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Document no : 01 - 42 08 071 -ES
Attachment
Number of pages
Electrical Systems and Engine Room
Displacement, LWT and DWT
rev. date Document Title Prepared by Reviwed by Approved by
Miftahuddin nur Ir. Dwi Priyanta
,MSE
Ir. Hari
Prastowo, Msc.
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : II
Table of contents
1. Introduction…...………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
2. Objective……………...……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
3. Reference………...………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
4. Abbreviation……………...………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
5. Description of calculation…………….....……………………………………………………………….. 2
6. Summary ............................…………………………………………………………………………….. 7
List of attachments
attachments 1 Detail Equipment list code………………………………………………………….. 4
Displacement, LWT and DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 01
1. Introduction
1.1. Displasement
1.2. Light Weight Tonnage
1.Weight of ship's structural
2.Weight of outfitting
3.Weight of Machinery
4.Recidual Weight
1.3. Dead Weight Tonnage
2. Objective
3. Reference
Practical Ship Design, Chapter 4 Weight-Based Designs, D.G.M. Watson
4. Abbreviation
Lpp = Length of between perpendicular
Lwl = Length of waterline
B = Breadth of ship
H = Height of ship
T = Draught of ship
Vs = Ships velocity
Cb = Block coefficient
ρsea water = Sea water density
K = Wet steel weight's constant
SFOC = Specific Fuel Oil Consumption
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
Displasemen volume is the total volume of water displaced by the weight of an
object. There are two factors that affect the displacement of the ship, the
weight of the ship components that can be transformed (DWT) and the weight
of the ship components that can not be changed (LWT).
Is the weight that come from the value of weight displacement minus the light
weight tonnages. That consist of cargo's weight, fuel oil, fresh water, ballast
water, provision and ship's crew weight
The objective of this document is to determine the estimation of displacement, light
weight tonnage, and dead weight tonnage in order to find the relation between
Based on the book "Practical ship design chapter 4" LWT ship explained that
consists of several components:
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Rev. No :
page. No : 02
W res = Reserve weight
▼ = Displacement volume
∆ = Ships displacement
Wst = Wet steel weight
E = Steel weights parameter
l1 = Length of forecastle deck
l2 = Length of poop deck
h1 = Height of forecastle deck
h2 = Height of poop deck
Woa = Weight of outfit and accomdation
Wm = Machineriy weight
= Main engines weight
= Maximum continous rating (kW)
= Engine RPM
Wr = Auxiliary engines weight
Wres = Reserve weight
5. Description of calculation
5.1 Displacement Calculation
a. Displacement Volume
▼= Lwl x B x T x Cb
where : ▼ = Displacement volume
Lwl = Ships length on the water line
B = Ship width in the middle of ship
T = Draft on fully cargo
Cb = Block coefficients
b. Weight Displacement
∆ = ▼x ρ sea water
where : ∆ = ships displacement
▼ = ships displacement volume
ρ sea water = the density of sea water
5.2 Light Weight Tonnage
a. Weight of ship's structural
MCR
According to the book "Practical Ship Design chapter 4/4.2.4"by DGM
Watson, to calculate the weight of the structure of the ship can use the
formula :
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
RPM
Wd
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Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 03
where : K = Coefisien, depend on ship type
E = Equipment Numerical
E = L ( B +T ) + 0.85 L ( D -T ) + 0.85 ( l1 h1 ) + 0.75 ( l2 h2 )
Where :
L = legth between perpendicular
B = breadth
T = draft
D = depth
l1 = length of full width erection
h1 = height of full width erection
l2 = length of houses
h2 = height of houses
b. Weight Outfit and accommodation (Woa)
c. Weight of Machinery
Divided into two components: propulsion machinery and remainder.
c.1.
Wd = 12 (MCR/RPM)0,84
c.2
Wr = K x (MCR)^0.70
Wst = K x E1,36
Based on the book "Principal Ship Design"by DGM Watson page 108
Chapter 4.5.4, Main Engine weight can be estimated with the following
formula :
Based on the book "Principal Ship Design"by DGM Watson page 110
Chapter 4.5.5, weight of remainder can be estimated with the following
formula :
Calculation above,is for ship having Cb = 0.70 to 0.8 H. But, this ship have a
Cb = 0,615, so that needed to do a correction .
For heavy outfit and accommodation according to Practical Ship Design,
page 99 chapter 4.4, it can be seen the value of Wo/L xB.For container
ships withLpp 112 m = 0,3
According the value of the number of equipment (E) Lyold appropriate as
written in the book "Practical Ship Design"by DGM Watson, referring to the
1877 RINA (Lecure Ship Design and Ship Theory, Poels Herald p. 69A) with
the following formula:
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 04
So the result of Machinery Weight is Wd+Wr,
Wm = Wd+Wr
d. Recidual Weight
Wres = 2% (Wst + Woa + Wd + Wr + Wmt)
LWT = Wst + Woa + Wd + Wr + Wmt + Wres
5.3 Dead Weight Tonnage
DWT = ∆ - LWT
5.4 Payload
Payload = DWT - Wtotal
where,
DWT = Dead Weight Tonnage
Wtotal =Weight of fuel oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil, crews and
provision, fresh water
i. HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil)
a. HFO's weight
The formula, as follows :
WHFO = SFOC x BHP x time to voyage x constants addition of fuel
Where,
WHFO = weight of heavy fuel oil
SFOC = specific fuel oil consumption (project guide)
BHP = break horse power of main engine (project guide)
constants addition of fuel = 1.3 - 1.5
Payload is the total weight of cargo that can be transported by ship to the
income (profit) of a ship. Here are steps in determining the payload.
According to Practical Ship Design on page 114, for the calculation of
reserves it is necessary to add weight. Weight by 2-3% due to avoid
mistakes in planning and things that might not been included in previous
calculations. So the formula of recidual weight is :
Now we know the value - the value of weight above in accordance with the
previous explanation, then we can calculate the value of LWT by summing the
weight calculation remains the ship:
According to the book "Ship Knowledge A Modern Encyclopedia" page 28,
Deadweight is the weight of that load cargo ship laden water up to a maximum
allowable. This can be formulated with the formula:
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 05
b. HFO's tank volume
The formula, as follows :
VHFO = ((100%+3%)*WHFO)/ ρHFO
Where,
VHFO = HFO's tanks volume
WHFO = weight of heavy fuel oil
Alocation of expansion = 3%
ρHFO = 0.991ton/m3
ii. DO (Diesel Oil)
a. DO's weight
estimation of diesel oil's weight is 10%-20% of hfo weight
for the result :
WDO = 20% x WHFO
b. DO's tanks volume
The formula, as follows :
VDO = ((100%+3%)*WDO)/ ρDO
Where,
VDO = DO's tanks volume
WDO = weight of heavy fuel oil
Alocation of expansion = 3%
ρDO = 0.85 ton/m3
iii. LO (Lubricating Oil)
a. LO's weight
The formula, as follows :
WLO = SLOC x BHP x time to voyage x constant addition of fuel
where,
SLOC = Specific Lubricating Oil Consumption = 0.95 g/BHPh
Constants of fuel = 1.3 - 1.5, take 1.4
We should consider about the increasing temperature inside the
tanks of HFO, so we add some alocation of expansion margins
approximately 2% - 3%.
We should consider about the increasing temperature inside the tanks
of DO, so we add some alocation of expansion margins approximately
2% - 3%.
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 06
b. LO's tanks volume
The formula, as follows :
= WLO / ρLO
where,
ρLO = 0.9 ton/m3
iv. Fresh Water
a. Consumption for crew
fresh water needs estimation = kg/persons/day
b. Bath and laundry needs
fresh water needs estimation = kg/persons/day
c. Cooking needs
fresh water needs estimation = kg/persons/day
d. Machinery needs
1. main engine
fresh water needs estimation = 7 gr/kWh
2. auxiliary engine
fresh water estimation = 0.2 from main engine's fresh water
Total fresh water machinery = fw ME + fw AE
Total Weight of Fresh Water
= consumption for crew + bath and laundy + cooking + machinery
Total Volume of Fresh Water
= divide the total weight of fresh water by its density.
v. Crew and Provision
a. crew's weight
total crews = 20 persons
average weight of crews = 70 kg
b. provision's weight
average provisions needs = 5 kg/person/day
Weight Total of Ship Supplies
W total = WHFO+WDO+WLO+Wfreshwater+Wcrews+Wprov
PAYLOAD = DWT - W supplies total
VLO
We should consider the increasing temperature inside the tanks of
LO,so we add some alocation of expansion margins approximately 2% -
3%.
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
20
200
4
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 07
6. Summary
NO
1
2
3
4
5
Weight Displacement ∆ 9637,17 ton
CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT
Displacement Volume ▼ 9402,12 m3
Payload 5538,85 ton
Light Weight Tonnage LWT 3953,68 ton
Dead Weight Tonnage DWT 5683,49 ton
Displasement, LWT dan DWT
Attachment 1Detail Calculation of Displasement, LWT
dan DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 08
1. Calculation Details
Principal Dimension
Container Ship
Lpp = meter h deck = meter
Lwl = meter Power Engine = kW
B = meter = HP
H = meter Sailing distance = n mile
T = meter Sailing time = Hours
Cb =
Vs = knots
= m/s
> Calculation of Ship's Displacement
Volume Displacement
▼ = Lwl x B x T x Cb
= m³
Weight Displacement
ρ = ton/m³
∆ = ∇ x ρ
= ton
Determination of the number of crew
Payload
Payload = DWT - WProvision
16,50
8,49
In determining the number of the crew should be as efficient as possible, as this
affects the size of the room and the limited amount of supplies of food and fresh
water. Factors that influence the type of ship, large ship, the number of jobs
served by the crew, sailing routes, sisitem existing automation on ships, and
regulations of the country concerned.In determining the number of crew that is
used is 20 people.
9402
112,00 2,50
120
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
So to be able to know the payload on the vessel which is designed we must
calculate the first (LWT), which brought supplies and Weight Lightweight
3900
5230
1487
The payload is the cargo on board and pay (making money). The formula can be
used to determine the payload is :
Because the ships operating at sea, then the value of rho(density) was used sea
water rho(density) :
1,025
9637,2
117,60
20,00
8,30
6,50
0,62
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 09
> Light weight (LWT)
~ Weight of ship's structural
where : K = Coefisien, depend on ship type
E = Equipment Numerical
L = Lpp
= m
H = m
Lfore = m (the length of forecastle)
Hfore = m (the height forecastle)
L MAIN DECK = m (the length of MAIN DECK )
H MAIN DECK = m (the height of MAIN DECK)
LDECK A = m (the length of DECK A )
H DECK A = m (the height of DECK A)
LDECK B = m (the length of DECK B)
H DECK B= m (the height of DECK B)
L DECK C = m (the length of DECK C)
H DECK C= m (the height of DECK C)
L DECK D = m (the length of DECK D)
H DECK D= m (the height of DECK D)
Lnav = m (the length of navigation)
Hnav = m (the height of navigation)
l1 x h1 = the length and height of full width erections
l2 x h2 = the length and height of houses
l1 x h1 = Lfore x Hfore
= 20 m2
8,0
2,5
7,0
2,5
3,0
According to the book "Practical Ship Design chapter 4/4.2.4"by DGM
Watson, to calculate the weight of the structure of the ship can use the
formula perndekatan as follows:
Wst = K x E1,36
According the value of the number of equipment (E) Lyold appropriate as
written in the book "Practical Ship Design"by DGM Watson, referring to the
1877 RINA (Lecure Ship Design and Ship Theory, Poels Herald p. 69A) with
the following formula:
E = L x (B + T) + 0,85L x (H - T) + 0,85 (l1 x h1) + 0,75 (l2 x h2)
112
8,3
8,0
2,5
8,0
2,5
8,0
2,5
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
7,85
2,5
29,5
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 10
l2 x h2 = (LDECK A x HDECK A)+(LDECK B x HDECK B)+(LDECK C x HDECK C)+
(LDECK D x HDECK D)+ (Lnav x hnav)+(L MAIN DECK x H MAIN DECK)
= m2
E = L x (B + T) + 0,85L x (H - T) + 0,85 (l1 x h1) + 0,75 (l2 x h2)
=
K = (for container ship)
Wst = k x E1.36
= Ton
correction of Cb = Cb + ( 1 - Cb x (0,8H - T) / 3T
=
Thus obtained the weight of steel :
Wst = Wst x [1 + 0,05 (Cb0,8H – 0,7)]
= Ton
~ Weight Outfit and accommodation (Woa)
Woa = the value of(Wo / L xB) x Lpp x B
= Ton
~ Propulsion machinery weight
186
Based on the book "Principal Ship Design"by DGM Watson page 108 Chapter
4.5.4, Main Engine weight can be estimated with the following formula :
For heavy outfit and accommodation according to Practical Ship Design,
page 99 chapter 4.4, it can be seen the value of Wo/L xB. For container ships
with Lpp 112 m= 0,3
672,00
0,036
2191
Calculation above,is for ship having Cb = 0.70 to 0.8 H. But, this ship have a
Cb = 0,615, so that needed to do a correction :
6,662
2844,4
3295,5
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 11
Wd = 12 (MCR/RPM)0,84
BHPMCR = kW
= ton rpm=
~ Calculation weight of remainder (Wr)
Wr = K x (MCR)^0.70
= ton
K = (for bulk carriers and general cargo ship)
~ Weight of generator set (Wmt)
Wmt = 0.72(MCR)^0.78 where is :
Wmt = 0.72(MCR)0.78
= ton
~ Calculation of Recidual weight
Wres = 2% (Wst + Woa + Wd + Wr + Wmt)
= ton
~ Calculation of LWT
LWT = Wst + Woa + Wd + Wr + Wmt + Wres
= ton
0,69
225,2
139,6
3900
210
Based on the book "Principal Ship Design"by DGM Watson page 110
Chapter 4.5.5 , weight of remainder can be estimated with the following
formula :
3953,7
MCR = Maximum
Continous Rating genset
Based on the book "Principal Ship Design"by DGM Watson page 111 Chapter
4.5.6 Generator weight can be estimated with the following formula :
However, because of the power generator to be installed is not known, it is
assumed that the generator will be installed is with the power of 120 kW of
3 sets. So the value can be calculated as follows wmt :
According to Practical Ship Design on page 114, for the calculation of
reserves it is necessary to add weight. Weight by 2-3% due to avoid mistakes
in planning and things that might not been included in previous calculations.
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
71,00
1,42
Now we know the value - the value of weight above in accordance with the
previous explanation, then we can calculate the value of LWT by summing
the weight calculation remains the ship:
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 12
> Dead weight (DWT)
DWT = ∆ - LWT
= ton
> Payload Calculation
Payload = DWT - Wconsumable
Where :
Wconsumable = WHFO + WMDO + WLO + WFW + WP + WCP
~ Calculation of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
Unknown: g/kWh
P = kW
Constanta addition of fuel oil = 1,3-1,5 taken =
WHFO = SFOC x P x (S/Vs) x constanta addition of fuel oil x 10-6
= ton
Calculation of Volume HFO Tank
VHFO = WHFO/ ρHFO ρHFO = 1 Ton/m3
= m3
VHFO = (1+4%) x WHFO)
= m3
~ Calculation of Marine Diesel Oil (DO)
Weight of Marine Diesel Oil (WMDO)
WMDO = 0.2 x WHFO
= ton
111,99
Diesel oil is usually used as fuel for generators and motor process of flushing
the mains when not operated in the long term. Heavy Diesel Oil which is
carried in shipping approximately 0.1 ~ 0.2 of weight carried HFO, in this
case tken 0,2
21,54
3900
108,66
According to the book "Ship Design and Construction section 5" page 65, in
the calculation of the volume of the fuel tank (HFO) will need to add a
margin of 2% ~ 4% to anticipate expansion of fuel because of increases in
temperature in the tank, so that the volume of HFO tanks required:
Payload is the total weight of cargo that can be transported by ship to the
income (profit) of a ship.Here are the steps in determining the payload weight.
According to the book "Ship Knowledge A Modern Encyclopedia" page 28,
Deadweight is the weight of that load cargo ship laden water up to a maximum
allowable. This can be formulated with the formula:
5683,5
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
SFOC = 177
1,3
107,7
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 13
Calculation of tank volume MDO
Selected :
type of DO = DM-A
ρ DO (at 15° C) = 1 ton/m3
VMDO = WMDO/ ρ MDO
= m3
V MDO = (1+4%)x VMDO
= m 3
~ Calculation Lubricating Oil (LO)
unknown :
System Oil Approximate kg/cyl.24hours Cylinder Oil
0,8-1,2 g/kWh
taken = g/kWh
WLO = P x SLOC x (S/Vs) x 10-6
= ton
Calculation of Volume LO Tank
Selected :
ρ LO = ton/m3
VLO = WLO / ρLO
= m3
need increase 4% for construction and expansion, so
loss volume = 1,04 x Vlo
= m3
~ Weight of Crew and Provision
Weight provision = Total crew x provision needed per day x Longest trip
Total crew = man
Weight per crew = kg
25,17
According to the book "Ship Design and Construction section 5" page 65, in
the calculation of the volume of the fuel tank (DO) should be added margin
of 2% ~ 4% to anticipate if fuel (DO) terekspansi because of increases in
temperature in the tank, so that the volume of tank DO required:
24,20
0,9
0,52
0,541
20
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
Based on data from "Project Guide Engine (MAN B & W L35MC) " on the
condition of maximum obtained the following data:
Lubricating Oil Consumption
2
0,8
0,5
70
Project : DESIGN IV
Doc. No : 01 - 42 08 071 - ES
Rev. No :
page. No : 14
Wcrew = ton
weight of total crew = total crew x the average weight of crew
where :
porvision need = 3.5 kg ~ 5 kg /man/day
porvision need = 5 kg/man/ day
Sea time = day
Wprov= ton
~ Freshwater needs
a. Eat and drink of crew
b. Washing and sanitary
c. Cook
d. Cooling Engine
In the design of planned:
Sea time = day
Loading and unloading = 2 day
Based on data used to determine the need is :
a. Eat and drink of crew (Wfwd)
Consumption = 10 kg/man/day
(estimation between 10 - 20 kg/man/day)
Total time = Sea time + loading unloading
= 7 day
∑ Water Needs = 1,4 ton
b. Shower and wash (WFS)
Consumption = 60 kg/man/day(estimation between 60 - 200 kg/man/day)
Total time = Sea time + loading unloading
= 7,0 day
∑ Water Needs = 8,4 ton
c. Cooking (Wfwc)
Consumption = 4 kg/man/day(estimation between 3 - 4 kg/man/day)
Totalize time = Sea time + loading unloading
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT
0,50
Supplies of fresh water on the ship in this case is calculated on the
maximum demand conditions, namely when the ship set sail and when the
ship was doing loading and unloading. The need for fresh water on board is
divided over the need:
5
1,4
5,00
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Rev. No :
page. No : 15
= 7,0 day
∑ Water Needs = 0,6 ton
d. Cooling engine
- Cooling main engine (Wfwj)
Taken (c) = 5 kg/kWh
(cooling requirement estimated between 5 - 7 kg/kWh)
Wfwj = P x c x (S/Vs) x 10-6
= ton
- Cooling auxiliary engine (Wfwae)
Taken (c) = kg/kWh
(cooling fresh water requirement estimated between 0,1 - 0,2 Wfwj)
Wfwae = Wfwj x c
= ton
Wfw = Wfwd + Wfws + Wfwc + Wfwj + Wfae
= ton
W total provision = WHFO + WMDO + WLO + Wcrew + Wprov + Wfw
= ton
Calculation of Payload
Payload = DWT - W total provision
= ton
Type of container carried = @18 ton (20')
Jumlah kontainer = Payload /container
= Container
So,total 20' container which can be carried is 308 TEUS
308
From the calculations above requirement can be further calculated the total
weight by using the following calculation:
144,64
After knowing the total weight of supplies and deadweight ship, the vessel
can be calculated the amount of payload:
5538,8
2,34
0,15
0,35
After knowing the weight of fresh water for each - each needs it, can know
the total requirement of fresh water during travel and handling that is equal
to:
13,05
Estimation of Displasement,
LWT dan DWT