unguided 2

weapons, the attack struck a market, police station, 3

shops, and a restaurant, and may amount to a war 4

crime.’’. 5

(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State 6


a report on alleged war crimes and crimes against human-8

ity attributable to the Government of the Russian Federa-9

tion or paramilitary forces or contractors responsive to the 10

direction of that Government during the operations of that 11

Government in Syria— 12

(1) not later than 60 days after the date of the 13

enactment of this Act; and 14

(2) not later than 180 days after the date on 15

which the Secretary of State determines that the vio-16

lence in Syria has ceased. 17

(c) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subsection 18

(b) shall include the following: 19

(1) A description of alleged war crimes and 20

crimes against humanity described in subsection (b), 21

including— 22

(A) any such alleged crimes that may vio-23

late the principle of medical neutrality and, if 24

possible, an identification of the individual or 25


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individuals who engaged in or organized such 1

crimes; and 2

(B) if possible, a description of the conven-3

tional and unconventional weapons used for 4

such alleged crimes and the origins of such 5

weapons. 6

(2) An assessment of whether such alleged 7

crimes constitute war crimes or crimes against hu-8

manity, including genocide. 9

(3) A description and assessment by the Office 10

of Global Criminal Justice of the Department of 11

State, the United States Agency for International 12

Development, the Department of Justice, and other 13

appropriate Federal agencies, of programs that the 14

United States Government has undertaken to ensure 15

accountability for such alleged crimes, including pro-16

grams— 17

(A) to train investigators within and out-18

side of Syria on how to document, investigate, 19

develop findings with respect to, and identify 20

and locate alleged perpetrators of, such alleged 21

crimes, including— 22

(i) the number of United States Gov-23

ernment or contractor personnel currently 24


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designated to work full-time on such train-1

ing; and 2

(ii) an identification of the authorities 3

and appropriations being used to support 4

such training; and 5

(B) to document, collect, preserve, and 6

protect evidence of such alleged crimes, includ-7

ing support for Syrian, foreign, and inter-8

national nongovernmental organizations, and 9

other entities, including the International, Im-10

partial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in 11

the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons 12

Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under 13

International Law Committed in the Syrian 14

Arab Republic since March 2011 and the Inde-15

pendent International Commission of Inquiry 16

on the Syrian Arab Republic of the United Na-17

tions. 18

(d) PROTECTION OF WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE.— 19

In preparing the report required by subsection (b), the 20

Secretary shall take due care to ensure that the identities 21

of witnesses and physical evidence are not publicly dis-22

closed in a manner that might place such witnesses at risk 23

of harm or encourage the destruction of such evidence by 24

the Government of the Russian Federation or the Govern-25


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ment of Syria, violent extremist groups, anti-government 1

forces, or any other combatants or participants in the con-2

flict in Syria. 3

(e) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (b) 4

may be submitted in unclassified or classified form, but 5

shall include a publicly available annex. 6







and 13




resentatives. 17

SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED-18

ERATION IN SYRIA. 19


date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 21

Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State 22

and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appro-23

priate congressional committees and leadership a report 24

that includes— 25


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(1) an assessment of the willingness and capac-1

ity of the Government of the Russian Federation to 2

ensure the removal of Iranian forces, Iran-aligned 3

and Iran-directed militias and paramilitaries, and 4

other armed group responsive to the direction of 5

Iran, from the territory of Syria; 6

(2) a list of policies, actions, or activities that 7

the Government of the Russian Federation would 8

take if that Government were willing to ensure the 9

removal of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and 10

other armed groups described in paragraph (1) from 11

the territory of Syria; 12


the Government of the Russian Federation would 14

take to ensure the removal of the forces, militias, 15

paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in 16

paragraph (1) from the territory of Syria if that 17

Government were capable of doing so; 18

(4) an assessment of whether any of the poli-19

cies, actions, or activities described in paragraph (2) 20

or (3) are being taken by the Government of the 21


(5) an assessment of the specific commitments 23

made by officials of the Government of the Russian 24

Federation to officials of the Government of Israel 25


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with respect to the Golan Heights and the presence 1

of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other 2

armed groups described in paragraph (1) in the ter-3

ritory of Syria; 4

(6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and 5

knowledge directly or indirectly transferred by the 6

Government of the Russian Federation to the regime 7

of Bashar al-Assad, Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, or 8

Iran-aligned forces in Syria that threaten the secu-9

rity and qualitative military edge of Israel; and 10

(7) an assessment of whether the presence of 11

Russian forces and Russian contractors in Syria lim-12

its the options of the Government of Israel in taking 13

steps to ensure its security from threats emanating 14

from the territory of Syria. 15

(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 16

shall be submitted in an unclassified form but may include 17

a classified annex. 18

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 19

AND LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term 20

‘‘appropriate congressional committees and leadership’’ 21

means— 22




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fairs, and the majority and minority leaders of the 1

Senate; and 2


Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 4

Ways and Means, and the Speaker, the majority 5

leader, and the minority leader of the House of Rep-6

resentatives. 7

SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS 8

NEMTSOV. 9


date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 11

in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, 12


and leadership a report detailing the circumstances of the 14

assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian opposition 15

leader Boris Nemtsov, including— 16

(1) a list of the individuals the Secretary deter-17

mines to have been involved in the assassination as 18

perpetrators or as having organized or directed the 19

assassination; 20

(2) a description of what measures, if any, have 21

been taken by the Government of the Russian Fed-22

eration to investigate the assassination and bring the 23

individuals described in paragraph (1) to justice; 24

and 25


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(3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those 1

measures. 2

(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 3

shall be submitted in an unclassified form but may include 4

a classified annex. 5

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 6

AND LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term 7

‘‘appropriate congressional committees and leadership’’ 8

means— 9



fairs, the Committee on Finance, and the majority 12

and minority leaders of the Senate; and 13


Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 15

Ways and Means, and the Speaker, the majority 16

leader, and the minority leader of the House of Rep-17

resentatives. 18

SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND AS-19

SETS OF VLADIMIR PUTIN. 20



Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congressional 23

committees a detailed report on the personal net worth 24


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and assets of the President of the Russian Federation, 1

Vladimir Putin, including— 2

(1) the estimated net worth and known sources 3

of income of Vladimir Putin and his family mem-4

bers, including assets, investments, bank accounts, 5

other business interests, and relevant beneficial own-6

ership information; and 7

(2) an identification of the most significant sen-8

ior foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Rus-9

sian Federation, as determined by their closeness to 10

Vladimir Putin. 11

(b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 12

subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form 13

but may include a classified annex. 14

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-15






and 21




resentatives. 25


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SEC. 712. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF 1

TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES FOR STATE-SPON-2

SORED DISINFORMATION. 3

It is the sense of Congress that technology compa-4

nies, particularly social media companies, share responsi-5

bility for ensuring that their platforms are free of 6

disinformation sponsored by the Government of the Rus-7

sian Federation and other foreign governments. 8

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 9

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘De-10


of 2019’’. 12

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 13

this Act is as follows: 14

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.


Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea.

TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY

ORGANIZATION

Subtitle A—Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO

Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North Atlantic Treaty.

Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds.

Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent Senate in opposi-

tion to withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty.

Sec. 104. Reporting requirement.

Subtitle B—Strengthening the NATO Alliance

Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States diplomatic pos-

ture.

Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer program.

Sec. 113. Protection of NATO from harmful defense systems.



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TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy Modernization

Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts.

Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy.

Subtitle B—Other Matters

Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to cyberspace policy.

Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State.


TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION


Sec. 302. Findings.

Sec. 303. Statement of policy.

Sec. 304. Report on production and use of chemical and biological weapons by

the Russian Federation.

Sec. 305. Authorization of appropriations.

Sec. 306. Chemical Weapons Convention defined.

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT


Sec. 402. Predicate offenses.

Sec. 403. Forfeiture.

Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets.

Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.

Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture.

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE

Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems.

Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in United States elections.

TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

Subtitle A—Expansion of Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions

Act

Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions.

Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian Federation with demo-

cratic processes and elections.

Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian Federation with respect

to Ukraine.

Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments.

Subtitle B—Expansion of Sanctions Relating to Human Rights Abuses

Sec. 611. Imposition of sanctions with respect to assassinations committed by the

Russian Federation within the territory of the United States or

NATO member countries.

Sec. 612. Repeal of sunset for Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability

Act.

Sec. 613. Congressional review and continued applicability of sanctions under the

Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012.


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Subtitle C—Coordination With the European Union

Sec. 621. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with respect to sanctions

with respect to the Russian Federation.

Sec. 622. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department of State.

Sec. 623. Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States and Eu-

ropean Union.

Subtitle D—Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian

Federation


Sec. 632. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian Fed-

eration.

Sec. 633. Report on section 224 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through

Sanctions Act.


Sanctions Act.


Sanctions Act.


Sanctions Act.


Sanctions Act.


Sanctions Act.

Subtitle E—General Provisions

Sec. 651. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

Sec. 652. Rule of construction.

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian Federation as a state

sponsor of terrorism.

Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes Enforce-

ment Network.

Sec. 703. Sense of Congress on extension of limitations on importation of ura-

nium from Russian Federation.

Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond to threats from

the Government of the Russian Federation.

Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund.

Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia.

Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian Federation of INTERPOL

red notices and red diffusions.

Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity

by the Russian Federation in Syria.

Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in Syria.

Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov.

Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of Vladimir Putin.

Sec. 712. Report on the threat posed by Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin and

his affiliated structures to United States national security.

Sec. 713. Statement of policy on violations of LGBTI human rights.


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Sec. 714. Addressing obstruction by the Russian Federation of multilateral action

through the United Nations Security Council.

Sec. 715. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology companies for state-

sponsored disinformation.

Sec. 716. Sense of Congress on political prisoners in the Russian Federation.

Sec. 717. Sense of Congress on policy with respect to the Russian Federation in

Africa.



(1) the President should immediately marshal 3

and support a whole-of-government response by Fed-4

eral agencies to address the threat posed by the Gov-5

ernment of the Russian Federation and to work to 6

prevent interference by that Government and other 7

foreign state actors in United States institutions and 8

democratic processes; 9

(2) the President should publicly call for the 10

Government of the Russian Federation to return Cri-11

mea to the control of the Government of Ukraine, end 12

its support for Russian-led forces violence in eastern 13

Ukraine, end its occupation of and support for Rus-14

sian-led forces on the territory of Georgia and 15

Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal regime of 16

Bashar al-Assad in Syria to commit war crimes; 17

(3) the Russian Federation should abide by its 18

commitments to freedom of navigation in inter-19

national waters and allow for passage of Ukrainian 20

vessels through the strait; 21


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(4) the President should unequivocally condemn 1

and counter the ongoing interference in United States 2

institutions and democratic processes by the President 3

of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, his gov-4

ernment, and affiliates of his government; 5

(5) the conclusion of the United States intel-6

ligence community and law enforcement agencies and 7

other United States Government officials that the 8

Russian Federation has perpetrated, and continues to 9

perpetrate, such interference, is correct; 10

(6) the United States should continue to partici-11

pate actively as a member of the North Atlantic Trea-12

ty Organization by— 13

(A) upholding the Organization’s core prin-14

ciples of collective defense, democratic rule of 15

law, and peaceful settlement of disputes; 16

(B) boosting coordination and deterrence 17

capacity among member countries; and 18

(C) supporting accession processes of pro-19

spective member countries who meet the obliga-20

tions of membership. 21

(7) Congress reiterates its strong support for the 22

Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 23

9511), which allows for congressional review of an ac-24

tion to waive the application of sanctions under the 25


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provisions of the Countering America’s Adversaries 1

Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 2

Stat. 886) relating to the Russian Federation or a li-3

censing action that significantly alters United States 4

foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation; 5

and 6

(8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Rus-7

sian Federation have been most effective when devel-8

oped and coordinated in close consultation with the 9

European Union. 10

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA. 11


(1) the United States will never recognize the il-13

legal attempted annexation of Crimea by the Russian 14

Federation, similar to the 1940 Welles Declaration in 15

which the United States refused to recognized the So-16

viet annexation of the Baltic States; 17

(2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of 18

Ukraine; 19

(3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United 20

States rejects attempts to change the status, demo-21

graphics, or political nature of Crimea; 22

(4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering 23

support for democracy, human rights, and the rule of 24


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law for all individuals in Crimea, including non- 1

Russian ethnic groups and religious minorities; 2

(5) the United States condemns all human rights 3

violations against individuals in Crimea, and under-4

scores the culpability of the Government of the Rus-5

sian Federation for such violations while the territory 6

of Crimea is under illegal Russian occupation; 7

(6) the United States, in coordination with the 8

European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-9

zation, and members of the international community, 10

should prioritize efforts to prevent the further consoli-11

dation of illegal occupying powers in Crimea, reaf-12

firm unified opposition to the actions of the Russian 13

Federation in Crimea, and secure the human rights 14

of individuals there; and 15

(7) the United States welcomes the sanctions that 16

have been imposed and maintained as of the date of 17

the enactment of this Act by the United States and 18

the European Union against persons engaged in fur-19

thering the illegal occupation of Crimea by the Rus-20

sian Federation. 21


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TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO 1

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 2

ORGANIZATION 3

Subtitle A—Opposition of the 4

Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 5

SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL 6

FROM NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. 7

The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the United 8

States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, 9

D.C., April 4, 1949. 10

SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS. 11

No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may 12

be used to support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on the 13

part of any United States Government official to take steps 14

to withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic 15

Treaty, done at Washington, D.C., April 4, 1949, until such 16

time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative vote of two- 17

thirds of Members, a resolution advising and consenting to 18

the withdrawal of the United States from the treaty. 19

SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL 20

TO REPRESENT SENATE IN OPPOSITION TO 21

WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC 22

TREATY. 23

The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent 24

the Senate in initiating or intervening in any judicial pro-25


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ceedings in any Federal court of competent jurisdiction, on 1

behalf of the Senate, in order to oppose any withdrawal of 2

the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty in the 3

absence of the passage by the Senate of a resolution de-4

scribed in section 102. 5

SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 6

The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as prac-7

ticable to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 8

with respect to any judicial proceedings which the Senate 9

Legal Counsel initiates or in which it intervenes pursuant 10

to this title. 11

Subtitle B—Strengthening the 12

NATO Alliance 13

SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND 14

UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC POSTURE. 15



after, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Sec-18

retary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 19

congressional committees providing an assessment of the 20

threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and 21

United States diplomatic posture. 22

(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under subsection 23

(a) shall include the following elements: 24


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(1) A review of current and emerging United 1

States national security interests in the NATO area 2

of responsibility. 3

(2) A review of current United States political 4

and diplomatic engagement and political-military co-5

ordination with NATO and NATO member states. 6

(3) Options for the realignment of United States 7

engagement with NATO to respond to new threats 8

and challenges presented by the Government of the 9

Russian Federation to the NATO alliance, as well as 10

new opportunities presented by allies and partners. 11

(4) The views of counterpart governments, in-12

cluding heads of state, heads of government, political 13

leaders, and military commanders in the region. 14

SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES 15

TRANSFER PROGRAM. 16

(a) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 17

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in 18

consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 19

appropriate congressional committees a report with rec-20

ommendations regarding the need for and suitability of 21

transferring excess defense articles under this section to 22

countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis 23

on the foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those member 24


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states currently purchasing defense articles or services from 1


(b) PERIOD FOR REVIEW BY CONGRESS OF REC-3

OMMENDATIONS FOR EDA TRANSFER TO NATO MEM-4

BERS.—During the 30-calendar day period following sub-5

mission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required 6

under subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations 7

of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 8

House of Representatives shall, as appropriate, hold hear-9

ings and briefings and otherwise obtain information in 10

order to fully review the recommendations included in the 11

report. 12

(c) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—The President is author-13

ized to transfer such excess defense articles in a fiscal year 14

as the Secretary of Defense recommends pursuant to this 15

section to countries for which receipt of such articles was 16

justified pursuant to the annual congressional presentation 17

documents for military assistance programs, or for which 18

receipt of such articles was separately justified to Congress, 19

for such fiscal year. 20

(d) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The President may 21

transfer excess defense articles under this section only if— 22

(1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks 23

of the Department of Defense; 24


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(2) funds available to the Department of Defense 1

for the procurement of defense equipment are not ex-2

pended in connection with the transfer; 3

(3) the President determines that the transfer of 4

such articles will not have an adverse impact on the 5

military readiness of the United States; 6

(4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such 7

articles on a grant basis, the President determines 8

that the transfer is preferable to a transfer on a sales 9

basis, after taking into account the potential proceeds 10

from, and likelihood of, such sales, and the compara-11

tive foreign policy benefits that may accrue to the 12

United States as the result of a transfer on either a 13

grant or sales basis; and 14

(5) the President determines that the transfer of 15

such articles will not have an adverse impact on the 16

national technology and industrial base and, particu-17

larly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities in 18

the national technology and industrial base to sell 19

new or used equipment to the countries to which such 20

articles are transferred. 21

(e) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.— 22

(1) NO COST TO RECIPIENT COUNTRY.—Excess 23

defense articles may be transferred under this section 24

without cost to the recipient country. 25


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(2) PRIORITY.—Notwithstanding any other pro-1

vision of law, the delivery of excess defense articles 2

under this section to member countries of NATO that 3

still purchase defense goods and services from the Rus-4

sian Federation and pledge to decrease such purchases 5

shall be given priority to the maximum extent feasible 6

over the delivery of such excess defense articles to 7

other countries. 8

(3) TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED COSTS.— 9

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 10

subparagraph (B), funds available to the Depart-11

ment of Defense may not be expended for crating, 12

packing, handling, and transportation of excess 13

defense articles transferred under the authority 14

of this section. 15

(B) EXCEPTION.—The President may pro-16

vide for the transportation of excess defense arti-17

cles without charge to a country for the costs of 18

such transportation if— 19

(i) it is determined that it is in the 20

national interest of the United States to do 21

so; 22

(ii) the recipient is a NATO member 23

state currently purchasing defense goods 24


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and services from the Russian Federation 1

that has pledged to reduce such purchases; 2

(iii) the total weight of the transfer 3

does not exceed 50,000 pounds; and 4

(iv) such transportation is accom-5

plished on a space available basis. 6

SEC. 113. PROTECTION OF NATO FROM HARMFUL DEFENSE 7

SYSTEMS. 8

The United States mission to NATO shall pursue an 9

agreement that NATO members will not acquire defense 10

technology incompatible with the security of NATO systems. 11




TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-15

tees’’ means— 16

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 17


mittee on Appropriations of the Senate; and 19



mittee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-22

resentatives. 23

(2) NATO.—The term ‘‘NATO’’ means the North 24

Atlantic Treaty Organization. 25


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TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING 1

TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 2

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy 3

Modernization 4

SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND EF-5

FORTS. 6

The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public 7

Affairs of the Department of State shall— 8

(1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency of 9

operations, including through improved coordination 10

of efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and offices 11

of the Department; and 12

(2) maximize shared use of resources between, 13

and within, such public diplomacy bureaus and of-14

fices in cases in which programs, facilities, or admin-15

istrative functions are duplicative or substantially 16

overlapping. 17

SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF PUB-18

LIC DIPLOMACY. 19

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall— 20

(1) conduct regular research and evaluation of 21

public diplomacy programs and activities of the De-22

partment, including through the routine use of audi-23

ence research, digital analytics, and impact evalua-24


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tions, to plan and execute such programs and activi-1

ties; and 2

(2) make the findings of the research and evalua-3

tions conducted under paragraph (1) available to 4

Congress. 5

(b) DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 6

(1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 90 days after 7


shall appoint a Director of Research and Evaluation 9

in the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for 10

the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public 11

Affairs. 12

(2) LIMITATION ON APPOINTMENT.—The ap-13

pointment of a Director of Research and Evaluation 14

pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an in-15

crease in the overall full-time equivalent positions 16

within the Department. 17

(3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of Re-18

search and Evaluation shall— 19

(A) coordinate and oversee the research and 20

evaluation of public diplomacy programs of the 21

Department of State— 22

(i) to improve public diplomacy strate-23

gies and tactics; and 24


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(ii) to ensure that programs are in-1

creasing the knowledge, understanding, and 2

trust of the United States among relevant 3

target audiences; 4

(B) report to the Director of Policy and 5

Planning in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 6

Resources under the Under Secretary for Public 7

Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Depart-8

ment; 9

(C) routinely organize and oversee audience 10

research, digital analytics, and impact evalua-11

tions across all public diplomacy bureaus and of-12

fices of the Department; 13

(D) support embassy public affairs sections; 14

(E) share appropriate public diplomacy re-15

search and evaluation information within the 16

Department and with other Federal departments 17

and agencies; 18

(F) regularly design and coordinate stand-19

ardized research questions, methodologies, and 20

procedures to ensure that public diplomacy ac-21

tivities across all public diplomacy bureaus and 22

offices are designed to meet appropriate foreign 23

policy objectives; and 24


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(G) report biannually to the United States 1

Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2

through the Commission’s Subcommittee on Re-3

search and Evaluation established pursuant to 4

subsection (f), regarding the research and evalua-5

tion of all public diplomacy bureaus and offices 6

of the Department. 7

(4) GUIDANCE AND TRAINING.—Not later than 8

one year after the appointment of the Director of Re-9

search and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1), 10

the Director shall create guidance and training for all 11

public diplomacy officers regarding the reading and 12

interpretation of public diplomacy program evalua-13

tion findings to ensure that such findings and lessons 14

learned are implemented in the planning and evalua-15

tion of all public diplomacy programs and activities 16

throughout the Department. 17

(c) PRIORITIZING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 18

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of Policy, Plan-19

ning, and Resources shall ensure that research and 20

evaluation, as coordinated and overseen by the Direc-21

tor of Research and Evaluation, supports strategic 22

planning and resource allocation across all public di-23

plomacy bureaus and offices of the Department. 24


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(2) ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.—Amounts allo-1

cated for the purposes of research and evaluation of 2

public diplomacy programs and activities pursuant 3

to subsection (a) shall be made available to be dis-4

bursed at the direction of the Director of Research 5

and Evaluation among the research and evaluation 6

staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices 7

of the Department. 8

(3) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 9

Congress that— 10

(A) the Under Secretary for Public Diplo-11

macy and Public Affairs of the Department of 12

State should coordinate the human and financial 13

resources that support the Department’s public 14

diplomacy and public affairs programs and ac-15

tivities; 16

(B) proposals or plans related to resource 17

allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and of-18

fices should be routed through the Office of the 19

Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Pub-20

lic Affairs for review and clearance; and 21

(C) the Department should allocate, for the 22

purposes of research and evaluation of public di-23

plomacy activities and programs pursuant to 24

subsection (a)— 25


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(i) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 1

made available under the heading ‘‘EDU-2

CATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PRO-3

GRAMS’’; and 4

(ii) 3 to 5 percent of program funds al-5

located for public diplomacy programs 6

under the heading ‘‘DIPLOMATIC AND CON-7

SULAR PROGRAMS’’. 8

(d) LIMITED EXEMPTION.—Chapter 35 of title 44, 9

United States Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Paperwork 10

Reduction Act’’) shall not apply to collections of informa-11

tion directed at foreign individuals conducted by, or on be-12

half of, the Department of State for the purpose of audience 13

research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connection 14

with the Department’s activities conducted pursuant to the 15

United States Information and Educational Exchange Act 16

of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the Mutual Educational 17

and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et 18

seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense Authorization 19

Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 20

2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 21

U.S.C. 2151 et seq.). 22

(e) LIMITED EXEMPTION TO THE PRIVACY ACT.—The 23

Department shall maintain, collect, use, and disseminate 24

records (as such term is defined in section 552a(a)(4) of 25


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title 5, United States Code) for research and data analysis 1

of public diplomacy efforts intended for foreign audiences. 2

Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably tai-3

lored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall be 4

carried out with due regard for privacy and civil liberties 5

guidance and oversight. 6

(f) ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY.— 7

(1) SUBCOMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EVAL-8

UATION.—The Advisory Commission on Public Diplo-9

macy shall establish a Subcommittee for Research and 10

Evaluation to monitor and advise on the research and 11

evaluation activities of the Department and the 12

United States Agency for Global Media. 13

(2) REPORT.—The Subcommittee for Research 14

and Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph 15

(1) shall submit an annual report to Congress in con-16

junction with the Commission on Public Diplomacy’s 17

Comprehensive Annual Report on the performance of 18

the Department and the United States Agency for 19

Global Media in carrying out research and evalua-20

tions of their respective public diplomacy program-21

ming. 22

(3) REPEAL OF SUNSET.—Section 1334 of the 23

Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 24

1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553) is hereby repealed. 25


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(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 1

(1) AUDIENCE RESEARCH.—The term ‘‘audience 2

research’’ means research conducted at the outset of a 3

public diplomacy program or campaign planning 4

and design on specific audience segments to under-5

stand the attitudes, interests, knowledge, and behav-6

iors of such audience segments. 7

(2) DIGITAL ANALYTICS.—The term ‘‘digital 8

analytics’’ means the analysis of qualitative and 9

quantitative data, accumulated in digital format, to 10

indicate the outputs and outcomes of a public diplo-11

macy program or campaign. 12

(3) IMPACT EVALUATION.—The term ‘‘impact 13

evaluation’’ means an assessment of the changes in 14

the audience targeted by a public diplomacy program 15

or campaign that can be attributed to such program 16

or campaign. 17

(4) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY BUREAUS AND OF-18

FICES.—The term ‘‘public diplomacy bureaus and of-19

fices’’ means the Bureau of Educational and Cultural 20

Affairs, the Bureau of Public Affairs, the Office of 21

Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global Engage-22

ment Center, and the public diplomacy functions 23

within the regional and functional bureaus. 24


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Subtitle B—Other Matters 1

SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH 2

RESPECT TO CYBERSPACE POLICY. 3

(a) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL ECON-4

OMY.—Section 1 of the State Department Basic Authorities 5

Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended— 6

(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection 7

(h); and 8

(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following: 9

‘‘(g) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL ECON-10

OMY.— 11


the Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace and 13

the Digital Economy (referred to in this subsection as 14

the ‘Office’). The head of the Office shall have the rank 15

and status of ambassador and shall be appointed by 16

the President, by and with the advice and consent of 17

the Senate. 18

‘‘(2) DUTIES.— 19

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Office 20

shall perform such duties and exercise such pow-21

ers as the Secretary of State shall prescribe, in-22

cluding implementing the United States inter-23

national cyberspace policy strategy issued by the 24

Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to 25


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section 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (di-1

vision N of Public Law 114–113; 129 Stat. 2

2978). 3

‘‘(B) DUTIES DESCRIBED.—The principal 4

duties and responsibilities of the head of the Of-5

fice shall be— 6

‘‘(i) to serve as the principal cyber pol-7

icy official within the senior management of 8

the Department of State and as the advisor 9

to the Secretary of State for cyber issues; 10

‘‘(ii) to lead the Department of State’s 11

diplomatic cyberspace efforts, including ef-12

forts relating to international cybersecurity, 13

Internet access, Internet freedom, digital 14

economy, cybercrime, deterrence and inter-15

national responses to cyber threats, and 16

other issues that the Secretary assigns to the 17

Office; 18

‘‘(iii) to promote an open, interoper-19

able, reliable, unfettered, and secure infor-20

mation and communications technology in-21

frastructure for all critical infrastructure 22

globally; 23

‘‘(iv) to represent the Secretary of 24

State in interagency efforts to develop and 25


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advance cyberspace policy described in sub-1

paragraph (A); 2

‘‘(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts 3

and other relevant functions, including 4

countering terrorists’ use of cyberspace, 5

within the Department of State and with 6

other components of the United States Gov-7

ernment; 8

‘‘(vi) to act as a liaison to public and 9

private sector entities on relevant cyber-10

space issues; 11

‘‘(vii) to lead United States Govern-12

ment efforts to establish a global deterrence 13

framework; 14

‘‘(viii) to develop and execute adver-15

sary-specific strategies to influence adver-16

sary decisionmaking through the imposition 17

of costs and deterrence strategies; 18

‘‘(ix) to advise the Secretary and co-19

ordinate with foreign governments on exter-20

nal responses to national security level 21

cyber incidents, including coordination on 22

diplomatic response efforts to support allies 23

threatened by malicious cyber activity, in 24

conjunction with members of the North At-25


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lantic Treaty Organization and other like- 1

minded countries; 2

‘‘(x) to promote the adoption of na-3

tional processes and programs that enable 4

threat detection, prevention, and response to 5

malicious cyber activity emanating from 6

the territory of a foreign country, including 7

as such activity relates to the European al-8

lies of the United States, as appropriate; 9

‘‘(xi) to promote the building of foreign 10

capacity to protect the global network with 11

the goal of enabling like-minded participa-12

tion in deterrence frameworks; 13

‘‘(xii) to promote the maintenance of 14

an open and interoperable Internet gov-15

erned by the multi-stakeholder model, in-16

stead of by centralized government control; 17

‘‘(xiii) to promote an international 18

regulatory environment for technology in-19

vestments and the Internet that benefits 20

United States economic and national secu-21

rity interests; 22

‘‘(xiv) to promote cross border flow of 23

data and combat international initiatives 24


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seeking to impose unreasonable require-1

ments on United States businesses; 2

‘‘(xv) to promote international policies 3

to protect the integrity of United States and 4

international telecommunications infra-5

structure from foreign-based, cyber-enabled 6

threats; 7

‘‘(xvi) to serve as the interagency coor-8

dinator for the United States Government 9

on engagement with foreign governments on 10

cyberspace and digital economy issues de-11

scribed in the Defending American Security 12

from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019; 13

‘‘(xvii) to promote international poli-14

cies to secure radio frequency spectrum for 15

United States businesses and national secu-16

rity needs; 17

‘‘(xviii) to promote and protect the ex-18

ercise of human rights, including freedom of 19

speech and religion, through the Internet; 20

‘‘(xix) to build capacity of United 21

States diplomatic officials to engage on 22

cyber issues; 23

‘‘(xx) to encourage the development and 24

adoption by foreign countries of inter-25


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nationally recognized standards, policies, 1

and best practices; 2

‘‘(xxi) to promote and advance inter-3

national policies that protect individuals’ 4

private data; and 5

‘‘(xxii) to promote international efforts 6

to protect financial institutions and 7

cryptocurrency exchanges from cyber theft. 8

‘‘(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The head of the Office 9

should be an individual of demonstrated competency 10

in the fields of— 11

‘‘(A) cybersecurity and other relevant cyber 12

issues; and 13

‘‘(B) international diplomacy. 14

‘‘(4) ORGANIZATIONAL PLACEMENT.— 15

‘‘(A) INITIAL PLACEMENT.—During the 4- 16

year period beginning on the date of the enact-17

ment of the Defending American Security from 18

Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the head of the 19

Office shall report to the Under Secretary for Po-20

litical Affairs or to an official holding a higher 21

position than the Under Secretary for Political 22

Affairs in the Department of State. 23

‘‘(B) SUBSEQUENT PLACEMENT.—After the 24

conclusion of the 4-year period referred to in 25


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subparagraph (A), the head of the Office shall re-1

port to— 2

‘‘(i) an appropriate Under Secretary; 3

or 4

‘‘(ii) an official holding a higher posi-5

tion than Under Secretary. 6

‘‘(5) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 7

subsection may be construed to preclude— 8

‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bu-9

reau within the Department of State; or 10


vated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an As-12

sistant Secretary position does not increase the 13

number of Assistant Secretary positions at the 14

Department above the number authorized under 15

subsection (c)(1).’’. 16

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 17

that the Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy es-18

tablished under section 1(g) of the State Department Basic 19

Authorities Act of 1956, as added by subsection (a)— 20

(1) should be a Bureau of the Department of 21

State headed by an Assistant Secretary, subject to the 22

rule of construction specified in paragraph (5)(B) of 23

such section 1(g); and 24


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(2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the 1

Department of State and use all tools at the disposal 2

of the Office to combat activities taken by the Russian 3

Federation, or on behalf of the Russian Federation, to 4

undermine the cybersecurity and democratic values of 5

the United States and other nations. 6

(c) UNITED NATIONS.—The Permanent Representative 7

of the United States to the United Nations should use the 8

voice, vote, and influence of the United States to oppose any 9

measure that is inconsistent with the United States inter-10

national cyberspace policy strategy issued by the Depart-11

ment of State in March 2016 pursuant to section 402 of 12

the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law 13

114–113; 129 Stat. 2978). 14

SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPART-15

MENT OF STATE. 16

(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 17

(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the mean-18

ing given the term in section 5721 of title 5, United 19

States Code. 20

(2) APPROPRIATION.—The term ‘‘appropriation’’ 21

includes funds made available by statute and under 22

section 9104 of title 31, United States Code. 23

(3) SCHEDULE A.—The term ‘‘Schedule A’’ 24

means positions other than those of a confidential or 25


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policy-determining character for which it is impracti-1

cable to examine, pursuant to section 213.3101 of title 2

5, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regula-3

tion. 4

(b) AUTHORITY.— 5

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 6

appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure 7

the services of Schedule A employees in the amount 8

and for the offices specified in paragraph (2) for the 9

purpose of hiring individuals with special qualifica-10

tions, including prior work experience involving eco-11

nomic or financial sanctions, for the development and 12

implementation of economic and financial sanctions. 13

(2) ASSIGNMENT OF SCHEDULE A EMPLOYEES.— 14

Using the authority provided under paragraph (1), 15

the Secretary of State may procure the services of— 16

(A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees 17

for the Office of Sanctions Coordination to be es-18

tablished pursuant to subsection (h) of section 1 19

of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 20

1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as added by section 21

612; and 22

(B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees 23

for the Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions 24


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component of the Bureau of Economic and Busi-1

ness Affairs (EB/TFS). 2

(c) LIMITATION.—Positions in the Senior Executive 3

Service may not be filled using the authority provided 4

under subsection (b). 5

(d) EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND NON-DISCRIMINA-6

TION.—The Secretary of State shall ensure compliance with 7

equal opportunity and other non-discrimination regula-8

tions of the United States Government in exercising the au-9

thority provided under subsection (b). 10

(e) REPORT.—The Secretary of State shall report to 11

the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis 12

with respect to the number of Schedule A employees em-13

ployed by the Department of State using the authority pro-14

vided under subsection (b). 15



(1) the United States Agency for Global Media 18

and its grantee networks have a critical mission to 19

inform, engage, and connect people around the world 20

in support of freedom and democracy; and 21

(2) those networks must adhere to professional 22

journalistic standards and integrity and not engage 23

in disinformation activities. 24


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TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS 1

NONPROLIFERATION 2


This title may be cited as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons Non-4

proliferation Act of 2019’’. 5

SEC. 302. FINDINGS. 6

Congress makes the following findings: 7

(1) The international norm against the use of 8

chemical weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At 9

least 4 actors between 2012 and the date of the enact-10

ment of this Act have used chemical weapons: Syria, 11

North Korea, the Russian Federation, and the Islamic 12

State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq and Syria. 13

(2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the 14

Russian Federation knowingly used novichok, a lethal 15

chemical agent, in an attempt to kill former Russian 16

military intelligence officer Sergei Skripal and his 17

daughter Yulia, in Salisbury, United Kingdom. 18

(3) In September 2018, the Government of the 19

United Kingdom charged 2 Russian suspects with the 20

poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, further high-21

lighting the culpability of the Government of the Rus-22

sian Federation in the attack. 23

(4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the 24

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (commonly known 25


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as the ‘‘OPCW’’), during its Fourth Special Session 1

of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical 2

Weapons Convention, adopted a decision to ‘‘put in 3

place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of the 4

use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic 5

by identifying and reporting on all information po-6

tentially relevant to the origin of those chemical 7

weapons in those instances in which the OPCW Fact- 8

Finding Mission in Syria determines or has deter-9

mined that use or likely use occurred, and cases for 10

which the OPCW–UN Joint Investigative Mechanism 11

has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that the 12

Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its inves-13

tigations to the Council and to the United Nations 14

Secretary-General for their consideration’’. 15

(5) In addition, during the Fourth Special Ses-16

sion, the State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Con-17

vention voted to provide new powers to the Director- 18

General of the OPCW to attribute chemical weapons 19

attacks. The decision ‘‘affirms that, whenever a chem-20

ical weapons use occurs on the territory of a State 21

Party, those who were the perpetrators, organizers, 22

sponsors or otherwise involved should be identified, 23

and underscores the added value of the Secretariat 24

conducting an independent investigation of an alleged 25


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use of chemical weapons with a view to facilitating 1

universal attribution of all chemical weapons at-2

tacks’’. 3

(6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to 4

the Chemical Weapons Convention allows ‘‘the Direc-5

tor-General, if requested by a State Party inves-6

tigating a possible chemical weapons use on its terri-7

tory, [to] provide technical expertise to identify those 8

who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors or other-9

wise involved in the use of chemicals as weapons’’. 10


attempted to impede the adoption of the identification 12

mechanism in the Fourth Special Session, and has re-13

peatedly worked to degrade the OPCW’s ability to 14

identify chemical weapons users. 15


has shown itself to be unwilling or incapable of com-17

pelling the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an 18

ally of the Russian Federation, to stop using chemical 19

weapons against the civilian population in Syria. 20

(9) The United States remains steadfast in its 21

commitment to its key ally the United Kingdom, its 22

commitment to the mutual defense of the North Atlan-23

tic Treaty Organization, and its commitment to the 24

Chemical Weapons Convention. 25


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(10) Forty countries, including the United 1

States, have joined the International Partnership 2

against Impunity for the use of Chemical Weapons, 3

which represents a political commitment by partici-4

pating countries to hold to account persons respon-5

sible for the use of chemical weapons. 6

(11) The Defense Ministry of the Government of 7

the Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of the 8

GRU intelligence service who had attempted to hack 9

OPCW networks during the OPCW’s investigation of 10

the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salis-11

bury, United Kingdom. 12

SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 13

It shall be the policy of the United States— 14

(1) to protect and defend the interests of the 15

United States, allies of the United States, and the 16

international community at large from the con-17

tinuing threat of chemical weapons and their pro-18

liferation; 19

(2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the 20

Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW; 21

(3) to promote and strengthen the investigative 22

and identification mechanisms of the OPCW, includ-23

ing the development of a new OPCW laboratory and 24

enhancements to the OPCW network of designated 25


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laboratories, through the provision of additional re-1

sources and technical equipment to better allow the 2

OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical 3

weapons attacks; 4

(4) to pressure the Government of the Russian 5

Federation to halt its efforts to degrade the inter-6

national efforts of the United Nations and the OPCW 7

to investigate chemical weapons attacks and to des-8

ignate perpetrators of such attacks by— 9

(A) highlighting within international fora, 10

including the United Nations General Assembly 11

and the OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Gov-12

ernment of the Russian Federation to degrade 13

international efforts to investigate chemical 14

weapons attacks; and 15

(B) consulting with allies and partners of 16

the United States with respect to methods for 17

strengthening the investigative mechanisms of the 18

OPCW; 19

(5) to examine additional avenues for inves-20

tigating, identifying, and holding accountable chem-21

ical weapons users if the Government of the Russian 22

Federation continues in its attempts to block or 23

hinder investigations of the OPCW; and 24


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(6) to punish the Government of the Russian 1

Federation for, and deter that Government from, any 2

chemical weapons production and use through the im-3

position of sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and the 4

use of the mechanisms specified in the Chemical 5

Weapons Convention for violations of the Convention. 6

SEC. 304. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL 7

AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN 8

FEDERATION. 9


date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 11

shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 12

Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 13

of Representatives a report on the chemical and biological 14

weapon programs of the Government of the Russian Federa-15

tion that includes an assessment of— 16

(1) whether that Government has production ca-17

pabilities in violation of the Chemical Weapons Con-18

vention and the Convention on the Prohibition of the 19

Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacterio-20

logical (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their 21

Destruction, done at Washington, London, and Mos-22

cow April 10, 1972, and entered into force March 26, 23

1975 (26 UST 583); 24


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(2) any use by that Government of chemical or 1

biological weapons during the 10-year period pre-2

ceding submission of the report; and 3

(3) any direct or indirect support, including 4

transfers of material, knowledge, or technology, by 5

that Government for the chemical or biological weap-6

ons programs of other countries or non-state actors. 7

(b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by sub-8

section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 9


SEC. 305. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 11

(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-12

priated to the Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of 13

fiscal years 2020 through 2025, to be provided to the OPCW 14

as a voluntary contribution pursuant to section 301(a) of 15

the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2221(a)) for 16

the purpose of strengthening the OPCW’s investigative and 17

identification mechanisms for chemical weapons attacks. 18

(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts authorized to 19

be appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain 20

available until expended. 21

SEC. 306. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED. 22

In this title, the term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Convention’’ 23

means the Convention on the Prohibition of the Develop-24

ment, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weap-25


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ons and on their Destruction, done at Geneva September 1

3, 1992, and entered into force April 29, 1997. 2

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL 3

CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 4


This title may be cited as the ‘‘International 6

Cybercrime Prevention Act’’. 7

SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES. 8

Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 9

(1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)— 10

(A) by striking ‘‘or section 2339D’’ and in-11

serting ‘‘section 2339D’’; and 12

(B) by striking ‘‘of this title, section 46502’’ 13

and inserting ‘‘, or section 2512 (relating to the 14

manufacture, distribution, possession, and adver-15

tising of wire, oral, or electronic communication 16

intercepting devices) of this title, section 46502’’; 17

and 18

(2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ‘‘section 19

1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in con-20

nection with computers) if the act indictable under 21

section 1030 is felonious,’’ before ‘‘section 1084’’. 22

SEC. 403. FORFEITURE. 23


States Code, is amended to read as follows: 25


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‘‘§ 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic com-1

munication intercepting devices and other 2

property 3

‘‘(a) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 4

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The court, in imposing a 5

sentence on any person convicted of a violation of sec-6

tion 2511 or 2512, or convicted of conspiracy to vio-7

late section 2511 or 2512, shall order, in addition to 8

any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any 9

provision of State law, that such person forfeit to the 10

United States— 11

‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any property, 12

real or personal, that was used or intended to be 13

used to commit or to facilitate the commission of 14

such violation; and 15




such person obtained or retained directly or in-19

directly as a result of such violation. 20

‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Pursuant to 21

section 2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 22

413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), 23

other than subsection (d) thereof, shall apply to crimi-24

nal forfeitures under this subsection. 25

‘‘(b) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 26


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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The following shall be subject 1

to forfeiture to the United States in accordance with 2

provisions of chapter 46 and no property right shall 3

exist in them: 4

‘‘(A) Any property, real or personal, used or 5

intended to be used, in any manner, to commit, 6

or facilitate the commission of a violation of sec-7

tion 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to violate sec-8

tion 2511 or 2512. 9

‘‘(B) Any property, real or personal, consti-10

tuting, or traceable to the gross proceeds taken, 11

obtained, or retained in connection with or as a 12

result of a violation of section 2511 or 2512, or 13

a conspiracy to violate section 2511 or 2512. 14

‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and 15

forfeitures under this subsection shall be governed by 16

the provisions of chapter 46, relating to civil forfeit-17

ures, except that such duties as are imposed on the 18

Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws de-19

scribed in section 981(d) shall be performed by such 20

officers, agents, and other persons as may be des-21

ignated for that purpose by the Secretary of Home-22

land Security or the Attorney General.’’. 23


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(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The 1

table of sections for chapter 119 is amended by striking the 2

item relating to section 2513 and inserting the following: 3

‘‘2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices

and other property.’’.

SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS. 4

(a) AMENDMENT.—Section 1345 of title 18, United 5

States Code, is amended— 6

(1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘and abuse’’ 7

after ‘‘fraud’’; 8


(A) in paragraph (1)— 10

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 11

‘‘or’’ at the end; 12

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 13

‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; and 14

(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 15

(C) the following: 16

‘‘(D) violating or about to violate section 17

1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has 18

caused or would cause damage (as defined in sec-19

tion 1030) without authorization to 100 or more 20

protected computers (as defined in section 1030) 21

during any 1-year period, including by— 22


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‘‘(i) impairing the availability or in-1

tegrity of the protected computers without 2

authorization; or 3

‘‘(ii) installing or maintaining control 4

over malicious software on the protected 5

computers that, without authorization, has 6

caused or would cause damage to the pro-7

tected computers;’’; and 8

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter pre-9

ceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, a vio-10

lation described in subsection (a)(1)(D),’’ before 11

‘‘or a Federal’’; and 12


‘‘(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action 14

described in subsection (b), if issued in circumstances de-15

scribed in subsection (a)(1)(D), may, upon application of 16

the Attorney General— 17

‘‘(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in 18

any court against a person for complying with the re-19

straining order, prohibition, or other action; and 20

‘‘(2) provide that the United States shall pay to 21

such person a fee for reimbursement for such costs as 22

are reasonably necessary and which have been di-23

rectly incurred in complying with the restraining 24

order, prohibition, or other action.’’. 25


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(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The 1

table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States 2

Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 3

1345 and inserting the following: 4

‘‘1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.’’.

SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRA-5

STRUCTURE COMPUTER. 6

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 47 of title 18, United 7

States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 the 8

following: 9

‘‘§ 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastruc-10

ture computer 11

‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful, during and in 12

relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly 13

cause or attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastruc-14

ture computer, if such damage results in (or, in the case 15

of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have resulted 16

in) the substantial impairment— 17

‘‘(1) of the operation of the critical infrastruc-18

ture computer; or 19

‘‘(2) of the critical infrastructure associated with 20

such computer. 21

‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 22

(a) shall, in addition to the term of punishment provided 23

for the felony violation of section 1030, be fined under this 24

title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. 25


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‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE SENTENCE.—Notwithstanding any 1

other provision of law— 2

‘‘(1) a court shall not place any person convicted 3

of a violation of this section on probation; 4

‘‘(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no 5

term of imprisonment imposed on a person under this 6

section shall run concurrently with any term of im-7

prisonment imposed on the person under any other 8

provision of law, including any term of imprisonment 9

imposed for the felony violation of section 1030; 10

‘‘(3) in determining any term of imprisonment 11

to be imposed for the felony violation of section 1030, 12

a court shall not in any way reduce the term to be 13

imposed for such violation to compensate for, or oth-14

erwise take into account, any separate term of im-15

prisonment imposed or to be imposed for a violation 16

of this section; and 17

‘‘(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a per-18

son for a violation of this section may, in the discre-19

tion of the court, run concurrently, in whole or in 20

part, only with another term of imprisonment that is 21

imposed by the court at the same time on that person 22

for an additional violation of this section, if such dis-23

cretion shall be exercised in accordance with any ap-24

plicable guidelines and policy statements issued by 25


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the United States Sentencing Commission pursuant 1

to section 994 of title 28. 2

‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 3

‘‘(1) the terms ‘computer’ and ‘damage’ have the 4

meanings given the terms in section 1030; and 5

‘‘(2) the term ‘critical infrastructure’ means sys-6

tems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital 7

to the United States that the incapacity or destruc-8

tion of such systems and assets would have cata-9

strophic regional or national effects on public health 10

or safety, economic security, or national security, in-11

cluding voter registration databases, voting machines, 12

and other communications systems that manage the 13

election process or report and display results on be-14

half of State and local governments.’’. 15

(b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 16

chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 17

inserting after the item relating to section 1030 the fol-18

lowing: 19

‘‘1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.’’.

SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS; FOR-20

FEITURE. 21

Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amend-22

ed— 23



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(A) in paragraph (7), by adding ‘‘or’’ at the 1

end; and 2

(B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the fol-3

lowing: 4

‘‘(8) intentionally traffics in the means of access 5

to a protected computer, if— 6

‘‘(A) the trafficker knows or has reason to 7

know the protected computer has been damaged 8

in a manner prohibited by this section; and 9

‘‘(B) the promise or agreement to pay for 10

the means of access is made by, or on behalf of, 11

a person the trafficker knows or has reason to 12

know intends to use the means of access to— 13

‘‘(i) damage a protected computer in a 14

manner prohibited by this section; or 15

‘‘(ii) violate section 1037 or 1343;’’; 16

(2) in subsection (c)(3)— 17

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 18

‘‘(a)(4) or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 19

or (a)(8)’’; and 20

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 21

‘‘(a)(4), or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 22

or (a)(8)’’; and 23

(3) in subsection (e)— 24


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(A) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ 1

at the end; 2

(B) in paragraph (12), by striking the pe-3

riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 4


‘‘(13) the term ‘traffic’, except as provided in 6

subsection (a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dispose 7

of, to another as consideration for the receipt of, or 8

as consideration for a promise or agreement to pay, 9

anything of pecuniary value.’’; 10

(4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by in-11

serting ‘‘, except for a violation of subsection (a)(8),’’ 12

after ‘‘of this section’’; and 13

(5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and insert-14

ing the following: 15

‘‘(i) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 16

‘‘(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any per-17

son convicted of a violation of this section, or con-18

victed of conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, 19

in addition to any other sentence imposed and irre-20

spective of any provision of State law, that such per-21

son forfeit to the United States— 22

‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any property, 23

real or personal, that was used or intended to be 24


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used to commit or to facilitate the commission of 1

such violation; and 2




such person obtained, directly or indirectly, as a 6

result of such violation. 7

‘‘(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under 8

this subsection, including any seizure and disposition 9

of the property, and any related judicial or adminis-10

trative proceeding, shall be governed by the provisions 11

of section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 12

U.S.C. 853), except subsection (d) of that section. 13

‘‘(j) CIVIL FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY USED IN THE 14

COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE.— 15

‘‘(1) Any personal property, including any 16

Internet domain name or Internet Protocol address, 17

that was used or intended to be used to commit or to 18

facilitate the commission of any violation of this sec-19

tion, or a conspiracy to violate this section shall be 20

subject to forfeiture to the United States, and no 21

property right shall exist in such property. 22

‘‘(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this sub-23

section shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 24

46 relating to civil forfeitures, except that such duties 25


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as are imposed on the Secretary of the Treasury 1

under the customs laws described in section 981(d) 2

shall be performed by such officers, agents, and other 3

persons as may be designated for that purpose by the 4

Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney Gen-5

eral.’’. 6

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION 7

INTERFERENCE 8

SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING 9

SYSTEMS. 10

Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 11

amended— 12


(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ 14

at the end; 15

(B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ‘‘or’’ 16

at the end; and 17


‘‘(C) that— 19

‘‘(i) is part of a voting system; and 20

‘‘(ii)(I) is used for the management, 21

support, or administration of a Federal 22

election; or 23

‘‘(II) has moved in or otherwise affects 24

interstate or foreign commerce;’’; 25


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(2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 1

end; 2

(3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period 3

and inserting a semicolon; and 4


‘‘(13) the term ‘Federal election’ means any elec-6

tion (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal Elec-7

tion Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(1))) for 8

Federal office (as defined in section 301(3) of the Fed-9

eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 10

30101(3))); and 11

‘‘(14) the term ‘voting system’ has the meaning 12

given the term in section 301(b) of the Help America 13

Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(b)).’’. 14

SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTER-15

FERE IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONS. 16

(a) DEFINED TERM.—Section 101(a) of the Immigra-17

tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended 18

by adding at the end the following: 19

‘‘(53) The term ‘improper interference in a 20

United States election’ means conduct by an alien 21

that— 22

‘‘(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting 23

rights, or campaign finance law; or 24


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‘‘(ii) is under the direction of a foreign gov-1

ernment; and 2

‘‘(B) interferes with a general or primary 3

Federal, State, or local election or caucus, in-4

cluding— 5

‘‘(i) the campaign of a candidate; and 6

‘‘(ii) a ballot measure, including— 7

‘‘(I) an amendment; 8

‘‘(II) a bond issue; 9

‘‘(III) an initiative; 10

‘‘(IV) a recall; 11

‘‘(V) a referral; and 12

‘‘(VI) a referendum.’’. 13

(b) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN UNITED STATES 14

ELECTIONS.—Section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and 15

Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)) is amended by add-16

ing at the end the following: 17

‘‘(H) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN A 18

UNITED STATES ELECTION.—Any alien who is 19

seeking admission to the United States to engage 20

in improper interference in a United States elec-21

tion, or who has engaged in improper inter-22

ference in a United States election, is inadmis-23

sible.’’. 24


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TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RE-1

SPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FED-2

ERATION 3

Subtitle A—Expansion of Coun-4

tering America’s Adversaries 5

Through Sanctions Act 6

SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS. 7

It is the sense of Congress that economic and financial 8

sanctions, when used as part of a coordinated and com-9

prehensive strategy, are a powerful tool to advance United 10

States foreign policy and national security interests. 11

SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE 12

RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH DEMOCRATIC 13

PROCESSES AND ELECTIONS. 14

(a) EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.— 15

(1) REQUIREMENT FOR FINDING.— 16

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days 17

after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 18

every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State 19

and the Director of National Intelligence, shall 20

jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 21

committees the finding and certification de-22

scribed in subparagraph (B). 23

(B) FINDING AND CERTIFICATION.—The 24

finding and certification described in this sub-25


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paragraph is a finding and certification as to 1

whether or not the Government of the Russian 2

Federation is engaged in or knowingly sup-3

porting operations to interfere in the democratic 4

process, including the administration of elec-5

tions, in the United States. 6

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 7

by this section shall— 8

(A) take effect on the date of the enactment 9

of this Act; and 10

(B) apply on and after the earlier of— 11

(i) a date on which the Secretary of 12

State and the Director of National Intel-13

ligence jointly submit a finding and certifi-14

cation described in paragraph (1)(B) that 15

the Government of the Russian Federation 16

is engaged in or knowingly supporting op-17

erations to interfere in the democratic proc-18

ess, including the administration of elec-19

tions, in the United States; or 20

(ii) the date that is 90 days after a 21

date on which the Secretary of State and 22

the Director of National Intelligence fail to 23

jointly submit a finding and certification 24

described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph 25


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(1) as required by subparagraph (A) of that 1

paragraph. 2

(3) TERMINATION.—The amendments made by 3

this section shall cease to have force or effect if, after 4

the effective date described in paragraph (2), the Sec-5

retary of State and the Director of National Intel-6

ligence jointly submit to the appropriate congres-7

sional committees a finding and certification de-8

scribed in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government of 9

the Russian Federation is not engaged in or know-10

ingly supporting operations to interfere in the demo-11

cratic process, including the administration of elec-12

tions, in the United States. 13

(4) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 14

DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 15

congressional committees’’ has the meaning given that 16

term in section 221 of the Countering America’s Ad-17

versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 2521). 18

(b) AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of 19

the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions 20

Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.) is amended— 21

(1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, and 22

238 as sections 239D, 239E, 239G, and 239H, respec-23

tively; and 24

(2) by inserting after section 234 the following: 25


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WITH CERTAIN RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIGURES 2

AND OLIGARCHS. 3


of the enactment of the Defending American Security from 5

Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose 6

the sanctions described in section 224(b) with respect to— 7

‘‘(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other per-8

sons that facilitate illicit and corrupt activities, di-9

rectly or indirectly, on behalf of the President of the 10

Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons 11

acting for or on behalf of such political figures, 12

oligarchs, and persons; 13

‘‘(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate 14

illicit and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on 15

behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, 16

Vladimir Putin; 17

‘‘(3) family members of persons described in 18

paragraph (1) or (2) that derive significant benefits 19

from such illicit and corrupt activities; and 20

‘‘(4) persons, including financial institutions, 21

that knowingly engage in significant transactions 22

with persons described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). 23


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WITH THE CYBER SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN 2

FEDERATION. 3




the sanctions described in section 224(b) with respect to a 7

person, including any financial institution, that the Presi-8

dent determines— 9

‘‘(1) knowingly engages in significant trans-10

actions with any person in the Russian Federation 11

that supports or facilitates malicious cyber activities; 12

or 13

‘‘(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or 14

knowingly acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, 15

directly or indirectly, a person that engages in sig-16

nificant transactions described in paragraph (1). 17


RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQ-19

UEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT FACILITIES. 20

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that is 180 21

days after the date of the enactment of the Defending Amer-22

ican Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the 23

President shall impose five or more of the sanctions de-24

scribed in section 239D with respect to a person if the Presi-25

dent determines that the person knowingly, on or after such 26


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date of enactment, makes an investment described in sub-1

section (b) in a liquefied natural gas export facility located 2

outside of the Russian Federation. 3

‘‘(b) INVESTMENT DESCRIBED.—An investment de-4

scribed in this subsection is an investment that— 5

‘‘(1) directly and significantly contributes to the 6

ability of the Russian Federation to construct lique-7

fied natural gas export facilities outside of the Rus-8

sian Federation; and 9

‘‘(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or 10

more; or 11

‘‘(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggre-12

gate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 13

‘‘SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO 14

NEW SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE RUSSIAN FED-15

ERATION. 16

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If the Director of National Intel-17

ligence determines that, on or after the date of the enact-18

ment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin 19

Aggression Act of 2019, the Russian Federation has engaged 20

in malicious cyber activities targeting election infrastruc-21

ture that has been designated as critical infrastructure by 22

the Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 60 days 23

after that determination, the President shall prescribe regu-24

lations prohibiting United States persons from engaging in 25


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transactions with, providing financing for, or otherwise 1

dealing in, Russian sovereign debt issued on or after the 2

date that is 90 days after the date of the determination. 3

‘‘(b) RUSSIAN SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFINED.—In this 4

section, the term ‘Russian sovereign debt’ means— 5

‘‘(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the Na-6

tional Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the 7

Russian Federation, or agents or affiliates of any of 8

those entities, with a maturity of more than 14 days; 9

‘‘(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with the 10

Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the Fed-11

eral Treasury of the Russian Federation with a dura-12

tion of more than 14 days; and 13

‘‘(3) any other financial instrument, the dura-14

tion or maturity of which is more than 14 days, 15

that— 16

‘‘(A) was issued by a Russian financial in-17

stitution on behalf of the Government of the Rus-18

sian Federation; or 19

‘‘(B) the President determines otherwise 20

represents the sovereign debt of the Government 21

of the Russian Federation. 22


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‘‘SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINAN-1

CIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT INTER-2

FERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR 3

ELECTIONS. 4




the sanctions described in section 224(b)(1) with respect to 8

any Russian financial institution that the President deter-9

mines has, on or after such date of enactment, knowingly 10

provided financial or other support for interference by the 11

Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic 12

process or elections of any country other than the Russian 13

Federation.’’. 14

SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE 15

RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH RESPECT TO 16

UKRAINE. 17

(a) EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.— 18

(1) REQUIREMENT FOR FINDING.— 19

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days 20

after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 21

every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State 22

and the Director of National Intelligence, shall 23

jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 24

committees the finding and certification de-25

scribed in subparagraph (B). 26


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(B) FINDING AND CERTIFICATION.—The 1

finding and certification described in this sub-2

paragraph is a finding and certification as to 3

whether or not the Government of the Russian 4

Federation is engaged in or knowingly sup-5

porting offensive military operations in Ukraine. 6

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 7

by this section shall— 8

(A) take effect on the date of the enactment 9

of this Act; and 10

(B) apply on and after the earlier of— 11

(i) a date on which the Secretary of 12

State and the Director of National Intel-13

ligence jointly submit a finding and certifi-14

cation described in paragraph (1)(B) that 15

the Government of the Russian Federation 16

is engaged in or knowingly supporting of-17

fensive military operations in Ukraine; or 18

(ii) the date that is 90 days after a 19

date on which the Secretary of State and 20

the Director of National Intelligence fail to 21

jointly submit a finding and certification 22

described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph 23

(1) as required by subparagraph (A) of that 24

paragraph. 25


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(3) TERMINATION.—The amendments made by 1

this section shall cease to have force or effect if, after 2

the effective date described in paragraph (2), the Sec-3

retary of State and the Director of National Intel-4

ligence jointly submit to the appropriate congres-5

sional committees a finding and certification de-6

scribed in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government of 7

the Russian Federation is not engaged in or know-8

ingly supporting offensive military operations in 9

Ukraine. 10

(4) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 11

DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 12

congressional committees’’ has the meaning given that 13

term in section 221 of the Countering America’s Ad-14

versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 2521). 15

(b) AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of 16


Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by section 602, 18

is further amended by inserting after section 239 the fol-19

lowing: 20


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‘‘SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 1

RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY 2

PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN STATE- 3

OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE 4

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 5




five or more of the sanctions described in section 239D with 9

respect to a person if the President determines that— 10

‘‘(1) the person knowingly, on or after such date 11

of enactment, invests in a project to explore for or 12

produce crude oil or natural gas outside of the Rus-13

sian Federation— 14

‘‘(A) that is initiated after the date of the 15

enactment of the Defending American Security 16

from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019; and 17

‘‘(B) in which a Russian parastatal entity 18

or an entity owned or controlled by the Govern-19

ment of the Russian Federation has— 20

‘‘(i) a 33 percent or greater ownership 21

interest; or 22

‘‘(ii) ownership of a majority of the 23

voting interests; and 24


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‘‘(2) the total value of the investment in the 1

project by that person exceeds or is reasonably ex-2

pected to exceed $250,000,000. 3

‘‘SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR 4

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUDE OIL RE-5

SOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 6

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose five or 7

more of the sanctions described in section 239D with respect 8

to a person if the President determines that the person 9

knowingly, on or after the date of the enactment of the De-10


of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian Federation 12

goods, services, technology, financing, or support described 13

in subsection (b)— 14

‘‘(1) any of which has a fair market value of 15

$1,000,000 or more; or 16

‘‘(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an 17

aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 18

‘‘(b) GOODS, SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY, FINANCING, OR 19

SUPPORT DESCRIBED.—Goods, services, technology, financ-20

ing, or support described in this subsection are goods, serv-21

ices, technology, financing or support that could directly 22

and significantly contribute to the Russian Federation’s— 23

‘‘(1) ability to develop crude oil resources located 24

in the Russian Federation; or 25


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‘‘(2) production of crude oil resources in the Rus-1

sian Federation, including any direct and significant 2

assistance with respect to the construction, mod-3

ernization, or repair of infrastructure that would fa-4

cilitate the development of crude oil resources located 5

in the Russian Federation. 6

‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY.—The requirement to impose 7

sanctions under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect 8

to the maintenance of projects that are ongoing as of the 9


from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019. 11

‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT TO ISSUE GUIDANCE.—Not later 12

than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Defending 13

American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, 14

the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary 15

of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, shall issue 16

regulations— 17

‘‘(1) clarifying how the exception under sub-18

section (c) will be applied; and 19

‘‘(2) listing specific goods, services, technology, 20

financing, and support covered by subsection (b). 21

‘‘SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN 22

FEDERATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION. 23

‘‘(a) DETERMINATION OF VIOLATION.— 24


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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 1

the date of the enactment of the Defending American 2

Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, and 3

every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary of State shall 4

determine and certify to the committees specified in 5

subsection (d) whether the Government of the Russian 6

Federation, including the armed forces or coast guard 7

of the Russian Federation, has interfered with the 8

freedom of navigation of one or more vessels in the 9

Kerch Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent 10

with international law during the 180 days preceding 11

the certification. 12

‘‘(2) PUBLICATION OF CERTIFICATION.—Not later 13

than 15 days after submitting a certification under 14

paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish the certifi-15

cation in the Federal Register. 16

‘‘(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—On and after the 17

date that is 90 days after the publication of a certification 18

under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) indicating that the 19

Government of the Russian Federation has interfered with 20

the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels as described 21

in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities operating 22

in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Federation shall 23

be subject to the same restrictions as an entity included on 24

the list of specially designated nationals and blocked per-25


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sons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 1

the Department of the Treasury. 2

‘‘(c) REMOVAL OF SANCTIONS.—The restrictions im-3

posed pursuant to subsection (b) shall remain in effect until 4

the date on which the Secretary of State determines and 5

certifies to the committees specified in subsection (d) that— 6

‘‘(1) the Government of the Russian Federation, 7

including the armed forces and coast guard of the 8

Russian Federation, has not interfered with the free-9

dom of navigation of any vessels in the Kerch Strait 10

or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with inter-11

national law during the 3-year period preceding the 12

submission of that certification; and 13

‘‘(2) the Government of the Russian Federation 14

has provided assurances that that Government will 15

not engage in such interference in the future. 16

‘‘(d) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees speci-17

fied in this subsection are— 18

‘‘(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 19

and 20

‘‘(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the 21

Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 22

House of Representatives.’’. 23


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SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 1

(a) IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.—Part 2 of sub-2

title A of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries 3

Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amend-4

ed by sections 602 and 603 is further amended by inserting 5

after section 239E the following: 6

‘‘SEC. 239F. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES. 7

‘‘(a) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 8

all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 9

and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers 10

Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this part. 11

‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, attempts to 12

violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 13

part or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out 14

this part shall be subject to the penalties set forth in sub-15

sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International 16

Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the 17

same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act de-18

scribed in subsection (a) of that section.’’. 19

(b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 221 of the Countering 20



(1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para-23

graph (7); and 24

(2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-25

lowing: 26


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‘‘(6) RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.—The 1

term ‘Russian financial institution’ means— 2

‘‘(A) a financial institution organized 3

under the laws of the Russian Federation or any 4

jurisdiction within the Russian Federation, in-5

cluding a foreign branch of such an institution; 6

‘‘(B) a financial institution located in the 7


‘‘(C) a financial institution, wherever lo-9

cated, owned or controlled by the Government of 10

the Russian Federation; and 11

‘‘(D) a financial institution, wherever lo-12

cated, owned or controlled by a financial institu-13

tion described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 14

(C).’’. 15

(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for 16


Act is amended by striking the items relating to sections 18

235 through 238 and inserting the following: 19

‘‘Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with certain Russian political

figures and oligarchs.

‘‘Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the cyber sector of the Rus-

sian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in Rus-

sian liquefied natural gas export facilities.

‘‘Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new sovereign debt of the Rus-

sian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial institutions that support

interference in democratic processes or elections.

‘‘Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in en-

ergy projects supported by Russian state-owned or parastatal en-

tities outside of the Russian Federation.


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‘‘Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the development of crude oil

resources in the Russian Federation.

‘‘Sec. 239C. Sanctions for violations by the Russian Federation of freedom of

navigation.

‘‘Sec. 239D. Sanctions described.

‘‘Sec. 239E. Exceptions, waiver, and termination.

‘‘Sec. 239F. Implementation and penalties.

‘‘Sec. 239G. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration.

‘‘Sec. 239H. Rule of construction.’’.

(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A 1

of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 2

Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by this 3

subtitle, is further amended— 4

(1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e); and 5

(2) by striking ‘‘section 235’’ each place it ap-6

pears and inserting ‘‘section 239D’’. 7

(e) GUIDANCE.—The President shall, in a prompt and 8

timely way, publish guidance on the implementation of this 9

subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle and any 10

regulations prescribed pursuant to this subtitle or any such 11

amendment. 12


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Subtitle B—Expansion of Sanctions 1

Relating to Human Rights Abuses 2

SEC. 611. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 3

ASSASSINATIONS COMMITTED BY THE RUS-4

SIAN FEDERATION WITHIN THE TERRITORY 5

OF THE UNITED STATES OR NATO MEMBER 6

COUNTRIES. 7


suspected assassination of an individual by the Government 9

of the Russian Federation within the territory of the United 10

States or a NATO member country, the Director of National 11

Intelligence, in consultation with the governments of NATO 12

member countries, as appropriate, shall determine whether 13

the assassination was directed by the Government of the 14


(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—If the Director of Na-16

tional Intelligence determines under subsection (a), based 17

on credible evidence, that the Government of the Russian 18

Federation directed an assassination described in that sub-19

section, the President shall impose the sanctions described 20

in section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 21

Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 22

114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) with respect to any foreign 23

person the President determines is responsible for the assas-24

sination. 25


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SEC. 612. REPEAL OF SUNSET FOR GLOBAL MAGNITSKY 1

HUMAN RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY ACT. 2

Section 1265 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 3

Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 4

114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) is repealed. 5

SEC. 613. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED AP-6

PLICABILITY OF SANCTIONS UNDER THE 7

SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW ACCOUNT-8

ABILITY ACT OF 2012. 9

Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Re-10

view Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amend-11

ed— 12

(1) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and in-13

serting a semicolon; 14

(2) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 15

inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 16


‘‘(IV) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule 18

of Law Accountability Act of 2012 19

(title IV of Public Law 112–208; 22 20

U.S.C. 5811 note); and’’. 21


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Subtitle C—Coordination With the 1

European Union 2

SEC. 621. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH 3

ALLIES WITH RESPECT TO SANCTIONS WITH 4

RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 5

It is the sense of Congress that the President should— 6

(1) continue to uphold and seek unity with Eu-7

ropean and other key partners with respect to sanc-8

tions implemented with respect to the Russian Fed-9

eration, which have been effective and instrumental in 10

countering the aggression of the Russian Federation; 11

(2) engage to the fullest extent possible with gov-12

ernments that are partners of the United States with 13

regard to closing loopholes, including the allowance of 14

extended prepayment for the delivery of goods and 15

commodities and other loopholes, in multilateral and 16

unilateral restrictive measures against the Russian 17

Federation, with the aim of maximizing alignment of 18

those measures; and 19

(3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce compli-20

ance with sanctions in place as of the date of the en-21

actment of this Act with respect to the Russian Fed-22

eration in response to the crises in Ukraine and 23

Syria, cyber intrusions and attacks, and human 24

rights violators in the Russian Federation. 25


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SEC. 622. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE 1

DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 2

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the State Department 3

Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as amend-4

ed by section 211, is further amended— 5

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection 6

(i); and 7

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-8

lowing: 9

‘‘(h) OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION.— 10


the Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Co-12

ordination (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Of-13

fice’). 14

‘‘(2) HEAD.—The head of the Office shall— 15

‘‘(A) have the rank and status of ambas-16

sador; 17

‘‘(B) be appointed by the President, by and 18

with the advice and consent of the Senate; and 19

‘‘(C) report to the Under Secretary for Po-20

litical Affairs. 21

‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The head of the Office shall— 22

‘‘(A) serve as the principal advisor to the 23

senior management of the Department and the 24

Secretary regarding the role of the Department 25

in the development and implementation of sanc-26


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tions policy, including sanctions with respect to 1

the Russian Federation, Iran, North Korea, and 2

other countries; 3

‘‘(B) represent the United States in diplo-4

matic and multilateral fora on sanctions mat-5

ters; 6

‘‘(C) consult and closely coordinate with the 7

European Union to ensure the maximum effec-8

tiveness of sanctions imposed by the United 9

States and the European Union with respect to 10

the Russian Federation; 11

‘‘(D) advise the Secretary directly and pro-12

vide input with respect to all activities, policies, 13

and programs of all bureaus and offices of the 14

Department relating to the implementation of 15

sanctions policy; and 16

‘‘(E) serve as the principal liaison of the 17

Department to other Federal agencies involved in 18

the design and implementation of sanctions pol-19

icy. 20

‘‘(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 21

subsection may be construed to preclude— 22

‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bu-23

reau within the Department; or 24


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vated to level of an Assistant Secretary.’’. 2

(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 days after 3

the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall 4

submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 5

detailing the efforts of the Office of Sanctions Coordination 6

established under the amendments made by subsection (a) 7

to coordinate sanctions policy with the European Union. 8

SEC. 623. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BE-9

TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN 10

UNION. 11



after, the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-14

sional committees a report that includes the following: 15

(1) A description of each instance, during the pe-16

riod specified in subsection (b)— 17

(A) in which the United States has imposed 18

sanctions with respect to a person for activity re-19

lated to the Russian Federation, but in which the 20

European Union has not imposed corresponding 21

sanctions; and 22

(B) in which the European Union has im-23




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which the United States has not imposed cor-1

responding sanctions. 2

(2) An explanation for the reason for each dis-3

crepancy between sanctions imposed by the European 4

Union and sanctions imposed by the United States 5

described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 6

(1). 7

(b) PERIOD SPECIFIED.—The period specified in this 8

subsection is— 9

(1) in the case of the first report submitted under 10

subsection (a), the period beginning on the date of the 11

enactment of this Act and ending on the date the re-12

port is submitted; and 13

(2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 14

180-day period preceding the submission of the re-15

port. 16

(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub-17

section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 18


(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-20




Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 24

and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 25


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(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com-1

mittee on Financial Services, and the Committee on 2

Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. 3

Subtitle D—Reports Relating to 4

Sanctions With Respect to the 5

Russian Federation 6


In this subtitle: 8






fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Sen-14

ate; and 15




resentatives. 19

(2) SENIOR FOREIGN POLITICAL FIGURE.—The 20

term ‘‘senior foreign political figure’’ has the meaning 21

given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code 22

of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar 23

regulation or ruling). 24


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SEC. 632. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND 1

PARASTATAL ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED-2

ERATION. 3

Section 241 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 4

Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 922) 5

is amended— 6

(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 7

subsections (c) and (d), respectively; 8

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-9

lowing: 10

‘‘(b) UPDATED REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 11

after the date of the enactment of the Defending American 12

Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Sec-13

retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Director 14

of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State, shall 15

submit to the appropriate congressional committees an up-16

dated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Rus-17

sian Federation that builds on the report submitted under 18

subsection (a) on January 29, 2018, by— 19

‘‘(1) including the matters described in para-20

graphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a); and 21

‘‘(2) excluding from the portion of the report re-22

sponsive to paragraph (1) of subsection (a) any indi-23

vidual with respect to which there is no credible infor-24

mation suggesting the individual has the close finan-25


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cial or political relationships, or engages in the illicit 1

activities, described in subsection (a).’’; and 2

(3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by para-3

graph (1), by striking ‘‘The report required under 4

subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘The reports required 5

by subsections (a) and (b)’’. 6



TIONS ACT. 9


date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 11

to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 12

describes the persons that the President has determined 13

under section 224(a)(1)(A) of the Countering America’s Ad-14

versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9524(a)(1)(A)) 15

knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and before 16

the date of the report, in significant activities undermining 17

cybersecurity against any person, including a democratic 18

institution or government on behalf of the Government of 19


(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) 21

shall contain the following: 22

(1) A list of the persons described in subsection 23

(a). 24


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(2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work 1

with governments and democratic institutions in 2

other countries the cybersecurity of which the Presi-3

dent determines has been undermined by the Govern-4

ment of the Russian Federation. 5

(c) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 6


the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 8

committees an update to the report required by subsection 9

(a). 10



TIONS ACT. 13




describes the foreign persons that the President has deter-17

mined under section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom Sup-18

port Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as amended by 19

section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 20


910), have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and be-22

fore the date of the report, made a significant investment 23

in a special Russian crude oil project. 24


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(a). 5



TIONS ACT. 8




describes the foreign financial institutions that the Presi-12

dent has determined under section 5(a) of the Ukraine Free-13

dom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8924(a)), as amended 14



910), have knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, 17

and before the date of the report, in significant transactions 18

involving significant investments in a special Russian 19

crude oil project described in section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine 20

Freedom Support Act of 2014. 21





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(a). 2



TIONS ACT. 5





mined under subsection (a) of section 10 of the Support 10

for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic 11

Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), as added 12



911), have, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date 15

of the report— 16

(1) materially violated, attempted to violate, 17

conspired to violate, or caused a violation of any li-18

cense, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in 19

or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order (as 20

defined in subsection (f) of such section 10), the Sup-21

port for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and 22

Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 23

U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine Freedom Support 24

Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or 25


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(2) facilitated a significant transaction or trans-1

actions, including deceptive or structured trans-2

actions, for or on behalf of— 3

(A) any person subject to sanctions imposed 4

by the United States with respect to the Russian 5

Federation; or 6

(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of 7

an individual described in subparagraph (A). 8





(a). 13



TIONS ACT. 16





mined under section 233 of the Countering America’s Ad-21

versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9527) have 22

made, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of 23

the report, an investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any 24

combination of investments of not less than $1,000,000 each, 25


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•S 482 RS

which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $10,000,000 in any 1

12-month period), or facilitated such an investment, if the 2

investment directly and significantly contributes to the 3

ability of the Russian Federation to privatize state-owned 4

assets in a manner that unjustly benefits— 5

(1) officials of the Government of the Russian 6

Federation; or 7

(2) close associates or family members of those 8

officials. 9





(a). 14



TIONS ACT. 17





mined under section 234 of the Countering America’s Ad-22

versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9528) have 23

knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date 24

of the report, exported, transferred, or otherwise provided 25


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to Syria significant financial, material, or technological 1

support that contributes materially to the ability of the 2

Government of Syria to— 3

(1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or 4

nuclear weapons or related technologies; 5

(2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile 6

capabilities; 7

(3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and 8

types of advanced conventional weapons; 9

(4) acquire significant defense articles, defense 10

services, or defense information (as such terms are de-11

fined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 12

2751 et seq.)); or 13

(5) acquire items designated by the President for 14

purposes of the United States Munitions List under 15

section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 16

U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 17





(a). 22


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Subtitle E—General Provisions 1

SEC. 651. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NA-2

TIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS-3

TRATION. 4

(a) IN GENERAL.—This title and the amendments 5

made by this title shall not apply with respect to activities 6

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 7

(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title or 8

the amendments made by this title shall be construed to au-9

thorize the imposition of any sanction or other condition, 10

limitation, restriction, or prohibition, that directly or indi-11

rectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian Fed-12

eration of any product or service, or the procurement of 13

such product or service by any contractor or subcontractor 14

of the United States or any other entity, relating to or in 15

connection with any space launch conducted for— 16

(1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-17

istration; or 18

(2) any other non-Department of Defense cus-19

tomer. 20

SEC. 652. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 21

Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 22

title shall be construed— 23

(1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on 24

the use of rocket engines for national security pur-25


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poses under section 1608 of the Carl Levin and How-1

ard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authoriza-2

tion Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 3

128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended by 4

section 1607 of the National Defense Authorization 5

Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 6

Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the National Defense 7

Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 8

114–328; 130 Stat. 2582); or 9

(2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 10

the Department of Defense from acquiring components 11

referred to in such section 1608. 12

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RE-13

LATING TO THE RUSSIAN 14

FEDERATION 15

SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUS-16

SIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF 17

TERRORISM. 18

(a) DETERMINATION.— 19


the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 21

State shall submit to the appropriate congressional 22

committees a determination of whether the Russian 23

Federation meets the criteria for designation as a 24

state sponsor of terrorism. 25


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(2) FORM.—The determination required by 1

paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form 2

but may include a classified annex, if appropriate. 3

(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 4



tees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations of 7

the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 8

the House of Representatives. 9

(2) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 10

‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the gov-11

ernment of which the Secretary of State has deter-12

mined is a government that has repeatedly provided 13

support for acts of international terrorism, for pur-14

poses of— 15

(A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 16

Control Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 17

4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 18

(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 19

Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 20

(C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con-21

trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 22

(D) any other provision of law. 23


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SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING ORDERS 1

OF FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NET-2

WORK. 3


States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 5

‘‘(e) REPORTING BY TITLE INSURANCE COMPANIES.— 6

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue an 7

order under subsection (a) requiring a domestic title 8

insurance company to obtain, maintain, and report 9

to the Secretary information on the beneficial owners 10

of entities that purchase residential real estate in 11

high-value transactions in which the domestic title in-12

surance company is involved. 13

‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 14

‘‘(A) BENEFICIAL OWNER.—The term ‘bene-15

ficial owner’, with respect to an entity, means 16

an individual who, directly or indirectly, owns 17

25 percent or more of the equity interests in the 18

entity. 19

‘‘(B) DOMESTIC TITLE INSURANCE COM-20

PANY.—The term ‘domestic title insurance com-21

pany’ has the meaning given that term in regu-22

lations prescribed by the Secretary. 23

‘‘(C) HIGH-VALUE TRANSACTION.—The term 24

‘high-value’, with respect to a real estate trans-25

action, has the meaning given that term in regu-26


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lations prescribed by the Secretary based on the 1

real estate market in which the transaction takes 2

place.’’. 3

(b) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the 4

date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treas-5

ury shall prescribe regulations to carry out the amendment 6

made by subsection (a). 7

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 8

authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums 9

as may be necessary to carry out the amendment made by 10

subsection (a). 11

SEC. 703. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EXTENSION OF LIMITA-12

TIONS ON IMPORTATION OF URANIUM FROM 13

RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 14


(1) uranium is essential to the economic and na-16

tional security of the Unites States; 17

(2) the Department of Commerce should nego-18

tiate an extension of the Agreement Suspending the 19

Antidumping Investigation on Uranium from the 20

Russian Federation (commonly referred to as the 21

‘‘Russian Suspension Agreement’’)— 22

(A) to reinvigorate the entire nuclear fuel 23

supply chain, consistent with the national secu-24


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rity and nonproliferation goals of the United 1

States; and 2

(B) to protect the United States uranium 3

industry from the manipulation of the global 4

uranium market by the Russian Federation and 5

Russian-influenced competitors; and 6

(3) a renegotiated suspension agreement is an 7

important component of a broader strategy to prevent 8

adversaries of the United States from monopolizing 9

the nuclear fuel supply chain. 10

SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CENTER 11

TO RESPOND TO THREATS FROM THE GOV-12

ERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 13

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a National 14

Fusion Center to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which shall 15

focus primarily on such threats from the Government of the 16

Russian Federation, and shall be chaired by senior United 17

States Government officials from participating agencies (in 18

this section referred to as the ‘‘Center’’). 19

(b) MISSION.—The primary missions of the Center are 20

as follows: 21

(1) To serve as the primary organization in the 22

United States Government to coordinate analysis and 23

policy implementation across the United States Gov-24

ernment in responding to hybrid threats posed by the 25


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Government of the Russian Federation to the national 1

security, sovereignty, democracy, and economic activ-2

ity of the United States and United States allies, in-3

cluding the following activities: 4

(A) Execution of disinformation, misin-5

formation, and propaganda campaigns through 6

traditional and social media platforms, includ-7

ing disinformation campaigns that target mem-8

bers of the United States Armed Forces or the 9

families of members of the United States Armed 10

Forces. 11

(B) Formation, infiltration, or manipula-12

tion of cultural, religious, educational, and polit-13

ical organizations or parties. 14

(C) Covert transfer of illicit money through 15

shell corporations and financial institutions to 16

facilitate corruption, crime, and malign influ-17

ence activities, including through political par-18

ties and interest groups. 19

(D) Coercive tactics and gray zone activi-20

ties, including through para-military and para- 21

police and security services and militias. 22

(E) Cyber and other non-traditional 23

threats, including against public infrastructure, 24


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government institutions, or political organiza-1

tions or actors. 2

(F) Use of energy resources or infrastruc-3

ture to influence or constrain sovereign states 4

and political actors. 5

(2) To synchronize the efforts of the Department 6

of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Depart-7

ment of Defense, the Department of Homeland Secu-8

rity, the intelligence community, other relevant civil-9

ian United States Government agencies, and United 10

States military combatant commands with respect to 11

countering efforts by the Government of the Russian 12

Federation to undermine the national security, polit-13

ical sovereignty, democratic institutions, and eco-14

nomic activity of the United States and its United 15

States allies, including by— 16

(A) ensuring that each such element is 17

aware of and coordinating on such efforts; and 18

(B) overseeing the development and imple-19

mentation of comprehensive and integrated pol-20

icy responses to such efforts. 21

(3) In coordination with the head of the Global 22

Engagement Center established by section 1287 of the 23

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 24

2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note), to 25


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examine current and emerging efforts by malign state 1

actors to use propaganda and disinformation oper-2

ations, including— 3

(A) traditional media platforms such as tel-4

evision, radio, and print; and 5

(B) social media platforms and other Inter-6

net communication tools. 7

(4) To identify and close gaps across the depart-8

ments and agencies of the Federal Government with 9

respect to expertise, readiness, and planning to ad-10

dress the threats posed by the Government of the Rus-11

sian Federation. 12

(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 13

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Center 14

shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit-15

tees every 180 days a report on threats posed by the 16

Russian Federation to the national security, sov-17

ereignty, and economic activity of the United States 18

and its allies. 19

(2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—Each report under 20

paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the pe-21

riod covered by the report, a discussion of the fol-22

lowing: 23

(A) The nature, extent, and execution of the 24

threats described in such paragraph. 25


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(B) The ability of the United States Gov-1

ernment to identify and defend against such 2

threats. 3

(C) The progress of the Center in achieving 4

its missions, including through coordination 5

with other governments and multilateral organi-6

zations. 7

(D) Recommendations the Director deter-8

mines necessary for legislative actions to improve 9

the ability of the Center to achieve its missions. 10

(3) FORM.—Each report under paragraph (1) 11

shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-12

clude a classified annex. 13

(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 14






fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Sen-20

ate; and 21




resentatives. 25


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(2) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘in-1

telligence community’’ means an element of the intel-2

ligence community specified or designated under sec-3

tion 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947. 4

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 5

authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec-6

essary to carry out this section. 7

SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND. 8

(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 9

authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian 10

Influence Fund described in section 7070(d) of the Depart-11

ment of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 12

Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law 115– 13

31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2021 and 14

2022. 15

(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts in the Countering Rus-16

sian Influence Fund shall be used in countries of Europe 17

and Eurasia the Secretary of State has determined are vul-18

nerable to malign influence by the Russian Federation to 19

effectively implement, subject to the availability of funds, 20

the following goals: 21

(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure 22

and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks. 23

(2) To combat disinformation and other attempts 24

to influence democratic processes and elections. 25


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(3) To combat corruption, improve the rule of 1

law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries 2

and prosecutors general offices. 3

(4) To respond to the humanitarian crises and 4

instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and 5

occupations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by the 6


(5) To improve participatory legislative proc-8

esses and legal education, political transparency and 9

competition, and compliance with international obli-10

gations. 11

(6) To build the capacity of civil society, media, 12

and other nongovernmental organizations countering 13

the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federa-14

tion to combat corruption, prioritize access to truthful 15

information, and operate freely in all regions. 16

(7) To assist the Secretary of State in executing 17

the functions specified in section 1239(b) of the Na-18

tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 19

(Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) for the pur-20

poses of recognizing, understanding, exposing, and 21

countering propaganda and disinformation efforts by 22

foreign governments, in coordination with the rel-23

evant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secre-24

taries of the Department of State. 25


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(c) REVISION OF ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH AMOUNTS 1

MAY BE USED.—The Secretary of State may modify a goal 2

described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days before 3

revising such goal, the Secretary notifies the appropriate 4

congressional committees of the revision. 5

(d) IMPLEMENTATION.— 6

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall, 7

acting through the Coordinator of United States As-8

sistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursuant 9

to section 601 of the Support for East European De-10

mocracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5461) and 11

section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging 12

Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support 13

Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5812)), and in consultation 14

with the Administrator for the United States Agency 15

for International Development, the Director of the 16

Global Engagement Center of the Department of 17

State, the Secretary of Defense, the Commander of 18

United States European Command, the Chief Execu-19

tive Officer of the United States Agency for Global 20

Media, and the heads of other relevant Federal agen-21

cies, coordinate and carry out activities to achieve the 22

goals described in subsection (b). 23


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(2) METHOD.—Activities to achieve the goals de-1

scribed in subsection (b) shall be carried out 2

through— 3

(A) initiatives of the United States Govern-4

ment; 5

(B) Federal grant programs such as the In-6

formation Access Fund; 7

(C) nongovernmental or international orga-8

nizations; or 9

(D) support exchanges with countries facing 10

state-sponsored disinformation and pressure 11

campaigns, particularly in Europe and Eurasia, 12

provided that a portion of the funds are made 13

available through a process whereby the Bureau 14

of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the De-15

partment of State solicits proposals from posts 16

located in affected countries to counter state- 17

sponsored disinformation and hybrid threats, 18

promote democracy, and support exchanges with 19

countries facing state-sponsored disinformation 20

and pressure campaigns. 21

(3) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.— 22

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1 of 23

each year, the Secretary of State, acting through 24

the Coordinator of United States Assistance to 25


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Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to the appro-1

priate congressional committees a report on the 2

programs and activities carried out to achieve 3

the goals described in subsection (b) during the 4

preceding fiscal year. 5

(B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by 6

subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to 7

each program or activity described in that sub-8

paragraph— 9

(i) the amount of funding for the pro-10

gram or activity; 11

(ii) the goal described in subsection (b) 12

to which the program or activity relates; 13

and 14

(iii) an assessment of whether or not 15

the goal was met. 16

(e) COORDINATION WITH GLOBAL PARTNERS.— 17

(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to maximize impact, 18

eliminate duplication, and speed the achievement of 19

the goals described in subsection (b), the Secretary of 20

State shall ensure coordination with— 21

(A) the European Union and its institu-22

tions; 23


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(B) the governments of countries that are 1

members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-2

tion or the European Union; and 3

(C) international organizations and quasi- 4

governmental funding entities that carry out 5

programs and activities that seek to accomplish 6

the goals described in subsection (b). 7

(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 8

shall be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign 9

assistance not provided using amounts available in the 10

Countering Russian Influence Fund. 11

(g) EXPANSION OF PILOT PROGRAM.— 12

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 13

expand the pilot program required under section 14

254(g) of the Countering America’s Adversaries 15

Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)) to hire 16

additional personnel within the Bureau for Democ-17

racy, Human Rights, and Labor to develop and im-18

plement programs focused on combating corruption, 19

improving rule of law, and building capacity of civil 20

society, political parties, and independent media. 21

(2) REPORT ON ENSURING ADEQUATE STAFFING 22

FOR GOVERNANCE ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 90 23

days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 24

Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on 25


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Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropria-1

tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-2

fairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the 3

House of Representatives a report on implementation 4

of the pilot program required under section 254(g) of 5

the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and 6

Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)). 7

(h) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-8









SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS 17

EUROPE AND EURASIA. 18


(1) the Government of the Russian Federation 20

has applied, and continues to apply traditional uses 21

of force, intelligence operations, cyber attacks, and in-22

fluence campaigns, including through the use of cor-23

ruption, disinformation, and cultural and social in-24


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fluence, which represent clear and present threats to 1

the countries of Europe and Eurasia; 2

(2) in response, governments in Europe and 3

Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience 4

within their institutions, political systems, and civil 5

societies; 6

(3) the United States Government supports the 7

democratic and rule of law-based institutions that the 8

Government of the Russian Federation seeks to under-9

mine, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-10

tion, the Organization for Security and Cooperation 11

in Europe, and the European Union; 12


tinue to work with and strengthen such institutions, 14

including the European Union, as a partner against 15

aggression by the Government of the Russian Federa-16

tion through the coordination of aid programs, devel-17

opment assistance, and other efforts to counter malign 18

Russian influence; 19


tinue to work with the individual countries of Europe 21

and Eurasia to bolster efforts to counter malign Rus-22

sian influence in all its forms; and 23

(6) the United States Government should in-24

crease assistance and diplomatic efforts in Europe, 25


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including in European Union and NATO countries, 1

to address threats to fundamental human rights and 2

backsliding in rule of law protections, operating space 3

for independent media and civil society, and other 4

democratic institutions, whose strength is critical to 5

defending against malign Russian influence over the 6

long term. 7

SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUS-8

SIAN FEDERATION OF INTERPOL RED NO-9

TICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS. 10

(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 11

(1) The International Criminal Police Organiza-12

tion (commonly known as ‘‘INTERPOL’’) works to 13

prevent and fight crime through enhanced cooperation 14

and innovation on police and security matters, in-15

cluding counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter-16

narcotics, and transnational organized crime. 17

(2) United States membership and participation 18

in INTERPOL advances the national security and 19

law enforcement interests of the United States related 20

to combatting counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter-21

narcotics, and combatting transnational organized 22

crime. 23

(3) Article 2 of INTERPOL’s Constitution states 24

that the organization aims ‘‘[t]o ensure and promote 25


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the widest possible mutual assistance between all 1

criminal police authorities [. . .] in the spirit of the 2

‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ ’’. 3

(4) Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution states 4

that, ‘‘[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organization 5

to undertake any intervention or activities of a polit-6

ical, military, religious or racial character.’’. 7

(5) Independent international nongovernmental 8

organizations have documented how several 9

INTERPOL member countries, including the Govern-10

ment of the Russian Federation and others, have used 11

INTERPOL’s processes, including the red notice and 12

red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of a political 13

character. 14

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 15

that the Government of the Russian Federation and the gov-16

ernments of certain other countries have repeatedly abused 17

and misused INTERPOL’s red notice and red diffusion 18

mechanisms for overtly political purposes and activities 19

such as harassing or persecuting political opponents, 20

human rights defenders, or journalists. 21

(c) CENSURE OF ABUSIVE ACTIVITY AND INSTITU-22

TIONAL REFORMS.—The Attorney General, in coordination 23

with the Secretary of State, shall use the voice, vote, and 24

influence of the United States at INTERPOL— 25


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(1) to inform the INTERPOL General Secre-1

tariat about cases in which countries are misusing its 2

systems for activities of a political character or other 3

purposes contrary to INTERPOL’s Constitution, so 4

that appropriate measures may be taken by 5

INTERPOL; 6

(2) to advance institutional reforms at 7

INTERPOL, including in the General Secretariat, 8

the Commission for the Control of Files, and the No-9

tices and Diffusions Task Force within the General 10

Secretariat, to prevent member countries from abus-11

ing and misusing INTERPOL’s red notice and diffu-12

sion mechanisms; 13

(3) to increase, to the extent practicable, dedi-14

cated funding to the Commission for the Control of 15

Files and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force in 16

order to further expand operations related to the re-17

view of requests for red notices and red diffusions; 18

and 19

(4) to censure member countries that repeatedly 20

abuse and misuse INTERPOL’s red notice and red 21

diffusion mechanisms, including restricting the access 22

of those countries to INTERPOL’s data and informa-23

tion systems. 24


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(d) REPORT ON UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR 1

INTERPOL REFORMS.— 2



State, in consultation with the Attorney General, 5

shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit-6

tees an unclassified report on United States support 7

for institutional reforms at INTERPOL that are nec-8

essary to address abuse and misuse of INTERPOL’s 9

red notice and red diffusion mechanisms. 10


graph (1) shall include— 12

(A) to the extent feasible, a description of 13

United States support for reforms that increase 14

INTERPOL’s transparency with respect to— 15

(i) the number of red notices and red 16

diffusions requested by each member coun-17

try; 18

(ii) the number or proportion of re-19

quests for red notice or red diffusions re-20

jected by INTERPOL, following internal re-21

view, for each member country; 22

(iii) how INTERPOL’s General Secre-23

tariat identifies requests for red notice or 24

red diffusions that are politically motivated 25


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or are otherwise in violation of 1

INTERPOL’s rules; and 2

(iv) how INTERPOL reviews and ad-3

dresses cases in which a member country 4

has abused or misused the red notice and 5

red diffusion mechanisms for overtly polit-6

ical purposes; and 7

(B) a list of countries that the Secretary de-8

termines have repeatedly abused and misused the 9

red notice and red diffusion mechanisms for po-10

litical purposes. 11

(3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The report required 12

by paragraph (1) shall be posted on a publicly avail-13

able interest website of the Department of State and 14

of the Department of Justice. 15

(e) PROHIBITION AGAINST ACTION ON ABUSIVE RED 16

NOTICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS.—An official of the United 17

States may not take any action against a person based sole-18

ly on the issuance of an INTERPOL red notice or red diffu-19

sion issued by a country identified on the list required by 20

paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in consultation with 21

the Attorney General, determines and certifies to the appro-22

priate congressional committees that the red notice or red 23

diffusion was not issued for political purposes. 24


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(f) BRIEFING ON RESOURCES FOR INTERPOL WASH-1

INGTON.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-2

ment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with 3

the Secretary of State, shall brief the appropriate congres-4

sional committees on— 5

(1) recommendations with respect to— 6

(A) the appropriate number of employees of 7

the United States at the United States National 8

Central Bureau and detailed to INTERPOL, in-9

cluding the Office of Legislative Affairs, the No-10

tices and Diffusion Task Force, the Commission 11

for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files, the Execu-12

tive Committee of INTERPOL, and other key 13

positions at the headquarters of INTERPOL in 14

Lyon, France, or other offices of INTERPOL; 15

and 16

(B) improving technological innovations, 17

including case management or other systems, of 18

the United States National Central Bureau; and 19

(2) an estimate of the funding required to sup-20

port those recommendations. 21

(g) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-22




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(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 1

Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and 2

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 3

Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-4

resentatives. 5

SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES 6

AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY BY THE 7

RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA. 8


(1) In March 2016, Amnesty International 10

issued a report stating, ‘‘Syrian and Russian forces 11

have been deliberately attacking health facilities in 12

flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. 13

But what is truly egregious is that wiping out hos-14

pitals appears to have become part of their military 15

strategy.’’. 16

(2) On September 21, 2017, Department of State 17

Spokesperson Heather Nauert said, ‘‘The United 18

States is concerned by reports of airstrikes in Idlib 19

province and northern Hama province on September 20

19 and 20 that killed at least three medical personnel 21

and damaged a number of medical facilities, emer-22

gency equipment, and civil defense centers. These at-23

tacks fit an all-too-familiar pattern in which medical 24

facilities and personnel—and the civilians they 25


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serve—are victims of strikes by the Syrian regime 1

and its Russian allies.’’. 2

(3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian air-3

strikes in rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit 4

at least 9 medical facilities. In a statement on Feb-5

ruary 10, 2018, the office of Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, 6

the United Nations High Commissioner for Human 7

Rights, said the airstrikes ‘‘may, depending on the 8

circumstances, all constitute war crimes’’. 9

(4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations Inde-10

pendent International Commission of Inquiry on the 11

Syrian Arab Republic noted, ‘‘[I]n one particularly 12

harmful attack on 13 November, the Russian Air 13

Force carried out airstrikes on a densely populated 14

civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at least 84 15

people and injuring another 150. Using unguided 16

weapons, the attack struck a market, police station, 17

shops, and a restaurant, and may amount to a war 18

crime.’’. 19

(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State shall 20

submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 21

on alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity attrib-22

utable to the Government of the Russian Federation or 23

paramilitary forces or contractors responsive to the direc-24


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tion of that Government during the operations of that Gov-1

ernment in Syria— 2

(1) not later than 60 days after the date of the 3

enactment of this Act; and 4

(2) not later than 180 days after the date on 5

which the Secretary of State determines that the vio-6

lence in Syria has ceased. 7

(c) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subsection 8

(b) shall include the following: 9

(1) A description of alleged war crimes and 10

crimes against humanity described in subsection (b), 11

including— 12

(A) any such alleged crimes that may vio-13

late the principle of medical neutrality and, if 14

possible, an identification of the individual or 15

individuals who engaged in or organized such 16

crimes; and 17

(B) if possible, a description of the conven-18

tional and unconventional weapons used for such 19

alleged crimes and the origins of such weapons. 20

(2) An assessment of whether such alleged crimes 21

constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, 22

including genocide. 23

(3) A description and assessment by the Office of 24

Global Criminal Justice of the Department of State, 25


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the United States Agency for International Develop-1

ment, the Department of Justice, and other appro-2

priate Federal agencies, of programs that the United 3

States Government has undertaken to ensure account-4

ability for such alleged crimes, including programs— 5

(A) to train investigators within and out-6

side of Syria on how to document, investigate, 7

develop findings with respect to, and identify 8

and locate alleged perpetrators of, such alleged 9

crimes, including— 10

(i) the number of United States Gov-11

ernment or contractor personnel currently 12

designated to work full-time on such train-13

ing; and 14

(ii) an identification of the authorities 15

and appropriations being used to support 16

such training; and 17

(B) to document, collect, preserve, and pro-18

tect evidence of such alleged crimes, including 19

support for Syrian, foreign, and international 20

nongovernmental organizations, and other enti-21

ties, including the International, Impartial and 22

Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Inves-23

tigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible 24

for the Most Serious Crimes under International 25


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Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic 1

since March 2011 and the Independent Inter-2

national Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian 3

Arab Republic of the United Nations. 4

(d) PROTECTION OF WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE.—In 5

preparing the report required by subsection (b), the Sec-6

retary shall take due care to ensure that the identities of 7

witnesses and physical evidence are not publicly disclosed 8

in a manner that might place such witnesses at risk of harm 9

or encourage the destruction of such evidence by the Govern-10

ment of the Russian Federation or the Government of 11

Syria, violent extremist groups, anti-government forces, or 12

any other combatants or participants in the conflict in 13

Syria. 14

(e) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (b) 15

may be submitted in unclassified or classified form, but 16

shall include a publicly available annex. 17








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SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED-4

ERATION IN SYRIA. 5





priate congressional committees and leadership a report 10

that includes— 11

(1) an assessment of the willingness and capac-12

ity of the Government of the Russian Federation to 13

ensure the removal of Iranian forces, Iran-aligned 14

and Iran-directed militias and paramilitaries, and 15

other armed groups responsive to the direction of 16

Iran, from the territory of Syria; 17


the Government of the Russian Federation would take 19

if that Government were willing to ensure the removal 20

of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other 21

armed groups described in paragraph (1) from the 22

territory of Syria; 23


the Government of the Russian Federation would take 25


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to ensure the removal of the forces, militias, 1

paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in 2

paragraph (1) from the territory of Syria if that Gov-3

ernment were capable of doing so; 4

(4) an assessment of whether any of the policies, 5

actions, or activities described in paragraph (2) or 6

(3) are being taken by the Government of the Russian 7

Federation; 8

(5) an assessment of the specific commitments 9

made by officials of the Government of the Russian 10

Federation to officials of the Government of Israel 11

with respect to the Golan Heights and the presence of 12

the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other armed 13

groups described in paragraph (1) in the territory of 14

Syria; 15

(6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and 16

knowledge directly or indirectly transferred by the 17

Government of the Russian Federation to the regime 18

of Bashar al-Assad, Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, or 19

Iran-aligned forces in Syria that threaten the security 20

and qualitative military edge of Israel; and 21

(7) an assessment of whether the presence of Rus-22

sian forces and Russian contractors in Syria limits 23

the options of the Government of Israel in taking 24


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steps to ensure its security from threats emanating 1

from the territory of Syria. 2

(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 3

be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a 4

classified annex. 5

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND 6

LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-7

priate congressional committees and leadership’’ means— 8



and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; 11

and 12


mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways 14

and Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and 15

the minority leader of the House of Representatives. 16

SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS 17

NEMTSOV. 18


date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 20

in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, 21


and leadership a report detailing the circumstances of the 23

assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian opposition 24

leader Boris Nemtsov, including— 25


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(1) a list of the individuals the Secretary deter-1

mines to have been involved in the assassination as 2

perpetrators or as having organized or directed the 3

assassination; 4

(2) a description of what measures, if any, have 5

been taken by the Government of the Russian Federa-6

tion to investigate the assassination and bring the in-7

dividuals described in paragraph (1) to justice; and 8

(3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those 9

measures. 10

(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 11

be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a 12

classified annex. 13

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND 14

LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-15

priate congressional committees and leadership’’ means— 16



the Committee on Finance, and the majority and mi-19

nority leaders of the Senate; and 20


mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways 22

and Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and 23

the minority leader of the House of Representatives. 24


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SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND AS-1

SETS OF VLADIMIR PUTIN. 2



Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congressional 5

committees a detailed report on the personal net worth and 6

assets of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir 7

Putin, including— 8

(1) the estimated net worth and known sources 9

of income of Vladimir Putin and his family members, 10

including assets, investments, bank accounts, other 11

business interests, and relevant beneficial ownership 12

information; and 13

(2) an identification of the most significant sen-14

ior foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Rus-15

sian Federation, as determined by their closeness to 16

Vladimir Putin. 17

(b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 18

subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form 19

but may include a classified annex. 20

(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-21







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SEC. 712. REPORT ON THE THREAT POSED BY RUSSIAN NA-4

TIONAL YEVGENIY PRIGOZHIN AND HIS AF-5

FILIATED STRUCTURES TO UNITED STATES 6

NATIONAL SECURITY. 7





priate congressional committees a report assessing the 12

threat posed to the national security of the United States 13

by Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin and his affiliated 14

structures, including— 15

(1) an assessment of the activities by the Wagner 16

Group and other mercenary organizations affiliated 17

with Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin in the 18

Central African Republic, Venezuela, Syria, Libya, 19

Sudan, Madagascar, and other countries, and the 20

threat those activities may pose to the national inter-21

ests and national security of the United States; 22

(2) an assessment of the nature of the relation-23

ship between the Wagner Group and other organiza-24

tions affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin and the mili-25


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tary and the Government of the Russian Federation; 1

and 2

(3) an assessment of the role of the Wagner 3

Group and other organizations affiliated with Rus-4

sian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin in the murder of 5

Russian journalists Orkhan Dzhemal, Alexander 6

Rastorguyev, and Kirill Radchenko in the Central Af-7

rican Republic on July 31, 2018. 8

(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-9


sional committees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Rela-11

tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 12

of the House of Representatives. 13

SEC. 713. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON VIOLATIONS OF LGBTI 14

HUMAN RIGHTS. 15


(1) the United States strongly condemns human 17

rights violations against the LGBTI community in 18

Chechnya, including extrajudicial killings, abduc-19

tions, torture, and other violations of internationally 20

recognized human rights; and 21

(2) the United States calls on the Russian Fed-22

eration to fully investigate human rights violations 23

against the LGBTI community, hold perpetrators ac-24


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countable, protect victims, and stop persecuting activ-1

ists who assist victims. 2

SEC. 714. ADDRESSING OBSTRUCTION BY THE RUSSIAN 3

FEDERATION OF MULTILATERAL ACTION 4

THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY 5

COUNCIL. 6


(1) The Russian Federation routinely uses its 8

veto power and influence at the United Nations Secu-9

rity Council to obstruct multilateral action on global 10

challenges, undermining the security of the United 11

States and countries around the world. 12

(2) The Russian Federation has vetoed more 13

than a dozen United Nations Security Council resolu-14

tions dealing with Syria since the beginning of the 15

conflict in Syria in 2011, including resolutions deal-16

ing with the use of chemical weapons, the humani-17

tarian situation in Syria, and violations of human 18

rights. 19

(3) In recent years, the Russian Federation has 20

blocked United Nations Security Council action re-21

lated to numerous security challenges, including those 22

in Ukraine, Yemen, and Venezuela. 23

(4) The Russian Federation continues to impede 24

efforts by the United Nations Security Council to en-25


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force sanctions with respect to North Korea, including 1

sanctions relating to North Korean laborers and ex-2

ports of petroleum products. 3

(b) REPORT REQUIRED.— 4



State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Rela-7

tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-8

fairs of the House of Representatives an unclassified 9

report on Russian obstruction of multilateral action 10

in the United Nations Security Council. 11


graph (1) shall describe— 13

(A) actions by the Russian Federation to 14

block multilateral action through the United Na-15

tions Security Council counter to the policies of 16

the United States; 17

(B) the benefits and disadvantages to 18

United States national security priorities of ex-19

panded United Nations Security Council mem-20

bership of both permanent and rotating mem-21

bers; 22

(C) the position of the United States on 23

United Nations Security Council reform pro-24


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posals presented by other United Nations mem-1

bers and nongovernmental actors; and 2

(D) diplomatic means to respond to obstruc-3

tion by the Russian Federation of multilateral 4

action through the United Nations Security 5

Council. 6

SEC. 715. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF 7

TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES FOR STATE-SPON-8

SORED DISINFORMATION. 9

It is the sense of Congress that technology companies, 10

particularly social media companies, share responsibility 11

for ensuring that their platforms are free of disinformation 12

sponsored by the Government of the Russian Federation 13

and other foreign governments. 14

SEC. 716. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLITICAL PRISONERS 15

IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 16


(1) the Government of the United States con-18

demns the deliberate targeting and detention of polit-19

ical prisoners within the Russian Federation, includ-20

ing— 21

(A) peaceful protesters; 22

(B) civil society activists; 23

(C) human rights advocates; 24

(D) journalists; 25


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(E) Crimean Tatars; 1

(F) members of a political organization 2

considered ‘‘undesirable’’ in the Russian Federa-3

tion; and 4

(G) adherents of a religious group prohib-5

ited by the Russian Federation; and 6

(2) the President should seek to impose targeted 7

sanctions on government officials of the Russian Fed-8

eration responsible for human rights abuses under ex-9

isting authorities, including the Sergei Magnitsky 10

Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (title IV of 11

Public Law 112–208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note) and the 12

Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 13

(subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114–328; 22 14

U.S.C. 2656 note). 15

SEC. 717. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLICY WITH RESPECT 16

TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN AFRICA. 17


(1) Russian President Vladimir Putin seeks to 19

increase the influence of the Russian Federation in 20

Africa to— 21

(A) project power and strategic influence in 22

the international arena by taking advantage of 23

African countries, including some that are eco-24


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nomically and politically vulnerable, in an op-1

portunistic and exploitative manner; 2

(B) increase access by the Russian Federa-3

tion to natural resources and raw materials 4

without respect for international anti-corruption 5

and transparency best practices; and 6

(C) expand the market for goods and serv-7

ices from the Russian Federation, especially 8

arms, oil, gas, and nuclear energy; 9

(2) President Putin recently convened delegates 10

from 45 African countries, including 43 heads of state 11

in Sochi, Russian Federation, at the first Russia-Af-12

rica Forum on October 23 and 24, 2019; 13

(3) during the Russia-Africa Forum, 13 African 14

leaders held bilateral meetings with President Putin; 15

(4) President Putin announced that the Russian 16

Federation had signed ‘‘more than 30 military tac-17

tical cooperation agreements’’ including for a ‘‘large 18

array of weaponry and hardware’’ by the conclusion 19

of the Russia-Africa Forum; 20

(5) the Russia-Africa Forum resulted in a re-21

ported $12,500,000,000 in business deals, largely in 22

arms, and President Putin announced a 23

$40,000,000,000 goal for trade with Africa; 24


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(6) from 2006 to 2018, total trade by the Rus-1

sian Federation with sub-Saharan Africa reportedly 2

increased by 336 percent; 3

(7) the Russian Federation is the largest arms 4

exporter to the African continent, accounting for 49 5

percent of the total estimated value of arms exports to 6

North Africa (mostly to Algeria), and 28 percent to 7

sub-Saharan Africa in the period from 2014 through 8

2018; 9

(8) as it did in the 2016 United States election, 10

the Russian Federation has interfered in a number of 11

recent African elections to further its national eco-12

nomic and political interests; 13

(9) activities by the Russian Federation in Afri-14

ca include— 15

(A) meddling in democratic electoral proc-16

esses; 17

(B) offering low or no cost financing to im-18

poverished countries in exchange for lucrative 19

natural resource contracts for firms controlled by 20

Russian state-backed oligarchs; 21

(C) supplying arms and munitions to gov-22

ernments with autocratic leanings as well as oc-23

casionally to rebel leaders; and 24


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(D) installing military and, in some in-1

stances, political advisors in key decision-making 2

circles; 3

(10) Yevgeniy Prigozhin, a close associate of 4

President Putin, the Wagner Group, and other enti-5

ties affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin are frequently 6

at the center of election interference efforts by the 7

Russian Federation and are often beneficiaries of as-8

sociated natural resource contracts; 9

(11) in Madagascar, after meeting with the in-10

cumbent President of the country, President Putin re-11

portedly authorized an electoral disinformation cam-12

paign on social media and bolstered multiple spoiler 13

presidential candidates in exchange for lucrative min-14

ing concessions for a company controlled by Yevgeniy 15

Prigozhin; 16

(12) in Guinea, the Russian Federation is sup-17

porting the attempt by President Alpha Conde to 18

overturn the Constitution of Guinea and serve a third 19

5-year term, likely to preserve access to Guinean 20

bauxite for the top aluminum company in the Rus-21

sian Federation, Rusal; 22

(13) in the Central African Republic, President 23

Faustin-Archange Touadera appointed a former Rus-24

sian intelligence official as his security advisor and 25


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Moscow deployed soldiers and private military con-1

tractors to train Central African soldiers, reportedly 2

in exchange for diamond and gold mining access for 3

entities affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin; 4

(14) in Libya, President Putin has reportedly 5

disregarded the United Nations arms embargo with 6

respect to that country and sent arms and merce-7

naries to bolster rebel General Khalifa Haftar, calcu-8

lating that control by General Haftar of the oil rich 9

regions of Libya would be in the economic best inter-10

ests of the Russian Federation; 11

(15) in Sudan, interventions by the Russian 12

Federation range from arming the regime of former 13

President Omar al Bashir, to blocking United Na-14

tions Security Council sanctions designations linked 15

to the Darfur conflict, to facilitating violent efforts to 16

suppress opposition protests in early 2019 as the Rus-17

sian Federation sought to preserve its mining and en-18

ergy contracts and gain strategic access to the Red 19

Sea; and 20

(16) in Zimbabwe, the Russian Federation 21

courted President Emmerson Mnangagwa when he 22

went to Moscow seeking loans to alleviate an economic 23

crisis, with opportunities for the Russian Federation 24


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to invest in oil and gas, diamond, and platinum con-1

cessions from Zimbabwe as the likely draw. 2


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Calendar N

o. 389

11

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Documents

Calendar No. 389 TH ST CONGRESS SESSION S. 482 · Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes En-forcement Network. Sec. 703. Extension of limitations on importation