Calabarzon Devt Plan 04-10

Region IV-A: CALABARZONDevelopment Plan

2004-2010

Philippine Copyright @ 2004National Economic and Development Authority

Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON)

Printed in Quezon City, PhilippinesISSN 0000-0000

MALACAÑAN PALACEManila

The basic task of the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan(MTPDP) for the period 2004-2010 is to fight poverty by building prosperity forthe greatest number of Filipinos. The MTPDP is the roadmap through whichwe shall achieve the 10-point legacy agenda to create jobs, promote livelihoodopportunities, strengthen the educational system, attain fiscal stability,decentralize development, intensify the delivery of public services and achievenational harmony.

As accompanying documents of the MTPDP, the Regional DevelopmentPlans (RDPs) spell out the respective regions’ contributions to the achievementof the 10-point agenda. The RDPs in line with the MTPDP, contain specificstrategies, programs and activities to promote regional productivity that wouldsustain overall economic growth.

I commend the Regional Development Councils (RDCs) for spearheadingthe formulation of the RDPs. But beyond the formulation of these Plans lies themore difficult task of securing their successful implementation. Given a clearvision for social and economic transformation, a synergy of efforts at the nationaland local levels is necessary for the fruits of development to be enjoyed inevery nook and corner of our archipelago.

Message

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GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

Our RDCs, particularly the LGUs, are in a better position to directlyserve the public while encouraging the private sector and stimulating thebusiness community into launching economic activities that bear broad economicand social returns. I ask our local executives through the RDCs to exerciseleadership in the fulfillment of our medium-term goals.

The unqualified support of every sector is indispensable. Our victoryover poverty rests in the effective implementation of this Medium-Term PhilippineDevelopment Plan in all of our regions. With a collective heave of political will,we shall move our country forward to a new era of economic progress andpolitical stability. It is our patriotic duty to bequeath this legacy to all Filipinos.

Thank you and God bless us all!

NATIONAL ECONOMIC ANDDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Pasig City

I commend the officers and members of the Regional DevelopmentCouncil (RDC) for the formulation of the Medium-Term Regional Develop-ment Plan, RDP 2004-2010. This RDP serves as accompanying document ofthe Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP 2004-2010) and itpresents the region’s contribution in achieving the 10-point legacy of this Ad-ministration.

This Plan embodies the RDC’s role as prime mover of region develop-ment. This is expected to promote economic growth and create even morejobs than what are currently being generated in the region, particularly frommicro, small and medium enterprises and agribusiness. More jobs will alsobe generated from housing and tourism development which are likewise ex-pected to prosper with vigorous marketing and implementation of infrastruc-ture support.

Strategic and critical infrastructure projects identified in the plan areexpected to stimulate trade and investments in the region by improving thedemand and supply linkages within and outside the region. The objectiveshould be to evolve compatible linkages of production and consumption withinand among regions. Linkages of this type will help the regions to grow fasteras their products will find larger markets, their capital will have wider opportu-nities, and they will have further diversified sources for their own supplies.

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Message

Wealth creation will flourish by the sustainable use of the region’s naturalresources through sound investments in mining, oil and gas exploration, andrenewable energy sources, especially in regions with still untapped poten-tials. Given the country’s fragile ecosystem, the overall development effortsof the region will be complemented by specific measures to restore its envi-ronment.

The basic needs of the people in the region will be ensured throughthe antipoverty measures that will enhance livelihood activities, provide assetreform, improve accessibility and affordability of essential services, protectthe vulnerable groups, and empower the poor.

In all of these efforts, the active participation of the local governmentunits and the private sector is deemed vital. LGU resources should be mobi-lized to complement or even surpass national government efforts toward growthand prosperity. On the other hand, the partnership of the local governmentwith the business community, responsive civil organizations and all major sec-tors in their localities is of critical importance to create new jobs and commu-nity wealth.

To this end, let us all work together by forging alliances and dynamicpartnership among all these major segments of society in order to ensure thesuccessful implementation of the RDP. The challenge is now with all of us.

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ROMULO L. NERISocioeconomic Planning Secretary

and NEDA Director-General

Foreword

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REGION IV-A DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Quezon City

With the fresh mandate in the national leadership and the accompanyingthrust and priorities embodied in the 10 Point Legacy of President GloriaMacapagal-Arroyo, the region’s foremost concern has been the formulation ofa blueprint to respond to the development agenda. On behalf of the RegionalDevelopment Council IV-A, it is a great opportunity for me to present to youthe Medium - Term Regional Development Plan for the CALABARZON Region.

The CALABARZON Region boasts of a dynamic role in the nationaleconomy as the provider of high level of investments, employment and exports.Inspite of these gains, it is also faced with challenges brought about by emergingglobal issues that impact on the region. The formulation of the Medium TermRegional Development Plan 2004 – 2010 is an important milestone in our region’sefforts to address local and global problems and promote economic and socialdevelopment.

Consistent with the country’s objectives of sustained economic growth,the Medium Term Regional Development Plan focuses on the need to instituteappropriate policies, strategies, programs and projects and mechanisms. Imbuedby these directions, the Plan translates the national thrusts and priorities intoregional perspectives and imperatives.

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RICHARD ALBERT I. OSMONDChairman, RDC IV-A

I call upon everybody to join us in ensuring the successful implementationof the Plan. I look forward to the active participation of the private sector tocomplement and augment the RDC’s efforts in the delivery of quality programsand services.

God bless!

Preface

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NEDA Regional Office IV-A(CALABARZON)

Quezon City

The country’s future is critically dependent on the economic, social andenvironmental well being of the regions. The past years confronted the regionwith many challenges such as rapid globalization and advances in technologyand in the Southern Tagalog Region homefront - its division into CALABARZONand the MIMAROPA Regions. Recently, some parts of the region have beenseverely devastated by typhoons requiring a more focused response to problemswhich emerged as a result of the disasters.

The formulation of the Medium - Term Regional Development Plan(MTRDP) came at a time when the region is at the crossroads of developmentchallenges. The Plan provides the policy framework and operating parametersin carrying out strategic interventions that address economic changes,population growth, transportation needs, environmental concerns andinstitutional reforms, among others. Consistent with the President GloriaMacapagal-Arroyo’s 10-Point Legacy, the Plan provides the roadmap whichwill shape the future of the region covering the period 2004 – 2010.

The Plan serves as a blueprint of cooperation among the stakeholdersand with the main actors and agents of development in the region. As the maincoordinating agency for the formulation of the MTRDP, the NEDA IV-A Officespearheads consultations and workshops to ensure that the Plan reflects theviews and sentiments of the concerned sectors. These activities generatedvaluable inputs in the formulation and refinement of the Plan and also servedas venues for building consensus and firming up commitments amongstakeholders.

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It is hoped that through the MTRDP CALABARZON would sustain itsoptimal role in the overall development of the national economy. I thereforewish to express my appreciation to all our partners in the region whoseparticipation embodies the institutional and individual commitments of allconcerned toward the realization of the vision of the Plan.

Kapit-Bisig Tayong Lahat Tungo sa Kaunlaran!

SEVERINO C. SANTOSOIC-Regional Director

Message .............................................................................................................. iiiMessage .............................................................................................................. vForeword .......................................................................................................... viiPreface ................................................................................................................ ixList of Acronyms ................................................................................................. xiList of Tables ...................................................................................................... xvList of Figures .................................................................................................... xix

Introduction

Part I Regional Development Framework

Vision ...................................................................................................... 5

Goals and Development Outcomes ......................................................... 5

Spatial Strategy ....................................................................................... 6

Part II Situational Analysis

A. Population ............................................................................................... 9

B. Macroeconomy ....................................................................................... 14C. Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators ............................ 17

D. Poverty Situation and Social Development Status ................................... 31

E. Infrastructure Development .................................................................... 47F. Management of the Environment ............................................................ 56

G. Physical Planning and Governance ......................................................... 63

Part III Strategic Outcomes and Actions

(Challenges, Objectives/Targets, Policies/Strategiesand Programs/Projects)

Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation throughAccelerated Economic Growth ........................................................... 73

• Agrarian Reform, Agriculture and Fishery Modernization

• Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises• Tourism

Table of Contents

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Outcome 2: Enhanced Social Development withDirect Poverty Reduction-Measures ................................................. 83

• Health and Nutrition

• Education and Training• Social Welfare

• Housing

• Culture, Arts and Youth

Outcome 3: Decentralized Development throughImproved Infrastructure ..................................................................... 90

• Transportation (Roads, Ports, Rail)• Telecommunications

• Power Generation, Transmission Network and Electrification

Outcome 4: Sustainable Management of the Environment ................................. 95

• Forest Ecosystem• Coastal and Marine Ecosystem

• Freshwater Ecosystem

• Minerals and Mines• Biodiversity

• Urban Ecosystem

Outcome 5: Improved Physical Planning andEffective Governance ......................................................................... 99

• Physical Planning

• E-Governance• Peace and Order

Part IV Advocacy for Plan Implementation ............................................... 103

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List of Acronyms

AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic

ARBs Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

ARCs Agrarian Reform Communities

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

BIMP-EAGA Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines-East

Asian Growth Area

CALA Cavite-Laguna

CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon

CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

CBR Crude Birth Rate

CCD Customer Complaint Desk

CCT Clean Coal Technologies

CDR Crude Death Rate

CHED Commission on Higher Education

CKN CALABARZON Knowledge Network

CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan

CMTS Cellular Mobile Telephone Service

CSO Civil Society Organizations

CSR Cohort Survival Rate

DBM Department of Budget and Management

DepEd Department of Education

DIGITEL Digital Telecommunications

DILG Department of Interior and Local Government

DPP Diesel Power Plant

DPWH Department of Public Highways

DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development

ECCD Early Childhood Care and Development

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

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EO Executive Order

ER Energy Regulation

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FMR Farm-to-Market Road

GASTPE Government Assistance to Private Education

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GGI Good Governance Index

GIS Geographic Information System

GMAC Gabay Sa Mamamayan Action Center

GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product

GVA Gross Value Added

HDI Human Development Index

HEIs Higher Education Institutions

HH Household

HU Housing Unit

HVCC High Value Commercial Crop

ICCS Indigenous Cultural Communities

ICPD International Convention on Population and Development

ICT Information and Communication Technology

IEs Industrial Estates

IEC Information, Education and Communication

IMR Infant Mortality Rate

IRA Internal Revenue Allotment

IT Information Technology

IRS International Reference Standard

KALAHI Kapit-Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan Program

KALAHI-CA Kapit-Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan in Conflict Area

KALAHI CIDSS Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services

LBP Land Bank of the Philippines

LGU Local Government Unit

LISR Luzon Island Strategic Road Development Network

LISTA Luzon Island Transmission Augmentation Program

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MC Memorandum Circular

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MFO Major Final Output

MIMAROPA Mindoro Oriental and Occidental, Marinduque, Romblon,

Palawan

MRT Manila Railway Transit

MSR Manila South Road

MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan

MTRDP Medium-Term Regional Development Plan

NCC National Computer Center

NCR National Capital Region

NDA No Data Available

NDHS National Demographic and Health Survey

NDS National Demographic Survey

NEAT National Elementary Achievement Test

NEDA National Economic and Development Authority

NGO Non-Government Organization

NGVPPT Natural Gas Vehicle Program for Public Transport

NHIP National Health Insurance Program

NISP National Internal Security Plan

NSAT National Secondary Achievement Test

NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board

NSO National Statistics Office

NTMs Non-Tariff Measures

NTSB National Training School for Boys

OD Origin-Destination

OPIF Organizational Performance Indicator Framework

OSS One-Stop-Shop

PCER Presidential Commission on Higher Education

PCFC People’s Credit and Finance Corporation

PEPT Philippine Education Placement Test

PEM Protein-Energy Malnutrition

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PGR Population Growth Rate

PLDT Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company

PNR Philippine National Railway

PPFP Provincial Physical Framework Plan

PTCA Parents, Teachers and Community Association

PT & T Philippine Telegraphic and Transfer Company

RD Research and Development

RDC Regional Development Council

RGC Regional Government Center

RKCG Regional Kalahi Convergence Group

RLA Regional Line Agency

ROW Right-of-Way

RPFP Regional Physical Framework Plan

RRTS Roll-on-Roll-Off Terminal System

SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone

S & T Science and Technology

SLEX South Luzon Expressway

SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises

SOC Survey of Children

SPUG Small Power Utilities Group

SRNH Strong Republic Nautical Highway

STAR Southern Tagalog Access Road

STISNET Southern Tagalog Information Sharing Network

TFR Total Fertility Rate

UCPB United Coconut Planters Bank

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

URGD Urban-Rural Growth Differential

WSP Work Simplification Procedure

YAFS Young Adult and Fertility Survey

ZOMAP Zone Management Plan

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List of Tables


Table 1-1 Medium-Term Macroeconomic Targets ...................................... 6


A. Population

Table 2-1 Total Population and Percentage ShareBy Selected Regions, 1970-2000 ............................................... 9

2-2 Total Population and Percentage Share by Province,CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... 10

2-3 Total Population and Percentage Share byMajor Catchment/Cluster Areas,CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... 10

2-4 Population Growth Rate,CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... 12

2-5 Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency RatioCALABARZON Region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 .......................... 13

2-6 Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural PopulationCALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... 13

2-7 Estimated Population Doubling Time ofCALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas ........................ 14

B. Macroeconomy

Table 2-8 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)Southern Tagalog Region, 1992-2002at Constant Prices (1985=100) .................................................. 15

2-9 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)Selected Regions, at Constant Prices (1985=100) ..................... 15

2-10 Average Share by Industry,Southern Tagalog Region, 1993-2002 ........................................ 16

C. Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators

Table 2-11 Labor Force and EmploymentCALABARZON Region, 1993-2002 ........................................... 17

2-12 Crop Production Performance inCALABARZON, 2000-2003 ........................................................ 21

2-13 Comparative Chicken and Egg Production,Selected Regions, 2003 (In Metric Tons) .................................... 22

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2-14 Production and Value of Livestock andPoultry Subsectors in CALABARZON, 2001-2003 ...................... 22

2-15 Hog Production / Inventory Performance inCALABARZON, 1990-2002 ........................................................ 23

2-16 Chicken Production / Inventory Performance inCALABARZON, 1990-2002 ........................................................ 23

2-17 Status of Land Conversion inCALABARZON, 1984-1999 ........................................................ 27

2-18 Status of Agricultural Land Distribution inCALABARZON, 1987-2004 ........................................................ 27

2-19 Land Acquisition and Distribution TargetBy Year (In Hectares),CALABARZON Region, 2004-2010 ............................................ 28

2-20 Agrarian Reform Communities Launched inCALABARZON, 2004 ................................................................. 28

2-21 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel MovementsBy Region (In Thousands) ........................................................... 30

2-22 Distribution of Travelers inCALABARZON (In Thousands) .................................................... 30

D. Poverty Situation and Social Development Status

Table 2-23 Poverty Incidence by ProvinceCALABARZON Region, 1991-2000 ............................................ 31

2-24 Human Development Index (HDI)CALABARZON Region, 1997-2000 ............................................ 32

2-25 Infant Deaths, CALABARZON Region, 1998-2002 ..................... 332-26 Moderate and Severe Malnourished Pre-Schoolers

CALABARZON Region, CY 2001 and 2002 ............................... 342-27 Elementary Participation Rate, CALABAROZN Region,

SY 1997-1998 to SY 2001-2002 ................................................. 352-28 Secondary Participation Rate, By Division,

CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 toSY 2001-2002 (In Period) ........................................................... 36

2-29 Elementary Cohort Survival, By Division,CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 toSY 2001-2002 (In Period) ........................................................... 36

2-30 Secondary Cohort Survival Rate, By DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 toSY 2001-2002 (In Percent) ......................................................... 37

2-31 Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary LevelCALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002 ................ 37

2-32 Elementary Class-Classroom Ratio By DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000 ................ 38

2-33 Secondary Class-Classroom Ratio By Division,CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000 ................ 38

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2-34 Number of Barangays without Public ElementarySchools (ES) and Municipalities without PublicHigh Schools (HS), CALABARZON Region, SY 2004 ................ 39

2-35 Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers inPublic Elementary Schools,CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 ............................................ 40

2-36 Nationally and Locally Funded TeachersIn Public Secondary Schools,CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 ............................................ 40

2-37 Primary Teacher-Pupil Ratio By DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995to 2000-20001 (In Percent) ........................................................ 41

2-38 Secondary Teacher-Pupil Ratio By DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995to 2000-20001 (In Percent) ........................................................ 41

2-39 Abused Children Provided with Services,CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... 42

2-40 Youth Offenders Provided with Services,CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... 43

2-41 Abused Women Provided with Services,CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... 43

2-42 Number of Persons with Disabilities andSenior Citizens Provided with Services,CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... 43

2-43 Households to Occupied Housing Units,CALABARZON Region, 1960-2000 ........................................... 45

2-44 Household Population of Occupied Housing UnitsBy Type of Building and City/Municipality,1990 - 2000 .......................................................................... 45

2-45 Household in Occupied Housing UnitsBy Tenure Status of the Housing Unit(Figures are estimates based on a 10% sample)CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 ........................................ 47

E. Infrastructure Development

Table 2-46 Estimated ADDT (<10,000) Traffic Level, 1999 .......................... 492-47 Road Densities and Paved Ratio by Province

CALABARZON Region, 2000 .................................................... 502-48 Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification

and Status,CALABARZON Region, 1999 .................................. 512-49 Inventory of Airports as of June 30, 2000 ................................... 522-50 Installed Telephone Lines vs. Subscribed

Telephone Lines, 1999 and 2002 ............................................... 532-51 Existing Transmission Lines by Province, December 2002,

CALABARZON Area (In Thousands) ........................................... 552-52 Percentage Households who are using Electricity for

Lighting and Percentage of Households who are usingElectricity, Kerosene & LPG for Cooking .................................... 55

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F. Sustainable Management of the Environment

Table 2-53 Issues and Concerns in Selected Protected Areasin CALABARZON ..................................................................... 57

2-54 Land Area by Province and Major Land ClassificationCALABARZON Area (In Hectares) ............................................ 58

2-55 Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinkingand/or Cooking, CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000(Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... 59

2-56 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage DisposalCALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000(Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... 60

2-57 Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being UsedCALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000(Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... 61

2-58 Erosion by Province (In Hectares) .............................................. 62

G. Physical Planning and Governance

Table 2-59 Good Governance Index (CGI) YR 2002 .................................... 652-60 Report on the Financial Performance of 78 Provinces

FY 2003 (All Funds in Thousand Pesos) .................................... 672-61 Web Presence Status Summary by Region

(As of May 31, 2003) .................................................................. 682-62 LGUs with No Computer System ................................................ 692-63 Top 10 Cities with Most and Least Number of Computers,

Philippines, 2002 ........................................................................ 692-64 Top 10 Municipalities in Terms of Computer Units ...................... 702-65 Top 10 Provinces with Most and Least Number of Computers,

Philippines, 2002 ........................................................................ 70


Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation through Accelerated Economic Growth

Table 3-1 Number of Jobs to be Created (‘000),CALABARZON Region, 2004-2005 ........................................... 78

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List of Figures


Figure 1-1 Spatial Strategy, CALABARZON Region ...................................... 7


A. Population

Figure 2-1 Cathcment Areas, CALABARZON Region .....................................112-2 Age-Sex Population Pyramid,

CALABARZON, 2000 ................................................................. 12

C. Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators

Figure 2-3 Percentage of Employed Persons by IndustryAnd Urban-Rural, CALABARZON, 1994-2002 ............................ 18

2-4 Value of Agricultural Production inCALABARZON, 2002 ................................................................. 20

2-5 Total Crop in CALABARZON (in MT), 2003 ................................ 202-6 Comparative Hog Production (in MT), 2003 ................................ 222-7 Comparative Fishery Production (in MT), 2001-2003 ................. 242-8 Distribution of Fishery Production

By Province (in MT), 2000-2003 ................................................. 252-9 Growth Performance of Fishery Sector in

CALABARZON, 1994-2003 ........................................................ 252-10 Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production

by Province (in MT), 2000-2003 .................................................. 26

E. Infrastructure Development

Figure 2-11 Existing National Road Network, CALABARZON Region ............ 482-12 Growth of Registered Vehicles,

CALABARZON Region, 1995-2002 ............................................. 492-13 Teledensity by Province, 2002 .................................................... 532-14 Telephone Main Line Density, CALABARZON, 1999-2002 .......... 54

G. Physical Planning and Governance

Figure 2-15 Income Classification by City/Municipality, 2001 ......................... 66

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Outcome 3: Decentralized Development through Improved Infrastructure

Figure 3-1 Proposed and Pipeline Transport Projects ............................... 92

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Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

1

This section gives a brief introduction ofthe policy environment (international, national,regional) which has been considered in the for-mulation of the CALABARZON Medium-TermDevelopment Plan, 2004-2010. This ‘environ-ment’ as reflected in the various sections of thisplan has had impact on the framework, prin-ciples, strategies and targets formulated for thelong and medium-term periods. But it is empha-sized that the Regional Development Plan tookoff from a comprehensive analysis of past andpresent situations of the region, identification ofkey issues and concerns and formulation of stra-tegic interventions, i.e., those interventions thatwould yield greatest impact for regional devel-opment. The strategic interventions include thepriorities set under the 10-Point Legacy Pro-gram of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

opment, Beijing Platform on Women, amongothers. The MDG is an initiative of the UN. Thethe Philippines, as one of its member nations, iscommitted to implement the MDG which aimsto reduce poverty and all forms of human depri-vation. Eight MDGs have been set to be ac-complished by 2015, among which are eradica-tion of extreme poverty and hunger, reductionof child mortality and improvement of maternalhealth. The regional plan should be able to sup-port the attainment of these goals, particularlyin the area of poverty eradication.

Agenda 21 or Sustainable Develop-ment. This is another of the country’s interna-tional commitments. The ‘battlecry’ of sustain-able development is “meeting the needs of thepresent generation without compromising theneeds of the future generations.” The agree-ment among nations supporting the frameworkis to meet the basic needs of the population,reduce use of nonrenewable resources, pro-duce fewer wastes with minimum pollution, pre-serve bio-diversity and protect and managenatural and physical assets. The pursuit of de-velopment in CALABARZON should thereforebe along sustainability, i.e., development ini-tiatives should take place in harmony with theenvironment. But an important component ofthis is a strong advocacy for localization ormainstreaming sustainable development intothe local or ground level considering that it isat this local level where effects of interventionare felt.

Trade Liberalization. All countries in theworld who embraced trade liberalization areexpected to adapt to the externalities of this neweconomic order. As barriers to trade and invest-

Guideposts to Medium-Term Development Planningfor CALABARZON

Global Context: PhilippineCommitments as a Member of theCommunity of Nations

Planning in the global context applies notonly on how the region would be able to partici-pate and benefit from the new economic orderthat is globalization of markets and activities,but, it involves how the plan would be able torespond or contribute to major international com-mitments such as:

Millennium Development Goals (MDG).One of the most comprehensive approaches toimproving the quality of life of the citizenry isembodied in the MDG which integrates otherinternational conventions such as the Interna-tional Convention on Population and Develop-ment (ICPD), World Summit on Social Devel-

Introduction

2

ments are dismantled, each country should beready to meet the competition arising from theenhanced flow of people, goods and services(and information) in and out of the country. Apolicy framework is now being deliberated onthe possibility of making Association of SoutheEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) a common mar-ket, just like Europe, in the next two decades.Some countries in this ASEAN region are alreadyhaving a headstart by entering into bilateral tradeagreements with other countries in Asia, Europeand America. Even if policies are set at the na-tional level, all regions including CALABARZONshould be ready for a free trade regime by con-sidering this eventuality in the task of regionalplanning and development.

eas benefit from forward planning for more op-timal use of resources, effective urban manage-ment, better infrastructure facilities and socialservice amenities. Therefore, it is expected thaturbanization will occur in harmony with the en-vironment so that the region’s diverse ecosys-tems will be protected - from the region’s moun-tain tops down to the deeps of its living lakesand surrounding bodies of water.

CALABARZON is one of the country’smajor economic hubs and a global industrialregion. As described in the National Frameworkfor Regional Development, CALABARZON to-gether with the National Capital Region (NCR)and the industrial parts of Central Luzon, formpart of the Metropolitan Manila Growth Networkwhich is the country’s biggest aggrupation ofurban areas performing various roles such asmain industrial core, financial and commercialcenter, seat of national government, and tran-shipment points for goods and services for do-mestic and international distribution.CALABARZON holds the key to the possibleexpansion of NCR towards the eastern seaboard(Pasific side of Luzon) even if the region’s maincatchment areas have the capacity to absorbintensive economic activities and people.

The clusters of cities and highly urban-izing municipalities within the periphery of NCRparticularly in Laguna and Cavite are emergingmetropolitan areas. But unlike NCR, those ar-

National Context (Long-Term): NationalFramework for Regional Development

National Context (Medium-Term):10-Point Agenda for NationalDevelopment

It can only be thus expected, that in thenewly - formulated Medium-Term Philippine De-velopment Plan (MTPDP), 2004 – 2010,CALABARZON will have important roles to play,albeit these may not be explicitly stated always,in the various policies, strategies and programsspelled out in the MTPDP. For example, theregion will have to contribute actively in thewealth creation thrusts and growth strategy forthe country to be able to help address povertynationwide. This only means that CALABARZONhas to deliver in helping attain the 10 – pointlegacy of the Arroyo administration. Among thenational development agenda’s basic tasks andfighting targets for the period 2004-2010 are:

Introduction

Creation of 10 million jobs by way of support-ing three million enterpreneurs, giving themloans and helping them become good man-agers, thereby establishing a deep founda-tion for a broad middle class; developing twomillion hectares of agribusiness land, makingthem productive and their products trans-ported to the markets efficiently. (By now, theregion is estimated to have dislodged NCRas the region with the biggest population totalin the country. Simply, in proportionate terms,CALABARZON should have the biggest con-tribution in the number of jobs to be created.


3

However, the expectations should be higher,considering that almost half of the total num-ber of industrial estates in operation all overthe country are located in the region whichalso contributes almost 50 percent to the na-tional total in exports and investments. Asidefrom this, the region has a robust Micro, Smalland Medium Enterprises [MSME] and one ofthe more diversified agriculture).

In the area of education, ensuring that every-one of school age is in school, in an uncrowdedclassroom, in surroundings conducive to learn-ing; 6,000 classrooms a year shall have beenbuilt and a computer put in every school. (Thechallenge here lies in the fact that the region isan in-migration area for people looking for work,host to housing development sites, a locationarea for resettlements of poor communities par-ticularly those coming from NCR. Because ofthis, monitoring where the groups are is rela-tively easy. However, the magnitude of the gapsbeing experienced in the some areas rendersprovision of services a big challenge.)

Decentralized development promotion via anetwork of modern transport and digital infra-structure to link the entire country. Such infra-structure will facilitate flow of goods and ser-vices between and among regions of the coun-try. (CALABARZON is a vital component ofthe strong republic nautical highway particu-larly the improvement of the South Luzon Ex-press Way [SLEX], its extension all the wayto Batangas Port and completion of theBatangas Port which serves as the region’smain gateway to other Philippine islands andto international destinations . In going to thesouthern islands through Bicol Region, im-provement of various land transport routesand modes passing through to Lucena Cityshould be improved including bottlenecks usu-ally being experienced in most urban centersalong such routes.)

Bring down poverty incidence from 34 percentto 17 percent (For its part, CALABARZON willendeavor to reduce regional poverty to a singledigit level. Efforts to promote economic growthwill be complemented by direct poverty reduc-tion initiatives especially in identified poor com-munities in the region, about 10 percent of thetotal barangays of the region.) Increase growthto a sustainable 7 percent or more up to 2010;Increase investment rate from 19 percent ofGDP to 28 percent of GDP in two years. In-crease exports from $ 38billion to $ 50billionin two years. (In the area of investments andexports, national and local partnership will beencouraged to be able to promote the regionlocally and abroad as a preferred investmentdestination and quality source of exports.)

Balancing the budget (While policies and pro-grams will be initiated at the national level forbetter fiscal management, work at the regionaland local levels will involve improving themechanism and approaches for better collec-tion of taxes and efficient use of public funds.)The coordinative role of the Regional Devel-opment Council (RDC) may be used to helppromote this at the regional level. However,as their locus of effort is at the local level wherea significant amount of resources is being gen-erated as well as spent.

Antipoverty measures (In CALABARZON,poverty is prevalent in both the urban andrural areas: in the communities near MetroManila, and among families residing in theuplands and marginal fishing areas. Intensi-fied and alternative sources of livelihood willbe introduced for these families together withprovision of basic social service in health, nu-trition, water supply, rural electrification,among others. It is also in the poorest ruralcommunities where government presencehas to be strenghtened to counter the growthof insurgency in those areas).

4

The RPFP provides the overarchingframework for regional development and guidespublic and private investment decisions relatingto land use. It is a long-term guide for the region’ssettlements development, production land use,protection land use and infrastructure develop-ment.

Settlements development involves the lo-cation, scope and direction of urban growth inthe region. As vital part of the Luzon industrialcore, the region prepares itself for the projectedincrease in population and other production ac-tivities requiring new urban land by designatingseveral clusters of highly urbanized and con-tiguous municipalities as catchment areas forurban growth.

Production land use provides the spatiallocation and policies on sustainable manage-ment and utilization of production areas suchas croplands, fishing areas, forestland, miningareas and industrial and tourism areas. As pro-vider of food, raw or processed materials for in-dustrial activities, the region’s production areasshall capitalize on its proximity to NCR,MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblonand Palawan) and Bicol regional markets.

Protection land use highlights the needfor the conservation, rehabilitation and sustain-able development of the region’s natural and en-vironment resources. It also delineates environ-mentally-constrained areas to safeguard thepopulace from environmental hazards.

Infrastructure development indicates the

location and magnitude of infrastructure facili-ties essential to the improvement of access andmobility of people, goods and services withinthe CALABARZON, to adjoining regions, andthe rest of the country.

The CALABARZON MTRDP comprisethree main parts: Part I talks about the Frame-work. It begins by stating the long-term devel-opment vision of the region over the next threedecades as formulated in the existing RegionalPhysical Framework Plan (RPFP). It also enu-merates the goals and development outcomes.The Regional Development Framework (RDF)likewise describes the preferred spatial strategyfor CALABARZON, identifying in the process twomain area development clusters and the corre-sponding operational strategies to promotegrowth and development of these clusters.

Part II is a comprehensive analysis ofseven major development concerns, namelypopulation, macroeconomy, job creation througheconomic growth, social development and pov-erty, infrastructure and logistics support, sustain-able management of the environment and physi-cal planning and governance.

Part III of the Plan has to do with thestrategic outcomes and actions elaboratedthrough the discussion and identification of chal-lenges, objectives/ targets, policies/ strategies,programs and projects. One of the main con-cerns of this part is to operationalize the MTPDP.

Finally, Part IV deals briefly with the spe-cific advocacy and implementation strategies ofthe plan.

Introduction

Long - Term Development Concerns inCALABARZON: Regional PhysicalFramework Plan (RPFP)

Contents of the CALABARZON Medium –Term Regional Development Plan


5

Vision

The MTRDP is anchored on the long-term vision of the region as spelled-out in the RPFP,to wit:

Part IRegional Development Framework

Goals and Development Outcomes

Toward this end, the MTRPD shall workfor the achievement of the following goals:

1. Accelerate economic growth;2. Decrease unemployment;3. Reduce poverty incidence;4. Improve environmental quality; and5. Ensure equitable distribution of wealth.

The quantifiable targets for the medium-term as follows:

In pursuit of the above vision and goals,the plan shall ensure that the following regionaldevelopment outcomes are achieved within theplan period:

1. Increased job creation through economicgrowth (See Table 1-1)

2. Enhanced social development with di-rect poverty-reduction measures

3. Decentralized development through im-proved infrastructure

4. Sustainable management of the environ-ment

5. Improved physical planning and effec-tive governance

These outcomes (quantifiable targetsare found in the next chapter) shall be achievedthrough the implementation of an effective spa-tial and sectoral strategies and implementationof relevant programs and projects by the regionalagencies (RLAs), local government units (LGUs)and the private sector. An annual assessmentof agency programs/projects will be conductedto ensure that major final outputs (MFOs) of

“By the year 2030, CALABARZON would be a global economic hub, with minimum poverty,amidst a clean and balanced urban-rural environment and ecosystem. It would be a model, livableindustrial region characterized by a highly urbanized and well-planned town clusters ideal for sus-tainable living. It would have a vibrant countryside that offers an outstanding alternative place to live,work and seek recreation.

CALABARZON is served by a modern intermodal transportation and digital infrastructureproviding the platforms for physical and economic integration within the region, to the rest of thecountry and with the global community. This is complemented by high-quality social service ameni-ties accessible to all.

The region has a citizenry whose creativity, competitive spirit, concern for the environ-ment and fellowmen, and love of country are inspired by a government that leads by example,affinity to the region’s heroes, and unwavering faith in God.”

6

RLAs are attuned with the achievement of thedevelopment outcomes.

vices, levels andscales competitiveand comparable withthose found in themetropolis. Its in-tended markets areNCR, MIMAROPAand the Bicol Region.The cluster shall bearthe concentration ofurbanization, manu-facturing and pro-cessing activities

which shall serve as the nucleus of the regionaleconomy. The strategy recognizes urban devel-opment as a major factor of economic growth.On the other hand, production and protectionareas generally comprise the non-urban growthcluster area of the region. It shall serve as thefood basket and major raw material source ofthe region. The spatial strategy however, shallprovide better interaction between the urban andnon-urban growth clusters and promote the mostefficient land uses (Figure 1-1).

Urban Growth Cluster Development

Eight clusters of highly urbanized mu-nicipalities and cities comprise the urban growthcluster. The nature and scope of growth of thearea shall be defined by its dominant resourcepotentials as well as the physical and environ-mental constraints. The cluster shall be the hubof economic life in the region in terms of indus-trial, commercial, financial activities and serviceswith minimal although intensive interventions inagriculture. The area is characterized by effi-cient use of existing land supply, compatiblemixed land uses, higher density development,urban renewal, complete with transport and com-munication linkages. Parks, open spaces, ur-ban forest, buffer zones are maintained and pre-served. Lakes and rivers are properly managed.

This strategy directs the expansion of theurban population projected to increase by 16 mil-

Regional Development Framework

Spatial Strategy

The spatial strategy of CALABARZONsupports the region’s vision of a livable indus-trial area. It shall help guide the region’s plannedeconomic activities, settlements development,utilization and protection of resources and in-frastructure development. The strategy takesinto consideration the fact that the region is partof Luzon’s industrial core comprising The Na-tional Capital Region, and the industrial areasof Central Luzon and CALABARZON. It alsoconsiders the region’s interaction withMIMAROPA and Bicol Region particularly astheir gateway to Metro Manila.

The spatial strategy of CALABARZONdivides the region into two broad areas of de-velopment based on their respective physicaland socio-economic characteristics. At the coreof the region are several clusters of highly ur-banized and contiguous municipalities and cit-ies called the urban growth cluster. These clus-ters which are collectively termed as catchmentarea can provide alternative trading/commercial,housing, recreation, education and health ser-

2/ Projection. The susbsistence incidence in 2000 was estimated at 8.1 %

1/ Projection. The poverty incidence for the region in 2000 was 16.05 %

2.004.106.12/* Subsistence Incidence (Families)

9.0511.0513.051/* Poverty Incidence (Families)Poverty (%)

9.010.010.410.211.512.213.013.2Unemployment Rate (%)

7.06.86.36.05.65.25.14.5* Services8.98.37.66.56.45.64.84.3* Industry

1.91.91.91.81.61.51.51.4* Agriculture7.06.66.15.55.24.74.33.8Gross Regional Domestic Product (%)

2010200920082007200620052004(2003)Plan TargetsActual

Indicators

2/ Projection. The susbsistence incidence in 2000 was estimated at 8.1 %

1/ Projection. The poverty incidence for the region in 2000 was 16.05 %

2.004.106.12/* Subsistence Incidence (Families)

9.0511.0513.051/* Poverty Incidence (Families)Poverty (%)

9.010.010.410.211.512.213.013.2Unemployment Rate (%)

7.06.86.36.05.65.25.14.5* Services8.98.37.66.56.45.64.84.3* Industry

1.91.91.91.81.61.51.51.4* Agriculture7.06.66.15.55.24.74.33.8Gross Regional Domestic Product (%)

2010200920082007200620052004(2003)Plan TargetsActual

Indicators

Table 1-1 Medium-Term Macroeconomic Targets


7

lion in 2030 requiring about 4,000 square kilome-ters (or almost one-fourth of the total land area ofthe region) of new urban land in the designatedurban growth cluster. While population movementfrom 1980 to 2000 shows that at the provinciallevel people are moving out of the urban areas toits peripheries toward the direction of Metro Ma-nila, the strategy calls for the population move-ment toward the direction of Quezon and Batangasprovinces which have potential urban expansionareas. This aims to limit urban sprawl to the agri-cultural production areas and protected areas out-side the urban growth cluster.

The operational strategies to promoteurban growth development cluster involve:

1. Updating of municipal/city land useplans, determine the best use of pock-ets of agricultural land in the area, iden-tify land for urban expansion to reduceland speculation and decelerate prema-ture land conversion, delineate environmentally critical areas and guide loca-

tion and intensity of urban developmentthrough strategic infrastructure

2. Review of existing land conversionguidelines as it applies to highly urban-izing areas and their role in national de-velopment

3. Managing land development throughstrict and consistent enforcement of landuse regulations, fiscal-market incentivesand disincentives

4. Appropriate management of urban en-vironment through greater participationof local government to mitigate pollutionand other environmental concerns

5. Enhancement of services to supportpopulation growth and higher den-sity development

6. Encouragement of investment in non-pollutive industries that utilizes raw orsemi-processed/processed materials

Figure 1-1

8

produced in the non-urban growthcluster

7. Optimum utilization of various industrialestates while limiting to light, non-pollu-tive industrial activities in areas adjacentto highly productive cropland and fish-ing grounds

8. Increased access within the urbangrowth cluster through upgrading andefficient use of existing infrastructure(transportation and communication) im-proving access to unutilized and poten-tial urban expansion areas

9. Improved linkage to areas outside theurban growth cluster through improve-ment of access to international airportand ports, extension of railway systemto the region and upgrading of the maintransportation backbone that links Luzonwith Visayas and Mindanao (the ManilaSouth Road-Maharlika Highway and theStrong Republic Nautical Highway)

Non-Urban Growth Cluster Development

The non-urban growth cluster consistsof the pockets of urban communities amid agri-cultural production areas, nature-tourism sites,watershed and other protected areas. Its pri-mary role is to provide food, raw or processedmaterials for the thriving industrial activities inthe urban growth cluster. Fresh air, water andnature landscape for rest and recreation shallalso be provided by the area.

The region’s production area shall capi-talize on the area’s proximity to internal regional,Metro Manila, MIMAROPA and Bicol regionmarkets. Agri-modernization shall be pursuedwith the promotion of commercial production ofcrops and livestock using modern farm produc-tion technology. Agri-tourism and ecotourism

shall be promoted as a strategy to preserve thenatural and built environment.

Urban areas in the non-urban growthcluster may be allowed limited growth based onits role in the development of the area. Its de-velopment potentials shall be assessed such asproximity to market and production areas andlevel of existing infrastructure and utilities.

The operational strategies include thefollowing:

1. Deliberate development of productionland through expansion of agriculturalproduction in underutilized pasture land,grassland and other areas suitable foragriculture

2. Provision of access to facilities that en-hances productivity such as power, irri-gation, postharvest facilities

3. Provision of access to markets, agricul-tural inputs within and outside the regionthrough roads, other transport nodes andfacilities, telecommunication facilities

4. Improvement of tourism infrastructureand services, protection and preserva-tion of ecotourism sites

5. Prohibition of economic activities notcompatible with forest protection andconservation

6. Improvement of Comprehensive LandUse Plan (CLUP) by delineating hazardprone areas, protected areas, miningareas and buffer zones

7. Regulation and strict implementation ofland use plans and resource manage-ment plans through land use monitoringand control system

Regional Development Framework


9

A. POPULATION All five provinces of the region, namely:Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezonare among the 21 provinces out of the 78 prov-inces nationwide having a population of morethan one million. It was notable that the prov-inces with the biggest land area, i.e., Quezonand Batangas used to have the biggest popula-tion among the CALABARZON’s provinces butin 2000, the provinces adjacent to NCR had thebiggest (Table 2-2). Cavite had the highest per-centage share at 22.1 percent while Quezon hadthe lowest share at 18 percent.

2. Population of Catchment Areas

Table 2-3 shows that CALABARZON’spopulation is not spread evenly across its 11 cit-ies and 131 municipalities. Majority or 65.2 ofthe population live in 34 municipalities and 11cities termed as catchment areas. On the otherhand, 34.8 percent of the population reside inother 97 municipalities/cities (Figure 2-1). Thepercentage share of the catchment areas hasincreased steadily from 1970 to 2000. This im-plies that the concentration of the population hadincreased rapidly in these catchment areas. Ofthe eight major catchment areas, the NorthernRegional cluster (Rodriguez, San Mateo, Cainta,Taytay, Antipolo) has the higher population con-centration.

The proximity of the region to NCR un-doubtedly is a major factor that indirectly definesthe socioeconomic conditions of the region. Therapid urbanization and industrialization of the re-gion is largely attributed to population transfersfrom NCR or from other provinces who would liketo be near NCR. Given this situation, populationanalysis has become an indispensable undertak-ing in planning activities of the region.

1. Trends in Population Size

CALABARZON is the fifth smallest re-gion in terms of land area but as of the 2000census, its population ranked second only toNCR. In the year 2000, the region sheltered 9.3million people, an increase of 5.9 million since1970. During the past three decades the popu-lation increase has consistently surpassed pro-jections made during the period. From 1970 to2000, the total population of the region almosttripled, with incremental population increasingevery decade. The period 1990-2000 recordedthe highest increase of almost three million fromthe 1.2 million population increase recorded inthe period 1970-1980 (Table 2-1). Migration is amajor factor in this high population increase.

Part IISituational Analysis

12.1810.469.579.159,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON12.9813.0912.3210.819,932,6507,948,3925,925,8843,966,695NCR

10.7310.4410.2110.078,204,7426,338,5904,909,9383,695,955Central Luzon

100100100100 76,498,73560,703,20648,098,46036,684,486Philippines

20001990198019702000199019801970% SHARETOTAL POPULATION

Areas

12.1810.469.579.159,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON12.9813.0912.3210.819,932,6507,948,3925,925,8843,966,695NCR

10.7310.4410.2110.078,204,7426,338,5904,909,9383,695,955Central Luzon

100100100100 76,498,73560,703,20648,098,46036,684,486Philippines


Areas

Table 2-1 Total Population and Percentage Share By Selected Regions, 1970-2000

Source: NSO

10

3. Population Growth Rate and Density

Compared with regions with big popula-tions, such as NCR, Central Luzon, WesternVisayas and Southern Mindanao,CALABARZON has the highest populationgrowth rate between 1990 to 2000. Table 2-4

shows that CALABARZON was the only regionwhich manifested a steady increase in popula-tion growth.

Majority of the eight major catchmentareas in Cavite, Rizal and Laguna provinceshave the highest population growth rates topped

Situational Analysis

4. Metro Tagaytay: Tagaytay City –Silang

3. Northern Cavite Cluster: Bacoor-Imus-Dasmarinas-Carmona-GMA-Kawit-Noveleta-Cavite City

2. Western Laguna Cluster: Sn Pedro-Binan-Sta. Rosa City-Cabuyao-CalambaCity-Los Banos-Bay

1. Northern Rizal Cluster: Rodriguez-San Mateo-Cainta-Taytay- Antipolo City

N.B. The following comprise the clusters or catchment areas:

8. Metro Lipa: Sto. Tomas-Malvar-Tanauan City-Lipa City

7. Metro Batangas: Batangas City-Bauan-San Pascual-San Jose- Mabini

6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena : San Pablo City (Laguna) –Tiaong_Candelaria-Pagbilao-Lucena City -Sariaya-Tayabas

5. Central Cavite Cluster: Rosario-Gen.Trias-Tanza-Trece Martires City

4. Metro Tagaytay: Tagaytay City –Silang

3. Northern Cavite Cluster: Bacoor-Imus-Dasmarinas-Carmona-GMA-Kawit-Noveleta-Cavite City

2. Western Laguna Cluster: Sn Pedro-Binan-Sta. Rosa City-Cabuyao-CalambaCity-Los Banos-Bay

1. Northern Rizal Cluster: Rodriguez-San Mateo-Cainta-Taytay- Antipolo City

N.B. The following comprise the clusters or catchment areas:

8. Metro Lipa: Sto. Tomas-Malvar-Tanauan City-Lipa City

7. Metro Batangas: Batangas City-Bauan-San Pascual-San Jose- Mabini

6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena : San Pablo City (Laguna) –Tiaong_Candelaria-Pagbilao-Lucena City -Sariaya-Tayabas

5. Central Cavite Cluster: Rosario-Gen.Trias-Tanza-Trece Martires City

100 100 100 1009,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON18.32 15.39 12.07 9.151,707,218 977,448 555,533 307,2385. Rizal18.01 21.62 24.53 26.901,679,030 1,372,455 1,129,277 902,8654. Quezon21.09 21.58 21.14 20.851,965,872 1,370,232 973,104 699,7363. Laguna22.14 18.15 16.76 15.502,063,161 1,152,534 771,320 520,1802. Cavite20.44 23.26 25.51 27.601,905,348 1,476,783 1,174,201 926,3081. Batangas


Province

100 100 100 1009,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON18.32 15.39 12.07 9.151,707,218 977,448 555,533 307,2385. Rizal18.01 21.62 24.53 26.901,679,030 1,372,455 1,129,277 902,8654. Quezon21.09 21.58 21.14 20.851,965,872 1,370,232 973,104 699,7363. Laguna22.14 18.15 16.76 15.502,063,161 1,152,534 771,320 520,1802. Cavite20.44 23.26 25.51 27.601,905,348 1,476,783 1,174,201 926,3081. Batangas


Province

Table 2-2 Total Population and Percentage Share by Province CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

1001001001009,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON34.8239.6444.9650.623,282,7072,547,1632,093,3921,718,383Other Areas65.1860.3655.0449.386,075,3963,832,7632,533,6801,657,466Catchment Areas4.825.285.576.02449,070335,333256,224201,9858. Metro Lipa4.925.936.336.23458,872376,254291,240209,0797. Metro Batangas

8.699.9210.6611.50809,934629,956490,736386,0836. San Pablo-Metro Lucena

2.161.851.491.49313,946204,024137,40492,6655. Central Cavite3.373.212.982.76201,424117,52968,643490,9064.Metro Tagaytay13.2510.028.867.301,234,880642,395407,869244,9433. Northern Cavite12.6911.9710.367.881,182,581759,975476,979264,3782. Western Laguna 15.2912.088.796.211,424,689747,297404,585208,4271. Northern Rizal

20001990198019702000199019801970% SHARE TO TOTAL POP.2/POPULATION1/Catchment Areas/

Clusters

1001001001009,320,6296,349,4524,603,4353,356,327CALABARZON34.8239.6444.9650.623,282,7072,547,1632,093,3921,718,383Other Areas65.1860.3655.0449.386,075,3963,832,7632,533,6801,657,466Catchment Areas4.825.285.576.02449,070335,333256,224201,9858. Metro Lipa4.925.936.336.23458,872376,254291,240209,0797. Metro Batangas

8.699.9210.6611.50809,934629,956490,736386,0836. San Pablo-Metro Lucena

2.161.851.491.49313,946204,024137,40492,6655. Central Cavite3.373.212.982.76201,424117,52968,643490,9064.Metro Tagaytay13.2510.028.867.301,234,880642,395407,869244,9433. Northern Cavite12.6911.9710.367.881,182,581759,975476,979264,3782. Western Laguna 15.2912.088.796.211,424,689747,297404,585208,4271. Northern Rizal

20001990198019702000199019801970% SHARE TO TOTAL POP.2/POPULATION1/Catchment Areas/

Clusters

Table 2-3 Total Population and Percentage Share by Major Catchment / Cluster Areas, CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

Source: 1/ NSO 2/ Computed


11

Figure 2-1

12

by the Northern Cavite Cluster recording a high6.7 percent (1990-2000) and Northern Rizal at6.4 percent. The catchment areas have the mostnumber of subdivisions.

4. Age-Sex Structure

The population pyramid for year 2000showed that the region’s population is young withthe population below 15 years old comprising 36percent of the total population slightly lower thanthe percentage share in 1990 of 38 percent. Onthe other hand, the proportion of 65 years andover increased slightly from three percent in 1990to four percent in 2000. (Figure 2-2)

The combined young and old depen-dency level is 64, which means that there are64 dependents per 100 working population. Highdependency ratio is strongly associated withpoverty as in the case of Quezon which has thehighest age-dependency rates of 75 percent in2000 and the highest poverty incidence in thesame period. Laguna which had a sustaineddrop in age dependency ratio had also shownconsistent decrease in its poverty incidence aswell as magnitude of poor families. In the caseof Cavite and Rizal, the magnitude of poor fami-lies increased in 2000 when the age dependencyalso increased. Comparison of the age sex struc-ture of the two censal years showed similar pat-terns. Only Quezon province has a median agebelow the regional average.

In both censuses, the proportion ofmales compared to females is higher from agezero until the age group 45-49 where the pro-portions for both sexes are almost equal. Fromthe age-group 50-54 and onwards, however, thereverse is observed wherein the females startto outnumber the males. This pattern confirmsprevious studies that women have longer lifeexpectancies than men.

5. Fertility

Although CALABARZON’s high PGR islargely due to migration and improving deathrates, data show that fertility level remains achallenge in all regions of the country. Fertilitylevels of the region between 1993 and 1998, asmeasured by the total fertility rate (TFR), showeda declining trend but though it is still high. Basedon current fertility levels, a woman will have onthe average 3.7 children during her reproduc-tive years (15-49 years), lower than the 1993National Demographic Survey (NDS) figure of3.9 children per woman.


2.342.352.74Philippines

2.622.284.34Southern Mindanao

0.721.774.07Western Visayas

2.252.984.10National Capital Region

2.602.582.80Central Luzon

3.913.273.21CALABARZON

1990-20001980-901970-80Regions

2.342.352.74Philippines

2.622.284.34Southern Mindanao

0.721.774.07Western Visayas

2.252.984.10National Capital Region

2.602.582.80Central Luzon

3.913.273.21CALABARZON

1990-20001980-901970-80Regions

Source: NSO

Table 2-4 Population Growth RateCALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

Figure 2-2 Age-Sex Population PyramidCALABARZON, 2000


13

The high fertility level is attributed to shortmedian birth intervals (two years and fivemonths), low contraceptive prevalence rate (45.0%) and early marriages. The median age ofmarriage among women is 23.2 years.

6. Urban-Rural Distribution andPopulation Movements

As of the last census, 67.4 percent ofthe region’s population live in the urban areas,compared to the national average of 48 percent.Rizal has the highest percentage of urban popu-lation (96 %) in 2000 while Quezon has the low-est (22 %). For the four censal years, Rizal con-sistently has the highest percentage of urbanpopulation followed by Cavite and Laguna. Ingeneral, the percentage of urban population ofCALABARZON has been increasing steadily asshown in Table 2-6 while the reverse trend hasbeen observed for the rural population.

For the period 1990 to 2000, the Urban-Rural Growth Differential (URGD) was consis-tently positive in the provinces of Batangas,Cavite and Laguna while Quezon and Rizal reg-istered negative URGD. The negative URGDregistered by Quezon and Rizal may be due tothe fact that some portion of the population mighthave settled in areas classified as rural althoughthe National Demographic and Health Survey(NDHS) indicated that rural areas usually havehigher total fertility rates compared to urban ar-eas. The increasing growth rate of the ruralpopulation had to be evaluated closely becauseareas classified as environmentally critical mighthave been occupied by informal settlers.

7. Future Growth

With the region’s PGR of 3.92 percent,its population is expected to double within 17.6years. This is much shorter than the doubling

32.6167.3941.658.457.043.065.434.6CALABARZON4.2195.791.898.225.075.047.053.0Rizal

78.0421.9667.132.970.929.171.728.3Quezon16.5183.4925.674.439.061.049.950.1Laguna13.1986.8123.676.440.259.849.750.3Cavite55.6544.3573.027.083.017.085.314.7BatangasRuralUrbanRuralUrbanRuralUrbanRuralUrban

2000199019801970Provinces

32.6167.3941.658.457.043.065.434.6CALABARZON4.2195.791.898.225.075.047.053.0Rizal

78.0421.9667.132.970.929.171.728.3Quezon16.5183.4925.674.439.061.049.950.1Laguna13.1986.8123.676.440.259.849.750.3Cavite55.6544.3573.027.083.017.085.314.7BatangasRuralUrbanRuralUrbanRuralUrbanRuralUrban

2000199019801970Provinces

Table 2-6 Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural PopulationCALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

Source: NSO

64.4368.6672.16100101101222120CALABARZON62.7565.3668.07101100100222121Rizal75.3978.7081.02104105104202019Quezon60.1864.3668.8798100101232221Laguna60.8659.7466.679899100222222Cavite66.3569.3174.67101101101222120Batangas200019951990200019951990200019951990

AGE DEPENDENCY RATIOSEX RATIOMEDIAN AGEProvinces

64.4368.6672.16100101101222120CALABARZON62.7565.3668.07101100100222121Rizal75.3978.7081.02104105104202019Quezon60.1864.3668.8798100101232221Laguna60.8659.7466.679899100222222Cavite66.3569.3174.67101101101222120Batangas200019951990200019951990200019951990

AGE DEPENDENCY RATIOSEX RATIOMEDIAN AGEProvinces

Table 2-5 Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency RatioCALABARZON Region, 1990, 1995 and 2000

Source: NSO

14

time of the Philippines of 31.4 years. The prov-inces with the shortest doubling time are Cavite(11.5 years) and Rizal (12 years) while Quezonhas the longest at 33.8 years, longer than thenational average (Table 2-7). Among the catch-ment areas, the Northern Rizal Cluster has thefastest doubling time at 9.3 years while theBatangas City-Bauan-San Pascual the slowest,at 23.3 years.

With a PGR of 3.91 percent, the popu-lation of the region is expected to reach 13.6M after 10 years. Cavite province will remainas the most populous province while Quezonwill have the least population. Due to unabatedmigration and slow fertility reductions, theprovinces of the region will continue to growwithin the next 10 years. Whether or not thegrowth rate of the region will decelerate withinthe next decade depends on how the otherparts of the country will be able to hasten theirdevelopment.

The Gross Regional Domestic Product(GRDP) is the aggregate output of goods andservices for three sectors, namely agriculture,industry and services. For the period 1992-2002,the GRDP being reviewed is still the combinedfigure of the whole Southern Tagalog Region(STR) or the total for CALABARZON andMIMAROPA. GRDP data for CALABARZONwere only made available in 2002. The analysisbelow shows that the separation of MIMAROPAhad a slight impact on the regional economy.

1. Regional Growth and Share toNational Economy

The combined GRDP for CALABARZONand MIMAROPA expanded from Php113.5B in1993 to Php162.8B in 2002 at constant pricesor an average annual growth rate of 3.55 per-cent (Table 2-8). This annual growth is slightlylower than the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)increase of 3.62 percent over the same period.

The GRDP share to the national totalwas maintained at about 15.57 percent. Thisshare ranked second only to NCR. Region IVand NCR, together with Region III, accountedfor about 60 percent annual average of thecountry’s domestic output. The industry andservices sector were the main contributors tothe national output, again placing the regionsecond to Metro Manila. Agriculture, on the otherhand, had the largest share in the country’sGross Value Added (GVA) among all regions,despite the fact that the agriculture had a rela-tively smaller share to GRDP as compared withindustry and services.

Using the data generated forCALABARZON, the region’s economy grew by3.8 percent in 2003 due to significant growthsin the industry and service sectors. Table 2-9

B. MACROECONOMY


23.302.961.Metro Lipa34.502.001.Metro Batangas

27.162.541.San Pablo – Metro Lucena

15.684.401.Central Cavite Cluster12.405.541.Tagaytay-Silang10.226.751.Northern Cavite15.274.521.Western Laguna10.826.381.Northern Rizal Cluster

Catchment Areas12.005.745. Rizal33.802.044. Quezon18.803.683. Laguna11.506.002. Cavite26.702.581. Batangas17.603.91CALABARZON

Doubling Time (Years)

PGR (1990 –2000)Areas

23.302.961.Metro Lipa34.502.001.Metro Batangas

27.162.541.San Pablo – Metro Lucena

15.684.401.Central Cavite Cluster12.405.541.Tagaytay-Silang10.226.751.Northern Cavite15.274.521.Western Laguna10.826.381.Northern Rizal Cluster

Catchment Areas12.005.745. Rizal33.802.044. Quezon18.803.683. Laguna11.506.002. Cavite26.702.581. Batangas17.603.91CALABARZON

Doubling Time (Years)

PGR (1990 –2000)Areas

Table 2-7 Estimated Population Doubling Time ofCALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas

Source: NSO


15

shows that CALABARZON still ranks second toNCR in terms of percentage share in the GRDPalthough its share slightly decreased from 13.1percent in 2002 to 13.0 percent in 2003. It isnoted that except for NCR, the share of the re-gions with the biggest GRDP also decreased.

2. Sectoral Distribution of GRDP

Industry, services and agriculture outputsare measured in terms of Gross Value Added.

The assessment of the economic structure ofthe region as shown in Table 13 was basedon the relative change in the percentage sharesof the three sectors and the possible major con-tributions of the CALABARZON and MIMAROPAregions for its sector.

2.1. Industry Sector

During the 10-year period, 1993 to 2002,the industry sector contributed the highest to the

GRDP at an average of 43.20 percent annu-ally. Although, the share of the sector grewfrom 43.37 percent in 1993 to 44.20 percentin 1997, a decline in the share in the GRDPwas noted in 1998 to 2001 with 42.00 per-cent and in 2002 to 43.17 percent. The in-dustry sector’s output grew at an average an-nual rate of 6.50 percent, or 2.90 percent-age point higher than the GRDP growth rate.Manufacturing, construction and electricity,gas and water subsectors were the main con-tributors of the sector.

The manufacturing industry ac-counted for almost one-third of the overallregional economy and contributed an aver-

100.0100.01,081,498,5101,032,969,925Philippines24.024.1260,048,996248,601,095Other Reg.4.54.548,825,61346,845,298XI4.84.852,235,08749,460,750X7.07.075,735,12672,381,220VII7.17.177,012,60073,012,600VI9.09.197,470,12094,057,028III

13.013.1140,153,296135,084,587IV-A30.530.4330,017,672313,527,347NCR

2003200220032002% ShareGRDP

Regions

100.0100.01,081,498,5101,032,969,925Philippines24.024.1260,048,996248,601,095Other Reg.4.54.548,825,61346,845,298XI4.84.852,235,08749,460,750X7.07.075,735,12672,381,220VII7.17.177,012,60073,012,600VI9.09.197,470,12094,057,028III

13.013.1140,153,296135,084,587IV-A30.530.4330,017,672313,527,347NCR

2003200220032002% ShareGRDP

Regions

Table 2-9 Gross Regional Domestic ProductSelected Regions, At Constant Prices (1985=100)

Source: NSCB

8.14.315.57162,8401,032,97020022.83.215.22150,585989,25920013.54.415.28146,478958,41120001.73.415.42141,561918,1611999

-1.3-0.615.67139,144888,00119984.55.215.78140,912893,15119977.65.815.88134,814849,12119964.24.715.61125,248802,22419954.74.415.68120,155766,36819941.12.115.64114,787734,1561993

15.79113,545718,9411992

Region IVGrowth Rate

PhilippinesGrowth Rate

RegionalShare

Region IV(In Million Pesos

Philippines(In Million Pesos)Year

8.14.315.57162,8401,032,97020022.83.215.22150,585989,25920013.54.415.28146,478958,41120001.73.415.42141,561918,1611999

-1.3-0.615.67139,144888,00119984.55.215.78140,912893,15119977.65.815.88134,814849,12119964.24.715.61125,248802,22419954.74.415.68120,155766,36819941.12.115.64114,787734,1561993

15.79113,545718,9411992

Region IVGrowth Rate

PhilippinesGrowth Rate

RegionalShare

Region IV(In Million Pesos

Philippines(In Million Pesos)Year

Table 2-8 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)Southern Tagalog Region, 1992-2002 at Constant Prices (1985=100)

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

16

age of 19 to 20 percent to the national outputin manufacturing. This subsector grew at anaverage of 2.95 percent, a little higher than thenational growth rate of 2.53 percent. The in-creased share in the manufacturing industrywas attributed to the increase in production inthe industrial parks/estates in theCALABARZON region particularly in the late1990’s when the Ecozone Act of 1995 took ef-fect. Prior to this Act there were only nineproclaimed industrial estates in theCALABARZON, This increased to 34 or almosthalf of the 77 total proclaimed ecozones in thecountry. Of the 34 proclaimed ecozones inCALABARZON, 25 are operational represent-ing 56 percent of the Philippines’ total.

Gross value added for construction, elec-tricity, gas and water, likewise increased at anaverage annual growth rate of 5.9 percent and4.9 percent, respectively. Just like the manufac-turing industry, the construction and electricity,gas and water sectors consistently ranked sec-ond to Metro Manila in terms of share to theGVA of the sector.

2.2. Service Sector

The gross value added for the servicesector increased in share to the regional outputfrom 29.57 percent in 1993 to 33.79 percent in2002. The remarkable rise was mainly due tothe steady growth of the subsectors (transpor-tation, communication and storage, trade, fi-nance, ownership of dwelling, private and gov-

ernment service). The trade industry, the maingrowth driver of the sector posted a faster growthat 6.4 percent in 2002 from its 3.0 percent per-formance in 1993. In absolute terms, the GVArose from Php16.8B in 1993 to Php26.4B in2002, contributing an average of more than 40percent to the overall regional income of the sec-tor. The development of the small and mediumenterprises, expansion and modernization oftrade support facilities such as ports and roadnetworks led to the income expansion in theservice sector as a whole.

2.3 Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

The regional gross value added for theagriculture, fishery and forestry sector was re-sponsible for 19 percent of the overall agricul-tural output over the 10-year period. The GVAgradually increased from P31,466B in 1993 toPhp37,46B in 2002, mostly income from agri-culture and fishery subsectors. This made theSouthern Tagalog Region the biggest contribu-tor to the national income in agriculture. Thesector sustained its high production with themassive implementation of the Agriculture andFisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) in the re-gion, effectively shielding the sector from theeffects of the rapid agricultural land conversionto residential, industrial and commercial usesparticularly in the CALABARZON area. The in-come in forestry subsector declined fromPhp228M in 1998 to only Php49M in 2002.

The MIMAROPA region which is a domi-nantly agricultural area had accounted for thebiggest share to the total regional output. Thebulk of the CALABARZON region’s share in theagricultural output came mainly from hogs,chicken, eggs and crops such as coconut, ca-cao, pineapple, sugarcane and other crops. Theincreasing number of slaughterhouses made theCALABARZON region as one of the country’smain source of livestock and poultry products.


43.2031.6125.19

16.7112.8919.38

7.164.934.30

IndustryServices

Agriculture

Share toGRDP

Share toGVA

Share toGDP

Sector

43.2031.6125.19

16.7112.8919.38

7.164.934.30

IndustryServices

Agriculture

Share toGRDP

Share toGVA

Share toGDP

Sector

Table 2-10 Average Share by Industry, Southern Tagalog Region, 1993-2002


17

The growth of the economy is crucial inthe creation of new jobs or in reducing unem-ployment rates. At the same time a more ag-gressive population management, i.e., manag-ing population movements and fertility, has tobe implemented as a long-term strategy to ad-dress the problem of unemployment. The dis-cussion below provides an overview of the em-ployment situation of the region and a briefsituationer of the (sub) sectors that directly con-tribute to economic growth and expanding em-ployment opportunities.

1. Labor Force Participation,Employment, Unemployment andUnderemployment

Total population, 15 years old and over,increased from 4.3 million in 1993 to 6.1 millionin 2000 or about 60 percent of the population inCALABARZON. This showed an average an-nual growth rate of 4.49 percent over the sameperiod. The region’s working population reached

3.9 million from 2.6 million in 1993. On the aver-age, labor force grew by 4.1 percent, higher thanthe average annual employment growth rate of3.8 percent (Table 2-11). This means that theentrants to the labor force grew faster than thetotal number of people employed.

For the period 1993 to 2002, the aver-age employment rate, stood at 89.93, lower thanthe national average at 90.99 percent but betterthan the National Capital Region’s average at84.40 percent. But in terms of growth, em-ployment situation in the region was bettercompared to the Philippines and to the NCRwhich posted an average negative growth of0.16 and 0.03 percent, respectively, over thesame period. The region’s highest employmentrate was recorded in 1996 at 92.63 percent, withthe increased demand for labor in the industrialestates/economic zones. The lowest rate wasrecorded in 2002 at 87.06 percent due to do-mestic economic crisis and political problemsexperienced in the country. Employment in theurban areas expanded at a higher rate than inthe rural areas with the difference of 3.92 per-centage point for the period 1995 to 2002. Thisshows more job opportunities were available in

C. LABOR, EMPLOYMENT AND LEADINGECONOMIC INDICATORS

8.248.2412.9287.0864.906,14120029.869.8611.4088.6066.385,93420018.048.0411.9888.0263.145,70520007.267.2610.0689.9463.895,07319998.968.9610.0289.9863.034,92919987.427.428.3891.6263.214,78719977.647.647.3792.6362.984,64819966.066.069.7790.2362.874,51219955.945.949.6090.4061.774,36719947.207.209.2790.7361.884,2131993

Visible Under-employment Rate

Under-employment

Rate

Unemployment Rate

Employment Rate

Labor Force Participation

Rate

Total Population 15 yrs. old and over (In

Thousand)Years

8.248.2412.9287.0864.906,14120029.869.8611.4088.6066.385,93420018.048.0411.9888.0263.145,70520007.267.2610.0689.9463.895,07319998.968.9610.0289.9863.034,92919987.427.428.3891.6263.214,78719977.647.647.3792.6362.984,64819966.066.069.7790.2362.874,51219955.945.949.6090.4061.774,36719947.207.209.2790.7361.884,2131993

Visible Under-employment Rate

Under-employment

Rate

Unemployment Rate

Employment Rate

Labor Force Participation

Rate

Total Population 15 yrs. old and over (In

Thousand)Years

Table 2-11 Labor Force and EmploymentCALABARZON Region, 1993-2002

Source: NSO for the base data

2. Computed based on the LFPR of the CALABARZON ProvincesData may not add up to total due to rounding

1. Data were taken from the final results of the October Labor Force Survey

2. Computed based on the LFPR of the CALABARZON ProvincesData may not add up to total due to rounding

1. Data were taken from the final results of the October Labor Force Survey

18

the urban areas than in the rural areas. It waslikewise observed that, for the period 1998 to2002, the regional employment was dominatedby the male population which accounted for anaverage of 60 percent of the labor market.

.Unemployment rate rose to 12.92 per-

cent in 2002 from 9.60 percent in 1994. Increas-ing unemployment rate in the region indicatesthat aside from the recorded workers laid off andretrenched in 1998 due to economic crisis, theregion was not able to provide jobs to the newentrants to the labor force as a result of the rapidincrease in the region’s workforce population andin-migration from Metro Manila. In the year2002, there were more than half a million un-employed persons in the region compared to1993 level with only 241,000.

The underemployment rate in the regionaveraged at 7.66 percent or in absolute terms219,743 employed persons were underem-ployed. This may be due to unavailability ofdecent jobs for highly-qualified workers.

2. Employment byIndustry Group

In terms of employ-ment by industry group, theservice sector absorbed thebulk of workers in the re-gion. It accounts for an an-nual average of more than47.19 percent of the total re-gional employment andcontributes 13.16 percent tothe national employment ofthe service sector. Theshare of the sector in theregional employment rosefrom 44.33 percent in 1994to 54.76 percent in 2000, Inabsolute terms the sectorcreated 872,000 new jobs;the biggest increment was

in 1998 with 385,000 jobs. Majority of the work-ers were engaged in the community, social andpersonal services, wholesale and retail trade andin transportation, storage and communicationactivities.

On the contrary, the employment shareof the industry and agriculture sectors declinedduring the same period. The former decreasedfrom 29.17 percent in 1994 to 25.74 percent andthe latter decreased from 26.50 percent in 1994to 19.50 percent in 2000. Though the industrysector was only second to the highest employerin the region, it was the region’s highest con-tributor (about 16 percent) to the country’s em-ployment in industry sector, contributing 29.84percent to the region’s total employment. Theagriculture sector on the other hand, contributeda meager five percent to the overall employment.The growth pattern of the sector was steady atan average of 2.9 percent. In absolute termsonly 629,000 of the total workforce were en-gaged in agricultural activities. (Figure 2-3)

In terms of urban-rural classification, the


Figure 2-3 Percentage of Employed Personsby Industry and Urban-Rural, CALABARZON, 1994-2002

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

% Urban% Rural% Agri% Industry% Service

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

% Urban% Rural% Agri% Industry% Service


19

percentage share of urban employment wasmuch higher in the urban areas compared to therural. The percentage share of rural employmentshowed a downward trend from 1999 to 2002.

The inability of the sector to absorb newentrants to the labor force especially in the ruralareas could worsen the poverty situation. Giventhis, there is a need to accelerate policies, pro-grams and projects that would generate agri-culture-related employment.

3. Ecozone Industries, Investments,Export and Employment

Most ecozones in Cavite and Lagunahost light to medium industries ranging fromsemi-conductors, electronics to car assembly.Batangas ecozones meanwhile tend to hostmedium to heavy industries such as petroleumand oil refineries.

3.1 Investments

Manufacturing is the dominant industrialactivity in the ecozones. In 1997 alone, morethan Php 47 billion pesos of investments weredevoted to new and expansion manufacturingprojects (Table 4). Manufacturing industry islargely concentrated in the production of elec-tronics and semi-conductor products, which arethe leading export commodity of most export-based ecozones in Laguna, Cavite andBatangas. In fact, 86 percent (Pph 40.9 billion)of manufacturing investments went to the elec-tronics/electrical machinery and semiconductorcommodities.

Among the ecozones, the LagunaTechnopark, Inc. contributes almost half (44 %)of the investments poured into the manufac-ture of electronics and semi-conductor com-modities.

In contrast, the manufacture and pro-cessing of food commodities does not receive

much investment attention from locators in theecozones. The national government through theBoard of Investment (BOI) attached high pref-erence for investment on the food industry sincethis is intended to provide the needed linkagesto enhance the development of upstream anddownstream industries such as primary agricul-tural production and SMEs, among others.

In summary, ecozone investments con-tinue to provide sizeable share in the region’sinvestment, expanding from 28 percent in 1996to 73 percent in 2000.

3.2 Exports

In the area of foreign trade, the region’srole in the attainment of the national export tar-get became prominent in 1996 when export ori-ented ecozones began to operate in the region.Prior to these the region contributed measlyaverage of two percent to the country’s exportoutput. Regional share to total export output dra-matically increased from 11 percent in 1996to 49 percent in 2000, which constitute almosthalf of the national export.

The main bulk or 74 percent of theregion’s export revenue of US$ 18 billion, is con-tributed by ecozone export industries. At theecozone level, Laguna Technopark is the topsingle ecozone exporter generating a value ofUS$ 4.6 billion in 2000. On the averageecozones in CALABARZON contribute 78 per-cent of the region’s total export output duringthe period 1998-2002

3.3 Employment

From 1998-2000, CALABARZONecozones employed an average of 165,079 per-sons representing 19 percent of the total em-ployment generated by the industry sector.Employment generation continued to expand inthe ecozones with an average growth rate of 11percent annually from 1998-2002.

20

4. Agribusiness

Despite the separation of theMIMAROPA, the region maintained its leadrole in agriculture, fishery and forestry (AFF)output as shown by the total GVA of P27.9 Bwhich represents 13 percent of the nationalGVA for the sector. Compared to the regionaleconomy, however, the AFF percentage shareis only 20 percent and its growth rate is mini-mal, i.e., 1.4 percent from 2002 to 2003. Theminimal growth rate of the sector contributedto the slackened employment genertion at therural areas of the region.

4.1 Agricultural Production Performance

As an important economic sector of theregion, the agriculture industry/sector is com-posed of three major production subsectors;crops, livestock and poultry, and fishery.

Combined production value of these threesubsectors in 2003 was estimated at 27 billionpesos at constant prices. Both livestock and poul-try contribute half of this total, while fishery con-tributes 27 percent and crops about 22 percent.

Crops Production. In 2003, value ofagricultural crop reachedan estimated 6 billion pe-sos at constant prices.Volume of production inthe crops subsector isdominated by sugarcane,coconut, palay, banana,mango, pineapple,rootcrops and corn (Fig-ure 2-4).

Sugarcane crophas been increasingly cul-tivated in the region sincethe 1990s. The bulk ofcrop production is largelylocated in the westernportion of Batangas prov-ince comprising some tenproducing municipalitiessuch as Lian, Balayan,Tuy, Nasugbu, Calaca,Calatagan, Sta. Teresita,Alitagtag, Taal and PadreGarcia. The municipalitiesof Lian, Balayan, TuyNasugbu, Calaca com-prise 80 percent and 77percent of the province’ssugarcane harvest andproduction area respec-

6,223 4,4868,891 7,661

27,261

16,524 13,97619,669 21,292

71,461

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

(In

Mill

ion

Pes

os)

Constant Prices Current Prices

Figure 2-4Value of Agricultural Production in CALABARZON, 2003

AGRICULTURAL CROPS LIVESTOCK POULTRY FISHERY Total

Figure 2-5Total Crop Production in CALABARZON (in MT), 2003

9%1%

30%

43%

3%2%2%1%7%

2%

PALAY CORN COCONUT SUGARCANE BANANA PINEAPPLE COFFEE MANGO CALAMANSI Beans/Nuts Root Crops VegetablesSpice Others



21

tively. Presently, there are two sugarmills thatperforms processing operation in the province.These are the Batangas Sugar Central and Re-finery covering 26 hectares located in Balayan,and Central Azucarera de Don Pedro located ina 64 hectare lot in Nasugbu (BatangasOPA,OCA and MAO, 2002).

Another major agricultural crop in the re-gion produced in significant volume is coconut.The crop is mainly grown in Quezon provinceand contributes the bulk (78 %) of the total re-gional coconut output at 1.2 million metric tonsfor the past five years from 1997 to 2001. As amajor crop, coconut farming provides directsource of livelihood to an estimated 187,194coconut farmers, most (66%) of which are lo-cated in Quezon. The relative size of the coco-

nut production industry in Quezon has encour-aged a diverse number of coconut related pro-cessing industries, ranging from oil milling andrefining, coir decorticating/defibering to morecomplex processing such the coconut chemicalproduction, to locate operations in this province.Quezon hosts 70 percent of the region’s 46 co-conut processing firms and contributes 86 per-cent of the estimated combined operating ca-pacity of 3,184 metric tons per day.

Production and area harvested of cornand palay crops have been decreasing over thepast ten years. This is mainly attributed to thesubstantial reduction in rainfed areas - consid-ered as future expansion areas for irrigated ricelands, upland palay areas, and corn farmlands(Table 2-12).

With the exceptionof banana and coconut,performance of other cropsconsidered as high valuecommercial crops from2000 to 2003 have regis-tered only minimal growthin terms of volume pro-duced and area harvested.Banana has registered de-creases in output becauseof corresponding decreasein area cultivated duringthe three-year period. Co-conut on the other handwhile expanding area har-vested during the perioddeclined in productivity.While most of the highyielding commercial cropssuch as pineapple, egg-plant, tomato, calamansiamong others, productivityhas only grown minimallyover the past three years.Note: Values for Palay and Corn are 1991-2000 average figures.

Source of basic data: BAS, NSCB

0.450.000.450.7416,60112,205Coffee-0.831.240.403.30407,6651,309,375Coconut0.340.170.51184,12274,038Pineapple0.310.020.34812,865102,680Mango 0.310.020.32111,59216,872Calamansi

-0.15-0.02-0.18436,705144,034Banana0.200.110.31121,42317,217Tomato0.110.080.2011,092616Peanut

-0.360.740.37642243Onion0.240.100.341921770Mongo0.310.500.8263782,123Garlic0.68-0.030.65142,02529,024Eggplant0.360.010.3878,79962,616Cassava0.310.020.3394,25336,743Camote0.250.130.3744982,158Cabbage0.54-2.26-1.732.81145,793409,574Palay3.81-15.21-11.980.9070,99763,682Corn

YieldArea Harvested

Prod.YieldArea Harvested

Prod.

Average Annual Growth Rate2000-2002 Average Performance Indicators

Crop

Note: Values for Palay and Corn are 1991-2000 average figures.Source of basic data: BAS, NSCB

0.450.000.450.7416,60112,205Coffee-0.831.240.403.30407,6651,309,375Coconut0.340.170.51184,12274,038Pineapple0.310.020.34812,865102,680Mango 0.310.020.32111,59216,872Calamansi

-0.15-0.02-0.18436,705144,034Banana0.200.110.31121,42317,217Tomato0.110.080.2011,092616Peanut

-0.360.740.37642243Onion0.240.100.341921770Mongo0.310.500.8263782,123Garlic0.68-0.030.65142,02529,024Eggplant0.360.010.3878,79962,616Cassava0.310.020.3394,25336,743Camote0.250.130.3744982,158Cabbage0.54-2.26-1.732.81145,793409,574Palay3.81-15.21-11.980.9070,99763,682Corn

YieldArea Harvested

Prod.YieldArea Harvested

Prod.

Average Annual Growth Rate2000-2002 Average Performance Indicators

Crop

Table 2-12 Crop Production Performance in CALABARZON, 2000-2003

22

Livestock and PoultryProduction. The region is one ofthe leading producers of swine,chicken and chicken eggs in thecountry. As of 2003, about 13 per-cent of total hog inventory 24 per-cent of total chicken, and 28 per-cent of total eggs is contributed bythe region to national hog and poul-try production.

Compared to the country’smajor producing regions,CALABARZON region places sec-ond to Region III in hog and chickeninventory and first in egg produc-tion (Table 2-13).

Average regional produc-tion performance by commodityfrom 2001 to 2003 shows that hogcontributes almost 90 percent oftotal livestock productionvolume and value, whilechicken and chicken eggsprovides more than threefourths and a little than afourth respectively of to-tal poultry production andvalue during the same pe-riod (Table 2-14).

Overall the valueof the livestock and poul-try subsector in the regionis estimated at 13 billionpesos in constant prices

Production activi-ties for swine and chickenpoultry in the region aremostly concentrated inBatangas, Rizal prov-inces, and an increasingtrend observed in recentyears in the province of

Figure 2-6Comparative Hog Production (in MT), 20003

REGION III17%

REGION VII8%

Rest of Phil.46%

REGION XI8%

REGION VI8%

CALABARZON13%

58 %45 %Rest of the Philippines

14 %31 %Region III

28 %24 %CALABARZON

EggChickenSelected Regions

58 %45 %Rest of the Philippines

14 %31 %Region III

28 %24 %CALABARZON

EggChickenSelected Regions

Table 2-13 Comparative Chicken and Egg ProductionSelected Regions, 2003 (In Metric Tons)

Note: Value of Commodity is at constant pricesSource: BAS

13,377.23590.54TOTAL

1184.493.76Duck Eggs

22211,980.8473.47Chicken Egga

1198.853.45Duck

76776,727.25277.53Chicken

1001008,891.43358.20POULTRY

1127.841.92Goat

88893,931.62206.71Hog

108453.3818.80Cattle

2272.964.91Carabao

1001004,485.80232.33LIVESTOCK

ValueProd'tn.

Share Distribution (%)2001-2003 Average Value

(Pmillion)

2001-2003 Average Prod'tn

('000 MT)

Subsector / Commodity

Note: Value of Commodity is at constant pricesSource: BAS

13,377.23590.54TOTAL

1184.493.76Duck Eggs

22211,980.8473.47Chicken Egga

1198.853.45Duck

76776,727.25277.53Chicken

1001008,891.43358.20POULTRY

1127.841.92Goat

88893,931.62206.71Hog

108453.3818.80Cattle

2272.964.91Carabao

1001004,485.80232.33LIVESTOCK

ValueProd'tn.

Share Distribution (%)2001-2003 Average Value

(Pmillion)

2001-2003 Average Prod'tn

('000 MT)

Subsector / Commodity

Table 2-14 Production and Value of Livestock and Poultry Subsectors in CALABARZON, 2001-2003



23

Laguna (CALA Study), particularly in backyardchicken poultry, and commercial duck, hog, andbroiler production (BAS data).

The availability of support facilities suchas feed mills, warehouse and distribution facili-ties, road networks and proximity to institutionalbuyers and strong market linkage with the NCRprovides a conducive environment for commer-cial level production of swine and poultry activi-ties to flourish and thrive inthese provinces

Combined productionin these three leading prov-inces makes up the bulk of theregion’s hog and chicken in-ventory. These provinces con-tributes more than 75 percentand almost 80 percent of thetotal regional inventory esti-mated at 1.6 million heads ofswine (Table 2-15) and 17.3million heads of poultry, re-spectively in 2002.

Tradition-ally, swine andpoultry commer-cial production ar-eas are mostlyfound clusterednear the perim-eter of urban ar-eas in these prov-inces.

In Batan-gas, 87 percent ofc o m m e r c i a lpiggery farms arelocated in the mu-nicipalities ofMalvar, Rosarioand Lipa City

while only 13 percent is located in the other mu-nicipalities.

Commercial poultry farms on the otherhand are located mostly in San Jose (54 %),Lipa City (24 %), Rosario (19 %) and Mataas naKahoy (3 %).

In Rizal province, Tanay, Morong, Pililliamunicipalities host most of the province’s com-

Note: 2002 Hog inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB

1920211.400.640.85321,720Rizal121922-2.690.450.61137,210Quezon1818220.950.71-1.87265,320Laguna10139-0.080.713.12142,790Cavite4130262.572.200.77756,060Batangas

1311111.101.100.351,623,100CALABARZON

1001001000.661.090.1410,397,000PHILIPPINES

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

Ave. Share Distribution (%)Growth Rate (%)

Inventory (Hds)

Region / Province

Note: 2002 Hog inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB

1920211.400.640.85321,720Rizal121922-2.690.450.61137,210Quezon1818220.950.71-1.87265,320Laguna10139-0.080.713.12142,790Cavite4130262.572.200.77756,060Batangas

1311111.101.100.351,623,100CALABARZON

1001001000.661.090.1410,397,000PHILIPPINES

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

Ave. Share Distribution (%)Growth Rate (%)

Inventory (Hds)

Region / Province

Table 2-15 Hog Productiion / Inventory Performance in CALABARZON, 1990-2002

Note: 2002 Chicken inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB

2115152.411.101.085,418,148Rizal

91112-3.251.650.281,233,402Quezon

212018-0.751.110.763,848,448Laguna

944-0.147.09-1.581,751,173Cavite

395151-1.19-1.490.705,766,663Batangas

131819-0.360.260.6518,017,834CALABARZON

100100100-0.482.000.62113,718,027PHILIPPINES

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

Ave. Share Distribution (%)

Average Annual Growth Rate (%)

Inventory (Hds)Region/ Province

Note: 2002 Chicken inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB

2115152.411.101.085,418,148Rizal

91112-3.251.650.281,233,402Quezon

212018-0.751.110.763,848,448Laguna

944-0.147.09-1.581,751,173Cavite

395151-1.19-1.490.705,766,663Batangas

131819-0.360.260.6518,017,834CALABARZON

100100100-0.482.000.62113,718,027PHILIPPINES

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

1998-2002

1994-1998

1990-1994

Ave. Share Distribution (%)

Average Annual Growth Rate (%)

Inventory (Hds)Region/ Province

Table 2-16 Chicken Productiion / Inventory Performance in CALABARZON, 1990-2002

24

mercial piggery and poultry farms. While the mu-nicipalities in the first, third and fourth district ofLaguna such as San Pedro, Biñan, Liliw,Pagsanjan, Nagcarlan and Calauan among oth-ers, are host to a significant number of com-mercial piggery and poultry farms.

Since the early 1990s, the region’s totalinventory of hog slightly grew but its share tonational total has increased from 11 percent in1994 to 13 percent in 2002. While robust growthwas recorded in Batangas as a leading com-mercial stock producer, stock inventory in therest of the major commercial level producerssuch as Rizal have been declining over theyears.

Total chicken inventory in the region havealso declined during the same period becauseof the major decreases in stock inventory inBatangas. Rizal and, to some extent, Lagunaprovince have registered growth during this pe-riod (Table 2-16).

Availability of corn feed supply has beena constraining factor in both hog and poultrycommercial operation in the region. The low pro-duction output and fast decreasing productionarea of local yellow corn in the region has forcedproducers to resort to relatively expensive corn

supply from outside the region to meet industryfeed requirements. Corn is a major componentof feeds for hog and poultry comprising almosthalf of an ordinary animal feed ration.

In addition the increasing urbanizationin traditional hog and poultry production areas,particularly in Rizal and Batangas has forced pro-ducers to scale down, relocate and even termi-nate production because of incompatible landuse with expanding urban/settlement areas.

Fishery Production Performance. TheCALABARZON region stands fifth among thecountry’s major fishery producing regions led byARMM in 2003 (Figure 2-7).

Total regional production is pegged atan average 334,945 metric tons with an esti-mated value of P 7.6 billion at constant pricesin 2003. Among provinces, the combined fish-ery harvests of Rizal and Quezon constitutethree fourths of the region’s annual production.(Figure 2-8 ).

Production growth of the region’s fish-ery sector has declined over the past ten yearsrecording an average annual decline of 1.79percent from 1994-2003. While both aquacul-ture (5.12%) and commercial (1.47%) fisheries

Figure 2-7Comparative Fishery Production (in MT), 2001-2003

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

NCR

Region

V

Region

III

Region

VII

Region

XII

MIMAR

OPA

CALAB

ARZO

N

Region

VI

Region

IXAR

MM

Rest o

f Phil.

2001 2002 2003



25

significantly grew in production volume, the con-tinuing decline in municipal (6.81%) fishery out-put has affected the overall performance of thesector (Figure 2-9).

The bulk of fish harvested in the regionis contributed by the municipal fisherysubsector providing an average of 40 percentof the regional fishery output during the sameperiod. The remaining 31 and 29 percent iscontributed by aquaculture and commecial fish-ery respectively.

Municipal Fisheries

Municipal fishery activi-ties are traditionally centered inRizal province (52 percent) be-cause of the active open fish-ing activities in Laguna Lake,particularly on its northeasternshores bordered by municipali-ties Binangonan, Morong,Baras, Tanay, Pilillia, Jala-jala,among others. Average shareof municipal fishery harvest inthis province constitute morethan half of the total municipal

fishery output in the region (Figure 2-10)

Other municipal fishing activities are lo-cated along Quezon province’s southeasterncoast of Tayabas Bay and Ragay Gulf particu-larly in the coastal towns of Sariaya, Pagbilao,and in the Bondoc Peninsula coastal towns ofPitogo, Gen. Luna, Unisan, Macalelon,San Fran-cisco and San Andres areas. These coastaltowns have significant numbers of municipalfisherfolk population, including the province’snorthern coastal towns of Infanta and Real. In

Figure 2-9Growth Performance of Fishery Sector in CALABARZON, 1994-2003

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03

Per

cent

CALABARZON Commercial Municipal Aquaculture

Figure 2-8Distribution of Fishery Production by Province

(in MT), 2000-2003

Cavite4%

Laguna10%

Batangas11%

Rizal39%

Quezon36%

26

Batangas province, major municipal waters uti-lized for fishing are the Balayan and Batangasbays, and Taal lake.

The region’s coastal and inland waterscomprise the municipal waters and covers 95municipalities comprising 879 coastal barangayswith a total population of 73,071 municipalfisherfolks.

.Most municipal fisherfolks are consid-

ered poor and directly depend on municipal fish-ery activities for their livelihood. Quezon prov-ince hosts the most number of fisherfolks in theregion with about 45 percent of total municipalfisherfolks. These are concentrated in theprovince’s southern tip of the Bondoc Peninsulaand REINA (Real, Infanta and General Nakar)municipalities.

Aquaculture Fisheries

Most of the aquaculture production ac-tivities in the region are more or less equallydistributed in the provinces of Quezon (39 %),Rizal (25 %) and Batangas (24 %). Aquaculturefishery production is minimal in Laguna (7 %)and Cavite (5 %).

Aquaculture structures such as fishpens, fishcages and fishponds can be found inrelatively abundant quantities in major water

bodies such as Laguna Lake, TaalLake, Seven, Lakes, Calauag Bay,the coastal waters of Infanta-Realtowns and Batangas Coast, amongothers. The more common aquacul-ture products being cultured in theregion’s fresh/inland waters andcoastal marine waters are bangusand tilapia fish varieties, which havea ready market in the NCR, andwhere these products are relativelypopular food commodities.

.Commercial Fisheries

Commercial fishing operations in the re-gions are traditionally based in the province ofQuezon. Production output from the provincecontributes the bulk of the total commercial fish-ery output of the region at 91 percent whileCavite and Batangas contribute five and fourpercent, respectively.

Land Conversion

The rate of growth of agriculture’s con-tribution to regional employment and to theoverall economy has been dwindling throughthe years. This could be attributed partly to thedecrease of land devoted for agricultural ac-tivities.

Most of the region’s productive agricul-tural lands are already utilized at full capacity.Batangas and Cavite provinces have surpassedcapacity levels indicating that crop productionactivities are already utilizing marginal lands andmost probably even upland areas in these prov-inces. The movement and the consequent con-centration of population towards the region’surban centers from the rural or areas outside ofthe region have influenced the increasing landrequirements for settlement, industrial and com-mercial areas, particularly in the provinces ofBatangas, Laguna, Rizal and Cavite.

Figure 2-10Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production by

Province (in MT), 2000-2003

Cavite1%

Laguna12%

Batangas14%

Rizal52%

Quezon21%



27

Relatedly, the incidenceof agricultural lands converted toresidential, industrial and com-mercial use is relatively high inthese provinces (Table 2-17) Fora span of fifteen years from 1984to 1999, more than 12,000 hect-ares of agricultural lands wereconverted mostly for residentialpurposes indicating a quickeningpace of growth in the region’surban and industrial centers.

Between 1987 and2004, aggregate area for agri-cultural lands in the region in-creased by 4 percent from491,536 hectares to 669,715hectares.

During this period, more than 170,000hectares of lands were made available for ag-ricultural production activities. An estimated 36,796 hectares of alienable and disposable (A&D)lands, particularly in the provinces of Batangas,Quezon and Cavite were released by theDENR and distributed to farmer beneficiariesunder the same program, the DAR also wasable to redistribute a total of 132, 294 hectares

of agricultural lands (Table 2-18).

The DAR and DENR are the frontlineagencies of the government tasked with the ac-quisition and distribution of agricultural lands un-der its flagship program for agrarian reform, theComprehensive Agrarian Reform Program(CARP)

5. Agrarian Reform

5.1 Land Acquisition and Distribution (LAD)

From a working scope of8.06 million hectares, DAR is to dis-tribute 4.29 million hectares (53%)while DENR is to distribute 3.77 mil-lion (47%). Of these, the two agen-cies have distributed 57 percent ora total of 5.44 million hectares.

DAR has distributed 3.102million hectares (72% of its scope)

12,607.3080Total

2.3168.711.2427.73961.6671RIZAL

31.2660.570.477.70532.9240QUEZON

3.8350.6731.4114.092,325.3478LAGUNA

21.4657.8418.841.864,081.9611CAVITE

9.0366.9016.617.474,705.4080BATANGAS

OthersResiden-tialIndustrialCommer-

cial

Distribution of Agricultural Lands Converted to Other Use by Major Category (%)

Agricultural Land

Converted (Ha)

Province

12,607.3080Total

2.3168.711.2427.73961.6671RIZAL

31.2660.570.477.70532.9240QUEZON

3.8350.6731.4114.092,325.3478LAGUNA

21.4657.8418.841.864,081.9611CAVITE

9.0366.9016.617.474,705.4080BATANGAS

OthersResiden-tialIndustrialCommer-

cial

Distribution of Agricultural Lands Converted to Other Use by Major Category (%)

Agricultural Land

Converted (Ha)

Province

Table 2-17 Status of Land Conversion in CALABARZON, 1984-1999

Source of Basic Data: DAR CLUPPINote: - Categories for commercial, industrial and residential

includes mix and related use. Residential category includes resettlement and socialized housing.

- Others category includes agriculture, aquaculture, eco-tourism, memorial parks and SHOPC

170,862.64132,29438,795.311,622,861CALABARZON15,026.5213,7871,239.52130,892Rizal99,691.3072,77126,920.30870,660Quezon14,196.8711,7162,480.87175,973Laguna10,027.106,5993,428.10128,755Cavite31,920.8427,4214,449.84316,581Batangas

DARDENRTotal

A&d AND Agricultural Lands Distribution (has)Total Land

Area (has)Province

170,862.64132,29438,795.311,622,861CALABARZON15,026.5213,7871,239.52130,892Rizal99,691.3072,77126,920.30870,660Quezon14,196.8711,7162,480.87175,973Laguna10,027.106,5993,428.10128,755Cavite31,920.8427,4214,449.84316,581Batangas

DARDENRTotal

A&d AND Agricultural Lands Distribution (has)Total Land

Area (has)Province

Status of re/distribution as of August 2004 for DAR and September 2004 for DENRSource of basic data: DAR Region IV-A LMS-LMD

Table 2-18 Status of Agricultural Land Distribution in CALABARZON, 1987-2004

28

to some 1.735 million agrar-ian beneficiaries. About 1.646million hectares of these areprivate agricultural lands.DENR for its part has distrib-uted 2.341 million hectares(62% of its scope) to some1.46 million agrarian benefi-ciaries. As of December2000, the total remainingarea for distribution under theComprehensive AgrarianReform Program (CARP) is2.62 million hectares. Out of these total, DAR isto distribute 1.19 million hectares, while DENRis to distribute 1.43 million hectares.

From the DAR working scope of 4.29million hectares, CALABARZON shares 4 per-cent or 160, 660 hectares. Quezon andBatangas have the biggest slice with 54 and 20percent respectively. The least share is Cavitewith 5 percent while Rizal and Laguna has atleast 12 and 9 percent share respectively

As of August 2004 the region has dis-tributed 82 percent or 132,294 hectares out ofDAR’s working scope of 160, 660 hectares forthe region. More than three-fourths of the landswere distributed in the provinces of Quezon(55%) and Batangas (21%).

The remaining balance of 30, 111 hect-ares, half of which is in Quezon province, is ex-pected to be completed for distribution by 2010(Table 2-19).

On the part of the DENR, total A&D landsreleased and distributed to agrarian reform ben-eficiaries in the region since 1992 was estimatedat 38,795.31 hectares. For the next six years,from 2005 to 2010, about 70,260 hectares ofA&D lands is targeted to be opened up for agri-cultural use or almost double the coverage at-tained during the past twelve years.

5.2 Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs)

The CARP prescribes that package ofsupport services must be provided to agrarianreform beneficiaries and their communities. Dueto limited resources, the Agrarian Reform Com-munity (ARC) approach was adopted as thegeographical focus for the delivery of supportservices. Support services however, have beeninvested in non-ARC areas considering thatmost ARBs in the region are outside the ARCcoverage, hence ARCs were further expandedto include ARBs in non-ARC areas.

In CALABARZON, around 105 ARCshas been launched in all of the provinces since1993. It covered a total of 75 municipalities and279 barangays. A significant number of ARCslaunched are mostly concentrated in Quezonprovince. (Table 2-20)

Source: DAR IV-A (Data as of August 2004)27975105TOTAL2466Rizal1443454Quezon191012Laguna391111Cavite531422Batangas

BarangaysCovered

Municipalities Covered

Total ARCsLaunchedProvince

Source: DAR IV-A (Data as of August 2004)27975105TOTAL2466Rizal1443454Quezon191012Laguna391111Cavite531422Batangas

BarangaysCovered

Municipalities Covered

Total ARCsLaunchedProvince

Table 2-20 Agrarian Reform Communities Launched in CALABARZON, 2004


Source: DAR IV-A30,1113,5053,6334,0194,5794,6754,8004,900TOTAL5,348772969969969969300400Rizal

15,7242,0801,9861,9861,9861,9863,0502,650Quezon2,504504600600800Laguna1,820386442442350200Cavite4,715653678678678678500850Batangas

2010200920082007200620052004Total

YearProvince

Source: DAR IV-A30,1113,5053,6334,0194,5794,6754,8004,900TOTAL5,348772969969969969300400Rizal

15,7242,0801,9861,9861,9861,9863,0502,650Quezon2,504504600600800Laguna1,820386442442350200Cavite4,715653678678678678500850Batangas

2010200920082007200620052004Total

YearProvince

Table 2-19 Land Acquisition and Distribution Target by Year (in Hectares) CALABARZON Region, 2004-2010


29

6. Tourism

The country is endowed with great tour-ism potentials. It offers diverse attractionsranging from historical/cultural heritage to vari-ety of scenic views and recreational areas. TheCALABARZON is gifted with a diverse natural,historical, cultural and man-made attractionsas well as general and special interest productsattractive to domestic and international touristmarkets.

The Philippine Tourism Master Plan(PTMP) 1991-2010 identified tourism develop-ment areas in the country which can serve asthe focus of investments in tourism estates, lei-sure and recreation complex and other tourismrelated activities. Tagaytay/Taal, Aplaya Laiyaand Hacienda Looc located in San Juan andNasugbu, Batangas respectively, have beenselected as tourism development areas for theCALABARZON region in the PTMP.

Tourism development in Tagaytay in-cludes the zoning by the Tagaytay City govern-ment of the tourism-strip along the Tagaytayridge for urban-tourism with restaurants, enter-tainment and recreational facilities. High-cost,week-end housing projects suited for rest andrelaxation have been increasing in the area.High-end resort estates have proliferated inTagaytay City and its adjacent highland townswith similar view of the Taal lake and Volcano.The tourism area has been made more acces-sible with the completion of the Tagaytay-Sta.Rosa Road to complement the Tagaytay-Alfonso-Batangas Road and Gen. AguinaldoHighway.

For the Aplaya Laiya, the Department ofTourism has an on-going project for the formu-lation of a tourism master plan. Beach resortsexist in the area, its access road, the San Juan-Lobo road is nearly completed. For the Haci-enda Looc, which covers 1,378 hectares, its

conversion from agricultural to tourism area ison-going.

The Regional Tourism Master Plan forSouthern Tagalog formulated in 1997 has iden-tified the following sites as tourism priority de-velopment areas. The centerpiece attraction ofthe CALABARZON region, the Taal Lake andVolcano is found in Batangas. The Taal Volcanois said to be the smallest volcano in the world.The coastline from Nasugbu to Calatagan is afavorite of water sport enthusiasts. It is gener-ally used for swimming, boating, yachting, fish-ing and skin-diving. National shrines and land-marks also abound in the province being homeand birthplace of the country’s nationalist.

The tourism center of Cavite is TagaytayCity which is known as the “town on the ridge”.The ridge is the viewing area of the Taal Lakeand Volcano. Tagaytay is also considered thesecond summer capital of the country becauseof its crisp and cool climate. Cavite also boastsof leisure estates and golf courses. The Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine and other historicallandmarks are present in the province.

Laguna is known as the resort provinceof the Philippines with its bodies of water suchas hot springs, lakes and waterfalls. ThePagsanjan Falls, Lake Caliraya and the innu-merable hot springs that abound in the prov-ince are the favorite of tourists.

In the province of Quezon, tourist flockto Mount Banahaw, a 7,382-foot extinct volcanofamous for its mystical attributes. The beach ofSariaya abounds with resorts for domestic tour-ists. A yearly attraction in the province is thecelebration of the Pahiyas, a traditional thanks-giving for a bountiful harvest celebrated in sev-eral towns.

In Rizal province, the Shrine of Our Ladyof Antipolo draws thousand of Filipino travelers

30

to pay homage to Our Lady of Peace and GoodVoyage. Along the way to the Shrine is theSumulong Highway where the overlooking viewof Metro Manila can be seen while enjoying thefacilities offered by food establishments operat-ing in the area. The province is also known forthe Hinulugang Taktak and Daranak/Batlag Falls.

Travel Movements to the SouthernTagalog Region

Table 2-21 shows the over-all distributionof foreign visitors and domestic tourist travelmovements to the various areas of the Philip-pines. The data confirmed the dominance ofSouthern Tagalog as a tourist destination. More-over, there may be underestimation of travelmovements statistics from the NCR to the region.Many tour options situated especially in theCALABARZON region can be accessed in lessthan half a day with visitors undertaking short tripsto the region but stay in NCR for the night. Theproximity of the region to Metro Manila, the high

level of infrastructure development and the ex-istence of a wide range of accommodation andtourism oriented establishment are factors thatattract trips to the Region.

Table 2-22 shows the number of travel-ers to the region on a per province basis for theperiod 2000 to 2002. Of the total travelers thatvisited the CALABARZON region, percent vis-ited Cavite while 30 percent visited Laguna. Itis surprising to note that the statistics shows only2.5 percent visited Batangas for the period 2000-2002. On the average the CALABARZON re-gion contributed 93 percent of travelers to Re-gion IV from 2000-2002. Report from DOT re-veals that seven out of the 14 most visited placesin the Luzon, seven are found in Region IV, fiveof which are in the CALABARZON regionnamely: Pagsanjan, Los Banos, Ternate,Tagaytay and Batangas.

Tourism activities play a major role inthe development of an area. It has far reach-ing relationship with other sectors such asmanufacturing, environment, agriculture and in-frastructure. Tourism contribution to theeconomy comes in the form of investment intourism facilities and travelers expenditure onaccommodation, food and beverage,sightseeing, entertainment, local transport,shopping, and other personal services.

11,6944,0654,4833,146TOTAL STR770339230201MIMAROPA

10,9243,7264,2532,945CALABARZON33267Rizal

2,3403272461,767Quezon3,2951,2082,02760Laguna4,9832,0221,8901,071Cavite

2731696440Batangas

Total200220012000Province

11,6944,0654,4833,146TOTAL STR770339230201MIMAROPA

10,9243,7264,2532,945CALABARZON33267Rizal

2,3403272461,767Quezon3,2951,2082,02760Laguna4,9832,0221,8901,071Cavite

2731696440Batangas

Total200220012000Province

Source: Department of Tourism Regional Office IV

Table 2-22 Distribution of Travelers in the CALABARZON (In Thousand)

597ARMM277280252250XIII425317203208111117XII540638560553202274XI550506546581329296X200233243260164122IX1751751351308593VIII

1,0631,0131,0051,212486350VII836629570261257218VI389367356266116151V

4,0654,4833,146387133260IV3502622344816153III58254544328416144II355344289512166307I

4,0682,1641,328NCR1,2781,2401,139752259CAR200220012000199719931990Region

597ARMM277280252250XIII425317203208111117XII540638560553202274XI550506546581329296X200233243260164122IX1751751351308593VIII

1,0631,0131,0051,212486350VII836629570261257218VI389367356266116151V

4,0654,4833,146387133260IV3502622344816153III58254544328416144II355344289512166307I

4,0682,1641,328NCR1,2781,2401,139752259CAR200220012000199719931990Region

Table 2-21 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements by Region (In Thousand)



31

1. Poverty Incidence and Magnitude ofPoor Families

The region’s poverty incidence or theproportion of families living below the povertythreshold was recorded at 16.05 percent in theyear 2000. This was relatively lower by morethan 50 percent compared with the national pov-erty incidence for the same year. Poverty inci-dence decreased from 33.86 percent in 1991to 16.05 percent in 2000. Efforts of the govern-ment to alleviate poverty gained favorable out-come for the period 1994 to 1997 as the num-ber of poor families declined from 371,000 to274,778 families (Table 2-23). However, in theyear 2000, an additional12,695 families wereonce again amont those living below the pov-erty line. The slump in the regional economy in1998 brought by the El Niño/La Niña Phenom-enon and the Asian financial crisis adversely af-fected the poor communities especially thoseslightly above the poverty line. The in-migrationof poor families from Metro Manila and nearby

provinces of the MIMAROPA region contributedalso to the increased poverty incidence inCALABARZON.

Poverty was prevalent in the rural areasaccounting for more than 60 percent of the totalpoor families in the region, making poverty amajor concern. Poor families in both the ruraland urban areas should be given equal accessto basic services and livelihood and employmentopportunities to help alleviate poverty.

Poverty incidence among the provincesshowed that the province of Quezon had thehighest at 34.10 percent. However, significantimprovement in the living conditions in Quezonwas noted as the number of poor families de-clined from 139,677 in 1991 to 116,734 in 2000.Despite the decline, Quezon still accounted forthe highest number of families (40%) whoseincome fell below the poverty line. Some 96,000families, majority of which were in the rural ar-eas relied on farming and fishing activities.

Quezon ranked among the 44 poorestprovinces in the country. Meanwhile, Rizal hadthe lowest poverty incidence at 8.0 percent and

D. POVERTY SITUATION AND SOCIALDEVELOPMENT STATUS


27,555116,73433,41238,08471,688287,4735,139,565200016,571123,15640,87422,64771,530274,7784,511,151199732,088147,24755,16228,706107,797371,0004,531,170199443,211139,67761,01047,78180,200371,8794,780,8651991

Magnitude of Poor Families

8.034.18.610.220.916.0533.720008.336.512.38.022.118.6331.81997

18.448.318.811.636.531.4835.5199426.953.925.618.937.533.8639.91991

Incidence of Families

RizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangasCALABARZONPhilippinesProvinces

Indicators

27,555116,73433,41238,08471,688287,4735,139,565200016,571123,15640,87422,64771,530274,7784,511,151199732,088147,24755,16228,706107,797371,0004,531,170199443,211139,67761,01047,78180,200371,8794,780,8651991

Magnitude of Poor Families

8.034.18.610.220.916.0533.720008.336.512.38.022.118.6331.81997

18.448.318.811.636.531.4835.5199426.953.925.618.937.533.8639.91991

Incidence of Families

RizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangasCALABARZONPhilippinesProvinces

Indicators

Table 2-23 Poverty Incidence by ProvinceCALABARZON Region, 1991-2000

Poverty incidence for the region was computed based on base datSource: NSCB

32

also the lowest in terms of number of poorfamilies of 27,555. The provinces ofBatangas, Cavite and Laguna postedpoverty incidence at 20.90 percent, 10.80percent and 8.6 percent, respectively. Al-though Cavite and Rizal had lower pov-erty incidence, poverty data show that thebiggest increment in the number of poorfamilies were in Cavite with 15,437 andRizal with 10,984 families. The increasein the number of poor families was notedin the urban areas of the said provinces.This can be attributed to the in-migrationand relocation of squatters in the areas.

The region’s average annual fam-ily income in 2000 as computed wasPhp115,227.00 which was relatively lower thanthe national average of Php144,039.00. The av-erage family income varies among the provincesof the region. The provinces of Rizal, Cavite andLaguna had an average family income higherthan the regional average. The region’s familyincome was mainly sourced from salaries andwages (non-agriculture), entrepreneurial activi-ties (whole sale and retail) and cash assistancefrom either domestic or foreign means.

2. Human Development Index

As an indicator of quality of life, the hu-man development index (HDI) of provinces inCALABARZON was consistently among thehighest and has been improving over time. Be-tween 1997 and 2000, CALABARZON was oneof the few regions where all its provinces hadan increased HDI. Quezon registered the high-est percentage of improvement (18.6 %) fol-lowed by Batangas (13.5 %) and Cavite (9.7 %).Rizal province recorded the lowest percentageimprovement but maintained its number onerank in terms of HDI level. With the increase inQuezon’s HDI, all the provinces ofCALABARZON are now in the top 20. Batangasprovince also showed a remarkable increase in

rank, i.e., from number 11 in 1997 to numberfour in 2000. Laguna, however, went down interms of ranking but posted a 5.5 percent in-crease in its actual HDI level (Table 2-13). Inthe case of Laguna, its rate of increase in HDIwas lower compared with other provinces of thecountry, thus, it was overtaken in terms of rank.

The HDI was advocated by the UnitedNations Development Programme (UNDP) in1990 in response to the need to distinguish growthand development. It was conceived to measurehow well a country or area has performed in thethree outcomes of development: the state ofhealth (measured by life expectancy at birth), thelevel of knowledge of skill (measured by adultilliteracy and enrolment rates), and the level ofreal per capita income, adjusted to reflect thepriority given to relieving absolute poverty.

3. Health and Nutrition

3.1 Infant Mortality

On infant mortality rate (IMR) or the num-ber of deaths per 1,000 livebirths,CALABARZON’s rate decreased from 20.75 in1998 to 15.79 in 2002. Except in 1998, IMRwas highest in Quezon while consistently low-

0114.37%0.7330.765Rizal

4231918.57%0.5870.696Quezon

-3695.53%0.6870.725Laguna

3529.72%0.6890.756Cavite

711413.48%0.6530.741Batangas

1997200019972000Difference Between Ranks2/

Rank1/PercentChange in

HDI2/

HDI1/

Provinces

0114.37%0.7330.765Rizal

4231918.57%0.5870.696Quezon

-3695.53%0.6870.725Laguna

3529.72%0.6890.756Cavite

711413.48%0.6530.741Batangas

1997200019972000Difference Between Ranks2/

Rank1/PercentChange in

HDI2/

HDI1/

Provinces

Table 2-24 Human Development Index (HDI)CALABARZON Region, 1997-2000

Source: Human Development Network – Philippine HumanDevelopment Report (HDN-PHDR)1/ HDN-PHDR 2/ Computed2/ Computed



33

est in Rizal province (Table 2-14). Like CrudeDeath Rate and Crude Birth Rate, the data onIMR reveal that the provinces have a better situ-ation compared to the cities. This suggests somemeasurement errors because cities which mostlikely would have better economic situationsshould have lower IMRs. Again, the reason forthis is that the hospitals where deaths occur arelocated in cities.

Among, the leading cause of infant deathwas pneumonia, followed by premature births.Other leading causes of IMR include congenitalanomaly, sepsis neonatorum, septicemia, res-piratory distress syndrome, asphyxia neona-torum, diarrhea disease, fetal deaths and pla-cental insufficiency.

3.2 Maternal Mortality

Maternal death or mothers who die dur-ing pregnancy or due to childbirth complications

decreased from 81 in 1998 to 76 deaths in 2002.For the period under review, the most numberof maternal deaths were from Quezon; however,the death rates of the cities of San Pablo andAntipolo were also high.

3.3 Protein Energy Malnutrition

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)among pre-schoolers, as measured through theOperation Timbang (OPT), improved slightly inthe region from a prevalence rate of 3.6 per-cent in 2001 to 3.5 percent in 2002. The mag-nitude also decreased from 58,721 to 56,902for the same years under review. Cavite andQuezon topped the provinces with the highestmalnutrition rate in 2002 with 4.9 and 4.7 per-cent, respectively, while Cavite City and TanuanCity, the highest with 4.2 percent (Table 2-26).Lucena City and Antipolo City showed markeddecreases while malnutrition increased inCavite province and San Pablo City. With the

Provinces

15.792,29214.362,50316.602,56525.712,57420.752,584Total29.074519.902424.7035113.878743.4839Trece2.07212.1893.40310.03810.399Tagaytay

21.9361Tanauan17.4711413.189312.819416.379415.5585San Pablo35.4512227.619850.7415142.2415154.38196Lucena25.5212920.5510332.0115435.9116737.87164Lipa25.365310.992313.432914.102714.9531Cavite12.8486Calamba16.7410617.3511316.1110118.8811516.8596Batangas9.5012312.9915111.62134Antipolo

Cities2.56758.392383.389410.5737210.99353Rizal

11.4936711.5236113.6445516.033996.98156Quezon10.9635412.0345010.5938112.3746014.56642Laguna7.8939310.2350610.6150610.0144911.79475Cavite7.962629.8133412.754288.0924511.25338Batangas

RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.20022001200019991998

Areas

Provinces

15.792,29214.362,50316.602,56525.712,57420.752,584Total29.074519.902424.7035113.878743.4839Trece2.07212.1893.40310.03810.399Tagaytay

21.9361Tanauan17.4711413.189312.819416.379415.5585San Pablo35.4512227.619850.7415142.2415154.38196Lucena25.5212920.5510332.0115435.9116737.87164Lipa25.365310.992313.432914.102714.9531Cavite12.8486Calamba16.7410617.3511316.1110118.8811516.8596Batangas9.5012312.9915111.62134Antipolo

Cities2.56758.392383.389410.5737210.99353Rizal

11.4936711.5236113.6445516.033996.98156Quezon10.9635412.0345010.5938112.3746014.56642Laguna7.8939310.2350610.6150610.0144911.79475Cavite7.962629.8133412.754288.0924511.25338Batangas

RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.RateNo.20022001200019991998

Areas

Source: DOH Annual Reports

Table 2-25 Infants DeathsCALABARZON Region, 1998-2002

34


use of the International Reference Standard(IRS) in measuring malnutrition, the percent-age of malnourished pre-schoolers will defi-nitely increase.

Compared to food sufficiency levels, itwas noted that sufficiency of cereals particu-larly rice was closely associated with nutritionstatus of the areas. The areas with high-suffi-ciency levels on cereals like Laguna andBatangas had the lowest malnutrition levels.Areas with high malnutrition rates, e.g., Caviteprovince, also had the lowest sufficiency levelon cereals.

3.4 Health Facilities

On health facilities, as of 2000 the re-gion had a total of 226 hospitals, 64 of whichwere government and 162 were private hospi-tals. These hospitals had a total bed capacityof 7,509, yielding a ratio of one bed per 1,317population. Other health facilities available wereBarangay Health Stations (1,844) and RegionalHealth Units (203) equivalent to ratios of oneper 5,363 population and one per 48,720 popu-lation, respectively.

The tertiary hospitals were mostly lo-

-0.11-3.103.556,9023.6158,721CALABARZON

-0.064.381.61431.66137T. Martirez4.2499Tanauan

0.025.681.4931.3888Tagaytay0.2919.211.45771.11484San Pablo-1.69-32.963.81,3735.492,048Lucena0.037.702.17692.07714Lipa0.03-3.734.26974.17724Cavite

3.11,693Calamba0.2317.172.39282.07792Batangas-1.52-21.662.93,0124.423,845Antipolo

Cities

-0.25-6.112.56,8072.757,250Rizal-0.8111.764.712,7755.5111,431Quezon-0.18-44.722.44,8962.588,857Laguna0.4613.054.914,4484.4412,780Cavite-0.28-14.413.38,1923.589,571Batangas

Provinces

Prevalence Rate (%)

No. of Moderate & Severely

Malnourished

Prevalence Rate (%)

No. of Moderate &

Severely Malnourished

Percentage Points

Difference

Percentage Change in the

Number of Malnourished

Children

20022001

Areas

-0.11-3.103.556,9023.6158,721CALABARZON

-0.064.381.61431.66137T. Martirez4.2499Tanauan

0.025.681.4931.3888Tagaytay0.2919.211.45771.11484San Pablo-1.69-32.963.81,3735.492,048Lucena0.037.702.17692.07714Lipa0.03-3.734.26974.17724Cavite

3.11,693Calamba0.2317.172.39282.07792Batangas-1.52-21.662.93,0124.423,845Antipolo

Cities

-0.25-6.112.56,8072.757,250Rizal-0.8111.764.712,7755.5111,431Quezon-0.18-44.722.44,8962.588,857Laguna0.4613.054.914,4484.4412,780Cavite-0.28-14.413.38,1923.589,571Batangas

Provinces

Prevalence Rate (%)

No. of Moderate & Severely

Malnourished

Prevalence Rate (%)

No. of Moderate &

Severely Malnourished

Percentage Points

Difference

Percentage Change in the

Number of Malnourished

Children

20022001

Areas

Source: DOH Annual Reports

Table 2-26 Moderate and Severe Malnourished Pre-SchoolersCALABARZON Region, CY 2001 and 2002

Source: Department of Health (DOH)


35

cated in the catchment areas because of theeconomies of scale thus depriving the fourth tosixth class municipalities. Given this, there is aneed to strengthen the referral system and up-grading the capacities of district hospitals on theprovision of higher levels of health services.

4. Education

4.1 Participation Rates in BasicEducation

From SY 1992-1993 to SY 2000-2001,the region showed an increase in elementaryparticipation rate, from 82.8 percent to 89.4 per-cent (Table 2-27). However, despite the increasegained by the region in terms of elementary par-ticipation rate, the region still needs to exert ef-fort in order to achieve a 100 percent participa-tion rate in 2015 as targeted in the United Na-tions’ Millennium Development Goals (MDG).Likewise, it shall be noted that the PhilippineConstitution also provides that elementary edu-cation is mandatory.

Furthermore, looking at a period of fiveyears, all the divisions in the region have a highprobability of achieving the MDG target of 100

percent in 2015. Among the divisions, Rizal andCavite City have the lowest participation rates.The low participation rate in Rizal may be due tothe fact that children of more affluent families ofthe province enroll in schools located in the NCR.

Some reasons for low participation ratewere: lack of schools in some barangays, poorhealth and nutrition, low income or poverty, andfar distance between home and schools (far-flungareas), lack of interest in school, hostility of teach-ers in the classroom as well as the decisions offamilies to sacrifice the schooling of employablefamily members in exchange for additional in-come, especially for the poor with unwieldy fam-ily sizes.

From SY 1996-1997 to SY 2001-2002,the region showed a decrease in secondary par-ticipation rate, from 80 percent to 72 percent(Table 2-28). The trend during the five-year pe-riod had been fluctuating from a high of 85 per-cent in SY 1997-1998 to a low of 72 percent inSY 2001-2002. The division of Rizal recordedthe lowest participation rate at 58 percent duringthe last SY under review while Lipa City had thehighest at 92 percent. The low participation ratesin the CALARI area may be due to some mea-surement errors because some of the studentswho are enrolled in other divisions (e.g. cities ofNCR) are not included in the computation. Theavailability of blue-collared jobs in these areasas the well as high cost of tuition, miscellaneousfees and transportation may also have an effecton the participation of students in schools.

There is no data on early childhood careand development (ECCD) participation rates ex-cept for the enrolment in pre-school which showedmarked improvement. The total pre-school en-rollment in 1996 of 44,279 increased to 128,194in 2001. The abrupt increase in enrollment forpre-school is attributed largely to the increasedrecognition on the importance of providing properstimulation to pre-schoolers and later because

89.497.496.495.093.2CALABARZON

86.394.595.596.081.3San Pablo City 90.2102.0101.787.495.8Lucena City 95.2115.1113.398.596.2Lipa City 82.083.697.296.297.9Cavite City 88.2102.899.397.199.0Batangas City 81.887.286.798.697.6Rizal96.592.692.589.383.0Quezon85.597.791.797.996.5Laguna92.7101.592.397.194.8Cavite95.697.193.592.090.0Batangas

20012000199919981997Divisions

89.497.496.495.093.2CALABARZON

86.394.595.596.081.3San Pablo City 90.2102.0101.787.495.8Lucena City 95.2115.1113.398.596.2Lipa City 82.083.697.296.297.9Cavite City 88.2102.899.397.199.0Batangas City 81.887.286.798.697.6Rizal96.592.692.589.383.0Quezon85.597.791.797.996.5Laguna92.7101.592.397.194.8Cavite95.697.193.592.090.0Batangas

20012000199919981997Divisions

Table 2-27 Elementary Participation RateCALABARZON Region, SY 1997-1998 to

SY 2001-2002

Source: Department of Education (DepEd) IV-A

36


of the passage of the ECCD Act. During the five-year period, DepEd organized a number of kin-dergarten classes and also encouraged the pri-vate sector to participate through service con-tracting schemes.

4.2 Cohort Survival Rates in BasicEducation

The cohort survival rate is a gauge ofthe staying power of the students in the particu-lar educational level as it indicates what percentof those who start in grade 1 actually reach thefinal grade, grade 6. Table 2-29 presents theelementary cohort survival rate inCALABARZON from SY 1996 – 1997 to SY 2000– 2001. It reflects that the highest cohort sur-vival rate was achieved in 1998 with 84.70 per-cent and the lowest in 1999 with 68.2 percent.By division, Quezon registered the lowest co-hort survival rate as of 2001 while Cavite prov-ince posted the highest with 92 percent.

A low cohort survival rate was primarilydue to dropping out from school, repetition andmeasurement errors. Some students dropped outfrom school because of diminished interest while

other students were being forced to work at anearly age (child labor). Repetition accounted foronly two percent while measurement errors mayhave been due to non-recording of students whotransferred residence. Quezon province regis-tered the highest in terms of drop-out rate, amongthe provinces, while Cavite province the lowestwith three percent. On repetition rates, Quezonwas also among the highest at 2.04 percent whileCavite registered the lowest at 0.70 percent.

Secondary cohort survival rate (CSR)which is the percentage of those who start thefirst year of high school who actually reach thefourth and final year was consistently low and ison a declining trend, i.e., from 78.2 percent inSY 1996-1997 to 75 percent in SY 2000-2001(Table 2-30). Among the school divisions, Caviteconsistently had the lowest percentage in co-hort survival while Batangas province and Rizalrecorded the highest. Data show that the region’scohort survival rate was consistently higher com-pared to the national average. The continuedlow CSR has long-term negative effects on thequality of the region’s manpower.

The main reason for the low CSR at theelementary and secondary level was the preva-

72.080.674.679.085.279.7CALABARZON

60.370.469.071.890.579.9San Pablo City 78.578.674.272.588.686.1Lucena City 92.5117.4112.093.692.593.8Lipa City 83.886.690.591.094.9100.0Cavite City 78.689.388.086.489.486.4Batangas City 58.571.532.172.883.965.0Rizal62.661.355.671.367.756.2Quezon64.277.777.180.079.176.0Laguna73.977.774.080.680.980.0Cavite66.975.573.670.384.273.5Batangas

200120001999199819971996Divisions

72.080.674.679.085.279.7CALABARZON

60.370.469.071.890.579.9San Pablo City 78.578.674.272.588.686.1Lucena City 92.5117.4112.093.692.593.8Lipa City 83.886.690.591.094.9100.0Cavite City 78.689.388.086.489.486.4Batangas City 58.571.532.172.883.965.0Rizal62.661.355.671.367.756.2Quezon64.277.777.180.079.176.0Laguna73.977.774.080.680.980.0Cavite66.975.573.670.384.273.5Batangas

200120001999199819971996Divisions

Table 2-28: Secondary Participation RateBy Division, CALABARZON Region,

SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002 (In Period)

Source: DepEd IV-A

82.783.668.284.784.083.3CALABARZON

79.076.967.882.585.382.7San Pablo City 82.885.3110.686.085.586.5Lucena City 82.483.687.886.486.183.5Lipa City 82.484.50.078.082.382.5Cavite City 82.279.784.084.384.184.5Batangas City 85.595.865.488.788.187.0Rizal75.480.369.472.072.368.0Quezon82.082.373.394.583.687.1Laguna92.083.452.689.288.387.8Cavite83.083.671.085.884.383.8Batangas200120001999199819971996Divisions

82.783.668.284.784.083.3CALABARZON

79.076.967.882.585.382.7San Pablo City 82.885.3110.686.085.586.5Lucena City 82.483.687.886.486.183.5Lipa City 82.484.50.078.082.382.5Cavite City 82.279.784.084.384.184.5Batangas City 85.595.865.488.788.187.0Rizal75.480.369.472.072.368.0Quezon82.082.373.394.583.687.1Laguna92.083.452.689.288.387.8Cavite83.083.671.085.884.383.8Batangas200120001999199819971996Divisions

Table 2-29 Elementary Cohort Survival Rate by DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to

2001-2002(In Period)

Source: DepEd IV-A


37

lence of drop-outs. CALABARZON recorded ahigh elementary drop-out rate from SY 1996 –1997 to SY 2000 – 2001 ranging from a low of4.7 percent in 1997 to 7.6 in 1998. Except forQuezon provinces, the cities have generallyhigher drop-out rates. The Survey of Children(SOC) indicated that Quezon had the highestnumber of working children.

4.3 Quality of Basic Education

The MDG target for access to basic edu-cation is easily achievable but in terms of qual-ity, it is still low as shown in the National Elemen-tary Achievement Test (NEAT) for elementaryand National Secondary Achievement Test(NSAT) for secondary. The latest NEAT data(2000), for example, recorded a 50.91 passingpercentage while the NSAT had 54.3 percent.

4.4 Basic Education Facilities andManpower

The increase in population has also re-sulted in the construction of more classroomsand school buildings to accommodate incom-ing pupils for elementary and secondary levels.Table 2-31 shows the comparison of the num-ber of schools in elementary and secondary levelfrom SY 1996 –1997 to SY 2000 – 2001. In aspan of five years, there were only 59 schoolsadded for the elementary level or a percentageincrease of 2.3 percent. Among the divisions,Rizal posted the highest increase while inLucena City there was no additional school.

74.5976.2575.3477.4978.21CALABARZON

78.2851.9271.7371.1980.74San Pablo City67.3484.5873.4973.7676.39Lucena City77.3279.9571.2475.5376.73Lipa City60.7661.1262.4165.1769.21Cavite City72.3774.2677.0583.2581.61Batangas City81.3072.7581.3683.5380.80Rizal71.6470.2174.7176.2772.11Quezon76.43104.9281.0882.0777.57Laguna72.8881.7178.2681.0579.45Cavite87.5681.0682.0383.0887.48Batangas20001999199819971996Divisions

74.5976.2575.3477.4978.21CALABARZON

78.2851.9271.7371.1980.74San Pablo City67.3484.5873.4973.7676.39Lucena City77.3279.9571.2475.5376.73Lipa City60.7661.1262.4165.1769.21Cavite City72.3774.2677.0583.2581.61Batangas City81.3072.7581.3683.5380.80Rizal71.6470.2174.7176.2772.11Quezon76.43104.9281.0882.0777.57Laguna72.8881.7178.2681.0579.45Cavite87.5681.0682.0383.0887.48Batangas20001999199819971996Divisions

Table 2-30 Secondary Cohort Survival Rate by DivisionCALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to

2000-2001 (In Percent)

Source: DepEd IV-A

CALABARZON

San Pablo City Lucena CityLipa CityCavite CityBatangas CityRizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas

Division

29.622.334422,5863412,527

14.293.178657630.000.002392390.001.5415661565

-50.008.331132127.691.2514811380

125.006.25452212020852.271.15134792887834.553.25693496633824.492.77613344932517.721.959362679614

Sec.Elem.SecondaryIncludingAnnexes

Elem. Including Annexes

SecondaryIncludingAnnexes


% ChangeSY 2001 – 2002SY 1996 – 1997

CALABARZON

San Pablo City Lucena CityLipa CityCavite CityBatangas CityRizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas

Division

29.622.334422,5863412,527

14.293.178657630.000.002392390.001.5415661565

-50.008.331132127.691.2514811380

125.006.25452212020852.271.15134792887834.553.25693496633824.492.77613344932517.721.959362679614

Sec.Elem.SecondaryIncludingAnnexes


SecondaryIncludingAnnexes


% ChangeSY 2001 – 2002SY 1996 – 1997

Table 2-31 Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary LevelCALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002

Source: DepEd IV-A

38


In the secondary level, the number ofschools showed sharp increase at 29.6 percent.By division Rizal registered the highest increaseat 125 percent followed by Quezon and Cavitewith 53 and 24 percent, respectively. One sec-ondary school closed in Cavite City while therewere no additional high schools in Lipa City andLucena City.

The modest increase in the number ofschools at the elementary level and notable in-crease at the secondary level was not sufficientto cater to the rapid increase in school-age popu-lation as shown by large classroom sizes andhigh class-classroom ratios at both levels espe-cially in the catchment areas.

Data from SY 1994-1995 to SY 2000-2001 show that the regional average of class toclassroom ratio was more than one indicatingthat there were more classes than elementaryclassrooms available. The cities have generallyhigher class-classroom ratios compared to theprovinces (Table 2-32).

The need for more classrooms is morepronounced at the secondary level given the

large volume of secondary school entrants. Froma low 1:1.13 in 1996, this increased to 1:1.30 in2000. Among the areas with more classes thanthe number of classrooms are Rizal province,Cavite City and Lucena City (Table 2-33).

While large class sizes is commonly ex-perienced in cities and highly urbanized munici-palities, a total of 155 far-flung barangays are

not served by a public elementary school(Table 2-34). Of the total elementary‘school-less’ barangays, a total of 63 or41 percent is prioritized for SY 2004 to2005 and of these, 26 have ready schoolsites. Among the divisions, Batangas prov-ince has the most number of barangaysnot served by an elementary school (23%) followed by Quezon (19 %), Cavite (15%) and Rizal (12 %). The main reason forthe non-establishment of schools in far-flung barangays is usually the small popu-lation in these areas hence establishingschools may not be cost efficient andthereby least prioritized. Usually, the re-quirement for the establishment of a schoolin terms of the number of school-age chil-dren is not met in far-flung areas. The prob-

CALABARZON

San Pablo CityLucena City Lipa City Cavite City Batangas CityRizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas

Divisions

1.051.21.191.181.131.130.945

1.01.01.041.040.980.941.001.01.11.101.091.081.171.081.01.11.071.081.001.041.051.51.91.831.821.791.61.141.01.11.061.060.991.051.011.01.51.321.331.281.271.01.01.081.061.041.041.041.01.21.101.091.051.081.051.11.11.261.131.101.081.060.91.01.051.050.991.021.02

2000199919981997199619951994

CALABARZON

San Pablo CityLucena City Lipa City Cavite City Batangas CityRizalQuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas

Divisions

1.051.21.191.181.131.130.945

1.01.01.041.040.980.941.001.01.11.101.091.081.171.081.01.11.071.081.001.041.051.51.91.831.821.791.61.141.01.11.061.060.991.051.011.01.51.321.331.281.271.01.01.081.061.041.041.041.01.21.101.091.051.081.051.11.11.261.131.101.081.060.91.01.051.050.991.021.02

2000199919981997199619951994

Table 2-32 Elementary Class-Classroom Ratio by Division, CALABARZON Region,

SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000

Source: DepEd IV-A

1.31.481.1911.321.13CALABARZON

1.11.21.041.520.98San Pablo City1.72.01.101.201.08Lucena City1.11.21.071.311.00Lipa City1.52.01.831.501.79Cavite City1.31.41.061.310.99Batangas City1.71.81.321.701.28Rizal1.11.31.081.051.04Quezon1.21.41.101.301.05Laguna1.21.41.261.161.10Cavite1.11.11.051.150.99Batangas

20001999199819971996Divisions

1.31.481.1911.321.13CALABARZON

1.11.21.041.520.98San Pablo City1.72.01.101.201.08Lucena City1.11.21.071.311.00Lipa City1.52.01.831.501.79Cavite City1.31.41.061.310.99Batangas City1.71.81.321.701.28Rizal1.11.31.081.051.04Quezon1.21.41.101.301.05Laguna1.21.41.261.161.10Cavite1.11.11.051.150.99Batangas

20001999199819971996Divisions

Table 2-33 Secondary Class-Classroom RatioBy Division, CALABARZON Region,

SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000

Source: DepEd IV-A


39

lem on establishing schools is now compoundedwith the unavailability of school sites.

At the secondary level, only one munici-pality in Laguna does not have a public second-ary school. It should be noted, however, that pri-vate secondary schools are partly subsidized bythe government through the Government Assis-tance to Private Education (GASTPE). TheGASTPE is in compliance with the Free Sec-ondary Education Act.

Given the increase in gross enrolmentby level for the past five years, the Departmentof Education (DepEd) and the Local GovernmentUnits (LGUs) have increased the number ofplantilla positions for teachers in elementary andsecondary but is still not enough to meet thegrowing enrolment. Data in SY 2001-2002 forexample show that there were 33,359 nation-ally- and locally-funded teachers in public el-ementary schools, and 12,823 in public second-ary schools. For, SY 2002-2003, the DepEd pro-jected that a total of 3,350 public elementaryschool teachers would be needed in the region.Among the school districts, Cavite Province had

registered the highest number of teachersneeded in elementary at 1,392, followed by La-guna with 827. Cavite City was the only districtwhich did not require any needed teacher forelementary (Table 2-33). The increasing partici-pation of the LGUs especially the cities and mu-nicipalities in the delivery of basic educationparticularly on hiring of teachers and not onlyon building construction and improvement isnotable. Rizal and Cavite provinces had the mostnumber of teachers funded by their city/munici-pal governments. Also to be noted is the signifi-cant contribution of the Parents, Teachers andCommunity Associations (PTCA) in the provi-sion of primary education.

For the secondary level, CALABARZONas of SY 2002 – 2003 needed 2,304 teachersidentifying the province of Laguna as having thehighest requirement at 505. Batangas City hadthe least number of needed secondary teach-ers at 7 (Table 2-34). On the source of funding,Batangas had the most number of teachersfunded by the LGU while there were no reportson LGU funded-teachers for Laguna and thecities of Cavite, Lipa and San Pablo.

12663155CALABARZON

0000San Pablo City0112Lucena City0000Lipa City0111Cavite City0110Batangas City01419Rizal07730Quezon1227Laguna071124Cavite063672Batangas

No. of Brgys. not Served by HSWith ready School Site

Priority Brgys. for Establishment of ES

No. of Brgys. not served by an ESDivisions

12663155CALABARZON

0000San Pablo City0112Lucena City0000Lipa City0111Cavite City0110Batangas City01419Rizal07730Quezon1227Laguna071124Cavite063672Batangas

No. of Brgys. not Served by HSWith ready School Site

Priority Brgys. for Establishment of ES

No. of Brgys. not served by an ESDivisions

Table 2-34 Number of Barangays without Public Elementary Schools (ES) and Municipalities without Public High Schools (HS)

CALABARZON Region, SY 2004

Source: DepEd IV-A

40


16926005200003871San Pablo City7868100017664Lucena City11784060778Lipa City0456456Cavite City81,0506417969Batangas City

6645,023441984,825Rizal2416,898125126,825Quezon8275,3595,359Laguna

1,3926,0132617445,806Cavite1136,1693606,109Batangas

3,35033,35931218600263226732,662CALABARZON

DivisionRegionMun/CityProv'l.

OthersVolun-teer

PTCAFunded

DECS FundedLGU

Funded

UNDER SEF TeacherNeeds

GrandTotal

LOCALLY FUNDED TEACHERSNat.Funded

Teachers(MT/T)

DIVISION

16926005200003871San Pablo City7868100017664Lucena City11784060778Lipa City0456456Cavite City81,0506417969Batangas City

6645,023441984,825Rizal2416,898125126,825Quezon8275,3595,359Laguna

1,3926,0132617445,806Cavite1136,1693606,109Batangas

3,35033,35931218600263226732,662CALABARZON

DivisionRegionMun/CityProv'l.

OthersVolun-teer

PTCAFunded

DECS FundedLGU

Funded


GrandTotal


Teachers(MT/T)

DIVISION

Table 2-35 Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers in Public Elementary SchoolsCALABARZON Region, 2002-2003

Source: DepEd IV-A Annual Report 2002

203291291San Pablo City4638322361Lucena City

735500000000355Lipa City13248248Cavite City

749810488Batangas City4991,9612851,676Rizal2562,208175141532,055Quezon5051,9921,992Laguna4192,79573952,690Cavite3492,0923241,768Batangas

2,30412,82311451006531582211,924CALABARZON

DivisioRegionMun/CityProv'l.

OthersVolun-teer

PTCAFunded

DECS FundedLGU

Funded


GrandTotal


Teachers(MT/T)

DIVISION

203291291San Pablo City4638322361Lucena City

735500000000355Lipa City13248248Cavite City

749810488Batangas City4991,9612851,676Rizal2562,208175141532,055Quezon5051,9921,992Laguna4192,79573952,690Cavite3492,0923241,768Batangas

2,30412,82311451006531582211,924CALABARZON

DivisioRegionMun/CityProv'l.

OthersVolun-teer

PTCAFunded

DECS FundedLGU

Funded


GrandTotal


Teachers(MT/T)

DIVISION

Table 2-36 Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers in Public Secondary SchoolsCALABARZON Region, 2002-2003

Source: DepEd IV-A Annual Report 2002


41

The most important factor that affectsstudent learning is the teacher hence there is aneed not only to meet the desired number butalso to improve their effectiveness. A compre-hensive training program for teachers should beput in place to address this concern.

Despite the effort of the government toprovide additional teachers, the trend inteacher-pupil ratio which measures the ad-equacy of teachers in relation to the pupil/stu-dent population showed that the provision ofteacher item position cannot cope with the rapidincrease in pupil/student population. Data fromSY 1994-1995 to SY 2000-2001 show thatteacher-pupil ratio at the elementary level is onan upward trend but not very far from the stan-dard ratio of 1:40. It shall be pointed out, how-ever, that wide variations exists within the divi-sions with some highly urbanized regions post-ing teacher-pupil ratio of 1:70 while other far-flung areas have less than 40 per teacher(Table 2-37).

For the secondary level, an increasingpattern similar with the elementary level wasobserved. San Pablo City and Rizal provinceshowed the highest teacher-pupil ratio whileBatangas City and Lucena City showed betterratios, lower than the ideal of 1:40 (Table 2-38).Lucena City and Batangas City are among thehighest in terms of NSAT result.

One factor which may have a direct ef-fect in the teacher-pupil ratio is the continuousincrease in population, whether through naturalincrease or migration. Another factor is the scar-city of funds which makes it difficult to hire addi-tional new teachers in the region. This case isparallel to the conclusion observed in the Sec-ondary Class-Classroom Ratio.

The contribution to student’s learningthrough the use of textbooks is equally impor-tant as meeting the teacher-pupil ratio. Text-books provide information to students at homeand in school. Given the present data on thenumber of textbooks in the region,

44.445.141.941.1CALABARZON

38383635San Pablo City

46484745Lucena City

43444038Lipa City

36353534Cavite City

38403736Batangas City

55585248Rizal

47473948Quezon

50504645Laguna

52525045Cavite

39393737Batangas

2000199819961994Divisions

44.445.141.941.1CALABARZON


46484745Lucena City

43444038Lipa City

36353534Cavite City


55585248Rizal

47473948Quezon

50504645Laguna

52525045Cavite

39393737Batangas

2000199819961994Divisions

Table 2-37 Primary Teacher-Pupil Ratio by Division

CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 2000-2001 (In Percent)

Source: DepEd IV-A

44.640.838.438.439.1CALABARZON


3936343335Lucena City

4239373837Lipa City

2828292726Cavite City


6558534848Rizal

4239373752Quezon

4944374040Laguna

4239353835Cavite

4540363935Batangas

20012000199919981997Divisions

44.640.838.438.439.1CALABARZON


3936343335Lucena City

4239373837Lipa City

2828292726Cavite City


6558534848Rizal

4239373752Quezon

4944374040Laguna

4239353835Cavite

4540363935Batangas

20012000199919981997Divisions

Table 2-38 Secondary Teacher-Pupil Ratio by Division

CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2000-2001 (In Percent)

Source: DepEd IV-A

42


CALABARZON encounters difficulty in meetingthe standard ratio of 1:1 or one textbook perpupil for all grade levels in elementary. Accord-ing to the current data, Grade 1 level had themost shortage of textbooks in the region at133,427. Among the school districts, BatangasCity is the only school district that was able toprovide an adequate number of textbooks forall grade levels in elementary. The province ofQuezon, on the other hand, has the most num-ber of shortages for all grade levels.

Many of the schools in the region alsoexperienced shortage in arm chairs, laboratoryand other learning devices. Other schools alsocomplained of antiquated instruments for Sci-ence and other subjects with laboratory orpracticum.

4.5 Culture and Moral Values

Another concern in the education sectoris that children seem to have low appreciationof their own culture and traditional values. It isin this light that values education and culturalappreciation have to be reinforced at all levels.

5. Social Welfare

Social Development is not only definedas the provision of programs and services suchas education, health and nutrition, electrification,housing and potable water to people. What con-stitutes Social Development is the impact of pro-grams and services delivered to people.

The Social Welfare Sector is an impor-tant component of Social Development. It com-prises five subsectors which are also consid-ered vulnerable groups in society. Measuring theimpact of programs and services in the SocialWelfare Sector is not an easy task as it dealswith its subsectors which present different con-cerns. The subsectors of the Social WelfareSector are: 1) children, 2) women, 3) youth, 4)

persons with disabilities, and 5) older persons.

The Department of Social Welfare andDevelopment (DSWD) is the lead agency in at-tending to the concerns of the five subsectors.Through the agency’s programs and services,different concerns presented by the fivesubsectors are continuously being addressed.

For the past four years, DSWD has pro-vided different programs and services to affectedindividuals, groups and families of the fivesubsectors. For children alone, services requiredfrom the department ranged from children thatwere abandoned by their families to victims ofchild labor.

In 2000, programs and services for ne-glected children were mostly utilized by DSWD.However, in 2003 most programs and servicesrequested from or implemented by the depart-ment were for children that were in conflict withthe law. Many services pertaining to abandon-ment, neglect, rape, incest, and act of lascivi-ousness were also implemented during a pe-riod of four years.

3161011Victims of Child Labor

54757794Children in Conflict with the law

7151453Physically abused/ maltreated/battered

7425Victims of Prostitution

9251523Act of Lasciviousness

28192527Incest

34426954Rape

479647109Neglected

69794884Abandoned

Children

2003200220012000Services Provided

3161011Victims of Child Labor

54757794Children in Conflict with the law


7425Victims of Prostitution

9251523Act of Lasciviousness

28192527Incest

34426954Rape

479647109Neglected

69794884Abandoned

Children


Table 2-39 Abused Children Provided with Services, CALABARZON, 2000-2003

Source: DSWD IV-A, 2004


43

Likewise, table 2-39 shows that for thepast four years, demand for services varied fromneglected children to abandoned children. In2003 abandoned children obtained the highestnumber of services provided by DSWD IV-A whichwas only second to neglected children in 2002.

For the youth, most of the programs andservices delivered or implemented were catego-rized for youths that were released on recogni-zance for a period of four years. 2002 was theyear with the most number of youth released onrecognizance served. Other services requestedwere for custody supervision and mediation ordiversion. (Table 2-40)

It is notable that the number of womenserved under the different categories was quitelow. This could be attributed to the low reportingor non-reporting of such cases at the local level.Furthermore, some interventions have been pro-vided at the local level through the interventionof devolved social workers and other agencies.

Services for Persons with Disabilities(PWDs) decreased from 2002 to 2003. How-ever, it could be noted that 2003 showed a slightincrease for extended assistance to PWDs com-paring it to 2001 and 2002. It was in 2000 whenmany PWDs requested for extended assistance.(Table 2-42)

The number of senior citizens providedwith services have decreased in the past fouryears. It was in 2000 that many senior citizenswere served, while the lowest was registered in2003.

Services provided to women who werephysically abused, maltreated and batteredwere high in 2003. This has been consistentfor the past three years (CY 2001 – CY 2003).Services for rape victims followed abuse cases.(Table 2-41)

5.1 Social Welfare Facilities

The demand for program and servicespresented by the five sub-sectors has led to theestablishment of Social Welfare facilities in theregion. These facilities will help clientele copewith their existing negative condition, among oth-ers, on protection, rehabilitation, assistance andcare-giving programs and services.

Most of these facilities are either oper-ated by the DSWD, or Non-Government Orga-nizations (NGOs). On the other hand, Local

25715Mediation/Diversion10151812Custody Supervision85928975Release on Recognizance

Youth2003200220012000Services Provided

25715Mediation/Diversion10151812Custody Supervision85928975Release on Recognizance

Youth2003200220012000Services Provided

Table 2-40 Youth Offenders Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region , 2000-2003


11Women in Detention

3111Victims of Illegal Recruitment


2958Incest5151221Rape

Women2003200220012000Services Provided

11Women in Detention

3111Victims of Illegal Recruitment


2958Incest5151221Rape

Women2003200220012000Services Provided

Table 2-41 Abused Women Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region ,

2000-2003


878574176PWDs extended assistance

25333755Senior Citizens assisted

PWDS


878574176PWDs extended assistance

25333755Senior Citizens assisted

PWDS


Table 2-42 Number of Persons with Disabilities and Senior Citizens Provided

with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003


44


Government Units (LGUs) are also encouragedto establish such facilities since they are man-dated to provide social welfare services to con-stituents under the Local Government Code.

5.2 Institutions

As provided by the Child and Youth Wel-fare Code or PD 603, Regional RehabilitationCenters for youthful offenders shall be estab-lished to rehabilitate them and eventually leadthem to becoming productive citizens in the fu-ture. Likewise, the code also states that childrenwho have been abused or neglected should beprovided protective services or shelter whetherby relatives or the State to guide and help themin their rehabilitation form the situation they haveexperienced.

In the implementation of the Child andYouth Welfare Code, the DSWD, being the pri-mary government agency which provides socialwelfare services established three social wel-fare facilities in CALABARZON. These are the:1) National Training School for Boys (NTSB), 2)Bahay Tuluyan (Home for Girls), and 3) RegionalHaven for Women.

The NTSB is a youth-caring institutionprimarily established to care, protect, rehabili-tate and promote the interest and welfare of malechildren in conflict with the law with ages overnine but below 18 years old, committed by court.This is located in Tanay, Rizal.

The Bahay Tuluyan (Home for Girls) onthe other hand is a residential rehabilitation fa-cility for girls below 18 years old who are underespecially difficult circumstances. It is found inDasmarinas, Cavite.

The Regional Haven for Women is foundin Rosario, Batangas. The Institution caters towomen age 18-59 years who are: a) victims ofinvoluntary or forced prostitution, b) victims of

illegal recruitment, c) battered or abused, d) vic-tims of armed conflict, and e) in detention.

The Haven aims to enable their clien-tele to resolve their problems and restore theirnormal psycho-social functioning, thus regain-ing their self-worth and dignity through protec-tive and rehabilitative services.

5.3 Other Social Welfare Facilities andInstitutions

The DSWD Facilities are complementedby institutions/facilities operated by NGOs andLGUs. These institutions/facilities cater to: 1)children, youth and women that are in need ofspecial protection and shelter, 2) individuals,families and communities that are in need of live-lihood programs and are in depressed areas,and 3) individuals (children, youth and elderly)who are disabled or handicapped.

6. Housing

The adequacy of housing may be as-sessed through the housing backlog, or the num-ber of dwelling units needed at the beginning ofthe planning period due to doubled-up house-holds, displaced units and homeless house-holds. Doubled-up households is the ratio ofhousehold to occupied housing units given thenorm of one housing unit to one household.

For CALABARZON, data since 1960 re-vealed that doubled-up households do not showa consistent pattern suggesting that the con-struction of new housing units is tied with socio-economic conditions. However, recent data forthe region show that households to occupiedhousing units ratio slightly improved from 103households per 100 housing units in 1990 to 102in 2000. This means that for every 100 units oc-cupied, only two households are sharing one unitwith another household. The improvement wasmainly accounted for by municipalities located


45

outside the catchment areas especially inQuezon province validating the de-urbanizationpattern in the province. The catchment areashad higher prevalence of doubled-up householdin 2000 although the average for the two areasin 1990 was the same. Rizal province had thehighest prevalence of doubled-up households(Table 2-43).

ratio is higher in catchment areas, the oppositewas observed in the non-catchment areas. Thisindicates larger family sizes in rural comparedto urban areas. Batangas province has the mostnumber of persons per housing unit. Rizal hasthe least. Quezon and Batangas have the low-est percentage of population living in urban ar-eas while Rizal is almost 100 percent urban.

There are no exact figures on the level ofhomelessness in the region but preliminary datagathered by the DSWD showed an increasingincidence particularly in highly urbanized areas.Other indicators on the housing structures andpresence of important utilities showed that hous-ing in the region also needs special attention.

Construction Materials of Roofand Outerwalls of OccupiedHousing Units

If the construction materials of the outerwalls and roof of occupied dwelling units are tobe used as basis of the quality of housing units,the quality of housing units in the region signifi-cantly improved from 1990 to 2000. The pro-

portion of occupied hous-ing units with durable outerwalls was up by 14 percentfrom 72.6 percent in 1990while housing units with du-rable roof increased by 12percent in 2000 from 77percent in 1990. Outerwalls considered durableare those madeup of (a)Concrete, brick, stone andwood; (b) Half concrete/brick/stone and half wood;and, (c) galvanized Iron/aluminum. For durableroof, the following con-struction materials are con-sidered: (a) GalvanizedIron/Aluminum; (b) Tile/

1.021.031.011.071.12REGION IV-A

1.031.041.011.301.24Rizal1.011.021.011.111.13Quezon1.021.041.001.031.16Laguna1.021.021.001.011.17Cavite1.021.021.011.021.12Batangas20001990198019701960Provinces

1.021.031.011.071.12REGION IV-A

1.031.041.011.301.24Rizal1.011.021.011.111.13Quezon1.021.041.001.031.16Laguna1.021.021.001.011.17Cavite1.021.021.011.021.12Batangas20001990198019701960Provinces

Table 2-43 Households to Occupied Housing Units

CALABARZON Region, 1960-2000

Source of Basic Data: Census of Population and Housing

The average number of persons perhousing unit decreased from 5.4 in 1990 to 4.9in 2000 (Table 2-44) reflecting slight decline infamily sizes. While household to housing unit

5.010.985.341.032. OTHER AREAS4.891.035.361.04* Northern Rizal Cluster4.891.225.241.03* San Pablo City-Metro Lucena4.771.025.321.04* Western Laguna Cluster 5.001.025.441.01* Tagaytay-Silang Cluster4.781.025.311.03* Central Cavite Cluster4.911.035.271.02* Northern Cavite Cluster5.291.015.731.02* Metro Lipa5.071.025.471.03* Metro Batangas4.911.045.361.031. CATCHMENT AREAS4.941.025.351.03CALABARZON

HH Population

to OccupiedHus

HHs to Occupied

HUs

HH Population

to OccupiedHUs

HHs to Occupied

HUs

20001990

Areas

5.010.985.341.032. OTHER AREAS4.891.035.361.04* Northern Rizal Cluster4.891.225.241.03* San Pablo City-Metro Lucena4.771.025.321.04* Western Laguna Cluster 5.001.025.441.01* Tagaytay-Silang Cluster4.781.025.311.03* Central Cavite Cluster4.911.035.271.02* Northern Cavite Cluster5.291.015.731.02* Metro Lipa5.071.025.471.03* Metro Batangas4.911.045.361.031. CATCHMENT AREAS4.941.025.351.03CALABARZON

HH Population

to OccupiedHus

HHs to Occupied

HUs

HH Population

to OccupiedHUs

HHs to Occupied

HUs

20001990

Areas

Table 2-44 Household Population of Occupied Housing Units by Type of Building and City/Municipality, 1990-200

Source: NSO-CPH

46

concrete/clay tile; and, (c) Half galvanized Ironand half concrete.

Construction materials of housing unitsin catchment areas are better compared withHUs in non-catchment areas as shown by the92 percent of the HUs in catchment areas haddurable outer walls while 90 percent had durableroof. In contrast with the non-catchment areas,only 77 percent HUs had durable outer wall while87 percent had durable roof. The percentageincrease in durability of housing construction ma-terials is much higher in non-catchment areascompared with catchment areas.

The percentage of housing units ownedor being amortized has decreased substantiallyfrom 82 percent in 2000 to 54.6 percent in 2000.In contrast, the HUs being rented, occupied forfree with consent of the owner, occupied for free

without consent of the owner increased (Table2-45). Unexpectedly, tenurial problems seemto be more pronounced in the non-catchmentareas with 47.1 percent not having secured ten-ure compared with the catchment areas thatposted 44 percent. The percentage HUs beingrented is however higher in catchment areas (15%) compared with the noncatchment areas (9%). The percentage of HUs being occupied withpermission of the owner is much higher in thenon-catchment areas while the opposite is ob-served for the HUs being occupied without con-sent of the owners.

Expectedly, Quezon registered the low-est percentage of HUs being amortized whileBatangas posted the highest with 59.4 percent.The provinces which host the most number ofsubdivisions had the highest percentage of HUsbeing rented.


6.764.2219.7714.4254.83356,578Rizal6.161.9542.129.0440.73299,662Quezon5.743.0121.1814.4855.60417,932Laguna6.522.5915.8216.2558.82428,879Cavite5.051.5428.555.4459.42374,767Batangas6.162.2629.699.0352.86855,743* OTHER AREAS5.943.0320.1614.8556.021,022,075* CATCHMENT AREAS6.042.6824.5012.2054.581,877,818CALABARZON

20000.639.5312.9376.91189,190Rizal0.1912.445.0882.29265,762Quezon0.0910.4110.6178.88269,342Laguna0.177.0611.0381.75222,151Cavite0.098.593.7087.63272,116Batangas0.1011.223.9484.73499,371* OTHER AREAS0.288.6411.3279.75719,190* CATCHMENT AREAS0.219.708.3081.791,218,561CALABARZON

1990

Not reported

Being Occupied forFree w/o Consent

Of the Owner

Being Occupied forFree with Consent of

the Owner Rented

Owned orBeing

amortized

TENURE STATUS OF THE HOUSING UNIT (%)TotalHouseholdsin Occupied

Hus

Areas

6.764.2219.7714.4254.83356,578Rizal6.161.9542.129.0440.73299,662Quezon5.743.0121.1814.4855.60417,932Laguna6.522.5915.8216.2558.82428,879Cavite5.051.5428.555.4459.42374,767Batangas6.162.2629.699.0352.86855,743* OTHER AREAS5.943.0320.1614.8556.021,022,075* CATCHMENT AREAS6.042.6824.5012.2054.581,877,818CALABARZON

20000.639.5312.9376.91189,190Rizal0.1912.445.0882.29265,762Quezon0.0910.4110.6178.88269,342Laguna0.177.0611.0381.75222,151Cavite0.098.593.7087.63272,116Batangas0.1011.223.9484.73499,371* OTHER AREAS0.288.6411.3279.75719,190* CATCHMENT AREAS0.219.708.3081.791,218,561CALABARZON

1990

Not reported

Being Occupied forFree w/o Consent

Of the Owner

Being Occupied forFree with Consent of

the Owner Rented

Owned orBeing

amortized

TENURE STATUS OF THE HOUSING UNIT (%)TotalHouseholdsin Occupied

Hus

Areas

Table 2-45 Household in Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status of the Housing Unit(Figures are estimates based on a 10% sample)

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

Source: NSO-CPH


47

Being a mainland region,CALABARZON is dominated by a road-basedtransport system, particularly major nationalroads connecting primary and secondary urbancenters. Among these major roads are:

ippine Highway, the country’s maintrunkline linking north and south.)

The Manila East Road links Rizal start-ing from Cainta toward the municipali-ties of Laguna and Quezon.

Aguinaldo Highway, Molino Road,Calamba-Tagaytay Road and Sta.Rosa-Tagaytay Road are main routesto Cavite.

E. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Roads

Southern Tagalog Access Road (STAR)

The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX)which is the main backbone connect-ing Manila toCalamba City passingthrough Carmona, San Pedro, Biñan,Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao.

The Manila-Batangas Road connect-ing Calamba and Batangas Citythrough Lipa City.

The newly built 22-kilometer South-ern Tagalog Access Road (STAR), afast alternative route from Sto. Tomas,Batangas to Lipa City and BatangasCity. The Manila South Road (MSR)links Calamba City and continues to-ward Quezon in the south up to theBicol Region. (The MSR forms partof the Maharlika Highway or PAN-Phil-

The proximity of Region IV-A to the NCRhas generated a heavy traffic volume particularlyin urban centers where regional and provincialtrips for passengers, commodities and vehiclesare high. These areas have been identifiedthrough the Origin-Destination (OD) survey con-tained in the Master Plan on the Luzon IslandStrategic Road Development Network (LISR),series of 2001. For provincial trips, the highestgenerators for passenger trips are Cavite, La-guna and Batangas. Commodity trips are high-est in Batangas and Quezon with NCR as themain attractor. For inter-region trips, passenger

48



49

movement is highest in Re-gion IV-A, followed by RegionIII and NCR. For intra-regionalcommodity trips, Region IV-Ais second to Region III. Forcommodity group trips, move-ments for manufacturing prod-ucts are most prevalent inRegion IV-A, Region III andNCR. Mineral products includ-ing petrol have the most intra-region trips in Region IV-A.

Vehicle registration inthe region has doubled from296,512 in 1996 to 560,196 in2002. This means an averageannual growth rate of 9.57percent. Registration in 2002comprised of 409,752 private, 146,086 for hireand 4,358 government vehicles. With these fig-ures, the increase in vehicles in the region, asthose of the rest of the country, is seen to con-tinue. (Figure 2-12)

The road system, particularly the two-lanenational roads, has been designed for traffic vol-ume below 10,000 veh/day. Congestion occurswhen traffic exceeded this volume. Traffic vol-ume is highest in the Laguna section of the SouthLuzon Expressway with more than 50,000 An-nual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) in various sec-tions and more than 10,000 on national roadsgoing to urban centers (Table 2-46). The 1999traffic level was taken from actual counts andcompared with forecasts in the LISR Study.

In general, the road requirement de-pends on land area and population. One of theindicators being used to assess road adequacyis road density. The region’s overall road net-work as of year 2000, measured 11, 510.78 ki-lometers comprising 2,288.74 kilometers of na-tional road and 9,222.03 kilometers of localroads. This translates into a road density of 0.71

km/sq. km. which is higher than the nationalaverage of 0.60 km/sq. km. The standard roaddensity in relation to land area is 1 km/sq. km.Cavite and Batangas have road densities abovethe standard, Laguna and Rizal are slightly be-low the standard while Quezon has the lowestat 0.26. In terms of the road density in relation

Figure 2-12 Growth of Registered VehiclesCALABARZON Region, 1995-2002

46,227.00 Pasig-Binangonan21,040.00 Marikina-Infanta20,013.00 Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay18,193.00 Calamba-Tagaytay17,675.00 Dasmarinas-Tagaytay19,443.00 Bacoor-Dasamarinas17,381.00

Mla South Road (San Pedro-Calamba)

18,099.00 Sto. Tomas-Batangas Road51,000.00 Cabuyao-Calamba56,111.00 Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao68,355.00 Carmona-Sta. Rosa

South Luzon ExpresswayAADTRoad Name

46,227.00 Pasig-Binangonan21,040.00 Marikina-Infanta20,013.00 Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay18,193.00 Calamba-Tagaytay17,675.00 Dasmarinas-Tagaytay19,443.00 Bacoor-Dasamarinas17,381.00

Mla South Road (San Pedro-Calamba)

18,099.00 Sto. Tomas-Batangas Road51,000.00 Cabuyao-Calamba56,111.00 Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao68,355.00 Carmona-Sta. Rosa

South Luzon ExpresswayAADTRoad Name

Table 2-46 Estimated ADDT (<10,000)Traffic Level, 1999

Source: DPWH LISR Study

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

No

. of

Veh

icle

s

50


to population, Quezon fared well at 1.23 km/1000 population while Rizal has the lowest roaddensity at 0.67 km/1000 population.

The region’s total road network stillneeds much improvement and upgrading sinceonly 44 percent are paved. The paved road ra-tio shows the percentage of paved road and alsoindicates how much of the road network is to beimproved. Laguna has the highest paved roadratio at 0.66 while Quezon has the lowest at 0.26.Road densities and paved road ratio are shownin Table 2-47.

On bridges, there are about 15,506 lin-eal meters of bridges along the national road inthe region as of 2000. Of these, 93 percent arepermanent structures while the remaining 7 per-cent are still temporary or bailey/timber bridges.

Ports

There are 146 existing ports in theCALABARZON Region. These consist of 52 fish-ing ports, 33 feeder ports, 37 private commer-cial ports and 24 public commercial ports.Feeder and public commercial ports are ownedand operated by the government to serve the

Passenger boarding bridge (Batangas Port Phase I)

Berthing facility in Batangas Port (Phase I)

0.210.602.64201,994.12Philippines-7.310.474,631.60NCR-0.831.9015,245.23 Region III

0.440.711.2311,510.78CALABARZON0.570.870.671,138.10Rizal0.260.412.143,589.81Quezon0.660.970.861,696.56Laguna0.561.290.801,658.13Cavite0.411.081.803,428.18Batangas

Paved RoadRatio

DENSITY PER LAND AREA (KM/SQ.KM.)

DENSITY PER 1000POPULATION

TOTAL ROADLENGTH (KM)

PROVINCE

0.210.602.64201,994.12Philippines-7.310.474,631.60NCR-0.831.9015,245.23 Region III

0.440.711.2311,510.78CALABARZON0.570.870.671,138.10Rizal0.260.412.143,589.81Quezon0.660.970.861,696.56Laguna0.561.290.801,658.13Cavite0.411.081.803,428.18Batangas

Paved RoadRatio

DENSITY PER LAND AREA (KM/SQ.KM.)

DENSITY PER 1000POPULATION

TOTAL ROADLENGTH (KM)

PROVINCE

Table 2-47 Road Densities and Paved Ratio by ProvinceCALABARZON Region, 2000

Source of Basic Data: DPWH CO


51

needs of the general public. Fishing ports areeither owned/operated by the government or pri-vate entities constructed primarily to serve thefishing industry. The private commercial portswhich are owned and operated by private enti-ties are constructed primarily to serve the needsof the owner. Table 2-48 shows the distributionof ports per province. Ports located in Batangas,Cavite, Laguna and Quezon are seaports whileports located in Rizal and Laguna are withinLaguna de Bay.

Major port activities are derived from arobust demand for commodities, manufacturingand construction materials handling as well asdevelopments in the agriculture sector.

Batangas Port in Batangas City, whichis considered as one of the major ports of entryin the Philippines, has consistently posted thehighest record in shipping, passenger and cargomovements. It has occupied the topmost posi-tion in the total cargo haul followed by the NorthHarbor in Manila. In passenger handling, it islisted as second to Manila’s North Harbor.

From 1998 to 2002. shipcalls, cargo andpassengers movements registered averageannual growth rates of 3.23 percent, 5.94 per-cent and 10.97 percent, respectively. There weresimultaneous increases in all port movements inyear 2000 when Phase I of the Batangas Port

Development Project was completed. In 2001, adecrease in all port movements was experiencedbut in 2002, passenger traffic went up to as muchas 24 percent. The port was planned to be fullydeveloped as an international container portcomplementing port of Manila. With the ongoingconstruction of the Phase II project, it is expectedto further respond to the increasing demands bothwithin the region and from neighboring regions.

Aside from Batangas Port, Siain Port inQuezon and Bauan Port in Batangas are underthe PPA Port System . Two other ports - theLucena Port in Lucena City and Calatagan Portin Calatagan, Batangas - are being developedas roll-on roll-off terminal ports. Calatagan Portis being developed as a sister port of LubangPort. The new port link is envisioned to be part ofthe Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH).

Airports

The airport system in CALABARZON isnot extensive due to the region’s proximity toMetro Manila where the Ninoy Aquino Interna-tional Airport (NAIA) is located. The region’s air-port system caters only to general aviation typeof operation. General aviation is typically de-scribed as all aviation other than scheduled com-mercial flights and military aviation such as un-scheduled commercial operations, corporateflight operations and private aviation.

1213424373352146CALABARZON64016642046Quezon

0360226836Rizal370001010Laguna2411046Cavite

14772831048BatangasPublicPrivate

Non-OperationalOperational

CommercialFeederFishing

StatusClassificationTotalProvince

1213424373352146CALABARZON64016642046Quezon

0360226836Rizal370001010Laguna2411046Cavite

14772831048BatangasPublicPrivate

Non-OperationalOperational

CommercialFeederFishing

StatusClassificationTotalProvince

Table 2-48 Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification and Status CALABARZON Region, 1999

Source: NSCB

52


As of 2000, there are onlyeight (8) existing and operationalairports in the region as shown inTable 4. These are classified intofour (4) private, three (3) feeder(public) airports and one (1) militaryairport. Majority of these airportsare located in Quezon with two (2)feeder airports (1 public, 1 private)in Polillo Island, and one (1) feederairport each in Lucena, Alabat, andPagbilao (private). Batangas hastwo (2) private airports located in Calatagan andTanauan.

Aircaft and passenger movements inJomalig Airport have declined since 1996 to 2000while its cargo traffic went down by 91 percentin year 2000. Likewise, Lucena Airport has reg-istered its highest passenger traffic in 1998 andwent down to zero in year 2000. Only 6 aircraftmovements were registered in 2000.

The Fernando Airbase in Lipa City is be-ing considered for conversion into a joint mili-tary-civil airport facility. The Manila InternationalAirport Authority (MIAA) has considered it asone of the possible relocation sites for the NAIA

general aviation operations along with other air-ports like Sangley in Cavite and DiosdadoMacapagal International Airport (formerly Clark)in Region III.

Railways

The PNR has two operational lines thattraverse Laguna and Quezon, namely, the long-distance Passenger Service (Manila-Legazpi) andthe Commuter Service (Manila-Calamba City).The two train services utilize a common trackwhich has a total length of 480 kilometers. Thenon-operational or abandoned line is the CalambaCity to Batangas route. The ROW of both opera-tional and non-operational lines have been pro-

liferated by informal settlers.

For the past fiveyears, the passenger trafficof the long distance servicehas continually declined from540,914 ridership in 1999 to240,472 ridership in 2003.On the other hand, the rider-ship of the commuter serviceincreased after it was im-proved and modernized in1995. But the facilities havedeteriorated due to poormaintenance, and again rid-ership has declined.

MilitaryBatangas (Lipa City)Fernando Airbase8.PrivateBatangas (Calatagan)Calatagan -HAD Bigas7.PrivateQuezon (Polillo Island)Tordesillas (Balesin)6.PrivateQuezon (Pagbilao)Pagbilao Grande Island5.PrivateBatangas (Tanauan)Manni W. Barradas4.Feeder Quezon (Lucena City)Lucena3.Feeder Quezon (Polillo IslandJomalig2.Feeder Quezon (Alabat)Alabat1.

ClassificationLocationAirport

MilitaryBatangas (Lipa City)Fernando Airbase8.PrivateBatangas (Calatagan)Calatagan -HAD Bigas7.PrivateQuezon (Polillo Island)Tordesillas (Balesin)6.PrivateQuezon (Pagbilao)Pagbilao Grande Island5.PrivateBatangas (Tanauan)Manni W. Barradas4.Feeder Quezon (Lucena City)Lucena3.Feeder Quezon (Polillo IslandJomalig2.Feeder Quezon (Alabat)Alabat1.

ClassificationLocationAirport

Table 2-49 Inventory of Airports as of 30 June 2000

Informal settlers (squatters) proliferate in the ROW of PNR lines.


53

Communications

In the early 1990s, the communicationsubsector was faced with slow growth due tothe low investments in the 1980s. To addressthis problem, the government allowed the en-try of more players through the liberalization/deregulation policy to foster a more competi-tive environment in the industry. As the yearspassed, more policies, programs and projectswere implemented in pursuit of public accessto improved communication facilities and ser-vices.

Telecommunications

Telephone

Telephone services in the region areprovided mainly by 17 private telephone com-panies, with Philippine Long Distance Telecom-munication (PLDT), Digital Telecommunications(DIGITEL) and Philippine Telegraph and Tele-phone Company (PT&T) having the largestarea coverage and to a limited extent by thegovernment thru the Telecommunications Of-fice (Telof).

As reforms in the telecommunicationssector were instituted, services improved. Thetelephone density (teledensity) is the numberof telephone lines per 100 persons. The region’s

45.89%475,1991,035,52441.36%397,668961,571CALABARZON46.55%103,164221,63253.33%103,391193,862Rizal65.11%40,56162,29657.42%37,30464,972Quezon45.76%117,232256,17446.45%98,730212,557Laguna42.11%124,904296,61633.06%97,590295,220Cavite44.94%89,338198,80631.11%60,653194,960Batangas

Percent Subscribed

Subscribed Line

Installed Line

Percent Subscribed

Subscribed Line

Installed Lines

PROVINCE20021999

45.89%475,1991,035,52441.36%397,668961,571CALABARZON46.55%103,164221,63253.33%103,391193,862Rizal65.11%40,56162,29657.42%37,30464,972Quezon45.76%117,232256,17446.45%98,730212,557Laguna42.11%124,904296,61633.06%97,590295,220Cavite44.94%89,338198,80631.11%60,653194,960Batangas

Percent Subscribed

Subscribed Line

Installed Line

Percent Subscribed

Subscribed Line

Installed Lines

PROVINCE20021999

Table 2-50 Installed Telephone Lines VS. Subscribed Telephone Lines1999 and 2002

Source: NTC

Figure 2-13 Teledensity by Province, 2002

teledensity (subscribed) in 2002 is 11.11(Figure2-13). Of the five provinces in the region, Quezonhas the lowest teledensity at 3.71. The numberof installed lines increased from 961,571 in 1999to 1,035,524 in 2002 (see Table 2-42). But againin Quezon, no new installed lines were recorded.The region’s subscribed lines also increased by4.53 percent.

In Table 2-50, subscribed telephone lines(demand) fell short of in-stalled telephone lines(supply) both in 1999 andin 2002. Only 41.36 per-cent and 45.89 percent ofthe installed lines in theregion were subscribed in1999 and 2002, respec-tively. One cause of un-der subscription may bethe lack of affordability totelecommunication ser-vices, particularly amonglow-income households

54


living in the rural areas.Also, in Figure 2-14, therewas a marked decrease intelephone density from13.36 to 11.11.

Cellular MobileTelephone Service (CMTS)

In general, the cel-lular mobile telephone ser-vice has been steadilygrowing at a rapid pacesince the deregulation ofthe sector in the early 90s.This is due not only to lowteledensity, economicgrowth, etc., but duelargely to increased sub-scriber base attributed tothe popularity of the shortmessage service (morepopularly known as textmessaging) system, par-ticularly among young cellular phone users. Allprovinces have access to CMTS, but this doesnot hold true for all municipalities.

Power Sub-Sector

Generating Capacity

The strategic location of CALABARZONprovinces and their potential for power genera-tion have been fully utilized by the power sectorin the manner that it feeds to the Luzon Gridsystem. Major power plants have been locatedin the CALABARZON area for 20 years or evenearlier. It was also the prime location for powerplants built mostly through private sector initia-tive in response to the power crisis that the coun-try faced in 1992 and 1993. It was then that theprivate sector was vigorously invited to investand participate in power generation to acceler-ate capacity augmentation.

In 2002, CALABARZON is generating atotal of 1,804 MW coal produced power, 1,103.5MW from hydropower, 425.73 MW from geo-thermal, 820.454 MW from oil, and 2,700 MWfrom natural gas. The total installed capacity inthe region is 6,853.684 MW representing almost77 percent of power supply entering the LuzonGrid. Fifty percent of generated power in theregion is located in Batangas while the other halfis distributed to: Laguna (22 %), Quezon (18%), Rizal (9 %) and Cavite (1 %). Currently, theLuzon Grid’s power supply meets the existingpower demand but by 2007, power shortage isinevitable if no additional power is generated.

Hydro and geothermal power plants arelocated in Laguna. Batangas hosts natural gaspower plants which serve as base load powerplants of Malampaya gas in Palawan. Coal-firedpower plants are in Quezon and Batangas, whileoil-fed power plants are found in Quezon and Rizal.

Figure 2-14 Telephone Main Line DensityCALABARZON, 1992-2002


55

The main issue in the power sub-sec-tor is the projected shortage of the existingpower supply against the projected power de-mands by the year 2007. This calls for addi-tional generating capacities and energy con-servation measures. Being a strategic locationfor power plants, the region is now faced withthe question of whether or not to continue host-ing additional power plants. If the region de-cides to do so, the question would be what kindand where to locate them?

Related concerns in the establishmentof power plants are the environmental hazardsand settlement issues it brings with it. Examplesof environmental hazards it brings are dust gen-eration, carbon dioxide emissions and improper

waste disposal. Coal power plants are the mainsource of the environmental hazards. Carbonemissions coming from coal plants are said tocontribute to the change in climate and the rapidwarming of the world while the coal waste ma-terials being dumped in open fields besidecoastal fishing grounds causes mercury poison-ing killing fishes, raising ocean levels, causesincreased flooding and coral bleaching. Illegalentry, use of military force, unsettled compen-sation for tenants and occupants and damagedto properties are some of the settlement issues.

Another issue is despite having the ma-jority of the power plants in the Luzon Grid, someareas in CALABARZON, an industrial region, arestill experiencing regular brownouts affecting theindustries. This scenario causes the industriesto put up their own generators for their smoothoperations which entail additional cost to them.

Furthermore, there is still a need for strictimplementation of ER 1-94 setting aside onecentavo for the host LGU per kilowatt-hour gen-erated by the power producers. These funds areintended to compensate the host communitiesand bonafide residents for the detrimental ef-fects of the power plant on the people’s employ-ment, livelihood, environment and health.

40.0088.0051.101669.45876.72Total40.0074.0016.14191.6079.34Rizal

-7.0017.48695.21559.12Quezon-7.0017.48360.63142.80Laguna---186.9295.46Cavite---235.09-Batangas

34.5kV69kV115kV230kV500kVPROVINCE

40.0088.0051.101669.45876.72Total40.0074.0016.14191.6079.34Rizal

-7.0017.48695.21559.12Quezon-7.0017.48360.63142.80Laguna---186.9295.46Cavite---235.09-Batangas

34.5kV69kV115kV230kV500kVPROVINCE

Source: National Transmission Commission

Table 2-51 Existing Transmission Lines by Province, December 2002, CALABARZON Area

(In Thousand)

89.1270.8389.9998.74Rizal50.4019.2364.9797.67Quezon89.2860.0591.7399.01Laguna90.6869.1292.0298.94Cavite69.7829.3888.2398.68Batangas79.4747.6386.5098.59CALABARZON

2000199020001990

% HH using Electricity, LPG& Kerosene for Cooking

% HH using Electricity for LightingProvinces

89.1270.8389.9998.74Rizal50.4019.2364.9797.67Quezon89.2860.0591.7399.01Laguna90.6869.1292.0298.94Cavite69.7829.3888.2398.68Batangas79.4747.6386.5098.59CALABARZON

2000199020001990

% HH using Electricity, LPG& Kerosene for Cooking

% HH using Electricity for LightingProvinces

Table 2-52 Percentage Households who are using Electricity for Lighting andPercentage of Households who are using Electricity, Kerosene & LPG for Cooking

Source: NSO-CPH

56


Transmission Network

To strengthen systems reliability and de-pendability, the South Luzon Transco of NationalTransmission Corporation (NTC) had commis-sioned a total of 2,725 circuit-km transmissionlines as of December 2002 (see Table 51 TheLuzon Grid has a total of 10,144.9 circuit-kmtransmission lines. Therefore, the South LuzonTransco covers 27 percent of the Luzon Grid’sand occupying 322,573 sq. m. of land area.

The robust economic growth inCALABARZON region will require power genera-tion additions to the Luzon Grid and to carry thesegenerating capacity additions, old transmissionlines are to be upgraded and new transmissionlines are to be installed. Additional power trans-formers and power circuit breakers are also tobe installed in substations to prevent potentialoverloading.

Aside from the above mentioned concern,the said transmission lines need to be securedto prevent from being sabotage. Furthermore,there is a growing concern over the alignment oftransmission lines that affect the landscape ofthe area and its effect on settlement areas.

Household with Electricity

The Census on Population and Hous-ing (CPH) data show a declining percentage ofhouseholds using electricity, i.e., from 98.6 per-cent in 1990 to 86.5 percent in 2000. All theprovinces experienced a decline with Quezonposting the highest decrease. The percentageof households using electricity for cooking,however, increased by almost one-half. Byprovince, Cavite and Laguna led the other prov-inces in terms of the highest percentage ofhouseholds with electricity while Quezon lagsbehind (Table 2-52).

F. MANAGEMENT OF THEENVIRONMENT

The continued increase in population inthe CALABARZON region and the expansion ofeconomic activities inevitably impact on thephysical environment. Among the most visibleconsequence of rapid population increase is theencroachment of critical ecosystems such asupland, coastal areas and waterways for settle-ment purposes. The lakeshore municipalities ofLaguna Lake showed more intense built-up ar-eas although it has been identified with low ur-ban development suitability. Areas above 50percent slope are also inhabited.

1. Protected Areas

In the CALABARZON Region, 30 siteshave been designated as protection areas (PA).Nineteen are identified as initial components and11 are additional sites. As of date, 6 sites havealready been proclaimed PA under NIPAS; 5from the initial component and one (1) from ad-ditional sites. These sites are all under the cat-egory of Protected Landscape.

The PA in the Region are affected bydifferent development problems such as en-croachment, boundary conflict, overlappingproclamation, titled properties within protectedarea, land use/management jurisdiction conflict,conflict in policies and illegal activities, amongothers. Consequently, all these resulted in for-est degradation, destruction of flora and faunaand exposure of people to natural hazards suchas floods, landslides, air and water pollution.

Table 2-53 shows selected reported is-sues and concerns. These lands were delin-eated through the NIPAS Act of 1992 (RA No.7586) by reason of their physical and biological


57

A boundary conflict among covered areas is yet to be settledBarangay Yaganak, Calauag, QuezonCalauag Watershed Forest Reserve

Presently, the portion of the watershed is inhabited by squatters and is in a state of degradation and denudation due to unabated logging, slash and burn kaingin system and source of charcoal for livelihood purposes. Several overlapping proclamations are another problem that is yet to be solved

Rodriguez, Antipolo, Baras, San Mateo and Tanay

Marikina Watershed Forest Reserve

Some portions of the watershed are presently planted with rice, annual cultivated crops and perennial crop. Other areas are being used as pasture land. The settlers in the watershed include not only the IPs called Dumagats and Remontados but also lowland dwellersTimber poaching, influx of migrants, overlapping proclamations and boundary issues are problems concerning Kaliwa River development.

Tanay and Antipolo, RizalKaliwa River Watershed Forest Reserve

Currently, this National Park is faced with waste management problems

Antipolo City, RizalHinilugang TaktakNational Park

Minasawa is threatened by illegal activities such as fishing, quarrying, collection of flora and fauna and hunting.

Bgy. Poblacion, Burdeos, QuezonMinasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary

As of date, Umiray faces peace and order problems and issues about its accessibility

Gen. Nakar, QuezonUmiray River Watershed Forest Reserve

Encroachment and boundary conflict are problems which delay development of this protected landscape

Municipalites of Maragondon and Ternate in the Province of Cavite and Nasugbu in Batangas

Mts. Palay-palay / Mataas na GulodNational Park

Maulawin has a spring that yields water all year round. It is the only source of drinking water for the residents in the Poblacion. The area still possesses ecological values and distinct features although it is generally denuded due to human pressures.

Bgy. Magsaysay, San Pedro I and Himbubulo West in the Municipality of Guinayangan, Quezon

Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape

The PA is threatened by encroachment, illegal logging, illegal treasure hunting and peace and order problems

Covers the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan, all in the Province of Quezon

Quezon Protected Landscape

The Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape is being subjected to degradation as pilgrims cut small trees, branches, palms and bamboos and leave significant amount of garbage. The PA is also threatened by encroachment, illegal activities such as treasure hunting and gathering of wildlife species. Problems on peace and order are also prevalent. The local government and national government agencies have conflicting policies on collection of users’ fee and the waste disposal system.

Encompasses the municipalities of Dolores, Candelaria, Sariaya, Tayabasand Lucban (Quezon Province) and the municipalities of Majayjay, Liliw, Nagcarlan, Rizal and City of San Pablo (Laguna Province)

Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape

Encroachment, improper solid waste management and loss of biodiversity.

Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan, Mataas naKahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita. Cuenca, Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete and San Nicolas (Batangas Province) and Tagaytay City (Cavite Province)

Taal Volcano Protected Landscape

Issues/ConcernsLocationProtected Area

A boundary conflict among covered areas is yet to be settledBarangay Yaganak, Calauag, QuezonCalauag Watershed Forest Reserve

Presently, the portion of the watershed is inhabited by squatters and is in a state of degradation and denudation due to unabated logging, slash and burn kaingin system and source of charcoal for livelihood purposes. Several overlapping proclamations are another problem that is yet to be solved

Rodriguez, Antipolo, Baras, San Mateo and Tanay

Marikina Watershed Forest Reserve

Some portions of the watershed are presently planted with rice, annual cultivated crops and perennial crop. Other areas are being used as pasture land. The settlers in the watershed include not only the IPs called Dumagats and Remontados but also lowland dwellersTimber poaching, influx of migrants, overlapping proclamations and boundary issues are problems concerning Kaliwa River development.

Tanay and Antipolo, RizalKaliwa River Watershed Forest Reserve

Currently, this National Park is faced with waste management problems

Antipolo City, RizalHinilugang TaktakNational Park

Minasawa is threatened by illegal activities such as fishing, quarrying, collection of flora and fauna and hunting.

Bgy. Poblacion, Burdeos, QuezonMinasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary

As of date, Umiray faces peace and order problems and issues about its accessibility

Gen. Nakar, QuezonUmiray River Watershed Forest Reserve

Encroachment and boundary conflict are problems which delay development of this protected landscape

Municipalites of Maragondon and Ternate in the Province of Cavite and Nasugbu in Batangas

Mts. Palay-palay / Mataas na GulodNational Park

Maulawin has a spring that yields water all year round. It is the only source of drinking water for the residents in the Poblacion. The area still possesses ecological values and distinct features although it is generally denuded due to human pressures.

Bgy. Magsaysay, San Pedro I and Himbubulo West in the Municipality of Guinayangan, Quezon

Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape

The PA is threatened by encroachment, illegal logging, illegal treasure hunting and peace and order problems

Covers the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan, all in the Province of Quezon

Quezon Protected Landscape

The Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape is being subjected to degradation as pilgrims cut small trees, branches, palms and bamboos and leave significant amount of garbage. The PA is also threatened by encroachment, illegal activities such as treasure hunting and gathering of wildlife species. Problems on peace and order are also prevalent. The local government and national government agencies have conflicting policies on collection of users’ fee and the waste disposal system.

Encompasses the municipalities of Dolores, Candelaria, Sariaya, Tayabasand Lucban (Quezon Province) and the municipalities of Majayjay, Liliw, Nagcarlan, Rizal and City of San Pablo (Laguna Province)

Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape

Encroachment, improper solid waste management and loss of biodiversity.

Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan, Mataas naKahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita. Cuenca, Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete and San Nicolas (Batangas Province) and Tagaytay City (Cavite Province)

Taal Volcano Protected Landscape

Issues/ConcernsLocationProtected Area

Table 2-53 Issues and Concerns in Selected Protected Areas in CALABARZON

58


significance for the adequate conservation ofplant, animal and their habitat from being alteredby human exploitation.

2. Alienable and Disposable (A & D)Land Resources

The land area of the region measures1,622,861 hectares of which 65 percent is clas-sified alienable and disposable (A & D) while 35percent is considered forest land. In terms ofproportion of A & D by province, Batangas andCavite recoded the highest with 85 and 84 per-cent, respectively while Quezon has the lowestwith 54 percent (Table 2-54).

Out of the total 1,048,541 hectares A &D, however, Quezon shares the highest with 45percent while Rizal accounts for only six per-cent. Quezon province is the biggest in terms oftotal land area accounting for more than half (53%) of the region’s total while Cavite is the small-est with a 7.9 percent.

3. Environment

3.1 Air

The non-enforcement of laws and regu-lations on all emitters, both stationary and mo-bile has led to the deterioration of air quality es-pecially in heavily dense areas such as the iden-tified urban growth clusters. Another major cause

of pollution is the inefficient garbagecollection and disposal. Opendumpsites still remain as commonmodes of garbage disposal. This prob-lem is aggravated by the inadequateknowledge of the public on waste re-duction segregation, recycling anddisposal. The consequence of waterand air pollution is manifested in thenon-abatement of waterborne ail-ments and increasing incidence of air-borne diseases.

3.2 Water Resources

Water Supply

The existing water supply system in theregion consists mainly of the municipal watersupply that comprises public water supply forurban and rural areas and privately owned wa-ter sources for domestic and commercial use.

At the national level, as of year 2000,water supply service coverage reached wasabout 79 percent. Considering that many watersupply projects have been implemented by theLGUs coupled with expansion of some water dis-tricts in the region, it can be assumed that thewater supply service coverage for the region hadalso increased and may have reached above75 percent. The master plans for water supply,sewerage and sanitation in the Region IV-A prov-inces have set their targets for 2000 at about 80percent. This is apart from those implementedby the LUWA and the agencies like DPWH andlocal line agencies.

One of the current concerns apart fromwidening the service coverage is the dwindlinggroundwater reserve especially during pro-longed dry season. The areas affected are thosemunicipalities close to Metro Manila. This de-veloping situation will have a serious impact ondomestic water supply and affect both irrigated

1,622,86135.39574,32064.611,048,541CALABARZON130,89251.1967,00348.8163,889Rizal870,66045.51396,22154.49474,439Quezon175,97323.4441,25376.56134,720Laguna128,75516.3321,02283.67107,733Cavite316,58115.4248,82184.58267,760Batangas

%Number%NumberTOTALForest LandsCertified A & D

Areas

1,622,86135.39574,32064.611,048,541CALABARZON130,89251.1967,00348.8163,889Rizal870,66045.51396,22154.49474,439Quezon175,97323.4441,25376.56134,720Laguna128,75516.3321,02283.67107,733Cavite316,58115.4248,82184.58267,760Batangas

%Number%NumberTOTALForest LandsCertified A & D

Areas

Table 2-54 Land Area by Province and Major Land ClassificationCALABARZON Region (In Hectares)


59

and non-irrigated agricultural lands. It will alsoaffect the industrial water supply.

This problem calls for water conserva-tion measures, alternative ways of drawing wa-ter supply, more policies on water regulation,and more funding for water supply projects. Aperennial problem for potable water supply isits water quality. Thus, intensifying water qualitytesting and control and treatment of both ter-restrial and aquatic bodies is necessary.

Household with Potable Water

While potable water is a basic need ofman, only 82.2 percent of the households in theregion as of 2000 are able to avail of it. Theimprovement from the 1990 data was only 2.6percentage points. By province, Cavite and La-guna recorded the highest with 92 and 90 per-cent, respectively, while Rizal and Quezon the

lowest with 75 and 61 percent, respectively(Table 2-55). The following are included in thedefinition of potable water source: (a) Own use,faucet, community water system; (b) Shared fau-cet, Community Water Supply; (c) Own use,tubed/piped, deep well; and, (d) Bottled water.The need to address the problem on access can-not be overemphasized.

Irrigation

On irrigation, irrigation development pro-grams generated an incremental irrigated areaof about 16,200 hectares from 1995 to 2002,increasing the total irrigated area for the regionfrom 48,832 hectares to about 65,032 hectares.This represents 18 percent of the total potentialirrigable area for the region of 90,032 hectares.A remarkable development was seen in the prov-ince of Rizal. Batangas had the least develop-ment under this category.

2000

1990

Note: Others include dug well, spring, lake, river, rain, peddler, etc.Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing

22.11.33.016.28.018.530.9356,578Rizal30.10.19.214.17.820.018.6299,662Quezon5.30.34.717.712.215.544.3417,932Laguna4.50.63.214.211.120.046.3428,879Cavite7.30.06.913.09.915.847.1374,767Batangas

12.70.55.215.110.017.938.71,877,818CALABARZON

12.7NDA2.318.410.025.531.1189,190Rizal40.5NDA6.511.85.818.516.9265,762Quezon6.3NDA4.419.111.621.437.3269,342Laguna5.6NDA4.116.29.629.734.8222,151Cavite

10.3NDA6.621.011.520.430.3272,116Batangas15.5NDA5.017.39.722.729.91,218,561CALABARZON

Dug Well

BottledWater

Tubed/Piped

ShallowWell

Shared,Tube/Piped

Deep Well

Own Use,Tube/Piped

Deep Well

Shared,Faucet,

CommunityWater Supply

Own Use,Faucet,

CommunityWater Sys.

Total HouseholdsAreas

2000

1990

Note: Others include dug well, spring, lake, river, rain, peddler, etc.Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing

22.11.33.016.28.018.530.9356,578Rizal30.10.19.214.17.820.018.6299,662Quezon5.30.34.717.712.215.544.3417,932Laguna4.50.63.214.211.120.046.3428,879Cavite7.30.06.913.09.915.847.1374,767Batangas

12.70.55.215.110.017.938.71,877,818CALABARZON

12.7NDA2.318.410.025.531.1189,190Rizal40.5NDA6.511.85.818.516.9265,762Quezon6.3NDA4.419.111.621.437.3269,342Laguna5.6NDA4.116.29.629.734.8222,151Cavite

10.3NDA6.621.011.520.430.3272,116Batangas15.5NDA5.017.39.722.729.91,218,561CALABARZON

Dug Well

BottledWater

Tubed/Piped

ShallowWell

Shared,Tube/Piped

Deep Well

Own Use,Tube/Piped

Deep Well

Shared,Faucet,

CommunityWater Supply

Own Use,Faucet,

CommunityWater Sys.

Total HouseholdsAreas

Table 2-55 Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking and/or CookingCALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)

60


3.3 Waste

Public Sewerage System

Limited funds precluded the installationof public sewerage system in many parts of theregion thus causing water pollution. Wastewa-ter from households and industries not locatedin industrial estates are disposed through waterpercolation or through the drainage canals ordirectly to surface bodies with some treatmenteffected through septic tanks. This system pol-lutes the groundwater and major water bodiessuch as the Laguna de Bay.

Households by Usual Manner of Gar-bage Disposal

Data on the percentage of householdsby usual manner of garbage disposal in twocensal years indicate significant improvement.The percentage of households whose garbage

was picked-up by a garbage truck increased to48.5 percent in 2000 from 14.3 percent in 1990.In contrast other means of disposal decreased:dumping in individual pit (-2.5 %); burning (-24.8%); brying (-1.25); feeding to animals (-3.79 %);and, others (-1.8 %). The percentage of house-holds who are composting their garbage in-creased from 1.5 percent to 1.6 percent. (Table2-56)

Household with Sanitary Facility

The percentage of households with sani-tary toilet facilities increased substantially by 21percentage points from 63 percent in 1990. Thiscould be attributed to the concerted effort of thenational and local government to advocate theuse of sanitary toilet facilities by the households.A number of LGUs even provided free sanitarytoilet bowls as part of their program. The prov-inces of Cavite and Rizal lead the other prov-inces in terms of the percentage of households

2000

1990

Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing0.240.301.410.8723.444.2069.54356,578Rizal0.381.853.071.5167.565.6819.95299,662Quezon0.190.471.100.8431.794.4161.20417,932Laguna0.450.751.721.9727.526.6260.97428,879Cavite0.351.832.572.6462.617.0522.95374,767Batangas0.320.991.911.5741.095.6048.521,877,818CALABARZON

0.962.621.630.9957.287.4329.09189,190Rizal3.1212.384.451.2060.128.899.84265,762Quezon2.641.702.181.1064.669.0118.71269,342Laguna3.433.463.011.7565.9210.3812.04222,151Cavite0.623.004.062.4278.925.115.88272,116Batangas2.184.783.161.5265.948.1214.301,218,561CALABARZON

OthersFeeding

to Animals

BryingComposting(Later Usedas fertilizer)

Burning

Dumping inIndividualPit (NotBurned)

Picked upBy

GarbageTruck

TotalHouseholdAreas

2000

1990

Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing0.240.301.410.8723.444.2069.54356,578Rizal0.381.853.071.5167.565.6819.95299,662Quezon0.190.471.100.8431.794.4161.20417,932Laguna0.450.751.721.9727.526.6260.97428,879Cavite0.351.832.572.6462.617.0522.95374,767Batangas0.320.991.911.5741.095.6048.521,877,818CALABARZON

0.962.621.630.9957.287.4329.09189,190Rizal3.1212.384.451.2060.128.899.84265,762Quezon2.641.702.181.1064.669.0118.71269,342Laguna3.433.463.011.7565.9210.3812.04222,151Cavite0.623.004.062.4278.925.115.88272,116Batangas2.184.783.161.5265.948.1214.301,218,561CALABARZON

OthersFeeding

to Animals

BryingComposting(Later Usedas fertilizer)

Burning

Dumping inIndividualPit (NotBurned)

Picked upBy

GarbageTruck

TotalHouseholdAreas

Table 2-56 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage DisposalCALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)


61

with sanitary toilet facilities while Batangas andQuezon lag behind (Table 2-57).

3.4 Environmentally Constrained Areas

Environmentally constrained areas areprone to natural hazards. The country, by rea-son of its geologic and tectonic setting, is proneto several geologic and natural hazards. The re-gion is prone to earthquake/seismic hazardwhich maybe generated by the PhilippineTrench, the East Luzon Trench, Manila Trenchand other active earthquake generator such sValley Fault, the Philippine Fault and Lubang-Verde Island Fault.

There are two large earthquakes to datereported which identified Quezon as the epicen-

ter. The first is the Alabat Earthquake in 1937and the Ragay Gulf Earthquake in 1973. TheRagay Gulf Earthquake damaged properties,transportation and communication lines inCalauag and Lopez in Quezon while the AlabatEarthquake destroyed buildings in greater Ma-nila area, Laguna and Batangas.

Some parts of the region are also vulner-able to other forms of earthquake/seismic haz-ards such as liquefaction, landslides and surfacerupturing. The region also has two active volca-noes, Taal and Mount Banahaw which may alsopose threat especially in their proximate areas.

Hydrologic hazards which include fluvial(river) flooding and coastal flooding are normaloccurrences in many parts of the region. Areas

2000

1990

Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing4.64.45.713.311.260.8356,578Rizal

31.911.74.914.65.831.0299,662Quezon5.33.97.116.88.358.6417,932Laguna5.12.84.812.69.165.6428,879Cavite

11.75.25.015.17.955.1374,767Batangas10.65.25.614.58.555.51,877,818CALABARZON

15.45.95.09.013.351.5189,190Rizal53.48.93.25.65.923.1265,762Quezon18.06.95.79.211.848.2269,342Laguna17.94.93.08.89.655.8222,151Cavite34.610.93.910.76.333.6272,116Batangas29.07.74.28.69.141.31,218,561CALABARZON

Others:Open Pit

PailSystemNone

Closed Pit

Water-sealed,Other

Depository,Shared with

OtherHouseholds

Water-sealed,Other

Depository,Used

Exclusively bythe Household

Water-sealed,Sewer / Septic

Tank,Shared with

OtherHouseholds


Tank, UsedExclusively

by the Household

KIND OF TOILET FACILITY

TotalHouseholdsAreas

2000

1990

Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing4.64.45.713.311.260.8356,578Rizal

31.911.74.914.65.831.0299,662Quezon5.33.97.116.88.358.6417,932Laguna5.12.84.812.69.165.6428,879Cavite

11.75.25.015.17.955.1374,767Batangas10.65.25.614.58.555.51,877,818CALABARZON

15.45.95.09.013.351.5189,190Rizal53.48.93.25.65.923.1265,762Quezon18.06.95.79.211.848.2269,342Laguna17.94.93.08.89.655.8222,151Cavite34.610.93.910.76.333.6272,116Batangas29.07.74.28.69.141.31,218,561CALABARZON

Others:Open Pit

PailSystemNone

Closed Pit

Water-sealed,Other

Depository,Shared with

OtherHouseholds

Water-sealed,Other

Depository,Used

Exclusively bythe Household


Tank,Shared with

OtherHouseholds


Tank, UsedExclusively

by the Household

KIND OF TOILET FACILITY

TotalHouseholdsAreas

Table 2-57 Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being UsedCALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)

62


prone to hydrologic hazards in-clude the coastal towns of Cavitesuch as Naic, Tanza, Rosario,Noveleta, Cavite City, Kawit,Bacoor and those near large riv-ers. The lakeshore towns encir-cling the Laguna de Bay are sus-ceptible to lakeshore floodingand this San Pedro, Biñan, Sta.Rosa, Cabuyao, Calamba City,Sta. Cruz, Lumban, Paete,Siniloan and Famy in LagunaProvince. In Batangas province,the municipalities of Lemery,Calaca, Bauan, Mabini, Loboand Batangas City are prone tocoastal flooding. In Rizal, thetowns of Cainta, Taytay, SanMateo and Montalban are proneto river flooding while the townsof Morong, Teresa and Pililla,Jala-jala are prone to lakeshoreflooding. The coastal municipali-ties of Quezon such asAtimonan, Gumaca, Plaridel,Calauag, Sariaya and BondocPeninsula and Lucena City aresusceptible to coastal flooding.

Erosion as shown inTable 2-58 is a serious problemin the region.

Forest denudation has contributed toerosion in many parts of the region. The recenttyphoons has led to the erosion of many partsof Real, Infanta and General Nakar in Quezon.The calamity brought a total of 733 dead, 575injured, 318 missing and 75,464 families evacu-ated according to the partial data of the Philip-pine National Police (PNP).

1,294,427210,687264,372819,368CALABARZON

113,06460,9487,64744,469Rizal

679,43247,023104,898527,511Quezon

113,48518,59111,53983,355Laguna

125,8852,0182,800121,067Cavite

262,56182,107137,48842,966Batangas

TotalSevereModerateSlightProvince

1,294,427210,687264,372819,368CALABARZON

113,06460,9487,64744,469Rizal

679,43247,023104,898527,511Quezon

113,48518,59111,53983,355Laguna

125,8852,0182,800121,067Cavite

262,56182,107137,48842,966Batangas

TotalSevereModerateSlightProvince

Source: STR Handbook on Physical and Natural Resources

Table 2-58 Erosion by Province (in Hectares)


63

tion of cultural heritage. Technical assistanceon this aspect maybe needed from the NationalHistorical Institute, National Commission onCulture and the Arts, among others.

2. Governance

This section discusses improvement inthe structure, processes, procedures andmechanisms that were instituted at the regionaland local levels to promote good governanceand public peace, order and security. The dis-cussion also includes major developments thattranspired in the CALABARZON region in thelast three years.

2.1 Government Administration

The issuance of Executive Order No.103: Division of Southern Tagalog Region intoCALABARZON and MIMAROPA Regions in2002 caused the regional line agencies to fo-cus their priorities and delivery of basic servicesto more specific target areas. This developmentalso strengthened coordinative linkages be-tween the regional line agencies and local gov-ernment units to better planning and implemen-tation of policies and projects particularly thoseinitiated at the national level.

The convergence approach which wasbeing adopted in the implementation of the KapitBisig Laban Sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) programthrough the Regional KALAHIi ConvergenceGroup (RKGC), proved to be an effective tool fornational and local governments to address pov-erty in the region. Such strategy also paved theway for the KALAHI in Conflict Areas barangaysto prepare development plans and investmentprograms as well as to identify and implementpriority programs and projects in their respectiveareas. The approach also provided greater par-ticipation of the basic sector in the planning,implementation and monitoring of the projectsunder the said program.

1. Physical Planning

Most of the concerns in urban develop-ment stems from the weak planning context.Many of the LGUs have just updated theirCLUPs while others are in the process of doingso. In most instances many of the CLUPs weredone individually by municipality and cities al-though these are reviewed and approved by theprovinces for consistency with the ProvincialPhysical Framework Plans (PPFPs) which allthe five provinces of the region have. In manyinstances, however, investment of municipali-ties and cities are channeled to their individualpriorities that may not necessarily contribute toeconomic integration.

Another observation made in the CALAarea, which may hold true in other parts of theregion, is that planning at the local level has beenunresponsive to the highly fluid land and prop-erty development market. Most of the town plansfailed to create good urban environment, protectopen spaces, conserve historical landmarks andmitigate the presence of environmental nuisance.

Institutional concerns such as inad-equate staffing of local planning offices, defi-cient databases, need for upgrading of techni-cal capacities of local planning offices and inef-ficient LGU tax management partly contributeto the urban development issues.

To address specific sectoral concerns,some LGUs also cameup with sectoral planssuch as local development plans for children andhave integrated various concerns in their devel-opment plans such as population and develop-ment, sustainable development, gender anddevelopment, among others. It id notable, how-ever, that LGU plans are weak on the promo-

G. PHYSICAL PLANNING ANDGOVERNANCE

64

In the area of programming and budget-ing, the Regional Development Council (RDC)continued to advocate the improvement of thebudgeting process. Among the initiatives under-taken were coordination/dialogue with the De-partment of Budget and Management and theOffice of the President which resulted to issu-ance of directives to enhance participation ofthe RDC in the national budget. The FY 2005National Budget Call, allowed RDCs to conductregional consultations on the regional agencies’budget proposals. The review was also madeto operationalize the provisions of MemorandumCircular (MC) No. 54 issued by the Presidententitled “Strengthening the RDCs function on theReview and Endorsement of the National Gov-ernment Budget and for Other Purposes.”These directives particularly MC 54 was issuedto give more meaning to the role of the RDCs inpromoting regional development, decentraliza-tion and local autonomy through more active par-ticipation in the allocation of national budget.

Efforts were being undertaken to furthermake the services of the agency regional of-fices more effective. The RDC had been advo-cating for the development of the designatedgovernment center site in Calamba City. An in-ter-agency group was created along this line tostudy various options such as Build-Operate-Transfer and Joint Venture arrangements todevelop the Center.

In the efforts to enhance the capability ofthe civil servants, the Civil Service Commissionimplemented programs and projects to improvethe delivery of legal and quasi-judicial services,upgrading the knowledge and skills and exper-tise of all ranks in the civil service and providingcustomer satisfaction through the “MamayanMuna” advocacy for good governance. The pro-grams were categorized under the Six Key Re-form Areas: Effective and Efficient AdministrativeJustice, Professionalizing the Civil Service, Im-proving Public Service Delivery, Harnessing Pub-

lic Sector Unionism, Strengthening External Re-lations, and Managing Support Services.

2.2 Local Autonomy and Decentralization

To promote and sustain the gains in theimplementation of the Local Government Code,the Department of Interior and Local Govern-ment (DILG) and other national agencies con-ducted technical assistance and capability-build-ing activities to capacitate LGU officials and staffin the areas of development planning, commu-nity mobilization, project development, local eco-nomic enterprise development, and environmen-tal management. In the area of planning, theLGUs were able to prepare the ComprehensiveLand Use Plan. As of 2003, 77 percent of thelocal government units have already prepared/approved/ratified their CLUP.

Anti-Red Tape Program for local govern-ments was also being implemented by DILG toaddress red tape in LGU transactions. Capabil-ity-building interventions were undertaken suchas advocacy, training and technical assistanceto LGUs to develop and sustain simplified regu-latory system. Such interventions helped in en-suring investment-friendly rules and proceduresin local government transaction. Along this line,of the total 142 LGUs (municipalities and cities)in the region, 84 had already established a One-Stop-Shop (OSS), 134 had already adopted sim-plified Work Simplification Procedure (WSP), and133 had created/designated Customer ComplaintDesk (CCD).

The Gabay sa Mamamayan Action Cen-ter or GMAC has been established in allbarangays in the region to provide the people atthe grassroots level adequate access to infor-mation on the available national government pro-grams, projects and services such as livelihoodand job opportunities, health and sanitation, edu-cation and social welfare, and agricultural sup-port services, among others.



65

2.3 Good Governance Index

In recent years there has been increas-ing concern about governance at various lev-els of government. Various indicators havebeen used in an attempt to measure good gov-ernance. A study conducted by NSCB whichintegrated several indicators and rankings wastranslated into a single comprehensive rank-ing that depicts the overall performance of eachprovince to come up with the Good GovernanceIndex. The three major areas of governancewere economic governance covering sustain-able management of resources and enhancedgovernment responsiveness to the poor. Thesecond is political governance which includesimprovement in internal and external security,law enforcement and administration of justiceand elimination of graft and corruption. The thirdarea of governance is administrative which cov-ers the efficiency in the delivery of services,improved transparency and accountability, con-tinuous building of capacities, and expandeduse of information and communications tech-nology.

For each province, a Good GovernanceIndex was computed. Table 2-59 shows that outof the 67 provinces covered in the study, theprovinces in the region performed impressivelywell resulting in the following:

2.4 Income Classification

Among the ultimate measures to deter-mine effectiveness in local governance may bethrough the changes in income classification.Income class classification refers to the aver-age annual income of the local governmentunits based on the income bracket. InCALABARZON, the municipalities classified asfirst-class municipalities or LGUs with incomeof Php35M and above, increased from 24 mu-nicipalities in 1997 to 34 municipalities in 2001,out of the 132 municipalities in the region. It isnoted that the municipalities classified as first-class municipalities were among the munici-palities that had shown increased social andeconomic activities. (Figure 2-15)

The number of first-class municipalitieswere almost equally distributed among theprovinces in the region, Cavite with the high-est (9) and Quezon with the lowest (5) numberof municipalities. For the province of Rizal,though not the highest in terms of number offirst class municipalities, seven municipalitiesor 53 percent of its municipalities were alreadyconverted into first-class municipalities.

On other income class classification, 40municipalities or 30 percent of the region’s to-tal municipalities fall under the fourth class

classification or LGU with average in-come of P13M or more but less thanPhp21M. While the second and thirdclass had a total of 13 municipalities eachand the fifth class classification with 31municipalities. For the period under re-view, the province of Quezon had themost number of municipalities still clas-sified as fifth class. The municipality ofJomalig in Quezon province is the latestlone sixth class municipality or the LGUwith income below Pph7M. It is observedthat the rate of conversion of class mu-

46 472635Quezon

36154Rizal

15192Laguna

54176Cavite

9716 22Batangas

Overall GGI

Rank

Administrative Governance

Index Rank

Political Governance Index Rank

Economic Governance Index Rank

PROVINCE

46 472635Quezon

36154Rizal

15192Laguna

54176Cavite

9716 22Batangas

Overall GGI

Rank

Administrative Governance

Index Rank

Political Governance Index Rank

Economic Governance Index Rank

PROVINCE

Table 2-59 Good Governance Index (CGI) YR 2002

66

Figu

re 2

-15


67

nicipalities into higher income class classifica-tion is higher in the fast urbanizing provincesin the region.

In terms of income class classificationof the cities, out of the 10 cities in the region,five were classified as first-class cities. Thesewere the cities of Antipolo, Batangas, Lipa,Lucena and San Pablo. Calamba City was clas-sified as second class; Cavite, Tagaytay andTanauan under the third class classification, andTrece Martirez as fourth class city.

The rich and higher income class LGUsis better organized and adequately manned byqualified technical staff than the poor and lowerclass LGUs. The growth in the number of mu-nicipalities being converted into cities are ex-periencing urban development pressures. It isnoted that some LGUs, inspite their high in-come category are still relatively institutionallyweak and would need immediate upgradingand strengthening of capabilities to address thedemands of urbanization and environmentalconcerns.

In some municipalities that belong to thefourth to sixth income class category, technicalcapability to carry out basic technical services

such as engineering, zoning and environmentalprotection are basically weak or non-existent.

2.5 Financial Performance

The financial performance of the regionwas notably impressive wherein all the prov-inces were included in the top 10 highest in-come out of the 79 provinces in the country.Laguna garnered the second place nationwide.In terms of net income, however, Rizal achievedthe highest rank both in the regional and na-tionwide ranking. (Table 2-60).

2.6 E-Governance

Web Presence

E-governance is a key initiative of put-ting the citizenry online, not in-line. Primarily, itis intended to provide the stakeholders a moreefficient, transparent and convenient means oftransacting business with government officesthus, releasing the citizens from the traditionalqueues at government offices. The legal basisof e-governance stemmed under the RepublicAct 8972 which directs all agencies of govern-ment, including LGUs, to use electronic means

2 - Nationwide Ranking* 1 - Regional Ranking

4111428,970156613,556631,042,526 1Rizal2563258,94684767,286741,026,232 1Quezon2132279,462311,020,687211,300,149 1Laguna1774197,51763937,903421,135,420 1Cavite17396,579421,018,470851,025,049 1Batangas

Region 4-A

TO TOTAL INCOME212121

% of NET INCOME* RANKNET

INCOME* RANK

TOTAL EXPENSES

* RANKTOTAL

INCOME

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

CLASSLGU

2 - Nationwide Ranking* 1 - Regional Ranking

4111428,970156613,556631,042,526 1Rizal2563258,94684767,286741,026,232 1Quezon2132279,462311,020,687211,300,149 1Laguna1774197,51763937,903421,135,420 1Cavite17396,579421,018,470851,025,049 1Batangas

Region 4-A

TO TOTAL INCOME212121

% of NET INCOME* RANKNET

INCOME* RANK

TOTAL EXPENSES

* RANKTOTAL

INCOME

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

CLASSLGU

Table 2-60 Report on the Financial Performance of 78 Provinces FY 2003(All Funds in Thousand (Pesos)

Source: Commission on Audit, 2004

68


in government transactions within two years fromthe effectivity of the Act signed into law on June14, 2000.

The establishment of LGU web presenceis a key component of the e-governance initia-tive. Web presence also serves as a gauge indetermining the status of LGU computerizationfor ICT planning, policy formulation and deci-sion making as pursuant to RA 8972.

In the region, as reflected in Table 2-61,all of its five provinces and 11 cities have estab-lished web presence achieving a 100 % compli-ance rate. However, only 50 percent of the totalnumber of municipalities in the region has con-sidered putting-up their own website, whichmeans, there are still 66 municipalities out of 131who are still unreachable though cyber technol-ogy. Overall status also shows that

64 30538361 304630100 -11100 -66CAR12 89121016 89695100 -11100 -55ARMM

87 10677786 106070100 -33100 -441370 16385464 162945100 -55100 -4412

79 11415274 113243100 -55100 -441160 39599854 394685100 -88100 -5510

83 13627581 135467100 -55100 -339

82 2712214981 27112139100 -44100 -66853 647213647 6456120100 -1212100 -447

62 538613955 5364117100 -1616100 -66674 318912071 3176107100 -77100 -665

28 56227821 561571100 -22100 -554b55 668114750 6666132100 -22100 -554a

55 627513747 6256118100 -1212100 -7739 899984 8649033 21380 1452

63 488112959 4869117100 -88100 -441

100 -1313-----NCR

Status%

W/OWithTotalStatus

%W/OWithTotal

Status%

W/OWithTotalStatus

%W/OWithTotal

OverallMunicipalitiesCitiesProvincesRegion

64 30538361 304630100 -11100 -66CAR12 89121016 89695100 -11100 -55ARMM

87 10677786 106070100 -33100 -441370 16385464 162945100 -55100 -4412

79 11415274 113243100 -55100 -441160 39599854 394685100 -88100 -5510

83 13627581 135467100 -55100 -339

82 2712214981 27112139100 -44100 -66853 647213647 6456120100 -1212100 -447

62 538613955 5364117100 -1616100 -66674 318912071 3176107100 -77100 -665

28 56227821 561571100 -22100 -554b55 668114750 6666132100 -22100 -554a

55 627513747 6256118100 -1212100 -7739 899984 8649033 21380 1452

63 488112959 4869117100 -88100 -441

100 -1313-----NCR

Status%

W/OWithTotalStatus

%W/OWithTotal

Status%

W/OWithTotalStatus

%W/OWithTotal

OverallMunicipalitiesCitiesProvincesRegion

Table 2-61 Web Presence Status Summary by Region (As of May 31, 2003)

Source: National Computer Center

CALABARZON is at par with Region 3 which alsogenerated a 55 percent web presence status.

The use of ICT in governance cannot beoveremphasized. The experience of some LGUsin the region such as Sto. Tomas and TanauanCity in Batangas and Biñan in Laguna, amongothers, showed positive results especially in rev-enue generation. A survey by the National Com-puter Center (NCC) however showed that ad-vocacy for LGUs to maximize ICT needs to beintensified.

Hardware Equipment

Despite the rapid emergence of devel-opments in IT, it is surprising that there are stillsome LGUs that have not acquired any IT facil-ity or equipment, not even owning a single com-puter unit. Based on the report generated by


69

Table 2-63 Top 10 Cities with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002

22I5thAlaminos10138IXCharteredZamboanga1021III4thPalayan9151III1stAngeles921III5thBalanga8155XI2ndTagum819I5thVigan7163XHUCIligan714V3rdIriga6175VIHUCBacolod614IV-A3rdTrece Martirez5230VCharteredNaga511IX4thIsabela4238NCRHUCPasig411VLigao3264IIHUCOlongapo311IV-A3rdCavite2387XI1stDavao23I2ndLaoag1435NCRHUCMakati1

No. of Computer

UnitsRegionClassCityRank

No. of Computer


TOP 10 LEAST NUMBER OF COMPUTERSTOP 10 MOST NUMBER OF COMPUTERS

22I5thAlaminos10138IXCharteredZamboanga1021III4thPalayan9151III1stAngeles921III5thBalanga8155XI2ndTagum819I5thVigan7163XHUCIligan714V3rdIriga6175VIHUCBacolod614IV-A3rdTrece Martirez5230VCharteredNaga511IX4thIsabela4238NCRHUCPasig411VLigao3264IIHUCOlongapo311IV-A3rdCavite2387XI1stDavao23I2ndLaoag1435NCRHUCMakati1

No. of Computer


No. of Computer



Source: NCCNote: HUC – Highly Urbanized City

the National Computer Cen-ter in their recent 2002 LGUE-Governance ReadinessSurvey Report, the munici-palities were identified asshown in Table 2-62.

As indicated in Table2-62, the region’s entry to thelist was the municipality ofSampaloc in Quezon prov-ince which is a fifth class mu-nicipality. The 13 municipali-ties cited were among the707 respondents of the sur-vey conducted.

The number of com-puter units varies from oneLGU to the other and ranges from a low 1 to ahigh of 435 as indicated in Table 2-63.

None of the region’s cities was amongthe top 10 list in terms of computer units. Thiscondition was made even worse after two citiesin the region were identified as among the cities

13.12.11.10.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.

Unit Name

ARMM6th ClassPagagawan, MaguindanaoXIII5th ClassGeneral Luna, Surigao del NorteXIII5th ClassDel Carmen, Surigao del NorteX6th ClassConcepcion, Misamis OccidentalX6th ClassTangcal, Lanaodel NorteVIII5th ClassSan Policarpio, Eastern SamarVII5th ClassMaria, SiquijorVI4th ClassBuenavista, GuimarasV3rd ClassMalinao, AlbayIV-A5th ClassSampaloc, QuezonIII4th ClassSto Tomas, PampangaIII2nd ClassArayat, PampangaI4th ClassSan Emilio, Ilocos Sur

RegionClass

13.12.11.10.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.

Unit Name

ARMM6th ClassPagagawan, MaguindanaoXIII5th ClassGeneral Luna, Surigao del NorteXIII5th ClassDel Carmen, Surigao del NorteX6th ClassConcepcion, Misamis OccidentalX6th ClassTangcal, Lanaodel NorteVIII5th ClassSan Policarpio, Eastern SamarVII5th ClassMaria, SiquijorVI4th ClassBuenavista, GuimarasV3rd ClassMalinao, AlbayIV-A5th ClassSampaloc, QuezonIII4th ClassSto Tomas, PampangaIII2nd ClassArayat, PampangaI4th ClassSan Emilio, Ilocos Sur

RegionClass

Table 2-62 LGUs with no Computer System

Source: NCC

with the least number of computer units. Thetwo cities were Cavite with only 11 computerunits and Trece Martires which had 14.

Despite the poor performance of theregion’s cities in terms of availability of IT equip-ment, two municipalities that made it to the third

70

and fourth spot in the top 10 list of municipalitieswith the most number of computer units. As re-flected in Table 2-64, municipalities of Cainta,Rizal and Sta. Rosa, Laguna (which was recentlyconverted into a city) had a total of 50 and 46computer units, respectively.

Table 2-65 Top 10 Provinces with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002

21IX2ndZ. Sibugay1088II2ndN. Vizcaya10

16ARMM4thBasilan994XI1stCompostela Valley915XIIISurigao del Norte895II1stIsabela8

96VIIN. Oriental7

14VIII2ndE. Samar796I1stPangasinan711VI2ndAklan6107CAR2ndBenguet610IIIBulacan5114XI1stDavao Del Norte510ARMM3rdSulu4122XII2ndS.Cotabato4

9VICapiz3133XIII1stAgusan del Sur36V1stAlbay2181IV-A1stLaguna2

183VII1stBohol

2ARMM1stLanao del Norte1183V1stCamarines Sur1

No. of Computer

UnitsRegionClassProvinceRank

No. of Computer



21IX2ndZ. Sibugay1088II2ndN. Vizcaya10

16ARMM4thBasilan994XI1stCompostela Valley915XIIISurigao del Norte895II1stIsabela8

96VIIN. Oriental7

14VIII2ndE. Samar796I1stPangasinan711VI2ndAklan6107CAR2ndBenguet610IIIBulacan5114XI1stDavao Del Norte510ARMM3rdSulu4122XII2ndS.Cotabato4

9VICapiz3133XIII1stAgusan del Sur36V1stAlbay2181IV-A1stLaguna2

183VII1stBohol

2ARMM1stLanao del Norte1183V1stCamarines Sur1

No. of Computer


No. of Computer



Source: NCC


109

8

7

65

4

3

21

Rank

IV

VII

NCR

XIXII

IV-A

IV-A

NCRCAR

RegionsUnit Name

341st ClassBauang , La Union361st ClassLabo, Camarines Norte

363rd ClassDlaguete, Cebu

361st ClassPateros Municipality

381st ClassKapalong, Davao del Norte414th ClassTampakan, South Cotabato

461st ClassSta. Rosa, Laguna

501st ClassCainta, Rizal

551st ClassTaguig Municipality571st ClassLa Trinidad, Benguet

No. of Computer

UnitsClass

109

8

7

65

4

3

21

Rank

IV

VII

NCR

XIXII

IV-A

IV-A

NCRCAR

RegionsUnit Name

341st ClassBauang , La Union361st ClassLabo, Camarines Norte

363rd ClassDlaguete, Cebu

361st ClassPateros Municipality

381st ClassKapalong, Davao del Norte414th ClassTampakan, South Cotabato

461st ClassSta. Rosa, Laguna

501st ClassCainta, Rizal

551st ClassTaguig Municipality571st ClassLa Trinidad, Benguet

No. of Computer

UnitsClass

Table 2-64 Top 10 Municipalities in terms of Computer Units

Source: NCC

On the provincial scope, Laguna whichis a first class province ranked third in the top10 list of provinces with the most number of com-puter units. As indicated in table 2-52, Lagunahad a total of 183 computer units.

Table 2-65 shows that Region IV-A’s LGUs at the provincial level are per-forming well since none of its provinceswas included in the list of provinces withthe least number of computer units.

2.7 Disaster Preparedness

A series of typhoons hit thecountry in the last quarter of 2004, themost destructive being TyphoonYoyong and Winnie, which causedenormous damage to lives and prop-erty. The hardest hit part of the coun-try were the municipalities of Real,Infanta and Gen. Nakar in QuezonProvince affecting 62 out of its 72


71

barangays and causing a total of660 dead, 365 injured and 237missing. Damage to propertywas 4,364 totally and 5,646 par-tially damaged houses. Damageto infrastructure was heavy with9 major bridges destroyed, al-most all schoolbuildings col-lapsed and total power and wa-ter supply was cut off in the threemunicipalities.

The initial relief operationsmounted by the National/Re-gional/Provincial Disaster Coordi-nating Councils was hampered bythe inaccessibility of the area due to badweather, massive flooding, landslides andmudslides. After the initial clearing operationswhich made parts of the area accessible, mas-sive relief, search and rescue operations wereconducted. International aid to the affectedareas poured in. The complete rehabilitationof the area is expected to last until 2010.

The unabated illegal logging in themountains straddling the three municipalitieswas pinpointed as the main cause of the mas-sive flooding, landslides and mudslides that hit

the REINA area. The government has issued atotal log ban in the area and has instructed theAFP to assist in enforcing the ban. The RegionalDisaster Coordinating Council has also initiatedthe activation of the local disaster coordinatigcouncils and the preparation of a REINA Inte-grated Rehabilitation Development Plan to de-termine the immediate, short-term and long-termrequirements for the reconstruction and devel-opment of the area.

2.8 Peace and Order

The peace and order situa-tion in the CALABARZON Regionregistered a downtrend from theprevious year which provides a con-ducive atmosphere for economicgrowth. From January to October2004, a total of 7,103 crime inci-dents were reported which amountsto 23 crimes being committed perday. The statistics shows a 15.74percent decrease from the 8,430crimes registered for the same pe-riod last year. Out of the total crimevolume, index crimes accounted for3,076 (43.31%) while non-indexcrimes amounted to 4,027 (56%).

72

Provincial distribution of the crime volume showsQuezon topping the list with 1,689 seconded byCavite with 1,620 followed by Laguna with 1,415,Rizal with 1,268 and lastly by Batangas with 1,111.

While the total crime volume decreased,there was a slight increase of 1.28 percent inindex crime from the same period last year from3,037 to 3,076. Of these number, 68.69 per-cent were crimes against persons while 31.31percent were against property. It was notice-able, that crimes against persons went down by5.7 percent from 2,241 recorded last year to2,113 this year. On the other hand, crimesagainst property increased by 20.98 percentfrom 796 to 963 incidents. The provincial distri-bution of index crimes shows Cavite on top with750 incidents (24.38 %) followed by Quezon with696 (22.63%), then Rizal with 603 (19.60%), La-guna with 570 (18.53%) and Batangas with 457(14.86%).

Crime Solution Efficiency registered ahigh of 92.76 percent with 6,589 out of 7,103cases solved. Quezon registered the highestCSE with 94.73 percent closely followed by Rizalwith 94.32 percent, then Laguna with 93.14 per-cent, Cavite with 92.72 percent and Batangaswith 83.58 percent.

In terms of the anti-criminality campaignbeing vigorously pursued by the PNP, the fol-lowing accomplishments were registered:

a. Illegal Drugs

There were 2,629 operations conductedwith 3,776 persons arrested and 1,111.95 gramsof shabu and 31,147 grams of marijuana with astreet value of P 2.002 M and Php 312,448,

repectively. A total of 827 cases were filed incourt.

b. Kidnap for Ransom (KFR)

Two KFR incidents were reported andsolved with the victims rescued unharmed. Thefirst incident happened in San Pablo City withthe two suspects at large while the second hap-pened in Indang, Cavite with the arrest of thevictim’s mother and five cohorts.

c. Hijacking

Of the 44 hijacking carried out in the re-gion, 13 were solved while 22 are still in the pro-cess of investigation. A total of Php17.7 M worthof goods were lost.

d. Highway Robbery

There were 83 highway robberiescommited of which 49 or 59.04% were solved.A total of Php5.3 M worth of cash, cellphones,jewelry, ATM cards and others were lost.

e. Most Wanted Persons

Manhunt operations resulted in the neu-tralization of five most wanted persons in theregion, 25 at the provincial level and 125 in thecity/municipal level. Furthermore, theCALABARZON PRO extended intelligence in-formation resulting in the arrest of the no. 1most wanted person in the country.

f. Illegal Gambling

There were operations conducted with1,402 arrests and Php208.161 bets and 50 videokarera machines confiscated. A total of 586cases were filed in court.


73

The strategic outcomes or results are the intermediate goals to be pursued by theplan within the planning period. It is expected that sectoral and agency plans shall beanchored on these regional development outcomes. The major final output of regional lineagencies will be linked to these outcomes.

Development Concerns / Challenges

1. Low income of farmers and poor profitabil-ity of farming• There is an unstable market price of agri-cultural produce and high cost of agriculturalinputs.

2. Low production and productivity of crop andlivestock farming• The continuing use and adherence to tra-ditional varieties, management/cultural prac-tices and insufficient technical know-how(improper use of fertilizer) is usually preva-lent in the rural farming communities ofBatangas, Quezon, and Laguna provinces.• Unfair and illegal foreign trade practiceson poultry commodity, i.e., technical smug-gling, dumping, distorted use of NTMs suchas phyto-sanitary requirements has ad-versely affected the viability, particularly thedomestic poultry industry of the region. Theeffect on the industry is a market glut in sup-ply, and deliberate reduction of day-oldchicks production.• Supply availability and high cost of corn-based feeds from local sources are consid-ered as major limiting factors for the swineand poultry industry of the region.

Agrarian Reform, Agriculture andFishery Modernization 3. Illegal conversion of agricultural lands

• The increasing demand for industrial andreal estate requirements in the region start-ing in the mid 1990s, particularly in theprovinces of Cavite, Laguna and Batangasencourage farmers to sell their land forhigher income returns. In most cases, thelandowner abandons the land in prepara-tion for land conversion.

4. Abandoned and idle agricultural lands• Landowners’ lack of interest in farming isbasically attributed to the low profitabilityof farming as an enterprise because of highcost of inputs and unstable price of produce.In addition, the prevailing peace and orderin specific farming communities has alsocontributed to landowners leaving theirlands idle.

5. Decreasing and limited agricultural lands• Existing croplands and suitable agricul-tural lands are converted and reclassifiedinto other uses.

6. Non-implementation of agricultural programsand irrigation projects• The lack or delayed release of govern-ment funds is one of the major causes forfailure to implement high-impact projects,particularly irrigation projects.

Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation through Accelerated Economic Growth

Part IIIStrategic Outcomes and Actions

74

Increased Job Creation thorugh Accelerated Economic Growth

7. Mangrove deforestation• Mangrove areas are converted to fish-pond or for tourism purposes. In additionthe encroachment of settlements in thecoastal areas exert pressure on mangrovestands.

8. Depletion of fishing grounds• Illegal fishing activities such as the use ofdestructive fishing gears, trawls, fine meshnets and poisonous substances destroy fishhabitat particularly corals and seagrass andjuvenile fish.

9. Displacement of fisherfolk from their tradi-tional fishing areas• Multiple use of water resources resultingin conflicts in use such as fishery againsttourism use of water and the implementa-tion of mega-projects along coastal waters.

10. Incidence of siltation, fish kill, and degrada-tion of lake water quality in the region’s fresh-water lakes.• The proliferation and intensified aquacul-ture activities in the region’s lakes (Taal, La-guna and Seven Lakes) have been one ofthe major causes of continuing inland waterdegradation coupled with a weak implemen-tation of ZOMAP in these lakes

11. Inadequate farm infrastructure and othersupport facilities.• The need for adequate support facilitiesin good physical condition in major produc-tion areas in the provinces of Quezon,Batangas, Laguna and Cavite has been acontinuing requirement to enhance thelong-term productivity of the agriculturesector. Most of the facilities that need tobe established and in some cases, reha-bilitated and improved/expanded, are

postharvest and storage facilities, farm-to-market roads, irrigation systems and creditsupport mechanisms.

Objectives / Targets

• Increase farm productivity and profitability• Minimize conversion of agricultural lands to

other land uses• Provide adequate farm infrastructure and sup-

port facilities to strategic production areas• Protect and conserve major mangrove

areas• Enforce the implementation of RA 8550, rel-

evant fisheries administrative codes and lo-cal municipal fishing ordinances, such asZOMAP at Laguna de Bay, Seven Lakes andTaal Lakes

• Properly delineate different land uses guidedby the relevant policies stated in the CLUPs

• Increase the number of forest trees planted• Rehabilitate and construct FMR and

postharvest facilities• Intensify acquisition and complete the dis-

tribution of about 30,111 hectares of agri-cultural lands and fastrack release of 70,260hectares of A&D lands to farmer beneficia-ries under the CARP by 2010. The follow-ing is the A&D Land Titling and DistributionTarget (in hectares) of DENR by province:

70,26037,69512,565TOTAL2,8121,620540Rizal

28,52812,6754,225Quezon16,9509,0003,000Laguna1,370900300Cavite

20,60013,5004,500Batangas2005-20102005-20102005

YearProvince

70,26037,69512,565TOTAL2,8121,620540Rizal

28,52812,6754,225Quezon16,9509,0003,000Laguna1,370900300Cavite

20,60013,5004,500Batangas2005-20102005-20102005

YearProvince

Source: DENR-LMS/LMD IV-A


75

Policies / Strategies

Agricultural Land and Fishery Resource Man-agement

• Properly implement of policies/laws govern-ing land use conversion

a. Strictly implement land conversion lawsin Quezon and Laguna lakeshore townsparticularly for existing palay and corn lands

b. Ensure the non-conversion of prime ag-ricultural lands in the SAFDZs

• Facilitate enhanced participation of the pub-lic, private and local communities in the con-duct of advocacy programs at the local levelto promote awareness and compliance byinvestors and landowners to approved landuse plans and zoning ordinances

• Strictly adhere to the implementation ofCLUP policies/strategies and zoning ordi-nances of the LGUs

• Promote massive mangrove reforestationand information dissemination as means toaddress declining municipal fishery and de-teriorating municipal coastal waters.

Productivity Enhancement

• Promote rural livelihood and employmentgeneration through the use of modern farm-ing systems and farm technology such asHYV and appropriate soil management

a. Maximize available agricultural lands inBatangas, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal prov-inces for agro-forestry and agro-tourism andproduction of high-value commercial cropsthrough intensified (technology-based) anddiversified (multiple crop) and integratedfarming systems

b. Intensify corn production in Batangasand Quezon and maximize (intercrop andmultiple crop) coconut lands for the produc-tion of rootcrops, bananas and fruit trees inthe province of Quezon because of its rela-tively large remaining agricultural lands

c. Enhance R&D/E geared toward pro-cessing of high-value commercial crops,livestock products and root crops for value-added products such as corn–based feedsubstitute.

d. Further strengthen livestock and poul-try/egg production in the region throughthe use of cost-effective and efficient mod-ern production technologies, i.e., im-proved/upgraded stocks, low cost feeds,among others

e. Strengthen aquaculture development inQuezon and Batangas and capacitate andexpand commercial fishery operations to in-clude the EEZ

• Increase the level of awareness of stakehold-ers on opportunities and constraints posedby the use of biotechnology in the produc-tion system, public health and safety, andfood security

• Develop innovative and cost-effectiveschemes on broadening access to farm in-frastructure and support facilities/services,i.e., credit, irrigation, farm-to-market roads,among others.

- Develop irrigation facilities using LagunaLake water to support rice and corn produc-tion in Quezon and Laguna lakeshore towns

• Develop and enhance the entrepreneurialskills of farmers through agribusiness activi-ties

76


- Facilitate business network and strengthenstrategic arrangements between farmers andagri-based enterprises, i.e., contract grow-ing and joint ventures, among others.

• Broaden the coverage of ARCs to includenon-ARBs and accelerate delivery of produc-tion and marketing support services/facilitiesto these areas

Market Linkage

• Ensure the supply of quality and inexpensivelocally-produced feeds for the swine andchicken and the aquaculture industries of theregion through the promotion of investmentsin Mindanao and the Mindoro provinces forthe production of corn and the manufactureof corn, rice and fish meal-based feedsthrough a system of village and commerciallevel feed-milling activities

• Strengthen the storage/warehouse industryin Batangas and expansion of feed-millingindustries in Batangas, Quezon and Lagunato support expanding demand for animalfeed requirement of both CALABARZONand Region III swine and poultry industriesand the growing aquaculture industry

• Develop industries with backward and for-ward linkages and enhance linkages withcomplementary industries within and outsidethe region, i.e. establishment of agri-basedprocessing facilities in production areas suchas processing of chicken manure gearedboth for the local and organic vegetablefarming of Mountain Province area

• Further strengthen linkage with existing food(chicken, hog, bangus, tilapia, among oth-ers) commodity market in the NCR throughtimely access to market information and ef-ficient distribution system

Programs and Projects

• Agrarian Reform Communities DevelopmentProject 2

• Agrarian Reform Infrastructure SupportProject

• ALA-EH Cattle Fattening and ProcessingCenter

• Banahaw Coco-based Development Pro-gram

• Biological Control Agent Laboratory• Bridge Construction Project for Agrarian

Reform Communities• Titling and Land Distribution of A&D Lands

(DENR)• Carabao Breeding and Development Cen-

ter• Coconut Oil Manufacturing• Coconut Planting/Replanting• Coconut Rehabilitation and Fertilization• Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

(CARP)• Construction of Irrigation Facilities• Cooperatives Development Program• Copra Quality Improvement• Corn and GMA Corn• Direct Copra Marketing• Enterprise Development• Establishment of Modern Agro-Industrial

estates/facilities.• Farm Diversification• Farm to market roads• High Value Commercial Crops and GMA

HVCC• Implementation of the Zoning and Manage-

ment Plan• Livestock and GMA Livestock• Livestock Resource Center• Malarayat Coco-based Development Pro-

gram• Marketing Information and Assistance Cen-

ter• Micro-Financing and Credit Implemented

with UCPB-CIIF NLSF, PCFC, LBP,


77

Quedancor and others• National Internal Security Program (NISP)• Piggery, Poultry Breeder/Layer• Post Harvest and Farm Mechanization• Poultry Layer/Egg Production, Hog Raising,

Feed Mill, Agricultural and Veterinary Sup-ply Merchandise

• Prawn Hatchery• Production Support Services• Productivity Enhancement• Regulatory Services• Rice Production• Self-Reliant Program• Suhay (Suporta sa Buhay Program)• Tagaytay Highlands and Taal Agri-Tourism

Development Program• Management of Foreshore Land, patrimo-

nial properties and other public lands(DENR)

Trade & Industry Including Micro, Small andMedium Enterprises


1. Weak linkage between agriculture andindustry.• Food processing is a preferred activityfor Philippine ecozones, but in theCALABARZON ecozones, most locators areof the assembly-type industries utilizing im-ported raw materials which are not agri-based.• The bulk of the region’s export-orientedecozones consists of electronics products,which are more competitive in the exportmarket than food products. This is the mainreason why the industrial sector has not es-tablished significant downstream and up-stream linkages with the local economy.Unless agriculture or food products are mademore competitive, the potential of this sec-

tor as source of input for industry and viceversa will remain unmaximized.• Industrial estates tend to promote andgenerate wage-earners at the expense oflinkage with other industries.

2. Low industrial productivity.• National estimates of total factor produc-tivity show a consistently decreasing trendfrom –0.04 per cent in 1990 to –0.84 per centin 1996. The growth in productivity, definedas the value of goods and services producedper hour of work and by extension, per capitaincomes, is the most important measure anddeterminant of economic performance. In-dustrial productivity can be enhanced by in-creasing physical and human assets and therate at which these assets are used.• There is inefficient use of physical as-sets and manpower resources.

3. Need to expand foreign direct investmentand exports.• The local economy should be exposedto the world economy through strategiesaimed at technological acquisition, directforeign investment and export promotion.Clearly, if most productivity growth comesmainly from using and adopting foreignideas, economies must be open to them andattract them aggressively. Productivitychange is fastest in countries which are bet-ter integrated into the global market (e.g.,East Asia, Latin America) and slowest inthose that lag behind (e.g., South Asia,Middle East, Sub Saharan Africa). The sameis true for foreign direct investment. The re-gions of the world that have been most suc-cessful in attracting FDI are also successfulin attracting new technologies and improv-ing productivity. The regions that failed toattract FDI have lagged behind.

78


• There is also the potential for economiesto learn through exporting. Exporting embod-ies knowledge about marketing, technologyand information, which makes economiesmore competitive.

4. Weak S & T (science and technology)capability of the region.• Technology policies in the regionand the country need serious reform.These policies tend to be focused onuniversity research with no substan-tial linkage to the private sector or con-versely, there is weak linkage betweentechnology generation, adaptation and utili-zation. Technology policy should be put atthe service of the industrial sector. Likewise,there is also a need to address the low ex-penditure level for R& D by the private sec-tor and the low S & T graduates and man-power.• A weak linkage between technology gen-eration, adaptation and use exists.• There is low promotion of industrial tech-nology through government support.

5. Incidence of pollution (air quality and wa-ter) generated by industries (IEs, slaughter-houses).• Weak monitoring and enforcementmechanism

6. Political instability discouraging foreign in-vestors

7. Need to determine the effective use (fullcapacity) of industrial space allocated forecozones/IEs as a basis for assessing ne-cessity for establishing ecozones in thefuture

8. Need for further development of SMEs


• Generate adequate jobs for the working popu-lation

98018815813115913312585* Service70013511394113958961* Industry32062524352434128* Agriculture

2,000384322268324271255174All SectorsTotal2010200920082007200620052004

CALABARZON, 2004-2005Table 3 -1 Number of Jobs to be Created ('000)

98018815813115913312585* Service70013511394113958961* Industry32062524352434128* Agriculture

2,000384322268324271255174All SectorsTotal2010200920082007200620052004

CALABARZON, 2004-2005Table 3 -1 Number of Jobs to be Created ('000)

• Foster active networking between agricultureand industry

• Enhance and accelerate SME develop-ment to attain 450,000 jobs

• Upgrade human resource competencies• Expand investments, exports and employment

opportunities and establish R4A a haven ofinvestments and quality products/services

• Strengthen the dissemination of R&D out-comes and promote the transfer and com-mercial application of technologies, includ-ing ICT

• Enforce appropriate environmental laws,rules and regulations

• Provide a political environment conducive tobusiness development and consumer protec-tion

• Improve/enhance competitiveness of poten-tial industries in the global market

• Set-up mechanisms to identify and provide as-sistance to the workers of the informal sector.

• Enforce appropriate environmental laws,rules and regulations and institutionalize theimplementation of the industrial ecology ap-proach in the development and operation ofecozones, IEs industry clusters, including ac-tivities in the growth centers and the indus-trial sector in general


79


• Foster increase in investment on S&T andR&D, including access to ICT to ensure longterm growth of enterprises/industries

- Promote the application of ICT in enhanc-ing productivity and efficiency of indus-tries, particularly among SMEs to ensurecompetitiveness

- Accelerate flow and exchange of technol-ogy between and among research orga-nizations, educational institutions, lineagencies, industries/business sectors andinternational organizations.

• Develop, disseminate and commercializetechnologies with high economic impact andemployment generating potentials especiallyfor SMEs

• Provide more incentives to industries thatwill use agricultural products as raw ma-terials

• Provide access to financing facilities• Launch human resource capability build up

through the conduct trainings/seminars onproductivity, S&T and skills enhancement

• Improve manpower development programsto increase employment opportunities for dis-placed workers

• Provide conducive environment for the pro-motion of industrial peace

• Improve existing facilities of Industrial Estates/ecozones including infrastructure support

• Promote the establishment of ecozones inleast developed areas (Quezon) in order toaccelerate community employment and ru-ral entrepreneurship programs

• Intensify conduct of investment missions andcollaborations

• Strengthen local institutional arrangementsfor regional economic cooperation, i.e.ASEAN, multilateral and global networking

• Strictly monitor the enforcement of environ-mental laws, rules and regulations and in-

stitutionalize the adoption of internationalstandards

• Promote compliance with international qual-ity and environmental management stan-dards, i.e. ISO 9000 and 14000

• Promote the adoption of industrial ecologythat use industry residues not as waste butraw materials of other industries

• Develop and establish SMEs such as smallprocessing centers at the village level

• Facilitate subcontracting arrangements,“big brother-small brother” scheme forSMEs, business matching and other prod-uct development and marketing assis-tance

• Promote industry clustering for SMEs to fa-cilitate provision of resources

• Promote the establishment of labor-inten-sive, local resource-based export-orientedindustries

• Reduction of cost for doing business by pro-moting investor-friendly regulations

• Streamline and standardize business re-quirements and application procedures inhost LGUs


• Advocacy on quality management systemsin industrial and economic zones

• CALABARZON Food Development Program• CALABARZON Geographic Information

System• CALABARZON Regional Trade House• Employment Assistance Programs• Food Processing Centers• Manufacturing• Programs Assistance for Entrepreneurs• Real estate, Renting and Business Activities• Small and medium enterprise/industry de-

velopment• Training for Displaced Workers• Wholesale and Retail Trade

80


Tourism


1. Need for proactive tourism marketing, pro-motion and product/human resources devel-opment by both government and privatesector; products must cater to existing tar-get market in East Asia, as well as the do-mestic market

2. Lack of necessary facilities, utilities and in-frastructure support for existing and poten-tial tourism areas; this is specially true fortourism sites in the rural areas. In mostcases even the basic necessities such assignages and paved roads are not present.The Taal Volcano is a major ecotourism des-tination but access to the volcano is limiteddue to inadequate facilities and other sup-port services.

3. Weak implementation of regulations andmechanisms to safeguard environmental in-tegrity. The natural, cultural heritage sitesare non-renewable resources which are atrisk of degradation as a direct or indirectresult of urbanization, natural resource ex-ploitation and natural disasters. The cur-rent state of the Hinulugang Taktak is anexample of risk to the natural tourism sites,urbanization and degradation of its environ-ment has caused the falls to degenerate.Portions of Mt. Banahaw are currentlyclosed to tourist as it is threatened by envi-ronmental degradation. Some beaches inBatangas, Cavite and Quezon are at riskof pollution due to oil spills and other dis-charges by ships passing through. In addi-tion, unregulated settlements contribute topollution.

4. Tourism development is mostly concen-trated in major urban areas of the regionlimiting dispersal of tourism benefits. Tour-ism related investments and activities areencouraged and given priority in the desig-nated tourism development area. There isneed to develop other areas with strongtourism potentials and disperse the benefitsgenerated by tourism development to thecommunity.

5. Need to advocate for the promotion of mul-tiple use of land, specifically on the possiblejoint use between tourism and other landuses to tourism developers.

6. Some Executive Orders and/or legislationsdeclaring tourist spots/zones/tourism de-velopment areas failed to specifically de-lineate the boundaries of said areasthereby creating conflicts between tourismand other land uses. Presidential Procla-mation No. 1520 dated November 1979declared the whole municipalities ofMaragondon and Ternate in Cavite Prov-ince and the municipality of Nasugbu inBatangas as tourist zones without delin-eating the boundaries. This has causedconflict in the development of the HaciendaLooc as the same area is covered by theComprehensive Agrarian Reform Pro-gram.


• Increase income from tourism activities• Enhance mobility, upgrade accommodation

facilities, and tourist support services in tour-ism clusters/circuits.

• Develop tourism circuits that promotes bothestablished and potential tourist destinations


81

• Encourage proper land use and zoning oftourism development areas

• Promote ecotourism as a tool for sustain-able development

• Increase the region’s percentage share oftourist arrival to national total to 6.28% for do-mestic tourist and 5.48% for foreign tourist


• Promote CALABARZON as a tourist desti-nation with a variety/mix of tourism productsand interest for various types of tourist es-pecially in the emerging domestic and EastAsian market

• Develop, promote and manage tourism clus-ters and a network (tourism circuit) connect-ing the different clusters. The following clus-ters shall be promoted:

a) Cavite– Batangas Circuit – Cavite HistoricalSites, Nature/Adventure Cluster in Caviteand Batangas

b) Laguna – Cavite – Batangas Circuit - Medi-cal Spa/Wellness Cluster, Nature/AdventureCluster In Cavite and Batangas

c) Laguna – Rizal Toursim Circuit – Medial Spa/Wellness Cluster, Nature/Adventure Clus-ters, Special Interest Clusters in Laguna,Rizal

d) Rizal – Quezon Circuit - Special InterestClusters in Rizal, Nature/Adventure Clusterin Quezon

e) Quezon – Batangas Circuit - Nature/Ad-venture Cluster in Quezon and Batangas,Historical Sites in Batangas

f) Intra provincial circuits

The strategy shall need coordination with orassistance of travel trade sector for the devel-opment and marketing of affordable tour pack-ages in the various tourism circuits.

• Training and education for tourism man-power shall be promoted through govern-ment and private sector partnership to im-prove skills, productivity and service quality.

• Faster and more frequent trips to tourist des-tinations shall be promoted by the develop-ment of additional international and domes-tic gateway to tourism areas. The imple-mentation of the proposed major transportprojects such as the extension of the STARto Batangas City, SLEX to Lucena, MarikinaInfanta Road shall provide greater accessto and from the main international gatewayto the region, that is Metro Manila. Localroads shall be developed to complement na-tional roads in improving access to tourismareas. Capacities of tourism ports to accom-modate higher frequency trips shall be up-graded.

Liliw, Lumban, PaeteAngono-CardonaSpecial Interest

Clusters

Calamba- Los BanosMedical Spa/Wellness Clusters

Tiaong, Dolores, Lucban

Lumban-PagsanjanAntipolo-Tanay, REINA

Tagaytay-Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Mabini

Tagaytay-Taal Volcano Lakeshore Municipalities

Nature/Adventure Clusters

San Juan –SariayaInfanta – General Nakar

Nasugbu, Lian, CalataganNaic, Ternate

Beach Resort Cluster

Batangas City, TaalCorrigidor, Kawit, Imus, Cavite City

Historical Site Cluster

Liliw, Lumban, PaeteAngono-CardonaSpecial Interest

Clusters

Calamba- Los BanosMedical Spa/Wellness Clusters

Tiaong, Dolores, Lucban

Lumban-PagsanjanAntipolo-Tanay, REINA

Tagaytay-Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Mabini

Tagaytay-Taal Volcano Lakeshore Municipalities

Nature/Adventure Clusters

San Juan –SariayaInfanta – General Nakar

Nasugbu, Lian, CalataganNaic, Ternate

Beach Resort Cluster

Batangas City, TaalCorrigidor, Kawit, Imus, Cavite City

Historical Site Cluster

The development of tourism circuits aims to pro-vide a link between tourism in the major urbanareas with tourism attractions in the rural areas.The following major tourism circuits shall be pro-moted:

82

• Physical facilities necessary for tourist suchas accommodations, service centers, emailand ATM services, observation platforms,view decks, restrooms shall be made avail-able. Directional signages shall be mademore visible and tourist- friendly.

• Investment in tourism shall be encouragedby providing an environment that will attractprivate-sector investment in existing and po-tential tourist destinations. New mecha-nisms for sourcing funds shall be exploredand developed to augment existing re-sources for tourism development.

• LGUs shall prepare/ update the municipal/city land use plans and zoning ordinances.Multiple land use that allows the maximumvariety of uses consistent with conservationand carrying capacity of the tourism areasshall be allowed. For ecotourism sites, theirboundaries shall be delineated, rules andregulations for their conservation, protectionand management shall be promulgated.

• Ecotourism and agritourism shall be pro-

moted as a strategy to preservethe natural and built environ-ment. Master plans forecotourism destination sites inCALABARZON namely WawaDam, Mt. Makiling, Tagaytay/Taal Volcano shall be formu-lated and implemented.

• Establish a stronger andconsistent conservation systemfor churches such as: LaImmaculada Concepcion inBalayon, Batangas; LaAsuncion dela Maestra Señorain Maragondon, Cavite; San

Gregorio Magno in Majayjay, Laguna; andBasilica of San Miguel Arcangel in Tayabas,Quezon as National Treasure Sites


• Tourism Trade Fair in Southern TagalogFestivals

• Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plansof LGUs

• Wealth of Wonders of Southern TagalogTourism and Trade Fair

• Calatagan-Lubang Development Project• Capability Building Program for LGUs• Generation of Tourism Statistics on Visitors

Arrival• Infrastructure and Support Facilities for Tour-

ism clusters/circuits• Investment Fora for Small and Medium Scale

Tourism Enterprises• La CASSA Tourism Circuit Development• Master Plan Preparation for Ecotourism sites• Medical Spa and Wellness Tourism Project

in Laguna• Standard Setting Program for the LGUs• Tourism Skills Development Program



83


1. Poverty level and status of social develop-ment as gleaned from the poverty incidencedata and Human Development Index (HDI)of the region are relatively better comparedto other regions of the country, however, dis-parity exists by urban and rural, among theprovinces, cities, municipalities andbarangays.

2. With the large population size of the region,CALABARZON oftentimes fare badly interms of magnitude of poor, illiterates, mal-nourished and disadvantaged groups.

Health and Nutrition

1. Infectious diseases still persist at high ratesalong with chronic and degenerative dis-eases which have become prevalent. Largevariations in health status persist acrosspopulation groups, income classes and geo-graphic areas, paralleled by inequities inaccess to health facilities or providers andservices, the high cost of drugs, and the lim-ited coverage of health insurance. Drug ad-diction is increasingly a major concern in theregion.

2. Inefficient hospital systems, ineffectivemechanisms for public health programs, un-even distribution of health workers contrib-ute to the poor delivery of health services.

3. For nutrition, the major challenge is the in-creased prevalence of underweight pre-school and elementary school-age childrenespecially after the government has adoptedthe International Reference Standard (IRS).Survey conducted by the Food Nutrition andResearch Institute also show high incidence

of micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A andIron) among six months to five year old in1998 range from 38 to 47 percent. Micronu-trient malnutrition among children and adultsis also high.

Education and Training

1. Poor access and Quality of ECCD services

Giving children the best start in life meansensuring their good health, proper nutrition,protection and early learning. However, ac-cess to early education remains poorly ad-dressed even today. Recent survey showthat at least 66.5 percent of Filipino children(nationwide) between three and five yearsold were not enrolled in any form of earlychildhood education; i.e. play groups, daycar centers or preschools (UNDP, 2004).Apart from the issue of access is the qualityof ECCD services which remains a challengeuntil today. Existing ECCD services are char-acterized by insufficient child’s play and ab-sence of developmentally stimulating prac-tices. Learning and teaching approaches ofservice providers are often outdated and pro-gramming methods are rigid. All these mayhave bearing on the school-readiness ofchildren and could weaken ECCD’s contri-bution in addressing a critical concern toimprove school retention, especially in theearly grades.

2. Low Access to Basic Education

The region enjoys a high participation rateat the elementary but it is not the case forsecondary. This is due to the fact that theincidence of drop-out is quite high and notall those who complete elementary enterhigh school.

Outcome 2: Enhanced Social Development with Direct Poverty Reduction-Measures

84

3. Low Quality of Education

The NEAT, NSAT and regional achievementtest results showed that the quality of theeducation in the region although better com-pared to many regions in the country is stilllow. The Presidential Commission on Edu-cational Reforms (PCER) concluded that thecauses of poor quality of education include:unwieldy class sizes, congested curriculum,use of inflexible and impassive teaching andlearning techniques that inhibit active par-ticipation and feedback, and a predominanceof teachers with poor pedagogical skills asa consequence of inadequate formal train-ing. Health and nutrition status of childrenshowed a high correlation with school per-formance.

4. The challenges for the higher educationsub-sector can be summarized into access,quality and effectiveness and efficiency. TheCommission on Higher Education (CHED)noted that there has been a significant im-provement in the access to higher educa-tion over the recent period, however, thereexists disparities in the distribution of highereducation institutions (HEIs) in the region.Private HEIs are usually located at the cit-ies and highly urbanized municipalities thusdepriving the remote areas of quality edu-cation. Public HEIs (national and localgovernment-funded) are also concentratedin few cities and municipalities. Access ofthe poor but deserving students throughscholarship is very limited.

There is much to be desired in the region’s

performance in licensure examinations,civil service and other qualifying examina-tions. This could be attributed to the lowqualification of faculty handling higher edu-cation courses across institutions and theregion. The three fundamental functionsof higher education – instruction, researchand extension – grossly suffer from thisinadequacy. This is exacerbated by thelack of necessary facilities to support re-search and extension services (CHED,2001). The quality of higher education isalso influenced by the quality of highschool graduates entering the higher edu-cation level. Studies have shown that about30 to 40 percent of high school studentshave difficulties in science and mathemat-ics. These are carried over into the highereducation level.

On efficiency and effectiveness, the publichigher educational system has been ob-served to be inefficient in the use of limitedgovernment funds. Such funds have beenused largely to support operations of insti-tutions that serve only about 26 percent ofthe total number of students in higher edu-cation (CHED, 2001).

5. Poor utilization of ICT by HEIs

A number of HEIs in CALABARZON havealready begun or, at the very least, are onthe brink of fully adopting into their curricula.Most, however, continue to lag far behind(CHED, 2001). The use of ICT in teachingand learning in the Philippines is still at itsinfancy stage.

Enhanced Social Development with Direct Poverty Reduction-Measures


85

Social Welfare

1. The social welfare facilities are not at allexclusive to CALABARZON hence some ofthese are congested. Some NGOs offer theirservices to needy clients from the NCR andeven from other regions such as Region IIIand VI. Likewise, not all institutions have thecapability to cater to the province they arelocated in, but may only be limited to the cityor municipality.

2. The services provided by the social welfareinstitutions are limited. Most of the clienteleor groups assisted by NGO-operated facili-ties are providing services to children (boysand girls) and the youth. In most instancesthe children and youth are either abused,abandoned, maltreated, exploited and/or ne-glected. There are no drug rehabilitationcenters for the youth except some privately-run institutions which charge high fees. Drugaddiction among the youth had increasedaccording to the Young Adult and FertilitySurvey (YAFS).

Housing

1. On housing, aside from the increasing hous-ing backlog, there is wide disparity acrossurban and rural areas and socioeconomic sta-tus of households. Data from APIS show thatfour provinces are above the national aver-age in terms of housing structures with roofsand outer walls made up of durable or strongmaterials. The provinces include Laguna,Cavite, Rizal and Batangas province. APISshowed that more than half (54.76 %) of thefamilies belonging to the lowest 40-percentincome groups in the region have walls oftheir housing units made up of not strongmaterials and 49.19 percent have units withroofs made up materials that are not strong.

2. The quality of housing in the region leavesmuch to be desired. Of the occupied units inthe region, 69.2 percent needs no repair oronly minor repairs, 22.3 percent need majorrepairs, 4.8 percent unfinished construction,3.31 percent under renovation/construction,0.83 percent dilapidated/condemned and.0005 percent were not reported. The stateof repair of HUs in the region is a little betterthan the national average which has 68.7percent which do not need any repair or onlyneed minor repairs.

3. Not all housing units are provided with elec-tricity and potable water. The percentage ofhouseholds which used electricity for light-ing was 86 percent in 2000, a decrease by12 percentage points from the 1990 census.The percentage of households with potablewater is lower (81.7 %) than the percentageof household with electricity although it wasan improvement by 2.1 percentage pointsfrom the 79.6 percent level in 1990.

4. Tenure is also a problem. Data in 2000showed that only 52 percent own or are am-ortizing their houses, a decrease by 27.2 per-centage points from 1990. In contrast, thepercentage of households who do not ownor are amortizing their homes, i.e. renters,households occupying housing units with orwithout consent of the owner have in-creased.

Culture, Arts and youth

1. Low appreciation of culture amont the youth

2. Limited avenues for the youth to developtheir artistic talents (visual and performingarts among others)

86

materials (%)

90.02. Housing units with durable construction

10.01. Housing backlog (%)

Housing

5.01. % abused children & women

Social Welfare and Development

99.06. Literacy rate

90.05. Secondary cohort survival rate

95.04. Elementary cohort survival rate

100.03. Secondary participation rate

90.02. Elementary participation rate

1. ECCD participation rate


4.08. Teenage pregnancy (%)

60.57. Contraceptive Prevalence rate (%)

2.36. Total Fertility Rate

8.05. Unmet need for contraceptive services (%)

1.54. Protein energy malnutrition (%)

10.03. Child morality rate

100.02. Maternal mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 LB)

10.01. Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 LB)

Health, Nutrition and Population

2010Social Development Outcomes

materials (%)

90.02. Housing units with durable construction

10.01. Housing backlog (%)

Housing

5.01. % abused children & women

Social Welfare and Development

99.06. Literacy rate

90.05. Secondary cohort survival rate

95.04. Elementary cohort survival rate

100.03. Secondary participation rate

90.02. Elementary participation rate

1. ECCD participation rate


4.08. Teenage pregnancy (%)

60.57. Contraceptive Prevalence rate (%)

2.36. Total Fertility Rate

8.05. Unmet need for contraceptive services (%)

1.54. Protein energy malnutrition (%)

10.03. Child morality rate

100.02. Maternal mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 LB)

10.01. Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 LB)


2010Social Development Outcomes




87

G. Culture, Arts & Youth

2211. Establish schools for living tradition

2212. Establish High Schools for the Arts

assistance

2020202020201. % indigent households provided with housing

F. Housing

1015202520152. % of child abuse victims provided assistance

with Self-Employment Assistance

1818202530201. % of indigents & vulnerable groups provided

E. Social Welfare Facilities

7637517397277156802. Secondary school teachers

1,8551,7971,7401,6861,6331,5951. Elementary school teachers

D. Number of Basic Education Manpower Required due to Enrollment Increment

001003007001,0002. Barangays without day care

00000013. Municipalities without school

0000032922. Barangays without school

7637517397277156802. Secondary Classrooms

1,8551,7971,7401,6861,6331,5951,1931. Elementary Classrooms

C. Number of Education Facilities Required due to Enrollment Increment

10,2808,4867,0055,7834,77485019,0688. Barangay Health Worker

1038570584883397. Sanitary Engineers/Inspectors

514235292441216. Medical Technoligist

51423529244245. Nutritionist

1,028849701578477851,7674. Midwife

1038570584882033. Dentist

257212175145119214932. Nurse

257212175145119212641. Doctor

B. Number of Health Manpower Required due to Population Increase

1,028849701578477852,0013. Barangay Health Station

257212175145119212022. Rural Health Unit

2,5702,1221,7511,4461,1932128,0851. Hospital Beds (includes private)

A. Number of Health Facilities Required due to Population Increase

2010200920082007200620052004

G. Culture, Arts & Youth

2211. Establish schools for living tradition

2212. Establish High Schools for the Arts

assistance

2020202020201. % indigent households provided with housing

F. Housing

1015202520152. % of child abuse victims provided assistance

with Self-Employment Assistance

1818202530201. % of indigents & vulnerable groups provided

E. Social Welfare Facilities

7637517397277156802. Secondary school teachers

1,8551,7971,7401,6861,6331,5951. Elementary school teachers

D. Number of Basic Education Manpower Required due to Enrollment Increment

001003007001,0002. Barangays without day care

00000013. Municipalities without school

0000032922. Barangays without school

7637517397277156802. Secondary Classrooms

1,8551,7971,7401,6861,6331,5951,1931. Elementary Classrooms

C. Number of Education Facilities Required due to Enrollment Increment

10,2808,4867,0055,7834,77485019,0688. Barangay Health Worker

1038570584883397. Sanitary Engineers/Inspectors

514235292441216. Medical Technoligist

51423529244245. Nutritionist

1,028849701578477851,7674. Midwife

1038570584882033. Dentist

257212175145119214932. Nurse

257212175145119212641. Doctor

B. Number of Health Manpower Required due to Population Increase

1,028849701578477852,0013. Barangay Health Station

257212175145119212022. Rural Health Unit

2,5702,1221,7511,4461,1932128,0851. Hospital Beds (includes private)

A. Number of Health Facilities Required due to Population Increase

2010200920082007200620052004

Physical Targets

88


Policies/Strategies

• The Plan will carry a social bias as a bal-ance to economic growth. This means thereis a need to increase human capital invest-ments especially in education, training andhealth. Government instrumentalities in theregion will continue to play a meaningful rolein providing quality basic education andhealth care. Special attention will be givento expanding access of low-income groupsto such services.

• On housing and shelter needs of the poor,socialized housing and community mortgageprograms shall be addressed. Housing fi-nances shall be made available to the poor.In the case of the vulnerable groups, tar-geted protection programs shall be imple-mented.

• An effective population management pro-gram shall be implemented since popula-tion is one of the main variables that affectthe quality of social service in the region. Aprogram on migration and reproductivehealth will be developed and pursued dur-ing the plan period.

• The implementation of social developmentprograms has to be a concerted effort ofthe national government, LGUs and theprivate sector. The convergence approachshall be promoted at all levels. Also, a sys-tem of award for LGUs and non-govern-ment organizations investing in human capi-tal shall be developed and implementedthrough the RDC and relevant organizationsin the region.

• Private sector participation shall be encour-aged through the establishment ofbarangay electric cooperatives to generatethe necessary funds.

• Laws concerning social development suchas Food Fortification (RA 8986), Urban De-velopment Housing Act (RA 7279), Social

Reform Act, ECCD Act, among others shallbe fully enforced.

• Promote culture and arts appreciation inschools and communities.

• Conduct advocacy to remove societal biasagainst TVET

• Strengthen the link between Tech-Voc edu-cation and training and higher education

• Improve the quality of TVET and make itavailable to poor but deserving students

• Widen access to higher education studygrants

• Strengthen faculty development programs atall levels

• Promote the corporatization of SUCs


Direct Anti-Poverty Projects

• Food for School• KALAHI Agrarian Reform Zone• KALAHI Comprehensive Integrated Delivery

of Social Services (CIDSS)• Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI)• Poverty-Free Zone


• Food Fortification Program• National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)• Nutrition Program• Population Management Program• Reproductive Health Program• Upgrading/Construction of Hospitals and

Health Centers


• Programs to Expand Access to Basic Edu-cation and Improve Quality of Education• Adopt-A-School Program• Balik Paaralan Program


89

• Child-Friendly School System• Completion of Incomplete Elementary

School• Curriculum Development• Drop-out Intervention Program• Establishment of schools in school-less

barangays• Establishment of Schools of the

Future/Model Science and TechnologyClassrooms

• Health and Nutrition Program• Mobile Information and Technology

Classrooms• Multigrade Program• Philippine Education Placement Test

(PEPT)• School Building Program

• Improving the Efficiency and Effectivenessof the School and School System• Adopt-A-School Program

• Drop-out Intervention Program• Health, Dental and Nutrition Program• Incentive Awards Program• Researches and Publications• Resource Allocation and Generation• Teacher-Child-Parent Approach

• Establishment of schools for living tradition

Housing

• Community Mortgage Program• Off-site and On-site Relocation Projects• Socialized Housing Program

Social Welfare

• Construction and Upgrading of Social Wel-fare Institutions

• ECCD/Bright Child• Self Employment Assistance

90

Transportation Sub-sector


1. Chronic traffic congestion in the region’smajor road system

2. Missing road and incomplete expresswaylinks that are critical in the region’s economicactivities

3. Existing road network still needs improve-ment/upgrading

4. Low level of service of commuter railwaysystem (PNR)

5. Existing port facilties are insufficient to theincreasing demand

6. Difficulty in acquiring right-of-way of trans-port projects

7. BOT transport projects are not very attrac-tive to private investors


• Complete the missing links in the road net-work that are considered strategically impor-tant such as the STAR and SLEX tollways,tourism roads and farm-to-market roads

• Increase road improvement (paving) from 44percent to 60 percent of the total road net-work

• Upgrade to permanent structures all remain-ing temporary bridges

• Construct bypass roads in heavily congested

urban centers• Fully develop the Batangas International Port

to complement the Port of Manila and Subic• Develop potential ports for RoRo operations• Provide the right-of-way (ROW) of transport

projects

Policies and Strategies

• Promote intermodal transportation systemby integrating the road, rail, water and airtransport in a seamless manner

• Prioritize the completion and extension ofexpressways and other missing road linksin the road network which are strategic andwould stimulate development in the region

• Prioritize upgrading of existing transport in-frastructures

• Strengthen traffic management and controlin road traffic problem areas

• Promote Road Roll-on-Roll-Off TerminalSystem (RRTS) such as the Batangas City-Calapan City route of the Western SRNH

• Promote mass transit development in theregion such as extension of light rail transit,modernization of PNR lines and provisionof busway system, if feasible

• Intensify public (local and national) and pri-vate sector partnership in planning (includ-ing ROWA), fund mobilization, implemen-tation and management of transportprojects

Outcome 3: Decentralized Development through Improved Infrastructure


91

Programs and Projects Telecommunications


1. Low teledensity (no.of telephone lines per100 persons) in Quezon at 3.71

2. Not all municipalities are served by tele-phones

3. Low telephone subscription rate at 45.89%in 2002

4. Decreasing over all teledensity for the Re-gion from 13.36 in 2001 to 11.11 in 2002


• Provide telecommunication services that areat par with international standards

• Provide telephone service to all municipali-ties/cities in the Region

• Expand cellular mobile telephone service• Provide at least one public calling office in

each municipality/city• Provide at least one telephone line for each

municipal hall/city hall for government com-munication purposes

• Increase to 10 the teledensity for Quezonprovince by 2007

• Provide access to cellular mobile telephoneservice to 95% of the barangays

• Increase the subscription rate of telephonelines to 56 percent by 2010


• Install at least one public calling office in eachmunicipality/city

• Ensure that all municipalities and cities arewith at least one telephone line

• Improve teledensity of Quezon province• Encourage expansion of cellular mobile tele-

phone service to cater all the barangays asmuch as possible

• Increase the subscription rate of telephonelines

1 Southern Tagalog Access Road (Lipa City-Batangas City)

2 SLEX Extension (Calamba City-Sto. Tomas)

5 Marikina-Infanta Road

6 Widening of Governor’s Drive & Traffic Corridor Mgt. Project

7 CALA East West Roads (Tanza-MuntinlupaHighway and Calibuyo San Pedro Highway

8 Alaminos-Lipa Road

9 Ternate-Nasugbu Road

10 San Juan (Laiya)-Lobo Road

12 Calamba-Los Banos Bypass Road

13

14 Candelaria Bypass Road

15 Sariaya Bypass Road

Mabini Circumferential Road16

Alaminos-San Pablo City (ASAP) Bypass Road

Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway Extension (Noveleta)

4

3 SLEX Extension (Sto. Tomas-Lucena City)

17 Aguinaldo Highway (Traffic Corridor Management Projects)

21 Batangas-Bauan Ring Road

Batangas Port Development Project Phase II

Calatagan Port Development Project

Real Port Development Project Atimonan Port Development Project Nasugbu Port Development Project

LRT Line 1 Extension (Baclaran-Bacoor)MRT 8 (Sta Mesa-Angono)MRT 2 Extension (Santolan-Masinag)South Manila Commuter Rail Project Phase II (Alabang-Calamba City)

Main Line South Extension Phase I (Calamba City-Legazpi)

President’s Bridge Program

Urgent Bridge Construction for Rural Development

San Narciso-San Andres Road (Provl Road)23

92

Decentralized Development Through Improved Infrastructure

Fig

ure

3-1

Pro

po

sed

an

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ipel

ined

Tra

nsp

ort

Pro

ject

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93


• Development of Government Informationand Infrastructure Technology

• Establishment and Development of TelecomFacilities

• Mechanization of Delivery System

Power Generation, Transmission Network andElectrification


1. Projected power supply shortage by 20072. Continuous hosting power plants3. Environmental hazards such as dust gen-

eration, carbon dioxide emissions and im-proper waste disposal from coal powerplants

4. Regular brownouts are still experienced5. Need for strict implementation of ER 1-946. Robust economic growth7. Ensuring security of transmission and gen-

eration capacity facilities8. Alignment of transmission lines becoming

an eyesore9. Three percent of the barangays in the re-

gion are still not energized10. Insufficient funds for the electricity projects11. Right-of-way acquisition problems for the

installation of transmission lines12. Some of the unenergized barangays are not

accessible


• Provide adequate, stable, reliable, efficientand reasonably priced energy/ power

• Cultivate strong partnerships and collabo-ration with key partners and stakeholders

• Improve and expand transmission facilitiesto adequately serve all industry participants

• Regionalize energy planning• Operationalize the use of natural gas as fuel

for transportation, cooking and other com-

mercial uses• Provide adequate security for the transmis-

sion and generation capacity facilities• Provide electricity to 90 percent of the

region’s total number of household• Energize the remaining three percent

unenergized barangays in the region


• Encourage generation capacity additions• Rehabilitate existing facilities• Prioritize the use of renewable energy

sources• Refrain from establishing coal power plants

as much as possible• Develop the use of natural gas• Promote development of indigenous on re-

newable energy sources such as wind andsolar

• Implement strictly the EIA system• Pursue information dissemination in ways to

conserve energy• Implement proper waste disposal system• Implement strictly the ER 1-94• Identify and implement more health and envi-

ronment projects using the funds of ER 1-94• Upgrade old transmission lines• Install additional transmission lines• Install additional power transformer and cir-

cuit breakers in substations to prevent po-tential overloading

• Keep the additional transmission lines withinthe existing transmission lines right of way. Ifit is not possible, transmission lines alignmentshall be only on one side parallel to the road

• Regionalize energy planning• Encourage privatization of power and

transmission faci l i t ies to remotebarangays through the establishment ofelectric cooperatives

• Address all energy projects with preferentialbias for environment-friendly energy programs

• The provision of electricity to the unenergizedbarangays shall be prioritized

94


• Wind Farm in Mauban, Quezon• Sunflower Solar Water Fabricatiion Plant in

Laguna Techno Park, Sta. Rosa, Laguna• Conversion of Malaya Powerplant to a base

plant of Natural Gas• Alaminos 500 kV Switching Station Project

(Turnkey)• Batangas to Manila Natural Gas Pipeline

Project• Biñan – Dasmariñas Transmission Line

Project• Kalayaan-Calauan-Makban T/L Upgrading

Project (Turnkey)· LNG Import Terminal, Calaca, Batangas

• Luzon Island Transmission AugmentationProgram (LISTA)

• Luzon Transmission Upgrading I (Turnkey)Dasmariñas Substation Expansion

• Natural Gas Vehicle Program for PublicTransport (NGVPPT)

• Power Conservation and Demand Manage-ment Program (POWER PATROL)

• Technology Transfer Project on Clean CoalTechnologies (CCT)

• Tiwi-Makban Rehabilitation Project• Coco-biodiesel Program• Expand Rural Electrification Program• Expand Capacity Addition Program for Ex-

isting Small power Utilities Group (SPUG)Areas-

• KALAHI Programs

Decentralized Development Through Improved Infrastructure


95

Outcome 4: Sustainable Management of the Environment


1. Rapid depletion of natural resources2. Encroachments in protected areas3. Loss of biodiversity4. Massive land conversion in favor of com-

mercial, residential and industrial uses5. Unsustainable management of remaining

production forest6. Deterioration of shore and water quality due

to pollution, sedimentation, coastal erosionand build-up of fishpens

7. Lack of appreciation of the importance ofhealthy environment

8. Environment disturbance due to mining andquarrying operations

9. Degradation of water quality and freshwa-ter ecosystems

10. Conflicts on delineation of existing and po-tential ancestral lands/domain claims

11. Weak institutional capability for manage-ment of ecosystems

12. Exposure of people to natural hazardssuch as floods, landslides, air and waterpollution

13. Inadequate social services and deteriorat-ing quality of environment in urban areas


• Accelerate land distribution/titling of A&Dlands from 2005-2010:

• Provide potable water to 95 percent of theregion’s household

• Provide sanitary toilet facilities to 90 of theregion’s household

• Increase the percentage of household prop-erly disposing their garbage to 85 percent

• All the LGUs shall have an environmentalcode

• Enhance forest conservation, protectionand sustainable management efforts ofmarginal, degraded and unproductive up-land areas

• Manage the remaining forest in a sustain-able manner and expand dipterocarp areasboth for ecological and commercial pur-poses

• Enhance biodiversity conservation efforts• Promote awareness on the importance of

natural resources conservation and manage-ment as well as mitigation of natural hazards

• Promote social justice and equity and rec-ognize the rights of Indigenous CulturalCommunities (ICCs)

• Protect the people from environmentalhazards

• Promote a livable urban environment• Reforestation of border areas between mu-

nicipalities and provinces• Establish mini-forests in city centers

736,875CALABARZON55,713Rizal

373,630Quezon85,496Laguna45,113Cavite

176,923Batangas

Patent Processing Issuance (In Has.)

Areas

736,875CALABARZON55,713Rizal

373,630Quezon85,496Laguna45,113Cavite

176,923Batangas


Areas

718.6918.00

566.1646.0041.48

Reforestation for Timber Production

3,835.00295.00

1,180.002,065.00

295.00

Reforestation in Critical Watershed

(Watershed Restoration)

10,206.00CALABARZONRizal

10,206.00QuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas


Areas

718.6918.00

566.1646.0041.48

Reforestation for Timber Production

3,835.00295.00

1,180.002,065.00

295.00

Reforestation in Critical Watershed

(Watershed Restoration)

10,206.00CALABARZONRizal

10,206.00QuezonLagunaCaviteBatangas


Areas

• Undertake massive reforestation (in hect-ares) from 2005-2010:

96

Sustainable Management of the Environment

General Policies /Strategies

• Establish/strengthen institutional cross-sectoral mechanisms for integrated environ-mental management

• Prioritize the rehabilitation and protection ofenvironmentally critical proclaimed protectedareas

• Reassess/amend Protected Area proclama-tions where there is conflict in managementjurisdiction

• Institutionalize “polluters pay principle” ingeneral by all industries

• Provide equipment for environmental moni-toring

• Strengthen the capability of local authoritiesin environmental management

• Promote adoption of R & D towards sustain-able development of natural resources

• Study the possibility of liberalizing the issu-ances of Environmental Compliance Certifi-cate (ECC) without compromising environ-mental standards

Policies/Strategies by Ecosystem

Forest Ecosystem

• Delineate the final boundaries of forest re-sources and establish a permanent forest line

• Determine appropriate plantation techniquesfor openland and degraded areas

• Determine erosion control measures on criti-cal slopes, roads and stream banks, fillslopes, rills and gullies of critical watershedand disseminate information

• Assess the present strategies on forestationand afforestation

• Develop an effective pest and disease man-agement control system

• Expand the implementation of all People-Oriented Forestry Programs

• Provide alternative sources of livelihood touplift the socioeconomic conditions of up-land communities

• Strengthen the program for the managementof the dipsterocarp forests

• Institutionalize support for sustainable for-est management

• Adopt an integrated package of interventionin addressing the underlying causes of de-forestation

• Recognize ancestral domain claims

Coastal and Marine Ecosystem

• Formulate policies in coordination with otherstakeholders regarding nearshore areaswhich can be delineated for various pur-poses, including mangroves, reclamationand tourism

• Identify priority areas and set targets forcoral reef rehabilitation, mangrove refores-tation, seagrass rehabiliation and swamp-land

• Evaluation of existing fishing methods inrelation to the sustainability of the fisheriesresource

• Develop anti-poaching/illegal fishing plansfunded by municipal resolutions and devel-oped in a participatory manner

• Provide alternative livelihood for sustenancefishermen

• Formulate an appropriate action plan forprotection of marine environment from land-based activity

• Develop scientific and technological capa-bilities for coastal and marine researches,monitoring and equipment

Freshwater Ecosystem

• Identify and inventory watershed areas andother sources of potable water


97

• Protect the interface of water bodies andland by employing the buffer zone concept

• Rationalize land use to prevent degradation,erosion and siltation of lakes and other wa-ter bodies

Minerals and Mines

•· Ban quarrying activites in environmentallycritical areas

•· Require companies to formulate abandon-ment plans with adequate funds guaranteeand undertake continuous rehabilitation ofmining affected areas

•· Deputize mining companies to protect for-est in mining areas by entering into MOAs/MOUs

•· Implement measures to ensure mine safetyand minimize risks arising from mining op-erations

•· Institutionalize social acceptability as a pre-requisite to all mining projects starting fromexploration

•· Declare a moratorium on mining operationsand the granting of permits in environmen-tally-critical areas

Biodiversity

• Restore/rehabilitate damaged critical habi-tats

• Mobilize and integrated information educa-tion and communication (IEC) system forbiodiversity conservation

Urban Ecosystem

• Strengthen capability of local governmentunits with respect to devolved environmen-tal management functions

• Implement an effective population manage-ment program

• Develop mechanisms to upgrade or relocateexisting informal settlements

• Strengthen management of disaster-proneareas

• Enhance monitoring of air and water quality• Intensify urban water protection efforts• Implement urban infrastructure for basic

services such as water, energy, sewerage,transport system and solid waste manage-ment

• Encourage clustering of LGUs in operationof sanitary landfill and waste water treatmentplants

• Establish forest parks and tree strips alongmain thoroughfares in urbanized cities andmunicipalities


Forest Management Program

• Massive Reforestation Program• Reassessment of NIPAS Initial Components

and Additional Sites• Demarcation of Protected Area Boundaries• Identification and Delineation of Hazard

Prone Areas• Soil Conservation and Watershed Manage-

ment• People-Oriented Forestry Programs• Sustainable Upland Management Trainings

for Upland Workers• Technology, Credit and Marketing Assis-

tance Progam for Upland Livelihood• Transformation of Land Uses such as brush-

land, grassland and mixed used into forestplantation

• Training Program for Eco-tourism• Provincial Task Force for the Protection of

Ancestral Domain

Management of Coastal, Fisheries and AquaticResources Management Program

• Mangrove Plantation Establishment Project• Mangrove Rehabilitation Project

98

• IEC on Coastal Resources Management• Alternative Livelihood Programs for

Fisherfolks• Skills Training/Upgrading Program on

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Manage-ment

• Fisheries and Acquatic Resource Manage-ment Councils Mobilization Project

• Zonification of Water Bodies

Freshwater Ecosystem ManagementProgram

• Establishment of Policy Framework for theSustainable Use of Freshwater Ecosystem

•· Monitoring and Metering of Ground WaterExtraction Project

Minerals and Mines Management Program

• “Adopt a Tree, Adopt a Mining Forest” Pro-gram for Mining Firms

• Establishment of Mine Rehabilitation FundProject

• Enactment of Legislative/AdministrativePolicy Instruments

Biodiversity Enhancement Program

• Rehabilitation/Restoration of Critical HabitatsProjects

• Publication of Popularized Educational Ma-terials on Biodiversity Conservation

Urban Ecosystem

• On-site/Off-site Resettlement Projects• Socialized Housing Program• Solid Waste Management Program

Waste Minimization ProjectMaterials Recovery Facilities ProjectCommon Sanitary Land FillCommon Wastewater Treatment Plant

• Pollution Control ProgramAir and Water Pollution ControlManagement and Monitoring System

• Disaster Management ProgramsFlood Control ProjectsDisaster Preparedness Project

• Urban Forestry Projects• Urban Renewal Program• Population Management Program• Training Program for LGUs on Environmen-

tal Management

Sustainable Management of the Environment


99

Outcome 5: Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance

Development Concerns /Challenges

Fiscal Management

1. Majority of the LGUs are dependent on theinternal revenue allotment (IRA) thus theneed for them to strengthen their tax collec-tion mechanisms, improve fiscal manage-ment and venture into economically produc-tive projects

2. A significant number of municipalities be-long to the fourth and fifth class munici-palities

3. Need to disperse economic activities tomany areas as possible specifically in thethird to sixth class municipalities to promoteequitable distribution of resources and op-portunities in the region

Coordination, Planning and Networking

4. Collaboration among government, privateand educational institutions had been weakthus there is overlapping/duplication of train-ing programs

5. Synchronization of awards and merit systemgiven by the regional line agencies, localgovernment units and other institutions hasyet to be established

6. Synchronization of planning, programmingand budgeting system has to be strength-ened to ensure that the priorities in the vari-ous development plans are being fundedand implemented

7. Strengthening of a Regional and Local bod-ies for effective implementation of plans,programs and projects

8. Database build-up system for easy accessto data/information has to be established atthe regional and local level

9. Need to harmonize and integrate regionaland local development efforts for more ef-fective formulation and implementation ofprograms and projects.

E-Governance

10. Extend more efforts in encouraging munici-palities to develop on-line presence to con-tribute and improve the regions performancein terms of web-presence and e-governance

Peace and Order

11. Cases of theft, kidnapping are still preva-lent

12. Terrorist activities remain a threat to the citi-zenry

13. Base of insurgency is broadening in manyareas in the region


Fiscal Management

• Decrease the number of fourth and fifthclass municipalities

• Decrease dependence from IRA by LGUs• Increase allocation for capital outlay and

monitoring and operating expenses• Increase tax collection efficiency of LGUs• Provide adequate funding for the different

programs of concerned line agencies onpeace and order during the plan period


• Further strengthen RDC coordination role inregional development

• Further improve collaborative mechanism,

100

Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance

structures and processes for consensusbuilding and effective decision-making andpolicy and project implementation

• Sustain the gains of interlocal cooperationin development planning and project imple-mentation

• Strengthen regional and local institution andpromote participation of private sector in thedevelopment bodies

• Provide efficient, timely and responsive de-livery of government services

• Enhance grassroots-focused informationcampaign on government services, pro-grams and projects

• Improve relationship and linkages betweenlocal governments and constituents with newlevels of accessibility and interactivity

• Develop workforce with the skills, work eth-ics and accountability that will provide qual-ity public service

E-Governance

• Make CALABARZON online with an elec-tronic bureaucracy to eliminate the traditionalqueues in the regional and local governmentoffices

• Produce efficient and effective workforcethrough IT empowerment that will translateto better delivery of services

• Produce e-enabled local governments ableto effectively apply IT in local governance.

Peace and Order

• Improve popular awareness, appreciationand support for government initiative.

• Strengthen capability of RLAs, LGUs andNGOs in disaster management and control

• Reduce the crime rate in the region by 15percent in the first year and 60 percent bythe end of the planned period

• Improve the efficiency of the criminal justiceagencies and help the government crimeprevention program

Disaster Preparedness

• All LGUs shall have prepared disaster pre-paredness plans and have activated theirlocal disaster teams.


Fiscal Management

• Introduce improvement in the LGU taxcollection process through the use of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS)


• Institutionalize an integrated training pro-gram or activities among government andprivate training and educational institutions

• Promote interlocal cooperation in develop-ment planning and project implementation

• Advocate the convergence approach amongthe RLAS, LGUs and NGOs in the deliveryof basic services

• Professionalize public service through ap-propriate training and institutionalization ofawards and merit system to boost the mo-rale of honest and dedicated governmentemployees

• Conduct advocacy activities to encourageparticipation of private sector in the devel-opment and implementation of programsand projects

• Conduct impact assessment of programsand projects to determine relevance andresponsiveness to the needs of the region

• Produce uniform indicators, data series,disagregation for regional- and local-levelsstatistical systems

• Strengthen coordinative linkages betweenthe government and non-government orga-nizations in disaster relief and management

• Promote efficient use of financial resourcesthrough synchronized planning, program-ming and budgeting process


101

• Continuously develop one-stop-shops at theregional and local levels to minimize red tape

• Ensure the integration of child rights, humanrights, gender and development (GAD), popu-lation and development (POPDEV), culture,indigenous people (IP), informal sector andother concerns in the LGU development plansand sector plans of agencies

E-Governance

• Formulate a comprehensive information sys-tem for easy access to data at the regionaland local levels

• Strengthen effective use of information tech-nology in generating public awareness andstrengthening linkages for development

• Improve existing procedures to reduce pro-cessing time and documentary requirementsin government transactions

• Establish Knowledge Development Centersthat will serve as repositories of data andinformation not only on women and childrenindicators but as well as IT

• Strictly implement Republic Act No. 8972which mandates LGUs and GovernmentAgencies to be e-commerce ready

• Create an Official Regional Web Portal thatwill provide links and complete directoriesof government and private institutions witha GIS feature where site visitors may findthe actual location of a certain area

• Conduct annual assessment of status of ITresources and manpower

• Conduct fora, meetings and consultationsto advocate LGUs on the benefits of IT topromote awareness and increase apprecia-tion of the potential advantages of e-gover-nance and e-commerce

• Formulate policies and regulations to stan-dardize baseline data on IT

• Digitize documents and other pertinent dataand establish local databases for speedyaccess and dissemination.

• Establish an integrated and computer-based

information network among the pillars of thecriminal justice system (law enforcement, pros-ecution, adjudication, rehabilitation and re-in-tegration to the community) to facilitate theidentification and apprehension of criminals

Disaster Preparedness

• Include the preparation of an updated disas-ter preparedness plan as requirement in therelease of IRA

Peace and Order

• Enlist the 100 percent cooperation and par-ticipation of the citizenry in the war againstcrime

Capacity Building

• Strengthen mechanisms for performanceappraisals of and government agencies andlocal government units

• Strictly implement RA 6713: Code of Con-duct and Ethical Standards for Public Offi-cials and Employees

• Develop an HRD program that would answerthe need for highly trained and motivatedpersonnel

• Conduct capability-building activities for RLAand LGU Officials and employees to equipthem with the necessary skills and compe-tencies to carry out devolved functions

• Capability-building on the preparation of di-saster preparedness plans


• Building Safe Community Program• Police Community Relations Program• Police Visibility Program• Cash Reward Program• Communication and Advocacy Program• Excellence in Governance Program• Harnessing Public Sector Unionism

102

• Improving Public Service Delivery• Professionalization of the Civil Service• Integrated Regional/Local Information System Project• Southern Tagalog Information Sharing Network (STISNET)• Integrated Capability Building Program of RLAs and LGUs• Knowledge Development Centers• DevInfor Database Establishment• Official Regional Government Web Portal Development

• On-line directory of government and private institutions• Operationalization of the Regional Government Center (RGC)• Rebel Returnees Program• Special Operations Desk Program• Special Operations Team (SOT) Program• Test Analysis and Calibration System for Software Development• Witness Protection Program• Covert Intelligence Program

Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance


103

To operationalize the strategies set forthin the plan, a comprehensive advocacy plan shallbe developed. The plan shall include the activeinvolvement of the CALABARZON KnowledgeNetwork (CKN) to ensure that the plan is dis-seminated at all levels. The CKN shall ensurethat the plan will gain wide acceptance by theprovincial, city and municipal governments, busi-ness community and civil society organizations(CSOs). It is expected that the LGUs and busi-ness community will align their priorities to con-tribute to the achievement of the regional goalsand the 10-Point Legacy.

To enhance the linkage of the plan andthe budgeting process, workshops shall be con-

ducted to ensure that the major final outputs(MFOs) of all agencies are anchored on the fiveregional development outcomes. The Depart-ment of Budget and Management (DBM) in con-junction with the agencies shall develop a me-dium-term capacity building program includingstrategy for change management for line agen-cies in implementing the Organizational Perfor-mance Indicator Framework (OPIF). The final-ization and implementation of agency OPIF willensure that all activities of the agencies will con-tribute to the attainment of the desired results.

An assessment of plan implementationshall be done annually and shall form part ofthe input for the annual budget call.

Part IVAdvocacy for Plan Implementation

1. Plan Communication Advocacies

Preparation of Advocacy Materials• Printed RDP• RDP in CD Form• RDP Abridged Version• PowerPoint Presentation

Training of Speakers’ Bureau

Plan Communication Strategies• RDP in CALABARZON Newsletter• Publication in STISNET• Press Releases for RDP Component• Briefing Program for Various Stakeholders

2. Mainstreaming of RDP forPlanning and Implementation

• Sectoral / Agency Activities• Operationalization of RDP in Local Plans and Programs

3. Private Sector Mobilization forPlan Implementation

• Advocacy for Private Sector Initiative

4. Plan Implementation MonitoringAdvocacies

• Localization of RPMES• Private Sector Participation

Plan of Operation for Regional Plan Communication and Implementation2005 - 2010

104

For comments / suggestions, please call or write to:

National Economic and Development AuthorityRegional Office IV-A (CALABARZON)

NEDA Complex, EDSA, Quezon City, PhilippinesTel #: (02) 927-7699 | Fax #: (02) 929-6044

Email: [email protected]

Documents

Calabarzon Devt Plan 04-10