Calculus III (Advanced Calculus)

Calculus III(Advanced Calculus)

Classic Lecture Notes Presentation byRubono Setiawan, S.Si.,M.Sc.

04/19/2023 2

Contents of Lesson

• Vector and The Geometry of Space• Differential Calculus of Function • Differential Calculus of Function • Multiple Integral• Vector Calculus

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Classic Lecture Notes of Calculus III by Rubono Setiawan, S.Si.,M.Sc.

04/19/2023 Classic Lecture Notes of Calculus III by Rubono Setiawan, S.Si.,M.Sc.

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Bibliography

• E.J. Purcell, D. Varberg, Calculus Ninth Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc, New-York, USA, 1987.

• J.Stewart, Calculus, Fifth Edition, ITP, Singapore.


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Contents of ‘’ KD 1 ‘’

1. Vector and The Geometry of Space2. Differential Calculus of Function ( Introduction, Function of Several Variables, Limit and

Continuity )

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Chapter 1. Vector and The Geometry of Space

• First, Loot at the following figure below...

• Wind Velocity is a vector because it has magnitude and direction. Picture are velocity vectors indicating the wind pattern over San Francisco Bay at 12 : 00 P.M on June 11, 2002


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• and then see also this following picture


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1.1. Three Dimensional Coordinate Systems

• In this chapter we introduce vectors and coordinate systems for three dimensional space. This material is important because this will be setting for our study of the calculus of functions of two variables in the next chapter and the graph of such function is a surface in space.


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• In order to represent point in space, we have the following steps :

1. First, we choose a fixed point 0 ( the origin ) and three directed lines through 0 that are perpendicular to each other, called the coordinate axes.

2. Labeled the coresponding lines as the x- axes, y – axes and z – axes. Usually we think of the x – and y-axes as being vertical. Looks up the following figure.


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3. The direction of z – axis is determined by right hand rule : If you curl your the fingers of your right hand around the z- axis in the direction of a 900 counterclockwise rotation from the positive x- axis to the positive y – axis, then your thumb points in the positve direction of the z – axis.


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Octant

The three coordinate axes determine the three coordinate planes

These three coordinate planes divide space into eight parts, called octants. The first octant is determined by the positive axes.


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• Let P is any point in space, let a be the ( directed ) distance from yz- plane to P, let b be the distance from xz- plane to P, and let c be the distance from the xy-plane to P.

• We represent the point P by the ordered triple (a,b,c) of real numbers and we call a, b,and c the coordinate of P, a is the x-coordinate, b is the y – coodinate and c – is the z coordinate

• Hence, to locate the point (a, b, c ), we can start at the origin O and move a units along the x- axis, then b unit parallel to the y – axis, and then c unit parallel to the z- axis

How Locate any Point in three Dimensional Space ?


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• Example : As numerical ilustrations,the points (-4,3,-5) and (3,-2,-6) are plotted in the following figure :


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Distance of Two Points in Three Dimensional Space

• Let two points in three dimensional space and

the distance between the points and is

),,( 1111 zyxP

),,( 2222 zyxP

21PP

1P 2P

2122

122

1221 )()( zzyyxxPP


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Sphere Formula• Based on the previous formula, we can derive a sphere formula. Sphere is

a collection point which have the constant distance from the spesific fixed ( center ) point. An equation of sphere with center C( h, k, l ) and radius r is

2222 )()()( rlzkyhx

In particular , if the center is the origin O, then an equation of the sphere is

2222 rzyx


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Example

• Show that is the equation of a sphere, and find its center and radius !

06264222 zyxzyx


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Thank’s for yours attention

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Calculus III (Advanced Calculus)