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CAD package for electromagnetic and thermal analysis using finite elements
Fluxby CEDRAT
Magneto Static application tutorial 2D basic example
Flux is a registered trademark.
Flux software : COPYRIGHT CEDRAT/INPG/CNRS/EDF Flux tutorials : COPYRIGHT CEDRAT
This tutorial was edited on 5 juillet 2012
Ref.: KF 2 05 -A- 111 - EN - 07/12
CEDRAT 15 Chemin de Malacher - Inovallée
38246 Meylan Cedex FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0)4 76 90 50 45 Fax: +33 (0)4 56 38 08 30 Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.cedrat.com
Foreword
*(Please read before starting this document)
Description of the example
The goal of this basic example is to familiarize the user with the Flux Magneto Static application using a simple device. This example contains the general steps and all the data needed to describe the physics,the solving and the postprocessing for the given cases. For this example, the geometry has been previously described in the First steps in using Flux: Geometry and Mesh Tutorial - Basic example.
Required knowledge
This basic example is designed for the user who is already familiar with the basic functions of Flux software. To obtain this knowledge, first, the user should go through the First steps in using Flux: Geometry and Mesh Tutorial - Basic example. This document explains, in detail, all the actions necessary to build the geometry and mesh of a project in the Flux study domain.
Support files included...
To view the completed phases of the example project, the user will find the .py files, including the geometry, physics and post processing descriptions. The .py files corresponding to the different study cases in this example are available in the folder: …\DocExamples11.1\Examples2D\MagnetostaticApplication\
Supplied files are command files written in Pyflux language. The user can launch them in order to automatically recover the Flux projects for each case.
**(.py files are launched by accessing Project/Command file from the Flux drop down menu.)
Supplied files Contents Flux file obtained after launching the .py file
TESTCASE_INI.FLU* Geometry, mesh and physics
Physbuilt.FLU
solving.py Solving process Solved.FLU
CASE1
postprocessing.py Post processing Postprocessed.FLU
TESTCASE_INI.FLU** Initial project solving.py Solving process Solved.FLU
CASE2 postprocessing.py Post processing Postprocessed.FLU
Note : some directories may contain a main.py enabling the launch of the command files
*This file correspond to SENSOR_2D created in the first steps in using Flux- geometry and mesh tutorial
** This file correspond to the Physbuilt.FLU of CASE 1
Flux Table of Contents
PAGE A
Table of Contents 1. General information .................................................................................................................1
1.1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................3 1.1.1. Description of the studied device....................................................................................4 1.1.2. Studied cases .................................................................................................................5
1.2. Strategy to build the Flux project ..................................................................................................7 1.2.1. Main stages for physical description...............................................................................8
2. Construction of the Flux project .............................................................................................11 2.1. Physical description process.......................................................................................................13
2.1.1. Define the physical application .....................................................................................14 2.1.2. Create materials ...........................................................................................................15 2.1.3. Create face regions ......................................................................................................16 2.1.4. Create measuring coils: coil conductors components and coil conductor regions.......17 2.1.5. Assign face regions to faces.........................................................................................18 2.1.6. Orient material for face region ......................................................................................19
3. Case 1: static study ...............................................................................................................21 3.1. Case 1: solving process..............................................................................................................23 3.2. Case 1: results post-processing..................................................................................................25
3.2.1. Display default graphic post processing.......................................................................26 3.2.2. Display arrows of the magnetic flux density on a region boundaries ...........................28 3.2.3. Display isovalues of the magnetic flux density on a 2D grid ........................................29 3.2.4. Compute the magnetic flux density on a point .............................................................31 3.2.5. Compute the magnetic force on face regions...............................................................32 3.2.6. Plot a 2D curve of the magnetic field strength along a path and export the curve.......33 3.2.7. Plot a 2D curve of normal and tangential components of the magnetic field
along a path ..................................................................................................................35
4. Case 2: parametric computation............................................................................................37 4.1. Case 2: solving process..............................................................................................................39 4.2. Case 2: results post-processing..................................................................................................41
4.2.1. Display default graphic post processing (alpha=120°) .................................................42 4.2.2. Create animation of isovalues of the magnetic flux density on face regions
versus position parameter ............................................................................................43 4.2.3. Plot a 2D curve of the flux through coil conductors versus an I/O parameter ..............44 4.2.4. Plot a 3D curve of the magnetic flux density on a path versus an I/O parameter ........45
Table of Contents Flux
PAGE B MAGNETO STATIC APPLICATION TUTORIAL
Flux General information
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 1
1. General information
Introduction This chapter contains the presentation of the studied device and the Flux
software.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Overview 3 Strategy to build the Flux project 7
General information Flux
PAGE 2 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux General information
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 3
1.1. Overview
Introduction This section presents the studied device (a variable reluctance speed sensor)
and the strategy of the device description in Flux.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Description of the studied device 4 Studied cases 5
General information Flux
PAGE 4 Magneto Static application tutorial
1.1.1. Description of the studied device
Studied device The device to be analyzed is a variable reluctance speed sensor.
The studied device consists of: a cogged wheel (made of steel) with three teeth two probes with a magnet (made of ferrite) and a coil around each
PROBE 2
COIL 2-
COIL 2+
MAGNET 1
COIL 1-
COIL 1+
WHEEL
MAGNET 2
PROBE 1
Operating principle
The rotation of the cogged wheel near the tip of the probes changes the magnetic flux around probes 1 and 2, creating an analog voltage signal that can be measured by the probes.
Flux General information
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 5
1.1.2. Studied cases
Studied cases Two cases are carried out with the Magneto Static application:
case 1: static study (mono value) case 2: multi-parametric static study (multi values)
Case 1 The first case is a static study (mono value).
In this case, the study is performed in the middle position: the two probes between two teeth. The geometric parameter , which allows us to control the angle of the wheel around Z axis, has a fixed value = 75° . The coils are not current supplied (=measuring coils)
Case 2 The second case is a multi-parametric static study (multi values)
In this parameterized study, the angle of the cogged wheel will vary. The geometric parameter varies in the range [75°, 195°] with a step of 3°.
General information Flux
PAGE 6 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux General information
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 7
1.2. Strategy to build the Flux project
Introduction This section presents outlines of physical properties description process of the
sensor.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Main stages for physical description 8
General information Flux
PAGE 8 Magneto Static application tutorial
1.2.1. Main stages for physical description
Outline An outline of the physical description process of the sensor is presented in
the table below.
Stage Description
1
Definition of the application and definition of the depth of the domain
Magneto Static 2D (solved with Flux 3D solver)
2D plan (6mm)
2 Creation of two materials
FERRITE – magnet with a linear B(H) characteristic
STEEL – ferromagnetic material with a non linear B(H) characteristic
3 Creation of four face region
AIR_EXT region, corresponding with the air surrounding the device
AIR_WHEEL region, corresponding with the air in the cogged wheel
MAGNET1 region corresponding with the first magnet of the device
MAGNET2 re region corresponding with the second magnet of the device
4
Creation of two coils: Two components Four face regions
COIL_CONDUCTOR1 COIL_CONDUCTOR2 COIL1N region, corresponding with the
negative part of the first coil COIL1P region, corresponding with the
positive part of the first coil COIL2N region, corresponding with the
negative part of the second coil COIL2P region, corresponding with the
positive part of the second coil
Continued on next page
Flux General information
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 9
Stage Description
5 Assignment of face regions
INFINITE
AIR WHEEL
AIR_EXT
COIL1P
MAGNET1
COIL1N
COIL2P
MAGNET2
COIL2N
WHEEL
6 Material orientation
Construction of the Flux project Flux
PAGE 10 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Construction of the Flux project
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 11
2. Construction of the Flux project
Introduction This chapter contains the physical description of the sensor. For a more
detailed description of the basic geometry of the sensor, the user should reference the Flux 2D Generic Tutorial of Geometry and Mesh. The user must have good understanding of all functionalities of the Flux preprocessor.
Starting Flux project
The starting project is the Flux project GEO_MESH.FLU. This project contains: the geometry description of the contactor the mesh of the computation domain
New Flux project
The new Flux project is GEO_MESH_PHYS.FLU.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Physical description process 13
Construction of the Flux project Flux
PAGE 12 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Construction of the Flux project
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 13
2.1. Physical description process
Introduction This section presents the definition of the physical properties – materials and
regions.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Define the physical application 14 Create materials 15 Create face regions 13 Create measuring coils: coil conductors components and coil conductor regions
14
Assign face regions to faces 18 Orient material for face region 19
Construction of the Flux project Flux
PAGE 14 Magneto Static application tutorial
2.1.1. Define the physical application
Goal First, the physical application is defined. The required physical application is
the Magneto Static 2D application.
Data The characteristics of the application are presented in the table below.
Magneto Static 2D application
Definition 2D domain type Depth of the domain
Coils Coefficient
2D plane 6 mm Automatic Coefficient
Application Define Magnetic Magneto Static 2D
Flux Construction of the Flux project
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 15
2.1.2. Create materials
Goal Two materials are created directly for the physical description of the sensor;
the two materials are characterized by their magnetic properties: the first material is FERRITE defined for the coiled magnets the second material is STEEL defined for the cogged wheel
Data The characteristics of the materials are presented in the tables below.
B(H) linear magnet described in the Br module
Name Remanent flux density (T) Relative permeability FERRITE 0.8 1
B(H) isotropic analytic saturation (arctg 2 coef.)
Name Initial relative permeability Saturation magnetization
(T) STEEL 5000 1.9
Physics Material New
Construction of the Flux project Flux
PAGE 16 Magneto Static application tutorial
2.1.3. Create face regions
Goal Five face regions are necessary for the physical description of the sensor.
Five following face regions will be created: the AIR_EXT region, corresponding with the air surrounding the device the AIR_WHEEL region, corresponding with the air in the cogged wheel the MAGNET1 region, corresponding with the first magnet of the device the MAGNET2 region, corresponding with the second magnet of the device the WHEEL region, corresponding with the cogged wheel
The INFINITE region, already created during the infinite box creation, will be edited to activate its physical properties.
Data The characteristics of the face regions are presented in the table below.
Face region
Name Type Material Color AIR_EXT Air or vacuum region Turquoise
AIR_WHEEL Air or vacuum region Turquoise INFINITE* Air or vacuum region Turquoise MAGNET1 Magnetic non-conducting region FERRITE Magenta MAGNET2 Magnetic non-conducting region FERRITE Magenta WHEEL Magnetic non-conducting region STEEL Cyan
Physics Face region New
*The region already created and assigned during the creation of the infinite box, however the user need to enter the type of the region.
Flux Construction of the Flux project
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 17
2.1.4. Create measuring coils: coil conductors components and coil conductor regions
Goal Two coils are created to measure the flux density.
About coil In magnetic applications, a coil is represented by one face region or by a
group of face regions of the coil conductor type. The value I of the current in a wire (or turn) of the coil is set by means of an electric component (of coil conductor type) associated to the coil.
Data (1) The characteristics of the electric components (of coil conductor type) are
presented in the table below:
Stranded coil conductor with imposed current (A)
Name comment Value COIL_CONDUCTOR1 Coil conductor on the first coil 0 COIL_CONDUCTOR2 Coil conductor on the second coil 0
Physics Electrical components Stranded coil conductor New
Data (2) The characteristics of the regions (of coil conductor type) are presented in the
table below:
Coil conductor type region
Face region Component
Orientation Turn number Series or parallel
Color
COIL1N COIL_CONDUCTOR1 negative 1000 series red COIL1P COIL_CONDUCTOR1 positive 1000 series red COIL2N COIL_CONDUCTOR2 negative 1000 series red COIL2P COIL_CONDUCTOR2 positive 1000 series red
Physics Face region New
the COIL1N region, corresponding with the negative part of the first coil the COIL1P region, corresponding with the positive part of the first coil the COIL2N region, corresponding with the negative part of the second coil the COIL2P region, corresponding with the positive part of the second coil
Construction of the Flux project Flux
PAGE 18 Magneto Static application tutorial
2.1.5. Assign face regions to faces
Goal The INFINITE region has been already assigned during the creation of the
infinite box. The nine regions (AIR_EXT, AIR_INT, WHEEL, COIL1P, COIL1N, MAGNET1, COIL2P, COIL2N, and MAGNET2) are assigned to faces.
Outline The region assignment is presented in the figure below.
INFINITE
AIR_WHEEL
AIR_EXT
COIL1P
MAGNET1
COIL1N
COIL2P
MAGNET2
COIL2N
WHEEL
Flux Construction of the Flux project
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 19
2.1.6. Orient material for face region
Goal An orientation of the material region is needed to describe physics.
Data The orientation of the material region is related in the table below
Orient material for face region
Name Oriented type Coordinate system Angle MAGNET1 Direction PROBE_CS 0 MAGNET2 Direction PROBE_CS001 0
Physics Face region Orient material for face region
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 20 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 21
3. Case 1: static study
Case 1 The first case is a static study.
This study is a very easy problem of Magneto Statics. In this study, a magneto static analysis of the sensor is performed in a medium position: the two probes between two teeth. A geometric parameter , which allow us to control the angle of the wheel around Z axis, has a fixed value = 75° The coils are not current supplied (=measuring coils)
Starting Flux project
The starting project is the Flux project TestCase_INI.FLU. This project contains: the geometry description of the device the mesh and computation domain the initial physical description of the contactor
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Case 1: solving process 23 Case 1: results post-processing 25
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 22 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 23
3.1. Case 1: solving process
Goal The case 1 is solved using the default scenario with reference values.
Action Solve case 1.
Solving Solve
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 24 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 25
3.2. Case 1: results post-processing
Introduction This section explains how to analyze the principal results of case 1.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Display default graphic post processing 26 Display arrows of the magnetic flux density on a region boundaries
28
Display isovalues of the magnetic flux density on a 2D grid 29 Compute the magnetic flux density on a point 31 Compute the magnetic force on face regions 32 Plot a 2D curve of the magnetic field strength along a path and export the curve
33
Plot a 2D curve of normal and tangential components of the magnetic field along a path
35
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 26 Magneto Static application tutorial
3.2.1. Display default graphic post processing
Goal The default graphic post processing is displayed on the device (excluding the
infinite box) : - Isovalues of the magnetic flux density - Arrows of the magnetic flux density - Isolines of the vector potential
Action (1) Display isovalues
Graphic Isovalues Display isovalues
Result (1) The following chart shows the isovalues of the magnetic flux density on the
device.
Continued on next page
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 27
Action (2) Hide previous isovalues and display arrows
Graphic Arrows Spatial Group Display arrows
Result (2) The following chart shows the arrows of the magnetic flux density on the
device.
Action (3) Display isolines
Graphic Isolines Display isolines
Result (3) The following chart shows the isolines of the vector potential on the device.
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 28 Magneto Static application tutorial
3.2.2. Display arrows of the magnetic flux density on a region boundaries
Goal The arrows of the magnetic flux density on wheel region boundaries are
displayed.
Data The characteristics of the arrows are presented in the table below.
Arrows on boundary
Name Groups Quantity WHEEL_CONTOUR S_WHEEL Magnetic flux density / Vector
Graphic Arrows boundary New
Result The result is presented in the figure below :
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 29
3.2.3. Display isovalues of the magnetic flux density on a 2D grid
Goal One 2D grid is created midpoint of the second stranded coil.
The magnetic flux density isovalues are displayed on the 2D grid.
Data (1) The characteristics of the 2D grid are presented in the table below.
Rectangular 2D grid in XY plane: definition
2D grid origin coordinates Name Comment Coordinate system
First Second GRID_ONMAGNET For the magnet PROBE_CS 0 0
Rectangular 2D grid in XY plane: definition
Characteristics along X Characteristics along Y
Positive X Negative XNumber of
disc. elementsPositive Y Negative Y
Number of disc. elements
12 12 30 6 6 20
Rectangular 2D grid in XY plane: appearance
Visibility Color visible green
Support 2D grid New
Data (2) The characteristics of the isovalues are presented in the table below.
Isovalues on 2D grid
2D grid Quantity GRID_ONMAGNET Magnetic flux density / Vector
Graphic Isovalues New
Continued on next page
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 30 Magneto Static application tutorial
Result The following chart shows the magnetic flux density on the
GRID_ONMAGNET grid
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 31
3.2.4. Compute the magnetic flux density on a point
Goal The magnetic flux density is computed on the selected point.
Data The characteristics of the point are presented in the table below.
Quantities computation on points
Name Comment Formula
POINT1 Center of the magnet B
Point defined by its coordinates
Coordinates localization Coord. system Region first second
0 0 no constraint PROBE_CS001 MAGNET2
Computation On point New session Quantities computation on points
Result The following values show the X and Y components of the magnetic flux
density at the above-described point.
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 32 Magneto Static application tutorial
3.2.5. Compute the magnetic force on face regions
Goal The value of the magnetic force is computed on the selected face region and
the result of computation is displayed in the dialog box.
Data The characteristics of the magnetic force computation are presented in the
table below.
Compute on physic entity
Region Name
Spatial group Quantity Magnetic force / Magnitude
Magnetic force / x component FORCE_MAGNET S_MAGNET2 Magnetic force / y component
Computation On physical entity Compute
Result The following dialog box shows the result of computation of the magnetic
force on the MAGNET2 face region.
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 33
3.2.6. Plot a 2D curve of the magnetic field strength along a path and export the curve
Goal The variation of the magnetic flux density is computed along the selected path
and displayed as curve.
Data (1) The characteristics of the path are presented in the table below.
Path defined by 2 points
Name Comment SEGMENT Along the magnet
Path defined by coordinates
Path points Starting point Ending point
Coordinates Coordinates Coord. system
First Second Coord. system
First Second
Discretization by intervals
PROBE_CS001 -15 0 PROBE_CS001 15 0 50
Support Path New
Data (2) The characteristics of the curve are presented in the table below.
2D curve (path)
Name Comment Path Quantity Magnetic field /
Magnitude Magnetic field /
Normal component CURVE
Magnetic field strength along the segment in magnet
SEGMENT
Magnetic field / Tangential component
Curve 2D curve (Path) New 2D curve (Path)
Continued on next page
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 34 Magneto Static application tutorial
Result The following curves show the components of the magnetic field strength
along the X and Y –axes with Absolute view mode.
Action Export the curve to excel file
Curve 2D curve (path) Excel export
Flux Case 1: static study
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 35
3.2.7. Plot a 2D curve of normal and tangential components of the magnetic field along a path
Goal The variation of the normal and tangent components of the magnetic field is
computed along the selected path and displayed as curve.
Data (1) The characteristics of the path are presented in the table below.
Arc defined by center, radius and angles
Name Comment AIR_GAP In the air gap
Path definition
Center of arc Extremities angles
around Z Coord. system
First Second Starting Ending Radius Region
Discretization by intervals
XY1 0 0 -40 70 21.75 AIR_EXT 30
Support Path New
Data (2) The characteristics of the curve are presented in the table below.
2D curve (path)
Name Comment Path Quantity Magnetic field /
Normal component CURVE_1
Normal and tangent magnetic field along the air gap
AIR_GAP Magnetic field /
Tangential component
Curve 2D curve (Path) New 2D curve (Path)
Continued on next page
Case 1: static study Flux
PAGE 36 Magneto Static application tutorial
Result The following curves show the normal and tangent components of the
magnetic field along the X and Y -axes.
Flux Case 2: parametric computation
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 37
4. Case 2: parametric computation
Case 2 The second case is a parametric computation.
The angle of the cogged wheel will vary. In this parametric study, the geometric parameter is the angle that varies in the range [75°, 195°] with a step of 3°.
Starting Flux project
The starting project is the Flux project GEO_MESH_PHYS.FLU. This project contains: the geometry description of the device the mesh and computation domain the initial physical description of the contactor
Project name The new Flux project is saved under the name of CASE2.FLU.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Case 2: solving process 39 Case 2: results post-processing 41
Case 2: parametric computation Flux
PAGE 38 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Case 2: parametric computation
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 39
4.1. Case 2: solving process
Goal The scenario with the controlled geometrical parameter is defined for a
varying solving process.
Data The characteristics of the solving scenario are presented in the tables below.
Solving scenario
Name Comment SCENARIO1 study using a geometrical parameter
Solving scenario
Parameter control Interval
Controlled parameter
Type Lower limit
Higher limit
Method Step value
ALPHA Multi-values 75 195 step
value 3
Solving Solving scenario New
Solving Solve
Case 2: parametric computation Flux
PAGE 40 Magneto Static application tutorial
Flux Case 2: parametric computation
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 41
4.2. Case 2: results post-processing
Introduction This section explains how to analyze the principal results of case 2.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Display default graphic post processing (alpha=120°) 42 Create animation of isovalues of the magnetic flux density on face regions versus position parameter
43
Plot a 2D curve of the flux through coil conductors versus an I/O parameter
44
Plot a 3D curve of the magnetic flux density on a path versus an I/O parameter
45
Case 2: parametric computation Flux
PAGE 42 Magneto Static application tutorial
4.2.1. Display default graphic post processing (alpha=120°)
Action First, the computation step of the geometrical parameterized study is selected
(alpha=120°). Then, the default graphic post processing is displayed via isovalue plots of color shadings.
Select the step
Data The characteristics of the scenario and computation step selection are
presented in the table below.
Scenario and computation step
Computation step Scenario
Parameter name Value SCENARIO1 ALPHA 120
Action Display isovalues
Graphic Isovalues Display isovalues
Result The following chart shows the magnetic flux density on the selected regions.
Flux Case 2: parametric computation
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 43
4.2.2. Create animation of isovalues of the magnetic flux density on face regions versus position parameter
Goal The animation of isovalues of the magnetic flux density for different positions
of the wheel is created.
Data The characteristics of the animation are presented in the table below.
Animation
General Display Pilot
Name Parameters min max
Steps frequency
1/
Build options
Isovalues
ANIMATION_1 ALPHA 75 195 2 Build video
4_ISOVAL_NO_INFI
NITE
Graphic Animation New
Result The animation video is created in the project repertory in a .AVI file.
Case 2: parametric computation Flux
PAGE 44 Magneto Static application tutorial
4.2.3. Plot a 2D curve of the flux through coil conductors versus an I/O parameter
Goal The values of the flux through the two coil conductor versus the angular
position of the cogged wheel are computed and displayed in a curve
Data The characteristics of the curve are presented in the table below
2D curve (I/O parameter)
Parameter Circuit Name
Name Lower
endpoint Upper
endpoint COILCONDUCTOR1 COILCONDUCTOR2
CURVE ALPHA 75° 195° Flux Flux
Curve 2D Curve I/O parameter New 2D Curve (I/O parameter)
Result The following curves show the variation of flux through coil conductor in
function of the angle variation of the cogged wheel.
Flux Case 2: parametric computation
Magneto Static application tutorial PAGE 45
4.2.4. Plot a 3D curve of the magnetic flux density on a path versus an I/O parameter
Goal The variation of the magnetic flux density is computed along the selected path
(already defined in case 1) for different positions of the wheel and displayed as curve.
Data The characteristics of the curve are presented in the table below
3D curve (Path + I/O parameter)
Parameter Name Path
Name Min Max Quantity
CURVE_1 AIR_GAP ALPHA 75 195 Magnetic flux density /
Magnitude
Curve 3D Curve (Path + I/O parameter) New 3D Curve (Path + I/O parameter)
Result The following curve shows the variation of the magnetic flux density along
the path for different positions of the wheel.
Case 2: parametric computation Flux
PAGE 46 Magneto Static application tutorial